CN104885610A - Method for controlling salinity of saline and alkaline land - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for controlling salinity of a saline and alkaline land. The method comprises the steps of: adopting a way of covering ridges with films and putting straws below ridges, that is to say, paving straws below ridges, and covering the ridges with films to prevent salinity of soil from moving upwards. The provided method for controlling salinity of the saline and alkaline land has the beneficial effects that: 1) straws are paved below the ridges to prevent salinity from moving upwards; 2) the ridges are covered with films, so that effects of temperature increase and preservation of soil moisture are obtained, floor evaporation is reduced, and salinity is prevented from moving towards the earth surface along with capillary water; 3) straws deeply buried in soil can generate organic acid and active organic substances in the decay process, so that the soil can be fertilized, and local salinization environment is improved.

Description

The method of a kind of saline land salinity resistance control

Technical field

The present invention relates to land improvement field, be specifically related to the method for a kind of saline land salinity resistance control.

Background technology

It is the principal element affecting crop yield and utilization rate of fertilizer that north arid oasis Water Resources Irrigation lacks.Ridge furrow irrigation has reformed Ground Irrigation Techniques, ridge culture planting technology and furrow irrigation side technology of oozing are organically combined, the deep percolation decreasing soil water evaporation and pour water, improves availability and the utilization ratio of irrigation water, is the farmland water-saving culture technique of simple and practical a, water-saving efficient.But in actual application, also there are some problems, as face, ridge polysalt phenomenon, particularly show more outstanding on salination is ploughed.

Summary of the invention

Object of the present invention is exactly for above-mentioned defect of the prior art, providing the method for a kind of saline land salinity resistance control, by burying overlay film on stalk, ridge in lower berth, ridge, to stop soil salt upwards to be migrated, thus guaranteeing crop yield.

To achieve these goals, technical scheme provided by the invention is: the method for a kind of saline land salinity resistance control, and be the method for straw under the film of employing ridge, namely bury stalk in lower berth, ridge, on ridge, overlay film is upwards migrated to stop soil salt.

Further, the method for above-mentioned a kind of saline land salinity resistance control, comprises the following steps:

1) stalk paving is buried:

After spring or land readjustment in autumn, the wheat smashed in advance or maize straw is evenly laid on earth's surface, during ridging, stalk is embedded in below topsoil 20cm, form the salinity barrier layer of thickness about 8 ~ 10cm, carry out earth's surface afterwards and harrow the smooth and overlay film of a kind of farm tools, fertilising and artificial dibbling, the stalk paving amount of burying is 7500kg/hm ², add 1kg urea according to every 100kg stalk and regulate C/N ratio;

2) ridging overlay film:

Before corn seeding, 5 ~ 7d corn ridging laminating machine is disposable completes ridging film coating operation, ridging requires ridge width 100cm, row spacing 60cm, furrow width 40cm, ridge height 20cm, after ridging, face, ridge is smooth, with the face, plastic mulching ridge of fabric width 90cm, thickness 0.005 ~ 0.006mm, and at face every 2m firming waistband;

3) Fruit variety:

On the newly-ploughed saline land of height above sea level 1600-1800 rice, select medium variety; In height above sea level less than 1600 meters, on slight secondary salinization arable land, select late variety;

4) sow:

Corn is upper April, sowing in the middle ten days, and 2 row are planted in face, ridge, line-spacing 50cm, spacing in the rows 25cm, thickness of sowing 6.75 ten thousand strains/hm ², 2 ~ 3, every cave seed, seed level 4 ~ 5cm;

5) apply fertilizer:

The fertilizing amount of maize planting is the fertile 45t/hm of agriculture ², all as base manure; Chemical fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer application 300 ~ 375kg/hm ², phosphate fertilizer 120 ~ 150kg/hm ², wherein phosphate fertilizer is all as base manure, nitrogenous fertilizer 40% as base manure, all the other 60% combine to pour water in the corn typhon mouth phase and impose, and topdress and spread manuer in holes in furrow inner membrance side;

6) pour water:

Being suitable for irrigation quantity the time of infertility is 4800m ³/ hm ², pour water 4 times, allocation proportion of pouring water is for emerging to jointing 15%, jointing to taking out hero 28%, taking out hero to milking maturity 35%, milking maturity to ripe 22%; Pour water and adopt little water flood irrigation, irrigation ditch;

7) field management:

Abolish in time and harden, look into that seedling is filled the gaps with seedlings, impurity elimination final singling, pull out in time and tiller, irrigate in good time, topdress, strengthen weeds in field and the extermination of disease and insect pest.

The method of a kind of saline land provided by the invention salinity resistance control, its beneficial effect is:

1, lower berth, ridge is buried stalk and is prevented salinity upwards to migrate;

2, on ridge, overlay film has Meteorological effect effect, decreases evaporation from land surface simultaneously, prevents salinity to migrate to earth's surface with capillary water;

3, buried stalk in soil can produce organic acid and acitve organic matter matter in decay process, can fertilizing soil and improvement local salination environment.

Embodiment

embodiment 1:

After land readjustment in spring, evenly lay the wheat stalk smashed in advance on earth's surface, during ridging, stalk is embedded in below topsoil 20cm, form the salinity barrier layer that thickness is about 10cm, the stalk paving amount of burying is 7500kg/hm ², add 1kg urea according to every 100kg stalk and regulate C/N ratio.Before corn seeding, 5 ~ 7d corn ridging laminating machine is disposable completes ridging film coating operation, row spacing 60cm, furrow width 40cm, ridge height 20cm, overlay film on ridge.Corn sowing mid-April, 2 row are planted in face, ridge, line-spacing 50cm, spacing in the rows 25cm, thickness of sowing 6.75 ten thousand strains/hm ².Fertilizing amount is the fertile 45t/hm of agriculture ², entirely do base and execute; N 375kg/hm executed by chemical fertilizer ², P2O5 120kg/hm ², wherein phosphate fertilizer all makes base manure, and 40% of nitrogenous fertilizer does base and executes, and all the other 60% to combine in the corn typhon mouth phase and pour water and impose, and topdress and spread manuer in holes in furrow inner membrance side.The time of infertility is suitable for the 4800m that pours water ³/ hm ², pour water 4 times, allocation proportion of pouring water is seedling stage 15%, shooting stage 28%, typhon mouth phase 35%, milk ripe stage 22%, little water flood irrigation unrestrained ridge when pouring water, and later stage field management and tradition put down that to make flood irrigation corn identical.Result shows, under the film of ridge, straw water saving control salt cultivation method and tradition are put down and done compared with flood irrigation cultivation method, and corn yield adds 14.5%, and topsoil soils salt content declines 31.2%, water saving 80m ³/ mu.

embodiment 2:

After land readjustment in spring, evenly lay the wheat stalk smashed in advance on earth's surface, during ridging, stalk is embedded in below topsoil 20cm, form the salinity barrier layer that thickness is about 5cm, the stalk paving amount of burying is 3750kg/hm ², add 1kg urea according to every 100kg stalk and regulate C/N ratio.Other ridging, sowing, apply fertilizer, pour water, field management measure is with embodiment 1.Result shows, under the film of ridge, straw water saving control salt cultivation method and tradition are put down and done compared with flood irrigation cultivation method, and corn yield adds 6.8%, and topsoil soils salt content declines 22.5%, water saving 80m ³/ mu.

embodiment 3:

After land readjustment in autumn, evenly lay the maize straw smashed in advance on earth's surface, during ridging, stalk is embedded in below topsoil 20cm, form the salinity barrier layer that thickness is about 10cm, the stalk paving amount of burying is 7500kg/hm ², add 1kg urea according to every 100kg stalk and regulate C/N ratio.Other ridging, sowing, apply fertilizer, pour water, field management measure is with embodiment 1.Result shows, under the film of ridge, straw water saving control salt cultivation method and tradition are put down and done compared with flood irrigation cultivation method, and corn yield adds 19.7%, and topsoil soils salt content declines 28.6%, water saving 80m ³/ mu.

embodiment 4:

After land readjustment in autumn, evenly lay the maize straw smashed in advance on earth's surface, during ridging, stalk is embedded in below topsoil 20cm, form the salinity barrier layer that thickness is about 5cm, the stalk paving amount of burying is 3750kg/hm ², add 1kg urea according to every 100kg stalk and regulate C/N ratio.Other ridging, sowing, apply fertilizer, pour water, field management measure is with embodiment 1.Result shows, under the film of ridge, straw water saving control salt cultivation method and tradition are put down and done compared with flood irrigation cultivation method, and corn yield adds 7.8%, and topsoil soils salt content declines 24.3%, water saving 80m ³/ mu.

Under the film of ridge provided by the invention straw salinity resistance control method because of arable soil salt content height, stalk type, stalk paving bury thickness, stalk spreads and buries the difference of time etc. and different.In general, wheat stalk, thickness 8 ~ 10cm best results is buried with mild or moderate saline land, autumn, paving.

Last it is noted that the foregoing is only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, be not limited to the present invention, although with reference to previous embodiment to invention has been detailed description, for a person skilled in the art, it still can be modified to the technical scheme described in foregoing embodiments, or carries out equivalent replacement to wherein portion of techniques feature.Within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any amendment done, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (2)

1. a method for saline land salinity resistance control, is characterized in that, be the method for straw under the film of employing ridge, namely bury stalk in lower berth, ridge, on ridge, overlay film is upwards migrated to stop soil salt.

2. the method for a kind of saline land according to claim 1 salinity resistance control, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:

1) stalk paving is buried:

After spring or land readjustment in autumn, the wheat smashed in advance or maize straw is evenly laid on earth's surface, during ridging, stalk is embedded in below topsoil 20cm, form the salinity barrier layer of thickness about 8 ~ 10cm, carry out earth's surface afterwards and harrow the smooth and overlay film of a kind of farm tools, fertilising and artificial dibbling, the stalk paving amount of burying is 7500kg/hm ², add 1kg urea according to every 100kg stalk and regulate C/N ratio;

2) ridging overlay film:

Before corn seeding, 5 ~ 7d corn ridging laminating machine is disposable completes ridging film coating operation, ridging requires ridge width 100cm, row spacing 60cm, furrow width 40cm, ridge height 20cm, after ridging, face, ridge is smooth, with the face, plastic mulching ridge of fabric width 90cm, thickness 0.005 ~ 0.006mm, and at face every 2m firming waistband;

3) Fruit variety:

On the newly-ploughed saline land of height above sea level 1600-1800 rice, select medium variety; In height above sea level less than 1600 meters, on slight secondary salinization arable land, select late variety;

4) sow:

Corn is upper April, sowing in the middle ten days, and 2 row are planted in face, ridge, line-spacing 50cm, spacing in the rows 25cm, thickness of sowing 6.75 ten thousand strains/hm ², 2 ~ 3, every cave seed, seed level 4 ~ 5cm;

5) apply fertilizer:

The fertilizing amount of maize planting is the fertile 45t/hm of agriculture ², all as base manure; Chemical fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer application 300 ~ 375kg/hm ², phosphate fertilizer 120 ~ 150kg/hm ², wherein phosphate fertilizer is all as base manure, nitrogenous fertilizer 40% as base manure, all the other 60% combine to pour water in the corn typhon mouth phase and impose, and topdress and spread manuer in holes in furrow inner membrance side;

6) pour water:

Being suitable for irrigation quantity the time of infertility is 4800m ³/ hm ², pour water 4 times, allocation proportion of pouring water is for emerging to jointing 15%, jointing to taking out hero 28%, taking out hero to milking maturity 35%, milking maturity to ripe 22%; Pour water and adopt little water flood irrigation, irrigation ditch;

7) field management:

Abolish in time and harden, look into that seedling is filled the gaps with seedlings, impurity elimination final singling, pull out in time and tiller, irrigate in good time, topdress, strengthen weeds in field and the extermination of disease and insect pest.