CN104904485A - Method for improving yield and economic benefits of vegetables through smoked manure - Google Patents

Method for improving yield and economic benefits of vegetables through smoked manure Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104904485A
CN104904485A CN201510350807.2A CN201510350807A CN104904485A CN 104904485 A CN104904485 A CN 104904485A CN 201510350807 A CN201510350807 A CN 201510350807A CN 104904485 A CN104904485 A CN 104904485A
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China
Prior art keywords
soil
vegetables
stalk
excrement
fertilizer
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CN201510350807.2A
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CN104904485B (en
Inventor
马友华
何传龙
吴靓
张维维
路青
付碧玉
殷寒旭
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Anhui Agricultural University AHAU
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Anhui Agricultural University AHAU
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05BPHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
    • C05B7/00Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05GMIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05GMIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/80Soil conditioners

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for improving the yield and economic benefits of vegetables through smoked manure. Particularly, the smoked manure replaces potassic fertilizer and organic fertilizer to improve the yield and economic benefits of vegetables. The method includes the steps that soil is processed with the smoked manure; the land processed with the smoked manure is flattened, subjected to bedding, provided with base fertilizer and then provided with additional fertilizer three times. The method has an obvious yield-increasing effect for both new and old vegetable fields, and especially has an obvious effect for modifying old vegetable fields. According to the method, the soil is sterilized so that degraded soil can recuperate, and an obvious effect for modifying non-vegetable successive cropping obstacle soil is realized.

Description

A kind of method utilizing fiery excrement to improve yield of vegetables and economic benefit
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of vegetable cultivation, be specifically related to a kind of method utilizing fiery excrement to improve yield of vegetables and economic benefit.
Background technology
Vegetables are economic benefit high crops, and peasant finds various New Measure to improve output to pursue economic benefit, increases income.Chemical fertilizer is most important well stimulation, vegetable grower in order to pursue high economic benefit, usually heavy dressing, actual fertilizing amount often vegetables fertilizer-sucting quantity 4-6 doubly.Practice has proved that excessive fertilization not only can not improve yield of vegetables, also increases the weight of vegetable insect disease, and quality of vegetable is deteriorated, and output reduces; More seriously environmental pollution, vegetable field is the important sources of pollution of area source, and country and government pay much attention to.
Before fertilizer application, Huo Fenshi China peasant improves and recovers farmland soil fertility important technology.Along with chemical fertilizer is popularized, fiery excrement exits history platform gradually.China is large agricultural country, crop rice husk stalk resource enriches, and it is widely distributed, the rice husk stalk output of 2002 is at about 7.5 hundred million tons according to statistics, and every year on average still with the speed increment of 1352.3 ten thousand tons, wherein cotton, paddy rice and wheat stalk output are maximum, account for stalk total amount 26.7%, 34.5% and 15.2% respectively.But at present the utilization ratio of China's solid waste rice husk stalk is low, and a large portion stalk is wantonly burned or puts aside as useless, because of crop straw burning cause highway close with aircraft can not the event of regular descent of common occurrence, cause serious environmental pollution and the wasting of resources.Fire excrement material crops straw becomes agricultural wastes, the process of crop harvesting stalk in season is the difficult problem that peasant and government all have a headache, finding High-efficiency straw to utilize technology, create high economic benefit and environmental benefit could accept this jointly for peasant and society, is the agricultural production task of top priority.
The present invention utilizes agricultural wastes crops straw to make fiery excrement, and improvement soil, improves productivity of land, improves yield of vegetables and economic benefit, reduces vegetables chemical fertilizer and organic manure application rate, provides new way for High-efficiency straw utilizes.
At present about the method utilizing stalk to improve yield of vegetables, scientific research personnel has done a large amount of research work, achieve numerous achievements, as rushed fertilising, control slow-release fertilizer, foliage fertilizer, real-time nitrogen management systems etc., have remarkable result in raising yield of vegetables, raising utilization rate of fertilizer, lighter environmental pollution.Chinese patent CN101983546A discloses a kind of method utilizing crops straw to prevent and treat vegetable soil continuous cropping obstacle, and it mainly prevents obstruction of vegetable continuous cropping, applies fertilizer as conventional fertilizer application, namely application of a large amount of potash fertilizer.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the problems referred to above that prior art exists, the invention provides that a kind of method is simple, efficiency utilization straw refuse substitutes potash fertilizer and fertilizer and the utilization fire excrement that yield of vegetables is significantly improved improve the method for yield of vegetables and economic benefit.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is: a kind of method utilizing fiery excrement to improve yield of vegetables and economic benefit, before planting vegetable, soil is carried out fiery excrement process, crops straw consumption 50-80 kilogram/10 square metres soil; By growing vegetables requirement, carry out smooth to fiery excrement process soil, bedding.
In such scheme, be also included in by stalk uniform spreading on 5 square metres of soil, other 5 square metres of 0-20cm topsoil soils are turned over above stalk, form a hill, keep surrounding stalk to be exposed.
In such scheme, described mound can be round or square.
In such scheme, also comprise the stalk lighted surrounding and expose, when burning stalk inside soil, the soil be added in above stalk falls down, and is embedded in by stalk in soil, and the straw burning speed inside soil slows down; Stalk is transformed into imperfect combustion by Thorough combustion, and part stalk generates the biomass carbon of stable in properties; Every 3-5 hour, cleaning mound once.
In such scheme, described cleaning mound method is all cleared out together with the soil that mound falls down by 15cm soil under stalk, makes mound surrounding again expose stalk, conflagration after stalk chance oxygen, proceed to imperfect combustion again after a period of time, move in circles, all burn to the stalk be embedded in soil.
In such scheme, described crops straw is rice straw or wheat stalk or maize straw, uses after crops straw drying.
In such scheme, the soil moisture content of described fiery excrement process should lower than field capacity 70%.
In such scheme, use base manure after the process of soil fire excrement and topdress, described fertilizer is vegetables nitrogen phosphorus fertilizer, not application of organic fertilizers and potash fertilizer.
In such scheme, described base manure consists of Chicken dung 750 kgs/acre, urea 20-38 kg/acre, diammonium phosphate 30-50 kg/acre, ploughs under in soil after above-mentioned fertilizer mixing being spread fertilizer over the fields.
In such scheme, described topdressing for three times imposes fertilizer and quantity is as follows: the first fringe fruit expanding stage topdressing amount: urea 10-24 kg/acre, diammonium phosphate 5-10 kg/acre; Second fringe fruit expanding stage topdressing amount: urea 6-10 kg/acre, diammonium phosphate 10-15 kg/acre; Sansui fruit expanding stage topdressing amount: urea 5-15 kg/acre.
Of the present inventionly to have the following advantages:
1, fiery excrement is the new technology that vegetables are increased production further, the new way that vegetable grower increases income.
2, utilize stalk imperfect combustion, generation aromaricity is high, stable in properties is organic, can preserve for a long time in soil, and improvement soil, improves land capability.Report biomass carbon does not decompose for several thousand.
3, the fertilizer that needs of the alternative vegetables of fiery excrement, and overcome fertilizer only short-term improve the shortcoming of the soil organic matter.
4, fiery excrement burning generation high temperature and sootiness can kill soil germ, weed seed, and make planting vegetable healthy growth, damage by disease and insect is few, is conducive to the stable high yield of easy sick worm vegetables, saves a large amount of agricultural chemicals, preserve the ecological environment.
5, straw burning can provide abundant potassium for crop, without application of potash fertilizer, improves manure resources utilization ratio.
6, stalk fire excrement utilizes, and can be the abundant stalk resource in rural area and finds efficiency utilization approach.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the present invention finds to utilize moderate heat excrement of the present invention process, vegetables do not need application of potash fertilizer and fertilizer, and yield of vegetables and benefit can be significantly improved, this is because containing abundant potassium in stalk, can meet the needs of vegetable growth to potassium completely, greatly save fertilizer cost; The biomass carbon that the process of fire excrement generates can play fertilizer improving soil.Also namely the present invention changes Vegetable Fertilizing technology, saves fertilizer and Potassic fertilizer resources.Vegetable Soil is by fiery excrement process, and a lot of continuous cropping obstacle factor of soil is eliminated or alleviates, and land capability is greatly improved, vegetables robust growth, and pesticide dosage reduces, and increasing both production and income is remarkable.Method provided by the invention has remarkable effect of increasing production to the old and new vegetable plot, especially improving old vegetable field more remarkable effect, because the present invention makes the soil restoration of degeneration healthy to disinfecting soil, thus also has remarkable result to the soil melioration of non-vegetable continuous cropping obstacle.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, further illustrate content of the present invention.Should be appreciated that enforcement of the present invention is not limited to the following examples, any pro forma accommodation make the present invention and/or change all will fall into protection scope of the present invention.
In the present invention, if not refer in particular to, all parts, percentage are unit of weight, and all equipment and raw material etc. all can be buied from market or the industry is conventional.Method in following embodiment, if no special instructions, is the conventional method of this area.
Embodiment one
Test site: Zhong Li village, Jiong Yang town, In Chaohu City, Anhui Province.
Test soil: paddy soil.
For examination vegetables: for examination tomato variety: 202, planting density, 2200 plants/acre.Greenhouse gardening, tomato transplanting time on December 26th, 2013, on May 30th, 2014, tamato fruit was gathered end.
Test processing method:
1, habits fertilization (local vegetable grower tomato fertilizing amount).Total fertilizing amount: Chicken dung 750kg./mu, urea 60kg./mu, diammonium phosphate 60kg./mu, potassium sulfate 72kg./mu.Base manure: Chicken dung 750kg./mu, urea 23.82kg/ mu, two ammonium 39.13kg/ mus, potassium sulfate 36kg./mu.Divide and topdress for three times, for the first time (the first fringe fruit expanding stage): urea 18.03kg./mu, two ammonium 7.83kg./mus, potassium sulfate 7.2kg./mu; For the second time (the second fringe fruit expanding stage): urea 7.94kg./mu, two ammonium 13.04kg./mus, potassium sulfate 12kg./mu; For the third time (Sansui fruit expanding stage): urea 10.22kg./mu, potassium sulfate 16.8kg./mu.
2, decrement fertilising.The fertile amount of application of N, P is 75% of habits fertilization amount, and chicken manure and potassium sulfate fertilizing amount are with habits fertilization amount.
3, habits fertilization NP+ fire excrement.Nitrogen, phosphatization fertilizer consumption, with habits fertilization process, do not execute chicken manure and potassium sulfate.Fire excrement stalk is straw, and consumption 70 kilograms of straw/10 square metre, fiery excrement processing method adopts method of the present invention.
4, decrement fertilising NP+ fire excrement.Nitrogen and phosphate application rate is 75% of habits fertilization amount, does not execute chicken manure and potassium sulfate.The process of fire excrement is with process 3.
The fiery excrement process of table 1 is on tomato yield impact and Economic and Efficiency Analysis
Note: tomato average price 3.2 yuan of/kilogram of meter, chicken manure, 380 yuan/ton, 1.7 yuan/kilogram, urea, diammonium phosphate 4 yuan/kilogram, potassium sulfate 4.5 yuan of/kilogram of meter.
As seen from Table 1, peasant tomato habits fertilization is excessive, and the nitrogen phosphorus fertilizer in habits fertilization reduces 25%, and tomato yield is than habits fertilization output volume increase 2.2%, and mu abridged edition increases income 545 yuan.Habits fertilization+fiery excrement process is than habits fertilization volume increase 6.6%, and mu saves fertilizer cost 609 yuan, and tomato increases income 1440.7 yuan, and mu cost-saving synergistic reaches 2049.7 yuan; Decrement fertilising+fiery excrement process is than habits fertilization volume increase 10.7%, and tomato increases income 2331.8 yuan, and mu saves fertilizer cost 694.5 yuan, and mu cost-saving synergistic reaches 3026.3 yuan; Decrement fertilising+fiery excrement process is than decrement fertilising volume increase 8.4%, and mu saves fertilizer cost 609 yuan, and tomato increases income 1862.3, and mu cost-saving synergistic reaches 2471.3 yuan.Namely the technology of the present invention executes use at vegetable grower's habits fertilization and decrement, tomato production promoting increases income all very remarkable: technology provided by the invention can make tomato production promoting 6.6%-10.7%, mu abridged edition increases income 2049.7 yuan-3026.3 yuan, fire excrement processing cost by 400 yuan/mu, for vegetable grower creates net income 1649.7-2636.3 unit.Economic benefit is fairly obvious, and promotion prospect is wide.
Embodiment two
Test site: in Chaohu Xiao Zhang village, Looking-for-anything town, front stubble, paddy rice.
Test soil: paddy soil.
For examination vegetables: for examination tomato variety: 202, planting density, 2200 plants/acre.Greenhouse gardening, tomato transplanting time on December 26th, 2013, on May 30th, 2014, tamato fruit was gathered end.
Test processing method: with embodiment one.
The fiery excrement process of table 2 is on tomato yield impact and Economic and Efficiency Analysis
Note: tomato average price 3.2 yuan of/kilogram of meter, chicken manure, 380 yuan/ton, 1.7 yuan/kilogram, urea, diammonium phosphate 4 yuan/kilogram, potassium sulfate 4.5 yuan of/kilogram of meter.
As seen from Table 2, peasant habit fertilising tomato yield and decrement fertilization effect about the same, again show that vegetable grower's habits fertilization exceedes the fertilizing amount of tomato high yield needs.Identical with embodiment 1, habits fertilization+fiery excrement process is than habits fertilization volume increase 5.3%, and mu saves fertilizer cost 609 yuan, and tomato increases income 1173.9 yuan, and mu cost-saving synergistic reaches 1782.9 yuan; Decrement fertilising+fiery excrement process is than habits fertilization volume increase 13.8%, and mu saves fertilizer cost 694.5 yuan, and tomato increases income 3041.5 yuan, and mu cost-saving synergistic reaches 3736 yuan; Decrement fertilising+fiery excrement process is than decrement fertilising volume increase 13.4%, and mu saves fertilizer cost 609 yuan, and tomato increases income 2956.1 yuan, and mu cost-saving synergistic reaches 3565.1 yuan.Technology tomato production promoting provided by the invention increases income very remarkable: method provided by the invention can make tomato production promoting 5.3%-13.4%, mu abridged edition increases income 1782.9 yuan-3736 yuan, if fiery excrement processing cost is by 400 yuan/mu, for vegetable grower creates net income 1382.9-3336 unit.Technology provided by the invention is that vegetable increase production increases income and provides new technology, and promotion prospect is wide.
The present invention is not limited to above-mentioned preferred forms; anyone can draw other various forms of products under enlightenment of the present invention; no matter but any change is done in its shape or structure; every have identical with the application or akin technical scheme, all drops within protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. utilize fiery excrement to improve a method for yield of vegetables and economic benefit, it is characterized in that, before planting vegetable, soil is carried out fiery excrement process, crops straw consumption 50-80 kilogram/10 square metres soil; By growing vegetables requirement, carry out smooth to fiery excrement process soil, bedding.
2. a kind of method utilizing fiery excrement to improve yield of vegetables and economic benefit according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, included on 5 square metres of soil by stalk uniform spreading, other 5 square metres of 0-20cm topsoil soils are turned over above stalk, form a hill, keep surrounding stalk to be exposed.
3. a kind of method utilizing fiery excrement to improve yield of vegetables and economic benefit according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, described mound can be round or square.
4. according to the arbitrary a kind of described method utilizing fiery excrement to improve yield of vegetables and economic benefit of claim 1-3, it is characterized in that, light the stalk that surrounding is exposed, when burning stalk inside soil, the soil be added in above stalk falls down, be embedded in by stalk in soil, the straw burning speed inside soil slows down; Stalk is transformed into imperfect combustion by Thorough combustion, and part stalk generates the biomass carbon of stable in properties; Every 3-5 hour, cleaning mound once.
5. according to the arbitrary a kind of described method utilizing fiery excrement to improve yield of vegetables and economic benefit of claim 1-4, it is characterized in that, described cleaning mound method is all cleared out together with the soil that mound falls down by 15cm soil under stalk, mound surrounding is made again to expose stalk, conflagration after stalk chance oxygen, proceed to imperfect combustion again after a period of time, move in circles, all burn to the stalk be embedded in soil.
6. according to the arbitrary a kind of described method utilizing fiery excrement to improve yield of vegetables and economic benefit of claim 1-5, it is characterized in that, described crops straw is rice straw or wheat stalk or maize straw, uses after crops straw drying.
7., according to the arbitrary a kind of described method utilizing fiery excrement to improve yield of vegetables and economic benefit of claim 1-6, it is characterized in that, the soil moisture content of described fiery excrement process should lower than field capacity 70%.
8., according to the arbitrary a kind of described method utilizing fiery excrement to improve yield of vegetables and economic benefit of claim 1-7, it is characterized in that, use base manure after the process of soil fire excrement and topdress, described fertilizer is vegetables nitrogen phosphorus fertilizer, not application of organic fertilizers and potash fertilizer.
9. according to the arbitrary a kind of described method utilizing fiery excrement to improve yield of vegetables and economic benefit of claim 1-8, it is characterized in that, described base manure consists of Chicken dung 750 kgs/acre, urea 20-38 kg/acre, diammonium phosphate 30-50 kg/acre, ploughs under in soil after above-mentioned fertilizer mixing being spread fertilizer over the fields.
10. according to the arbitrary a kind of described method utilizing fiery excrement to improve yield of vegetables and economic benefit of claim 1-9, it is characterized in that, described topdressing for three times imposes fertilizer and quantity is as follows: the first fringe fruit expanding stage topdressing amount: urea 10-24 kg/acre, diammonium phosphate 5-10 kg/acre; Second fringe fruit expanding stage topdressing amount: urea 6-10 kg/acre, diammonium phosphate 10-15 kg/acre; Sansui fruit expanding stage topdressing amount: urea 5-15 kg/acre.
CN201510350807.2A 2015-06-23 2015-06-23 A kind of method that yield of vegetables and economic benefit are improved using fiery excrement Expired - Fee Related CN104904485B (en)

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101983546A (en) * 2010-09-02 2011-03-09 安徽省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 Method for preventing and curing vegetable soil continuous cropping obstacle by crop straw
CN102976812A (en) * 2012-10-31 2013-03-20 高金菊 Method for producing biomass fertilizer by using straw
CN103467192A (en) * 2013-08-30 2013-12-25 新疆农业科学院土壤肥料与农业节水研究所 Method for preparing biochar-base fertilizer from cotton straws
CN104126402A (en) * 2014-07-30 2014-11-05 江西省棉花研究所 Waste land crop single-sowing full stand method
CN104221671A (en) * 2014-09-01 2014-12-24 巫溪县清渠种植股份专业合作社 Planting method for Daningcodonopsispilosula

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101983546A (en) * 2010-09-02 2011-03-09 安徽省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 Method for preventing and curing vegetable soil continuous cropping obstacle by crop straw
CN102976812A (en) * 2012-10-31 2013-03-20 高金菊 Method for producing biomass fertilizer by using straw
CN103467192A (en) * 2013-08-30 2013-12-25 新疆农业科学院土壤肥料与农业节水研究所 Method for preparing biochar-base fertilizer from cotton straws
CN104126402A (en) * 2014-07-30 2014-11-05 江西省棉花研究所 Waste land crop single-sowing full stand method
CN104221671A (en) * 2014-09-01 2014-12-24 巫溪县清渠种植股份专业合作社 Planting method for Daningcodonopsispilosula

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