CN104870378A - Biological treatment systems utilizing selectively permeable barriers - Google Patents
Biological treatment systems utilizing selectively permeable barriers Download PDFInfo
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- CN104870378A CN104870378A CN201380052644.9A CN201380052644A CN104870378A CN 104870378 A CN104870378 A CN 104870378A CN 201380052644 A CN201380052644 A CN 201380052644A CN 104870378 A CN104870378 A CN 104870378A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/02—Aerobic processes
- C02F3/10—Packings; Fillings; Grids
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/02—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration ; Nanofiltration
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/005—Combined electrochemical biological processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/02—Aerobic processes
- C02F3/10—Packings; Fillings; Grids
- C02F3/102—Permeable membranes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/02—Aerobic processes
- C02F3/12—Activated sludge processes
- C02F3/1236—Particular type of activated sludge installations
- C02F3/1268—Membrane bioreactor systems
- C02F3/1273—Submerged membrane bioreactors
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/30—Aerobic and anaerobic processes
- C02F3/302—Nitrification and denitrification treatment
- C02F3/305—Nitrification and denitrification treatment characterised by the denitrification
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- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/34—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used
- C02F3/341—Consortia of bacteria
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- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/34—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used
- C02F3/348—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used characterised by the way or the form in which the microorganisms are added or dosed
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
- C25B9/17—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof
- C25B9/19—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof with diaphragms
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2325/00—Details relating to properties of membranes
- B01D2325/42—Ion-exchange membranes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/16—Nitrogen compounds, e.g. ammonia
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/20—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from animal husbandry
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- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2305/00—Use of specific compounds during water treatment
- C02F2305/06—Nutrients for stimulating the growth of microorganisms
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
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Abstract
The invention includes a variety of systems that can be used to remove contaminants from a fluidic medium, typically an aqueous medium. In an embodiment, the systems contain treatment zones including a semi-permeable barrier constructed to segregate cultures of microorganisms that metabolize the contaminants from the media. The semi-permeable barriers allow the contaminants to be exchanged between the medium and the culture, however the culture is kept away from the media. With time, the microorganisms consume the contaminants and the medium is cleaned. In some embodiments, the system additionally includes electrodes and uses exoelectrogenic microorganisms to remove contaminants.
Description
related application
This application claims the U.S. Provisional Patent Application the 61/680th submitted on August 8th, 2012, the right of priority of No. 827, it is incorporated to herein in full by reference.
Technical field
The present invention relates to for the system by using the microorganism of energy metabolism pollutent to remove pollutent from medium such as water.Especially, culturing micro-organisms in the reactor with the semi-permeable barrier regulating pollutent to flow from medium to microorganism.
Background technology
Removing multi-form nitrogen (such as, nitrite, nitrate, ammonium, ammonia) is a more and more important target in wastewater treatment.When being discharged in environment, nitrogen causes the red tide in ocean, polluted lake and river, and well and reservoir are drunk in pollution.
Be difficult at less point source the removal processing nitrogen especially, it is infeasible for constructing at described less point source the treatment facility realizing the scale economics that municipal engineering of water treatment is enjoyed.Such some facility comprises anaerobic digestion facility, agricultural production water and fish farming (aquaculture).
Such as, recirculation aquaculture system (RAS), also referred to as closed loop system, provides extensive, continuable fish manufacturing feasibility.But economic and effective wastewater treatment is the critical bottleneck of RAS and half RAS industry sustainable growth.Especially, RAS and other such closed loop system, produce the nitrogenouz wastes composition of dissolving and the organic compound of minimizing of high density, and this stresses on chemical oxygen demand (COD) (COD) in this system and biological oxygen demand (BOD) conversely.If do not removed by refuse, livestock will die off.In addition, nitrogenous refuse and the organic compound of minimizing can have a negative impact to the local habitat beyond this RAS.
Current denitride technology can not meet the needs of sustainable aquaculture.Remove nitrate by water coke slurry, but this usually must every day equivalent in the 10-20% of system bulk, a large amount of water.In addition, because management rules become more strict, the release of pipe end (EOP) nitrate may be processed by increasingly stringent, and this even needs to use more substantial water in exchange system.A kind of alternative in return, can use heterotrophic organism such as pseudomonas to remove nitrate by anaerobic denitrifying.Such as, but carbon nitrogen (C/N) low in aquiculture sewerage is than needing extra carbon, and methyl alcohol, to produce anaerobic denitrifying effect.Using the cost and risk of methyl alcohol for offsetting, organic matter (such as, mud) from same facility can be used in up flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor (UASB) to reach required carbon content.But this mud, often with the form of particulate, makes it be difficult to keep mixing with bacterium.So, hydrolysis must be applied and fermentation mud is converted into voltaile fatty acid and other are more easily by the molecule that denitrification organisms consumes, increase complicacy and the cost of operation.The more important thing is, the tempering tank water with pathogenic mud needs expensive pre-treatment and aftertreatment sterilize and cause the serious risk of biological pollution in this facility.In addition, when the COD source using mud as denitrogenation, aquaculture production person experienced by significant peculiar smell in its product.
Except removing nitrogen with except keeping animal health from RAS system, before they are disposed to environment, cleaning procedure water is also important.This use aftertreatment, also referred to as pipe end (EOP) process, is the process type of the common particularly important of another kind of RAS and half RAS.In aquaculture, most of EOP stream is from primary treatment technology, and such as drum filter, belt filter, biofilter or settling tank discharge.Discharging for drum filter, such as, is not uncommon to have the performance of high-caliber COD (1000mg/L), nitrate (100mg/L) and suspended solids total amount (2000mg/L).When the composition of this stream is along with the kind of fish and establishment type change, the throughput requirements that EPA controls is identical on most of farm.
Propose multiple technologies to process the EOP purification in aquaculture, but respectively have its limitation.EOP process will be particularly important for the future of aquaculture industry.Must by the concentrated stream of economic treatment because the development for the treatment of system at present continues generation.A technology of being known as process EOP stream is aeration.But aeration is normally uneconomic in the scale of breeding fish, and this to be energy consumption very large.It does not process yet adjoint must by the solid waste stream of management and control.Other technology uses ion-exchange membrane or ionic polymer throw out to purify EOP stream.But these technology become undue costliness and still there is solid waste disposal problem on more on a large scale.
So far, the control of dissolved oxygen and the removal of poisonous ammonia (a kind of form of denitrogenation) have been the major objective of RAS Waste Water Treatment.But along with the maturation of industry, following problem is just becoming day by day obvious: the nitrate levels that pipe end biological oxygen demand (BOD) and cultivating in water raises is by the new obstacle of the Water reuse and higher fish yield that become increase.Therefore, be starved of and from wastewater streams, nitrate and chemical oxygen demand (COD) (COD) can be removed economically and the technology of the improvement of control pH.
Summary of the invention
The invention solves industry for sane and economy to the demand of waste management wherein with multiple need pollutent to be processed.The present invention includes the system for removing pollutent from medium such as water-bearing media.Usually, this system comprises at least Liang Ge district: (1) comprises firstth district (" treatment zone ") of the microorganism of the direct or indirect metabolism pollutent of energy, and medium inflow the secondth district (" dielectric area ") wherein that (2) are processed.Due to this Liang Ge district be allowed to pollutent by but the semi-permeable barrier not comprising the passage of (or greatly damage) described microorganism separate, pollutent will diffuse to treatment zone from dielectric area, and by microbial metabolism, leave the medium with less contaminants.In some embodiments, described treatment zone and/or described dielectric area will comprise supporting structure, can grow the microbial film of microorganism on this support structure.As discussed below, the system of this invention also has the extraneous application of aquaculture.
In some embodiments, the present invention is also bioelectrochemical system (BES), that is, comprise the anode being configured in treatment zone and the negative electrode being configured in dielectric area, and can be used for the emf source being biased in described electrode.Usually, when described system is BES, described treatment zone will comprise electroactive microorganism (that is, outer electrogenesis body (exo-electrogens)).In some embodiments, described treatment zone and/or described dielectric area will comprise supporting structure, can grow the microbial film of microorganism on this support structure.In the BESs comprising supporting structure, described supporting structure in the side relative with described barrier of each electrode, or is incorporated in electrode by described support structure configuration.
Also more modification is disclosed, the co-processing of the pre-treatment of such as medium and purifying with other/waste treatment technique.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the sketch of system of the present invention, comprises the treatment zone and dielectric area that are separated by semi-permeable barrier;
Fig. 2 shows and is applicable to denitrogenation and purifies the one embodiment of the invention with the refuse of high nitrogen-containing;
Fig. 3 shows and is applicable to denitrogenation and purifies the one embodiment of the invention with other refuses of high nitrogen-containing;
Fig. 4 shows an embodiment of the system for removing target contaminant from medium, comprises the supporting structure of the microorganism growth promoting pollutent described in metabolism;
Fig. 5 shows an embodiment of the system for removing target contaminant from medium.This system is bioelectrochemical system (BES) and is included in the supporting structure contributing to making the outer electrogenesis microorganism growth of pollutent described in metabolism under electromotive force exists;
Fig. 6 shows an embodiment of the system for removing target contaminant from medium, is included in and defines and will be cleaned the multiple processing units in the groove of medium volume;
Fig. 7 shows an embodiment of the system for removing target contaminant from medium, is included in and defines and will be cleaned the multiple processing units in the groove of medium volume; Embodiment in Fig. 7 also includes the BES system that can be used for monitoring purification progress and microorganism culturing health;
Fig. 8 shows an embodiment of the system for removing target contaminant from medium, comprises the interior and outer treatment chamber (1) and (3) of surrounding intermediate chamber (2);
Fig. 9 shows an embodiment for the treatment of zone, and it comprises multiple semi-permeable barrier be interconnected, described in the semi-permeable barrier that is interconnected there is pipe connecting circulate between multiple semi-permeable barrier to allow microorganism;
Figure 10 show use as described in multiple systems of the present invention with the semi-permeable barrier be interconnected of pipe connecting for the treatment of zone, the medium wherein purified simply remains in the groove surrounding described multiple semi-permeable pipe be interconnected.In another embodiment, can higher than the electromotive force of described groove to described multiple semi-permeable barrier biasing of being interconnected and described treatment zone can comprise outer electrogenesis body.
Embodiment
The present invention includes and can be used for from fluid medium, be generally in aqueous medium the multiple systems removing pollutent.In one embodiment, described system comprises the treatment zone containing semi-permeable barrier, and described semi-permeable barrier is configured to isolate the culture of metabolism from the microorganism of the pollutent in medium.Described semi-permeable barrier allows pollutent to exchange between described medium and described culture, but described culture is away from described medium.As time goes on, pollutent described in described microbial consumption and described medium are cleaned.In some embodiments, described system comprises electrode extraly and uses outer electrogenesis microorganism to remove pollutent.
In a simple embodiment, described Liang Ge district of the present invention is included in the cavity (such as, groove) of an impermeable processed medium.Such as, when described medium is water-based, described cavity will be fluid-tight.A district, described " treatment zone " comprises the microorganism of direct or indirect metabolism pollutent.Secondth district, described " dielectric area " comprises the medium that will be cleaned.But described process need not occur in treatment zone uniquely, because the significant part of process can occur in dielectric area.Such as, at least one in the microorganisms cultures Ke Yuge district of two or more isolation uses together.As shown in fig. 1, the present invention is reduced to the cavity being divided into Liang Ge district by semi-permeable barrier.In other embodiments, the present invention can be the multiple cavitys compared with areola being wherein provided with border and comprising at least part of barrier.These configurations allow multiple different treatment zone to be connected with single dielectric area, and vice versa.In addition, the pollution of dielectric area medium when can use for inducing and keeping the device of positive pressure to break in semi-permeable barrier with prevention or minimizing.That is, described positive pressure flows into treatment zone by causing the material of dielectric area instead of flows into dielectric area.The pollution with the medium of microorganism or other nutrition (such as, solid waste) that such design will be avoided in treatment zone.
The present invention will be mainly used in fluid medium, particularly the process of aqueous medium.More particularly, the present invention is used for the denitrogenation of waste water.But, those skilled in the art will recognize that disclosed principle can be used for building for from gaseous media or from the medium containing solid and liquid mixture, such as mud, or solid and gaseous mixture, or solid, liquids and gases mixture in remove the system of pollutent.
microorganism
Multiple-microorganism, comprising bacterium, Archimycetes, fungi, protozoon and algae can use together with system of the present invention, supposes to cultivate and to keep described microorganism, and described microbial metabolism (directly or indirectly) target contaminant.Described microflora can comprise single microorganism or multiple.At least one species be included in this group can use each target substance in its metabolic process.When a kind of material quilt is as the target removed from medium, one or more microorganisms in this group can utilize this material.When multiple material quilt is as the target removed from medium, at least one microorganism will use each material.Single microorganism can utilize more than one target substance in its metabolic process.In some embodiments, described microorganism can be from ground bacillus, clostridium, redly educates bacterium or colibacillary bacterium.
In some embodiments, microorganism will use target substance as nutrition source or as direct electron acceptor or electron donor (such as, by electroactive microorganism).Or the chemicals that described metabolic process can produce (or catalysis generation) reacts with target substance.Therefore, described microflora can comprise not directly remove target substance but promote its remove or contribute to the holistic health of described microflora and the microorganism of stability.Such as, if described material is the compound being broken down into product, be that when expecting removal material, these organisms supplemented can use remaining product to provide further reparation in their metabolic process conversely.Another pattern is supplementary organism, namely produce (or catalysis generation) and be removed organism as nutraceutical chemical or the microorganism of suitability (such as, keeping favourable pH level) of environment of system usually promoting or be kept for treatment process.
In some embodiments, the mixture of microorganism or microorganism will use the another kind of waste streams existed as nutrition.Such as, the microorganism liquid that the pipe end (EOP) except target contaminant can be used in its metabolic process to flow and solid part.In this case, the activity of adjustable refuse and relative abundance are to adapt to the needs of microorganism.Such as, can micronize dilute solid waste so that easier consumption.
operator scheme
By processed medium, normally water or waste water, will enter dielectric area.Medium can be taken out with pump or also can by gravity filling etc.Pollutent in medium will enter treatment zone through semi-permeable membranes barrier, pollutent described in the microbial metabolism for the treatment of zone.In some embodiments, the second flow of material can be added in treatment zone, the nutrition that described treatment zone can comprise microorganism and/or the second pollutent that will be processed.Described system by the ability of adjustment pollutent or nutrient flow that usually also comprises to guarantee best running.Described barrier also will stop described microorganism and the second pollutent wear to dielectric area from treatment zone or stop the microbial population of insulated chamber mutually to pollute.
An advantageous applications of present system is the denitrogenation for water.When this system is used for denitrogenation, such as, by by ion-exchange membrane (such as, anion-exchange membrane or cationic exchange membrane), as semi-permeable barrier, nitrate ion will be worn to treatment zone from dielectric area.This barrier is guaranteed that microorganism does not enter simultaneously and may be flowed in the water in river, lake etc. after cleaning.
In some embodiments, organic waste source, such as, have the water of high chemical oxygen demand (COD), will be introduced directly into treatment zone.Organic waste provide carbon source to be used when metabolism nitrate by microorganism, reduce the COD of refuse simultaneously.This layout is particularly useful in aquaculture water, because the movement of the second waste streams-livestock-can be processed simultaneously.In this embodiment, described refuse is removed (such as, by filtering) and is then introduced into treatment zone to meet the COD of microorganism and nutraceutical demand from aquaculture.In some embodiments, described barrier will be designed to stop the second waste streams to turn back in medium simultaneously.This makes the Pollution risk of the aquaculture water cleaned minimize by allowing the process of nitrogenouz wastes and COD simultaneously.But, the invention is not restricted to denitrogenation, because this system can be designed to remove multiple pollutant, assuming that the correct combination of microorganism and semi-permeable barrier.Especially, the present invention is widely used in removing ionic contamination from water.
Recirculation aquaculture system by constitutionally design to limit in culture systems biologically can the amount of organic carbon to promote the nitrification in biofilter.Therefore, the critical process reducing the amount of organic carbon in culture systems is mechanical entrapment and the removal of solid waste.Therefore described mechanical process produce concentrated waste solids effluent stream (EOP), described effluent stream there is high total COD (tCOD) but may be low solubility COD (sCOD).The effluent stream with high waste solids and low sCOD means the bioavailability of the decline of organic carbon, because most of organic carbon is enclosed in the solid part of effluent stream.For increasing the bioavailability of solid waste, anaerobic digestion process can be utilized to extract and to dissolve voltaile fatty acid (VFAs) by hydrolysis, thus increase sCOD.Then the extraction of VFAs improves the operability (increase sCOD) of organic carbon and finally can be used for can denitrogenation.
Also same principle of the present invention can be incorporated in anaerobic digestion (AD) system of separating with aquaculture.Such as, can be incorporated in the AD system for municipal wastewater or be incorporated to for reducing in the AD system of animal excrement such as from the animal excrement of dairy farm.As shown in FIG. 2, will by following process process waste water: (1) coarse sand filter, (2) the first settling pond is then entered, (3) treatment zone of the present invention is then entered, (4) then de-nitrification unit is entered, (5) then enter the second settling pond, (6) then described solid will flow into anaerobic digester, and second will flow into dielectric area with further denitrogenation simultaneously.Or described treatment zone step can closely follow denitrification step, as shown in Figure 3.
barrier
The function of described barrier is that containment microorganism diffuses in processed medium uncontrollably to stop them.In addition, when using different microbial populations in the not same district of described system, described barrier stops crossed contamination.This barrier can be machinery, such as, have enough large aperture to allow target substance to enter and leave described system but aperture is enough little of the strainer stoping organism to pass through.This barrier also can use electrochemical principle, such as, allow ion pass through but do not allow the ion permeable membrane that microorganism passes through.This barrier also can utilize the characteristic of sterilization or sterilization, as ultraviolet isolating thing.
Described semi-permeable barrier can be and anyly suitable is designed to allow pollutent to pass through and the semi-permeable barrier that suppresses microorganism to pass through.Such as, described semi-permeable barrier can comprise polymeric matrix, complex matrix, fabric, film, pottery or assembling nano-porous structure.Barrier can be configured to pipe, parallel plate, spiral, the structure of interpolation or other suitable maximize surface area being configured to make to can be used for exchanging.Possible constructions element reinforces described barrier to provide structure rigidity and/or to resist institute's applied pressure.Polytype semi-permeable barrier can be commercially available from manufacturers such as Applied Membranes, Inc. (Vista, CA).
supporting structure
In some embodiments, described system comprises supporting structure to promote the growth of microbial biofilm, and/or assists the mixing in described district, and/or the diffusion between auxiliary region.Described supporting structure can be provides any shape of following structure or material: microbial film can grow thereon and allow nutrition (comprising target contaminant) to enter and by the passage of described structure.Such as, mesh, crossflow media or particle can be used.In reticulated structure, described supporting structure will be configured near barrier usually, does not have space, as shown in Figure 4 between preferred barrier and supporting structure.In other embodiments, the paradigmatic structure that described supporting structure will be unmanaged flexibility (or Midst density), high surface area, this structure allows microbial film to be distributed on whole treatment zone.In addition, if the present invention adopts BES assembly (being described below), described bracing member will be configured in ate electrode, preferably gapless between them, or be incorporated in described supporting structure.
bioelectrochemical system
Except the combination for the treatment of zone and semi-permeable barrier, embodiments more of the present invention adopt bioelectrochemical system (BES) simultaneously, that is, comprise electromotive force and/or current source and use electric energy or in their metabolic process, produce the microorganism (outer electrogenesis body) of electric energy.See Fig. 5.BESs provides the multinomial great enhancing of denitrification process.First, when COD operability is very low, BES is provided in negative electrode septal area (treatment zone) can the electromotive force of denitrogenation.Additional bioelectrode, bioactive anode and cathode electrode can be used to promote outer electrogenesis body microbial film.
In an embodiment of BES of the present invention, current transfer that microorganism produces at biological anode will be consumed by COD to biological-cathode.When due to the organic carbon restriction in culture systems water, by when there is not traditional denitrogenation, stream of electrons can make denitrification process occur at biological-cathode.The second, the electric current produced by BES provides Internal feedback mechanism, can infer the information relevant to the water quality of anode septal area or negative electrode septal area by this Feedback mechanism.See Fig. 7.Feedback in circuit be based on BOD and nitrate operability arbitrary/the two, this depends on how this system designs and operate.This information also can be used for controlling and automatization, that is, by the interpolation of nitrate and/or BOD being combined with current indication.In some embodiments, a system comprises one or more is not the treatment zone of BESs and one or more BESs treatment zone.
When described system comprises one or more BESs, BESs can be monitored to determine the progress of decontamination process and to obtain the health of related microorganism or the observation of function.That is, the magnitude of current producing/consume between the change of electromotive force or electrode between electrode is bioactive instruction in system, comprises the consumption of BOD and/or nitrogen.Such as, the nitrate levels that declines and the less BOD level that can show to decline can be shown by the increase of negative electrode that microorganism is used as electron acceptor(EA).It should be noted, this principle is applicable to and uses the present invention in the mass treatment of non-BOD or nitrate, depends on the use of the electrode as electrode acceptor or donor because electroactive.
As required, BES can be configured in several structure, this depends on the existence of outer electric energy groove or source or bias-voltage.Therefore, described BES system can show as following form: microbiological fuel cell (MFC), microorganism electrolysis cell (MEC), or has the system of balanced cathode potential, such as balanced nitrate reduction current potential.As the simple description of difference between MFC and MEC operation scheme, MFC means the self-adjusting voltage between anode and negative electrode, and this is determined by the microorganism on bioelectrode, and MEC means that electric current is applied to electrode and interelectrode electromotive force is fixing.Potentiostat and the balanced cathode potential of reference electrode is used to be possible.Usual only balanced cathode potential also allows anode potential " unmanaged flexibility ".In some embodiments, this layout contributes to the progress of monitoring described medium decontamination, because when denitrogenation stops, electromotive force becomes uneven, and this can be used as the signal taking corrective action.Such as, this signal can point out the increase of input, that is, increase COD or nitrate.
pre-treatment and complementary microorganism (Complimentary Microorganisms)
In other embodiments, the present invention also can comprise pre-treatment step.Such as, when the present invention is used for denitrogenation, denitrification step can be comprised.Additional oxygen can be comprised in the system remove as pre-treatment.This design also can allow the ammonia or the ammonium ion that more easily process generation in Solid anaerobic digestion.
In other embodiments, described district can comprise the complementary populations of microorganism, and each colony can metabolism complementary products.Such as, a kind of a kind of microbial metabolites of target contaminant can pass described semi-permeable barrier (ion-exchange or alternate manner), wherein said product is consumed as the input of the metabolic process of different microorganisms in other district, no matter is as energy derive or terminal electron acceptor.Such as, the ammonia of catching can be introduced processed medium by the strainer (biological example strainer) from anaerobic digester, solid part from described digester can be added into treatment zone to fuel to microorganism, as discussed above simultaneously.
In one embodiment, ion-exchange membrane is lined with (such as in being placed on, anion-exchange membrane) container in nitrated biofilter (such as, moving-bed bioreactor-MBBR) can be arranged on as in the digestion chamber of septic tank or settling tank or septal area.Available pump by liquid portion, such as, carrys out the liquid portion of self-digestion septal area, is delivered in aerobic MBBR so that the ammonia produced in digestive process is converted into nitrate.Then described nitrate enters digestion compartment together with process water for final denitrogenation through barrier.Water in MBBR conversely using the EOP ejecta as refining, and can use the further refining of the second film filter may from any remaining biomass of nitrated biofilter to catch.
Or described process is reversible to a certain extent, wherein digest septal area and be effective as " pretreatment tank ", and pump system makes supernatant liquor by a series of pipe recirculation of being made up of ion-exchange barrier and is back to digestion septal area.Then described pipe will immerse in water-bath from the independent stream of high nitrate, thus nitrate can be made to enter in pipe and finally enter nitrated septal area for final denitrogenation.See such as Figure 10.Embodiment as discussed above, the water-bath of high nitrate can be the aerobic nitrated biofilter of MBBR or similar structure again.
exemplary
Embodiment 1: in a preferred embodiment, is adapted at using in the removal of nitrate, and described system comprises the groove be connected with by processed water source.Multiple less processing unit will be configured in described groove, as shown in Figure 6.Each less unit is substantially fluid-tight cylinder, and its wall is made up of the barrier based on ion-exchange membrane.Or described system can comprise one or more BESs, that is, comprise outside cathode electrode and inner anode electrode, and described BESs comprises the device for voltage being applied to electrode.To so configure described electrode to make gapless or basic gapless between described electrode and described barrier.Similarly, with the substrate that the supporting structure of wrapping material structure will be configured to relative to anode electrode as being used for biofilm formation.Supporting structure can configure relative to cathode electrode, but can be excluded microorganism is minimized in the growth of cathode side.In fact, the single large cathode compartment as dielectric area works by described groove, and each less processing unit will be the anolyte compartment as treatment zone.See Figure 4 and 5.Or negative electrode can be included in the inside of processing unit and anode is included in outside, in this case, by formation cathode compartment, described processing unit will form anolyte compartment to described groove.
To be introduced into dielectric area (that is, cathode compartment) by the medium of the waste water composition with high nitrate concentration, and the source of chemical oxygen demand (COD) (COD) will be introduced into treatment zone (that is, anolyte compartment).Described medium enters described unit by upwelling or lateral flow configuration.Permission nitrate is entered described cavity by ion-exchange membrane barrier, but it stops the microorganism for the treatment of zone and COD leave described cavity and pollute main water source.The pressure reduction between processing unit and described groove can be utilized to leave treatment zone to stop fluid when barrier breaks.Pump or other machinery can be used to produce described pressure reduction.Or realize described pressure reduction by change relative to the water level in the treatment zone of dielectric area.Usual described pressure by like this to make the fluid from anolyte compartment not enter cathode compartment.
In this embodiment, expect that each processing unit can independent operating.Can be replaced separately to make them.The groove of configuration process unit also can be designed to running or in parallel with other similar systems separately wherein.This uses allowing the modularization of described system, to meet the processing demands of enhancing by simply adding more system.
Embodiment 2: in this second embodiment, configures described system in the same way as the first embodiment, except not having electrode.The mode directly relative with described barrier is configured described supporting structure.
Embodiment 3: in the 3rd embodiment, the present invention includes barrier (barrier) or the barrier (barriers) (such as, anion-exchange membrane or cationic exchange membrane) of the basic plane of the plane supporting structure (such as plastic wire) had for biofilm development.Preferred described supporting structure will be connected with barrier.A kind of such cavity will have a barrier or a supporting structure.Another kind of cavity will have the border that two barriers form cavitys at either side, and on each barrier or near there is supporting structure.These cavitys can be arranged in order, to have multiple room, the room that each room is adjacent shares a barrier.First Room will as treatment zone and side wall defines opposite side barrier & supporting structure defines.Second Room using as dielectric area and side with the first Room share barrier and the second supporting structure define.Described second Room/dielectric area will be defined by the 3rd supporting structure and the second barrier at offside.3rd Room will have the 4th supporting structure near the second barrier.Nitrogenouz wastes (or other target compound) is by inflow second Room and diffuse to first and the 3rd Room, and it will by microbiological treatment wherein.The refuse (or other secondary pollutant) with high COD will enter first and the 3rd Room to be utilized by organism.This pattern can be repeated repeatedly, any amount of cavity can be had.This embodiment is also applicable to aquaculture water treatment.
Embodiment 4: in the 4th embodiment, the mode identical with the 3rd embodiment configures this system, except it will comprise as plane supporting structure or the electrode between described supporting structure and described barrier.Dielectric area electrode will as negative electrode and treatment zone electrode will as anode.
Embodiment 5: in the 5th embodiment, this system follows the pattern similar to the 3rd embodiment, except described room will be concentric drums instead of parallel planeform, as shown in Figure 8.The barrier be configured between supporting structure (such as, plastic wire) by inside forms by the wall of the first cylinder.First cylinder will be configured in the second cylinder, the wall of the second cylinder by by the inner face side at barrier supporting structure form.Second cylinder will be configured in the 3rd cylinder, the wall of the 3rd cylinder by by the inner face side at barrier supporting structure form.Nitrogenouz wastes (or other target compound) is by inflow second Room and diffuse to first and the 3rd Room, and it will by microbiological treatment wherein.The refuse (or other secondary pollutant) with high COD will enter first and the 3rd Room to be utilized by organism.This embodiment is also applicable to aquaculture water treatment.
Embodiment 7: this embodiment comprises the microorganism in the cavity substantially cube that is configured in and is connected with media slot, so to make described barrier be configured between described cavity and described medium.Described barrier can be allow target compound by but the prevention ion-exchange membrane that passes through of microorganism or strainer.Second is introduced cavity.Preferred described microorganism will utilize nitrate and/or nitrite, thus provide nitrification and/or denitrification.Described second will preferably have the refuse of high COD.
Embodiment 8: in commercial applications, makes the maximize surface area of semi-permeable barrier also provide the container of applicable microorganism long-term health to be important simultaneously.Such condition is realized, wherein containing the flow passage that multiple pipes of semi-permeable barrier are interconnected to provide microorganism in inside with the design similar to Fig. 9.As shown in Figure 10, by the groove that simply remained on by the medium of decontamination around multiple semi-permeable barrier be interconnected.In another embodiment, can higher than the electromotive force of described groove to described multiple semi-permeable barrier biasing of being interconnected and described treatment zone can comprise outer electrogenesis body.Or, described treatment zone can be holding tank and described in the semi-permeable barrier that is interconnected provide by the passage of the medium of decontamination.
being incorporated to of reference
To other file, the reference of such as patent, patent application, patent publications, academic journal, books, paper, web site contents and quote and run through the disclosure content.All such files are incorporated to herein for all objects by reference of text at this.
equivalent
The present invention may embody with other concrete form and not deviate from its spirit and essential characteristic.Therefore foregoing embodiments should be considered to illustration in all respects instead of limit the present invention described herein.Therefore by additional claims instead of by aforementioned description instruction scope of the present invention, and be therefore intended to be included in the present invention from the equivalent meaning of claims and all changes of scope.
Claims (23)
1., for removing the system of first object pollutent and the second target contaminant from fluid medium, it comprises:
By semi-permeable barrier and second separate from the firstth district; With
Be configured in the culture (culture) of the microorganism of the first inside, district, described culture comprises at least one and the microorganism of first object pollutent and at least one can be utilized in metabolic process in metabolic process can to utilize the microorganism of the second target product
Wherein said semi-permeable barrier can permeate first object pollutent but substantially impermeable described microorganism.
2. system according to claim 1, wherein said at least one can utilize the microorganism of first object pollutent and described at least one that the microorganism of the second target contaminant can be utilized in metabolic process to be same microorganism in metabolic process.
3. system according to claim 1, comprises supporting structure further, and described support structure configuration in the firstth district, and is configured to the growth promoting microorganisms cultures.
4. system according to claim 3, wherein said supporting structure comprises electrode.
5. system according to claim 4, the electroactive concentration for monitoring first object pollutent or the second target contaminant of wherein said system.
6. system according to claim 5, wherein said system is configured to regulate the concentration of first object pollutent or the second target contaminant respond the electroactive change of monitoring.
7. system according to claim 4, wherein said at least one can utilize the microorganism of first object pollutent or described at least one that the microorganism of the second target contaminant can be utilized to be outer electrogenesis microorganism.
8. system according to claim 4, wherein said electrode is typically biased the electromotive force making the electromotive force in the firstth district higher than the secondth district.
9. system according to claim 4, wherein said electrode is typically biased the electromotive force making the electromotive force in the firstth district lower than the secondth district.
10. system according to claim 1, wherein said barrier comprises ion-exchange membrane.
11. systems according to claim 1, wherein said barrier comprises strainer.
12. according to any one of claim 1-11 system, wherein said first object pollutent comprises nitrate, nitrite or ammonia.
13. according to any one of claim 1-12 system, wherein said second target contaminant comprises carbon.
14. according to claim 12 or 13 system, wherein said semi-permeable barrier fluid medium is substantially without perviousness.
15. according to any one of claim 12-14 system, wherein said semi-permeable barrier to the second target contaminant substantially without perviousness.
16. systems according to claim 1, comprise multiple firstth district separated out by multiple semi-permeable barrier and second further.
17. systems according to claim 1, comprise the 3rd district separated out by additional semi-permeable barrier and second further, and comprising microorganisms cultures, described culture can utilize the microorganism of first object pollutent and at least one can utilize the microorganism of the second target contaminant in metabolic process containing at least one in metabolic process.
18. systems according to claim 1, comprise the groove defining the secondth district further.
19. systems according to claim 1, wherein said firstth district is configured to receive the fluid medium with high chemical oxygen demand, and described secondth district is configured to receive the fluid medium with high nitrate concentration.
20. according to system described in claim 19, and wherein said firstth district is configured to receive animal excrement or municipal wastewater.
21. according to system described in claim 19, and wherein said secondth district is configured to receive agricultural runoff water or aquaculture production water.
22. according to any one of claim 1-21 system, wherein said fluid medium comprises water.
23. according to any one of claim 1-22 system, wherein said microorganism is selected from by ground bacillus, clostridium, the red group of educating bacterium and intestinal bacteria and forming.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
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| US201261680827P | 2012-08-08 | 2012-08-08 | |
| US61/680,827 | 2012-08-08 | ||
| PCT/US2013/054163 WO2014026015A1 (en) | 2012-08-08 | 2013-08-08 | Biological treatment systems utilizing selectively permeable barriers |
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| CN104870378A true CN104870378A (en) | 2015-08-26 |
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| CN201380052644.9A Pending CN104870378A (en) | 2012-08-08 | 2013-08-08 | Biological treatment systems utilizing selectively permeable barriers |
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| US (1) | US20150210575A1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP2882692B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP6232428B2 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN104870378A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU2013299508A1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2881120A1 (en) |
| HK (1) | HK1213870A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2014026015A1 (en) |
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| JP2016534860A (en) * | 2013-10-28 | 2016-11-10 | カンブリアン イノベーション インク．Ｃａｍｂｒｉａｎ Ｉｎｎｏｖａｔｉｏｎ Ｉｎｃ． | System and method for waste treatment |
| FI20150264A (en) * | 2015-09-23 | 2017-03-24 | Elias Hakalehto | Method and apparatus for the production of biorefineries and organic fertilizers |
| CN105950458B (en) * | 2016-05-27 | 2018-09-04 | 哈尔滨师范大学 | Mixed microorganism culture apparatus |
| EP3634917A4 (en) | 2017-06-05 | 2021-05-12 | Cambrian Innovation, Inc. | Process for a fixed film reactor and apparatus related thereto |
| US10981817B2 (en) | 2018-01-19 | 2021-04-20 | National Research Council Of Canada | Wastewater treatment with in-film microbial heating |
| EP3778855A1 (en) | 2019-08-13 | 2021-02-17 | Axiom Angewandte Prozeßtechnik Ges. m.b.H. | Filter-based regeneration of anaerobic sludge |
| CN110697872B (en) * | 2019-09-27 | 2022-02-01 | 南通大学 | Artificial wetland device of coupling cluster type microbial fuel cell |
| CN111204920A (en) * | 2019-12-26 | 2020-05-29 | 贵州省水产研究所 | Method for treating tail water of mountain running water culture |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA2881120A1 (en) | 2014-02-13 |
| HK1213870A1 (en) | 2016-07-15 |
| WO2014026015A1 (en) | 2014-02-13 |
| EP2882692A4 (en) | 2016-04-20 |
| JP6232428B2 (en) | 2017-11-15 |
| AU2013299508A1 (en) | 2015-02-26 |
| EP2882692A1 (en) | 2015-06-17 |
| JP2015524353A (en) | 2015-08-24 |
| US20150210575A1 (en) | 2015-07-30 |
| EP2882692B1 (en) | 2018-09-19 |
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