CN104891661A - Artificial paddy wetland system and method for controlling the non-point source pollution of paddy field - Google Patents
Artificial paddy wetland system and method for controlling the non-point source pollution of paddy field Download PDFInfo
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- CN104891661A CN104891661A CN201510245277.5A CN201510245277A CN104891661A CN 104891661 A CN104891661 A CN 104891661A CN 201510245277 A CN201510245277 A CN 201510245277A CN 104891661 A CN104891661 A CN 104891661A
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- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of non-point source pollution control, and discloses a method for controlling the non-point source pollution of paddy field, artificial paddy wetland system, and a paddy field wetland system for improving the P and N utilization rate of paddy field. The system structure uses the paddy field as the upper stream, and a paddy field wetland is constructed in the drainage downstream of the paddy field along the river. The surface of the paddy field wetland soil is 25-32cm lower than surface of the paddy field soil, and the area of the paddy field wetland is 3%-5% of the paddy field; the paddy filed wetland and paddy field are separated by the isolation ridge; paddy field ridges are around the paddy field, and paddy field wetland ridges are around the paddy field wetland; an irrigation ditch is arranged along one side of the paddy field and the paddy field wetland, and a drainage ditch is arranged on the other side. The method uses the paddy field to block, absorb and utilize the pollutant substances in the water, in order to reduce the pollutant substances in the output water; the paddy rice planted in the paddy field wetland uses the N, P and other elements in the drain away water from upstream paddy field as the source of nutrients, so as to increase the utilization rate of N and P in the paddy field.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of surface source pollution control technology, particularly one controls rice field pollution of area source, improves the rice field wet land system of rice field N, P utilization ratio, is applicable to the area that N, P easily run off.
Background technology
Artificial Wetland Techniques is widely used in China due to features such as its investment are low, energy consumption is low, processing cost is low.But traditional artificial wet land system is common in the process of the higher sewage of COD, BOD and SS value, as CN104261635A discloses a kind of artificial swamp carrying out high-efficient purification for sanitary sewage.CN104291445A, for the sewage disposal of NOX, low C/N ratio at high proportion, discloses a kind of plant carbon source heterotrophism-sulphur autotrophy and raises together with denitrification artificial swamp.CN104211262A, for rural domestic sewage treatment, discloses a kind of sewage ecological treatment system being applicable to the source of sewage process of some peasant households, and reaches good wastewater treatment efficiency.CN103708624A discloses a kind of confession hypoxgia for existing in sewage disposal prior art, the artificial wet land system of the problems such as purification efficiency is low.CN103387320A discloses one to be had and not easily blocks, the artificial wet land system of the advantages such as the removal effect for pollutent is good, system self-recovery ability is strong.
But nearly all artificial wet land system includes Inlet and outlet water treatment unit and stabilization pond, this controls not to be optimum selection for the agricultural non-point pollution run off based on nutritive substances such as N, P.
Given this, the research that the rice field wetland that this test construction cost is cheap has carried out the interception mechanism of nitrogen phosphorus in paddy field drainage, construct a kind of novel method controlling rice field pollution of area source, for the technological approaches of applicable China's actual conditions and region feature is sought in agricultural non-point pollution control.
Summary of the invention
The present invention aims to provide a kind of artificial rice field wetland that adopts to control the method for agricultural non-point pollution, and improves rice field N, P utilization ratio.
A kind of artificial rice field wet land system, it is characterized in that, structure comprises rice field and rice field wetland; Soil surface 25 ~ the 32cm lower than the soil surface in rice field of rice field wetland, rice field Wetland Area is 3% ~ 5% of rice field area;
Separate to isolate ridge between rice field wetland and rice field; The surrounding in described rice field is rice field ridge, and the surrounding of rice field wetland is rice field wetland ridge;
Side along rice field and rice field wetland is provided with irrigation ditch, and opposite side is provided with escape canal, and the bottom of described escape canal is downward-sloping gradually to wetland place, rice field from rice field; In described irrigation ditch and be positioned at isolation ridge place be provided with sluice; The close rice field ridge end of described irrigation ditch is provided with water feed apparatus, and the other end of this irrigation ditch is provided with water port;
Several runoff pipes are provided with in the rice field ridge level being positioned at escape canal side; The tube wall bottom level of described runoff pipe is than the soil surface height 5-7cm in rice field;
Be provided with wetland water inlet pipe at the wetland ridge place, rice field being positioned at escape canal side, this wetland water inlet pipe is connected with intake pump; The rice field wetland ridge being positioned at irrigation ditch side is provided with water shoot;
Described water feed apparatus is made up of irrigation pump and irrigation pipe, and the water outlet of this irrigation pipe is positioned at rice field.
The length of described artificial rice field wet land system is 250-300 rice, and wide is 50-60 rice.
The height of described rice field ridge is higher than paddy soil surface 25-35cm.
The angle of inclination of the bottom of described escape canal is 5-15 °, after the water in such rice field enters escape canal, takes advantage of a situation and flows to rice field wetland end.
Conventionally rice cultivation in rice field; Preferably, in the wetland of rice field, rice cultivation spends excellent 14, and its seeding row spacing is 28-35cm, and strain spacing is 10-15cm, is conducive to the growth of paddy rice.
Controlling a method for agricultural non-point pollution, it is characterized in that, take rice field as upstream, and at structure rice field, the draining downstream wetland in rice field, rice field wetland is built in by river course;
Soil surface 25 ~ the 32cm lower than the soil surface in rice field of rice field wetland, rice field Wetland Area is 3% ~ 5% of rice field area; Separate to isolate ridge between rice field wetland and rice field; The surrounding in described rice field is rice field ridge, and the surrounding of rice field wetland is rice field wetland ridge; Side along rice field and rice field wetland is provided with irrigation ditch, and opposite side is provided with escape canal, and the bottom of described escape canal is downward-sloping gradually to wetland place, rice field from rice field; In described irrigation ditch and be positioned at isolation ridge place be provided with sluice; The close rice field ridge end of described irrigation ditch is provided with water feed apparatus, and the other end of this irrigation ditch is provided with water port;
Be provided with several runoff pipes in the rice field ridge level being positioned at escape canal side, the quantity of runoff pipe is 1-5.The tube wall bottom level of described runoff pipe is than the soil surface height 5-7cm in rice field.When the water surface elevation in rice field arrives 5-7cm, water just flows to escape canal and has suffered from runoff pipe.Can ensure that the rice shoot in rice field can not had by water logging and extremely, is conducive to the healthy growth of rice shoot like this.
Be provided with wetland water inlet pipe at the wetland ridge place, rice field being positioned at escape canal side, this wetland water inlet pipe is connected with intake pump; The rice field wetland ridge being positioned at irrigation ditch side is provided with water shoot;
Pass through water feed apparatus, water is introduced in rice field, when the water in rice field is too high, by in runoff pipe person who lives in exile escape canal, the bottom of escape canal is downward-sloping, and the water in escape canal is taken advantage of a situation and trickled downwards, squeeze in the wetland of rice field by intake pump, when needing draining, open the water shoot on the rice field wetland ridge of offside, and finally flow in river course from water port.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention is: the paddy rice planted in the wetland of rice field of the present invention is to originate from the draining after the Irrigated paddy field of upstream as irrigation water and fertilizer, by rice field itself to the stop of water pollution material, absorption and utilization, reach to reduce and discharge pollution substance in water body, and improve the object of rice field N, P utilization ratio, minimizing peasant production loss.In draining in rice field, upstream, the elements such as N, P containing fertilizer, just in time as the nutritive element of paddy rice in wetland, thus reach few discharge of polluting in rice field, or even zero release.Meanwhile, the paddy rice planted in the wetland of rice field using elements such as N, the P in the paddy field drainage of upstream as natural nutrition source, obtains certain economic benefit again.Therefore, artificial rice field wet land system well can not only control rice field N, P and to run off the pollution of area source caused water body, can also realize the volume increase of paddy rice simultaneously, have again certain economic worth.
Accompanying drawing illustrates:
Fig. 1 is the vertical view of the present invention artificial rice field wet land system.
Fig. 2 is the cross sectional view of artificial rice field wet land system on A-A direction.
Fig. 3 is the cross sectional view of artificial rice field wet land system on A '-A ' direction.
Wherein, 1-rice field, 2-rice field wetland, 3-irrigation ditch, 4-escape canal, 5-sluice, 101-isolation ridge, 102-rice field ridge, 201-rice field wetland ridge, 202-wetland water inlet pipe, 203-intake pump, 204-water shoot, 205-irrigation pump, 206-irrigation pipe, 301-water port, 401-runoff pipe.
Fig. 4 is the effect schematic diagram of rice field wetland interception N, P, is respectively the interception rate to NH4-N (ammonia-state nitrogen), NO3-N (nitric nitrogen), TN (total nitrogen), DP (titanium pigment), TP (total phosphorus).
Fig. 5 is rice field wetland, rice field and do not use the Paddy Output of fertilizer.
Embodiment
Following examples further illustrate of the present invention, instead of limitation of the present invention.
By control widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area of the present invention, the artificial rice field wetland improving farmland N, P utilization ratio is applied to somewhere widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area Interception engineering research experiment.Research range is about 270 meters, wide about 55.5 meters; Be divided into rice field and rice field wetland, wherein, the length in rice field is 260 meters, the length of rice field wetland 10 meters, both width about 55.5 meters, the total area 1.4985 square kilometres (22.48 mu).Rice field is upstream, and at structure rice field, the draining downstream wetland in rice field, rice field wetland is built in by river course.
As shown in Figure 1, 2, 3, the soil surface of rice field wetland 2 30cm lower than the soil surface in rice field 1.Separate to isolate ridge 101 between rice field wetland 2 and rice field 1; The surrounding in described rice field 1 is rice field ridge 102, and the height of rice field ridge is higher than paddy soil surface 30cm.The surrounding of rice field wetland 2 is rice field wetland ridge 201;
Side along rice field and rice field wetland is provided with irrigation ditch 3, and opposite side is provided with escape canal 4, and the bottom of described escape canal 4 is downward-sloping gradually to wetland place, rice field from rice field, and angle of inclination is 5-15 °; In described irrigation ditch 3 and be positioned at isolation ridge 101 place be provided with sluice 5; The close rice field ridge end of described irrigation ditch 3 is provided with irrigation pump 205 and irrigation pipe 206, and the water outlet of this irrigation pipe 206 is positioned at rice field 1, and the other end of this irrigation ditch 3 is provided with water port 301;
5 runoff pipes 401 are provided with in the rice field ridge level being positioned at escape canal 4 side; The tube wall bottom level of described runoff pipe 401 is than the soil surface height 5-7cm in rice field 1;
Be provided with wetland water inlet pipe 202 at wetland ridge 201 place, rice field being positioned at escape canal 4 side, this wetland water inlet pipe is connected with intake pump 203; The rice field wetland ridge 201 being positioned at irrigation ditch 3 side is provided with water shoot 204;
Conventionally rice cultivation in rice field; In the wetland of rice field, rice cultivation spends excellent 14, and seeding row spacing is 12*30cm.
Owing to there being certain angle of inclination bottom escape canal, therefore, the water of the discharge in rice field, upstream is taken advantage of a situation and is flowed to the escape canal of rice field wetland, is directly introduced in the wetland of rice field by pump 203, and the paddy rice planted in the wetland of rice field is using the draining after the irrigation of paddy fields of upstream as irrigation water and fertilizer source.
When rice field wetland needs draining, by being positioned at the rice field wetland drainage pipe 204 on the wetland ridge of offside rice field, water in the wetland of discharge rice field, water enters in irrigation ditch 3, because the stop of sluice 5, discharge water is intercepted wetland place, the rice field section at irrigation ditch 3, flows in river course eventually through discharge outlet.
Through above-mentioned ecosystem process, the N and P losses in rice field, upstream and discharge can be controlled, alleviate irrigation water and discharge source, the face contact scar that water body is caused.
As shown in Figure 1, conveniently, artificial rice field wet land system can be arranged on limit, river course.The wherein upstream of wetland position in rice field in river course and the downstream in rice field, can separate with sluice 8 between the irrigation ditch in rice field and rice field wetland drainage canal.Irrigation water, through the process of rice field and rice field wetland, can be discharged in river course from rice field wetland drainage canal.
During Rice Cropping, and between quantity of precipitation larger 6-10 month, the water inlet of rice field wetland and the water outlet composition of each N and P in period water body that rains is analyzed, mainly comprises total phosphorus, titanium pigment, total nitrogen, ammonia-state nitrogen and nitric nitrogen.Analytical results is shown in shown in Fig. 4, Fig. 5.
Experimental result shows, this ecological intercepting blocking system is best for the control effects of rice field ammonia-state nitrogen and nitric nitrogen, and average removal rate is for reaching about 50%.Removal effect for P is taken second place, but also reaches more than 20%.Meanwhile, during the use chemical fertilizer of rice field, upstream, output 8138kg/hm
2; The rice field wetland results paddy rice 6750kg/hm in downstream
2, volume increase 4.44% compared with the rice field of not applying fertilizer.Therefore, the above-mentioned ecosystem and method can improve farmland N, P utilization ratio, well control rice field N, P and to run off the pollution of area source caused water body, and make increasing production of rice, have certain economic worth.
Claims (7)
1. an artificial rice field wet land system, is characterized in that, structure comprises rice field (1) and rice field wetland (2); Soil surface 25 ~ the 32cm lower than the soil surface of rice field (1) of rice field wetland (2), rice field Wetland Area is 3% ~ 5% of rice field area;
Separate to isolate ridge (101) between rice field wetland (2) and rice field (1); The surrounding in described rice field (1) is rice field ridge (102), and the surrounding of rice field wetland (2) is rice field wetland ridge (201);
Side along rice field and rice field wetland is provided with irrigation ditch (3), and opposite side is provided with escape canal (4), and the bottom of described escape canal (4) is downward-sloping gradually to wetland place, rice field from rice field; In described irrigation ditch (3) and be positioned at isolation ridge (101) place be provided with sluice (5); The close rice field ridge end of described irrigation ditch (3) is provided with water feed apparatus, and the other end of this irrigation ditch (3) is provided with water port (301);
Several runoff pipes (401) are provided with in the rice field ridge level being positioned at escape canal (4) side; The tube wall bottom level of described runoff pipe (401) is than the soil surface height 5-7cm of rice field (1);
Be provided with wetland water inlet pipe (202) at wetland ridge (201) place, rice field being positioned at escape canal (4) side, this wetland water inlet pipe is connected with intake pump (203); Rice field wetland ridge (201) being positioned at irrigation ditch (3) side is provided with water shoot (204).
2. artificial rice field wet land system described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described water feed apparatus is made up of irrigation pump (205) and irrigation pipe (206), and the water outlet of this irrigation pipe (206) is positioned at rice field (1).
3. artificial rice field wet land system described in claim 1, is characterized in that, the length of described artificial rice field wet land system is 250-300 rice, and wide is 50-60 rice.
4. artificial rice field wet land system described in claim 1, is characterized in that, the height of rice field ridge is higher than paddy soil surface 25 ~ 35cm.
5. artificial rice field wet land system described in claim 1, is characterized in that, the angle of inclination of the bottom of escape canal (4) is 5-15 °.
6. artificial rice field wet land system described in claim 1, is characterized in that, the seeding row spacing of described rice field wetland (2) interior rice cultivation is 28-35cm, and strain spacing is 10-15cm.
7. controlling a method for agricultural non-point pollution, it is characterized in that, take rice field as upstream, and at structure rice field, the draining downstream wetland in rice field, rice field wetland is built in by river course;
Soil surface 25 ~ the 32cm lower than the soil surface of rice field (1) of rice field wetland (2), rice field Wetland Area is 3% ~ 5% of rice field area; Separate to isolate ridge (101) between rice field wetland (2) and rice field (1); The surrounding in described rice field (1) is rice field ridge (102), and the surrounding of rice field wetland (2) is rice field wetland ridge (201); Side along rice field and rice field wetland is provided with irrigation ditch (3), and opposite side is provided with escape canal (4), and the bottom of described escape canal (4) is downward-sloping gradually to wetland place, rice field from rice field; In described irrigation ditch (3) and be positioned at isolation ridge (101) place be provided with sluice (5); The close rice field ridge end of described irrigation ditch (3) is provided with water feed apparatus, and the other end of this irrigation ditch (3) is provided with water port (301);
Several runoff pipes (401) are provided with in the rice field ridge level being positioned at escape canal (4) side; The tube wall bottom level of described runoff pipe (401) is than the soil surface height 5-7cm of rice field (1); Be provided with wetland water inlet pipe (202) at wetland ridge (201) place, rice field being positioned at escape canal (4) side, this wetland water inlet pipe is connected with intake pump (203); Rice field wetland ridge (201) being positioned at irrigation ditch (3) side is provided with water shoot (204);
Pass through water feed apparatus, water is introduced in rice field (1), when the water in rice field is too high, by in runoff pipe (401) person who lives in exile's escape canal (4), the bottom of escape canal (4) is downward-sloping, water in escape canal (4) is taken advantage of a situation and is trickled downwards, squeeze in rice field wetland (2) by intake pump (203), when needing draining, open the water vent (204) on the rice field wetland ridge of offside, and finally flow in river course from water port (301).
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Cited By (9)
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| CN105585130A (en) * | 2016-01-22 | 2016-05-18 | 河海大学 | Drainage control-purification compound system for paddy-upland rotation farmland and implementation method |
| CN105753159A (en) * | 2016-03-21 | 2016-07-13 | 重庆市环境科学研究院 | Construction method of hydro-fluctuation belt terrace constructed wetland capable of purifying non-point source pollution |
| CN106922240A (en) * | 2017-03-06 | 2017-07-07 | 江苏省农业科学院 | A kind of coastal saline-alkali soil cultivating layer quick desalination method and application |
| CN108163987A (en) * | 2018-03-06 | 2018-06-15 | 马鞍山市华越水生态环境有限公司 | A kind of artificial swamp method of construction of agricultural production pollution of area source comprehensive treatment |
| CN108166464A (en) * | 2018-02-01 | 2018-06-15 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 | A kind of rice field face source sewage, which fills to store, teases and ridicule control cleaning system |
| CN108967125A (en) * | 2018-07-09 | 2018-12-11 | 安徽省雷氏农业科技有限公司 | A kind of irrigation of paddy fields device and its application method |
| US10414679B2 (en) | 2016-01-18 | 2019-09-17 | Zhejiang University | Integrated device and method for eliminating initial runoff pollution |
| CN110981097A (en) * | 2019-12-17 | 2020-04-10 | 武汉理工大学 | Multistage ecosystem that prevents and control agricultural non-point source phosphorus and run off |
| CN114158518A (en) * | 2021-12-14 | 2022-03-11 | 中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所 | Method for dissolving fishpond tail water in rice field |
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| US10414679B2 (en) | 2016-01-18 | 2019-09-17 | Zhejiang University | Integrated device and method for eliminating initial runoff pollution |
| CN105585130B (en) * | 2016-01-22 | 2017-12-26 | 河海大学 | The draining control purification hybrid system and implementation in a kind of rice field-upland field rotation farmland |
| CN105585130A (en) * | 2016-01-22 | 2016-05-18 | 河海大学 | Drainage control-purification compound system for paddy-upland rotation farmland and implementation method |
| CN105753159B (en) * | 2016-03-21 | 2018-06-19 | 重庆市环境科学研究院 | A kind of falling zone step artificial swamp construction method for purifying pollution of area source |
| CN105753159A (en) * | 2016-03-21 | 2016-07-13 | 重庆市环境科学研究院 | Construction method of hydro-fluctuation belt terrace constructed wetland capable of purifying non-point source pollution |
| CN106922240A (en) * | 2017-03-06 | 2017-07-07 | 江苏省农业科学院 | A kind of coastal saline-alkali soil cultivating layer quick desalination method and application |
| CN108166464A (en) * | 2018-02-01 | 2018-06-15 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 | A kind of rice field face source sewage, which fills to store, teases and ridicule control cleaning system |
| CN108163987A (en) * | 2018-03-06 | 2018-06-15 | 马鞍山市华越水生态环境有限公司 | A kind of artificial swamp method of construction of agricultural production pollution of area source comprehensive treatment |
| CN108163987B (en) * | 2018-03-06 | 2020-12-15 | 马鞍山市华越水生态环境有限公司 | Constructed wetland construction method for comprehensive treatment of agricultural production non-point source pollution |
| CN108967125A (en) * | 2018-07-09 | 2018-12-11 | 安徽省雷氏农业科技有限公司 | A kind of irrigation of paddy fields device and its application method |
| CN110981097A (en) * | 2019-12-17 | 2020-04-10 | 武汉理工大学 | Multistage ecosystem that prevents and control agricultural non-point source phosphorus and run off |
| CN114158518A (en) * | 2021-12-14 | 2022-03-11 | 中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所 | Method for dissolving fishpond tail water in rice field |
| CN114158518B (en) * | 2021-12-14 | 2023-10-27 | 中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所 | Method for absorbing fishpond tail water in paddy field |
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