CN104882186A - Super-longevity reactor core reactivity control and adjustment method - Google Patents
Super-longevity reactor core reactivity control and adjustment method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to a reactor core reactivity control and adjustment method, and specifically discloses a super-longevity reactor core reactivity control and adjustment method. The method specifically comprises the steps of (1) controlling a central control rod, a compensation rod and a safety rod so that a reactor core is in a critical state; (2) controlling the central control rod to enable to the reactor core to reach a critical state; (3) controlling the central control rod so that the reactor core can maintain in the critical state; (4) controlling the compensation rod so that the reactor core can maintain normal operation; (5) lifting the compensation rod to the top; (6) adding an upper beryllium sheet after complete release of the reaction of the compensation rod; and (7) repeating the steps (1) to (5) until the two compensation rods are lifted to the top for the second time. The method in the invention enables the reactor core of an anticancer nuclide neutron knife to have a high starting rate and a long service life.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to a kind of reactive regulating and controlling method of reactor core, be specifically related to a kind of anticancer nucleic neutron knife super-long service life phase reactor core reactivity and control and control method.
Background technology
Along with the exploitation of third generation boron-doping medicine and going deep into of fundamental research, the clinical treatment of boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is more and more brought into schedule.The special neutron source apparatus of BNCT of Efficient Operation, takes on except multifunctional medical application power except possessing, and own starts efficiency, is prior safeguard measure.The neutron streaming of current most of BNCT is drawn by research reactor, research reactor be different from nuclear power heap, it because of research object different, the use of heap is discontinuous.A certain item recent studies on object enter heap, will drop into " prepare-end " time for it, other research object must bear with, until take turns to heap.In addition general Study heap is separated by certain hour, as two weeks or one month, will cold fueling or batch turning, and with the consumption of compensatory reactionBu Changfanying.And the charging of reactor core one stove runs to the operation of reloading of final longer time of still needing in longevity.
The operation reactivity that micro-heap center-control rod was mainly born in the cycle of operation controls, and its excess reactivity is about 3.0mk, wherein day operation temperature effect with
135xe consumes 2.0mk,
149sm is poisoning is about 0.8mk.Through after a while start the negative reactivity brought due to burnup, reactor cannot maintain and even cannot start normal working time, now need shutdown to open heap push up and add upper beryllium sheet, the excess reactivity value (3.0mk) of the next cycle of operation is compensated by upper beryllium sheet, monthly all need to add beryllium sheet on certain thickness by standard operating condition, 10 cycles of operation in a year add beryllium sheet operation (upper beryllium sheet altogether 10mk is reactive) totally for 9 times, arrival longevity after date refuelling reactor core.Owing to adding beryllium sheet action need one week consuming time, the rate of starting of reactor only has an appointment 66%.
In prior art, when reactor core excess reactivity is not enough, above carry regulator, increase reactive, extend the reactor working time.Reactive regulator is carried to top, and excess reactivity is not enough, now needs to add upper beryllium sheet.The reactive regulator introduced can operation stove phase in longevity of proper extension reactor core, but reactive regulator needs manual operation, does not have feedback circuit and linkage, uses inconvenience.And adding that non-operating time loss that the troublesome operation such as beryllium sheet cause is almost identical with micro-heap, rate of starting is also not high.
BNCT neutron source will adapt to customary treatment, and existing operational mode is not difficult to reply do radical change.As the BNCT special medical facility can introducing hospital, the cost plenty of time is obviously irrational on operation with maintenance.Therefore gap internal structure and the operating mode of a kind of novel, long-lived phase are urgently provided, the whole time span of neutron source apparatus design phase in longevity, are used in treatment most possibly and irradiate.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of super-long service life phase reactor core reactivity to control and control method, the method anticancer nucleic neutron knife reactor core is started rate is high, Shou Qichang.
Realize the technical scheme of the object of the invention: a kind of super-long service life phase reactor core reactivity controls and control method, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) control center-control rod, shim rod, safety rod, make reactor core be in subcritical state;
(2) controlling center-control rod makes reactor core reach critical conditions;
(3) control center-control rod, be in critical conditions to maintain reactor core;
(4) control and compensation rod, normally runs to maintain reactor core;
(5) shim rod is promoted to top;
(6), after the reactivity of rod to be compensated all discharges, beryllium sheet is added;
(7) above-mentioned steps (1) ~ (5) are repeated, until two shim rod second time are promoted to top.
Described step (1) specifically comprises the following steps: center-control rod all inserts reactor core, and shim rod all inserts reactor core, and safety rod proposes reactor core, and reactor core is in subcritical state.
Described step (2) specifically comprises the following steps: promote center-control rod gradually, make reactor core reach critical conditions.
Described step (3) specifically comprises the following steps: continue to promote center-control rod gradually, after reactor core end of run, center-control rod inserts reactor core shutdown.
Described step (4) specifically comprises the following steps: carry on shim rod, release reaction, maintains reactor core and normally runs, namely perform above-mentioned steps (1) ~ step (3).
The motion of described shim rod is moved up and down by motor helical motion and is regulated.
Described step (5) specifically comprises the following steps: repeat above-mentioned steps (4), after a shim rod rises to top, promote another root shim rod, until two shim rods all rise to top.
Described step (6) specifically comprises the following steps: after the reactivity of rod to be compensated all discharges, top cover is opened in shutdown, disposablely fills it up with beryllium sheet, then inserts all lower for two shim rods.
Advantageous Effects of the present invention is:
(1) method of the present invention is by shim rod, will add the operation of beryllium sheet frequently and be reduced to lifting shim rod, this processing mode, and be easy to operation; In recycling, a large amount of reactivities is distributed to reactor core all parts by beryllium sheet, and the secondary realizing core life extends, and utilizes the shut down depth under newly establishing safety rod to ensure various operation and each operating mode, the phase in longevity of reactor is extended to 40 years.Meanwhile, even if core power improves 50%, the phase in longevity is increased to 40 years, still remains inherent safety, economy.
(2) excess reactivity needed for operation is stored in the shim rod of two certain equivalents, the motion of shim rod is moved up and down by motor helical motion and is regulated, in order to ensure safety, shim rod is only done appropriate slow motion in the anticancer nucleic neutron knife time of having a rest and is regulated, and can once withdraw from or insert reactor core unlike center-control rod and safety rod; This processing mode, simple to operate, maintain other structures of reactor core, change is not caused to reactor core, thus continue its economy, security.
(3) in method of the present invention, above beryllium layer is disposable is added to full-height, only operation is needed once within two about 40 years phases in longevity of reactor core, save shutdown maintenance time, the rate of starting that can improve on the one hand anticancer nucleic neutron knife device makes it drop into the more time in BNCT irradiations, and another aspect reduces the uncertainty and risk that core operation brings.
(4) of the present invention to arrange two safety rod total yields be 13.23mk, much larger than the 6.6mk of center-control rod, can ensure the shut down depth of anticancer nucleic neutron knife reactor core, increase its security.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the process flow diagram of a kind of super-long service life phase reactor core reactivity control provided by the present invention and control method;
Fig. 2 is reactor core and the accessory part vertical view of anticancer nucleic neutron knife provided by the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of center-control rod provided by the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of shim rod provided by the present invention and safety rod.
In figure: in figure: 1 is center-control rod, and 2 is fuel element, 3 is depleted uranium rod, and 4 is zirconium pull bar, and 5 is side beryllium reflector, 6 is safety rod, and 7 is shim rod, and 8 is termination, and 9 is plug, and 10 is involucrum, 11 hang head for counterweight, and 12 for assuring, and 13 is core body, and 14 is upper end plugs, and 15 is bottom end plug.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is described in further detail.
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, a kind of super-long service life phase reactor core reactivity provided by the present invention controls and control method, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) control center-control rod 1, shim rod 7, safety rod 6, make reactor core be in subcritical state
First before reactor startup, center-control rod 1 all inserts reactor core, and 2 shim rods 7 all insert reactor core, and 2 safety rods 6 propose reactor core, de-preservation, and reactor core is in subcritical state.
(2) controlling center-control rod 1 makes reactor core reach critical conditions
Promote center-control rod 1 gradually, introduce positive reactivity, make reactor core reach critical conditions, and with the Power operation of setting.
(3) control center-control rod 1, be in critical conditions to maintain reactor core
In reactor operation process, along with water temperature increases, because its negative reactivity effect introduces negative reactivity to reactor core, be in critical conditions to maintain reactor core, continue to promote center-control rod 1 gradually, after reactor core end of run, center-control rod 1 inserts reactor core shutdown.
(4) control and compensation rod 7, normally transports to maintain reactor core
After running for a long time, due to the intensification of burnup, reactor excess reactivity is not enough, the height that center-control rod 1 promotes increases, because excellent position cannot maintain the day operation time to top, now shutdown in causing reactor core to run, carry on shim rod 7, release appropriate reaction, maintains reactor core and normally runs, namely perform above-mentioned steps (1) ~ step (3).
The motion of shim rod 7 is moved up and down by motor helical motion and is regulated, in order to ensure safety, shim rod 7 is only done appropriate slow motion in the anticancer nucleic neutron knife time of having a rest and is regulated, and can once withdraw from or insert reactor core unlike center-control rod 1 and safety rod 6.
(5) shim rod 7 is promoted to top
Repeat above-mentioned steps (4), after a shim rod 7 rises to top, promote another root shim rod 7, until two shim rods 7 all rise to top.
(6), after the reactivity of excellent 7 to be compensated all discharges, beryllium sheet is added
After the reactivity of excellent 7 to be compensated all discharges, top cover is opened in shutdown, the disposable upper beryllium sheet filling it up with full-height, then inserts to absorb the reactivity of adding by all lower for two shim rods 7.
(7) repeat above-mentioned steps (1) ~ (5), until two shim rods 7 second time is promoted to top, reactor core reactive not enough time, then change reactor fuel assembly or retired.
As shown in Figure 2, be provided with fuel assembly in side beryllium reflector 5, this fuel assembly comprises fuel element 2, depleted uranium rod 3, zirconium pull bar 4.
Center-control rod 1, safety rod 6, shim rod 7, the structure of upper beryllium sheet and effect is introduced respectively below in conjunction with accompanying drawing 2,3,4.
As shown in Figure 2, center-control rod 1 is positioned at the control rod guide tube of reactor core central authorities, mainly bear the day operation reactive temperature consumption of three hours and poisonous substance consumption, its equivalent is considered as follows: anticancer nucleic neutron knife day operation three hours, initial temperature 20 DEG C, under steady working condition, coolant inlet temperature is 36.8 DEG C, outlet temperature is 68.4 DEG C, its coolant heat-up is (36.8+68.4)/2-20=32.6 DEG C, between 20 DEG C ~ 60 DEG C, the average temperature coefficient of water is-1.583E-04/ DEG C, and therefore the reactivity consumption of cooling medium is-5.1606mk.Under steady working condition, fuel temperature reaches 86 DEG C, temperature rise 66 DEG C, and between 20 DEG C ~ 100 DEG C, the average temperature coefficient of fuel is-1.435E-05/ DEG C, and the reactivity consumption of fuel is :-0.01435 × 66=-0.9471mk.According to MCNPX+CINDER for poisoning result of calculation, neutron source apparatus runs 2h and the 4h poisoning negative reactivity caused and is respectively-0.08mk and-0.26mk, is obtained that 3h is poisoning is about-0.17mk by interpolation.Therefore the reactivity consumption of day operation is above three superposition, altogether about-6.3mk, and in design, working as of control rod measures 6.6mk, can be met.
As shown in Figure 3, center-control rod 1 comprises involucrum 10, is positioned at the termination 8 at involucrum 10 two ends and counterweight and hangs 11, be positioned at plug 9 within involucrum 10; Plug 9 diameter is 4mm, and involucrum 10 external diameter 5mm, the long 280mm of plug 9, equivalent are about 6.6mk.Termination 8, counterweight hang 11, involucrum 10 is made by stainless steel; Plug 9 is made up of In-Ag-Cd.
As shown in Figure 2, two shim rods 7 are positioned at side beryllium reflector 5 central symmetry position, with ordinate angle 20 degree, bear in the phase in stove longevity
235u burnup and
149the reactivity consumption that Sm is poisoning.
Adopt MCNPX+CINDER and WIMS+CITATION two kinds of methods calculate the reactor core burnup negative reactivity situation of change of the reactivity control of employing super-long service life phase reactor core and control method and mutually confirm, result of calculation is respectively as shown in following table 1,2:
The reactor core burnup negative reactivity that table 1 MCNPX+CINDER calculates
The reactor core burnup negative reactivity that table 2 WINS+CITATION calculates
Started ten months with 1 year, January surrounding, one Friday sky, within one day three hours, calculate, within 20 years, run 12000h altogether, meter equivalence at 500 days day, MCNPX+CINDER calculate burnup be-14.66mk, WIMS+CITATION calculating burnup be-15.014mk.Result of calculation is basically identical.
Therefore the value of two shim rods 7 gets about 15mk, can ensure the burnup of 20 years phase in longevity of reactor.And reactor core two phases in longevity consume the reactivity of 30mk, altogether also within the allowed band of fuel loading amount.
As shown in Figure 4, shim rod 7 comprise assure 12, be positioned at assure 12 both sides upper end plug 14 and bottom plug 15, be positioned at the core body 13 assuring 12; The external diameter of core body 13 is 33mm, assures that 12 thickness are 1mm, external diameter is 35mm, long 250mm.Core body 13 material is In-Ag-Cd, assures 12, upper end plug 14, bottom plug 15 be made up of stainless steel.
Reactor fuel assembly top is provided with beryllium tablet tray, and upper beryllium sheet bears the total overall reaction sexual valence value consumption of second phase in longevity of reactor core.Upper beryllium sheet is worth with the value of two shim rods 7 suitable, on disposable adding after beryllium sheet, two shim rods 7 can be wrapped insertion reactor core, compensates the positive reactivity of upper beryllium sheet.Upper beryllium sheet is cylindrical metal beryllium sheet, external diameter 264mm, internal diameter 20mm, full-height 110mm.
As shown in Figure 2, two safety rods 6 are positioned at side beryllium reflector 5 central symmetry position, and with ordinate angle 20 degree, its effect mainly ensures shut down depth during normal reactor operation shutdown, and under accident condition, emergency shut-down is used.The reactivity worth that safety rod does not participate in reactor operation regulates.Its equivalent should be greater than the equivalent of center-control rod 1, and when central authorities' excellent card rod cannot descend slotting, two safety rods are inserted for 6 times, assurance device safe shutdown (shut down depth is greater than 2.5mk).
As shown in Figure 4, safety rod 6 comprise 12, be positioned at assure 12 both sides upper end plug 14 and bottom plug 15, be positioned at the core body 13 assuring 12; The external diameter of core body 13 is 33mm, assures that 12 thickness are 1mm, external diameter is 35mm, long 250mm.Core body 13; Material is In-Ag-Cd, assures 12, upper end plug 14, bottom plug 15, to be made up of stainless steel.
A kind of super-long service life phase reactor core reactivity provided by the present invention controls and control method is mainly reflected in supplementing pile reactivity, mainly comprises supplementing of two kinds of modes:
A. the reactivity that shim rod 7 pairs of day operations consume is supplemented
After the day operation through certain number of days, the negative reactivity brought due to burnup is compensated by the partial reactive of center-control rod 1 release, make the negative reactivity that center-control rod 1 remaining reactivity is not enough to compensate moderator negative reactivity effect, fuel negative reactivity effect, poisoning three bring, namely the normal day operation time cannot be maintained, move to certain hour, center-control rod 1 rod position is to top, owing to cannot continue to add positive reactivity, under the degenerative impact of temperature, reactor cannot remain critical and enter subcritical state, cause shutdown.Now shutdown is carried shim rod 7, increase the excess reactivity of reactor core, normal day operation can be maintained.
B. go up beryllium sheet to supplement the reactivity of whole phase in longevity
Burnup increases gradually, shim rod gradually on carry, shim rod 7 is carried to top rear first phase in longevity and being terminated, and beryllium sheet is all gone up in shutdown disposable interpolation of uncapping, and reactivity is repaid in the 7 times interpolations of two shim rods.Such heap can continue the phase in longevity of a reactor core again.
A kind of super-long service life phase reactor core reactivity provided by the present invention is adopted to control and control method, carry out accident calculating, the equivalent of center-control rod 1 controls at 6.6mk, under RELAP5/SCDAP/MOD3.4 program computation initial criticality 1w cold conditions, introduce the result of 6.6mk and 6.7mk positive reactivity to reactor core, the thermal parameter data calculated with prior art reactor core accident are compared as follows shown in table 3:
Table 3 step introduces the contrast of positive reactivity physics thermal parameter
From upper table 3: when 6.6mk and 6.7mk reactivity discharges entirely, although peak power 20%-26% higher than 4.5mk, core exit temperature is only high 4 ~ 5 DEG C, and lower than the water saturation temperature of correspondence.Through calculating, after the release of 6.6mk and 6.7mk reactivity, fuel maximum temperature is respectively 191.3 DEG C and 194.3 DEG C, far below the fusing point of UO2; The maximum temperature of involucrum 10 is respectively 121.8 DEG C and 122.2 DEG C, and only instantaneous generation topical foams boiling near fuel can 10 focus, does not exist harm to whole reactor core.Do not taking under any human intervention, reactor core Cavitation effect and negative temperature effect progressively offset the positive reactivity value of step, and progressively decline after making heap power peaking, water temperature and fuel temperature decline thereupon.
In conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments the present invention is explained in detail above, but the present invention is not limited to above-described embodiment, in the ken that those of ordinary skill in the art possess, various change can also be made under the prerequisite not departing from present inventive concept.The content be not described in detail in the present invention all can adopt prior art.
Claims (8)
1. the reactor core reactivity control of super-long service life phase and a control method, it is characterized in that, the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) control center-control rod (1), shim rod (7), safety rod (6), make reactor core be in subcritical state;
(2) controlling center-control rod (1) makes reactor core reach critical conditions;
(3) control center-control rod (1), be in critical conditions to maintain reactor core;
(4) control and compensation rod (7), normally runs to maintain reactor core;
(5) shim rod (7) is promoted to top;
(6), after the reactivity of rod to be compensated (7) all discharges, beryllium sheet is added;
(7) above-mentioned steps (1) ~ (5) are repeated, until two shim rod (7) second time are promoted to top.
2. a kind of super-long service life phase reactor core reactivity according to claim 1 controls and control method, it is characterized in that: described step (1) specifically comprises the following steps: center-control rod (1) all inserts reactor core, shim rod (7) all inserts reactor core, safety rod (6) proposes reactor core, and reactor core is in subcritical state.
3. a kind of super-long service life phase reactor core reactivity according to claim 2 controls and control method, it is characterized in that: described step (2) specifically comprises the following steps: promote center-control rod (1) gradually, make reactor core reach critical conditions.
4. a kind of super-long service life phase reactor core reactivity according to claim 3 controls and control method, it is characterized in that: described step (3) specifically comprises the following steps: continue to promote center-control rod (1) gradually, after reactor core end of run, center-control rod (1) inserts reactor core shutdown.
5. a kind of super-long service life phase reactor core reactivity according to claim 4 controls and control method, it is characterized in that: described step (4) specifically comprises the following steps: carry on shim rod (7), release reaction, maintain reactor core normally to run, namely perform above-mentioned steps (1) ~ step (3).
6. a kind of super-long service life phase reactor core reactivity according to claim 5 controls and control method, it is characterized in that: the motion of described shim rod (7) is moved up and down by motor helical motion and regulated.
7. a kind of super-long service life phase reactor core reactivity according to claim 6 controls and control method, it is characterized in that: described step (5) specifically comprises the following steps: repeat above-mentioned steps (4), after a shim rod (7) rises to top, promote another root shim rod (7), until two shim rods (7) all rise to top.
8. a kind of super-long service life phase reactor core reactivity according to claim 7 controls and control method, it is characterized in that: described step (6) specifically comprises the following steps: after the reactivity of rod to be compensated (7) all discharges, top cover is opened in shutdown, disposablely fill it up with beryllium sheet, then insert all lower for two shim rods (7).
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Cited By (1)
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