CN104869594B - The network selecting method of service quality and network load is considered in a kind of heterogeneous network - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses the network selecting methods that service quality and network load are considered in a kind of heterogeneous network.Reasonable network selection is made by constructing utility function.Constructed fuction includes the cost three parts composition that user QoS satisfaction, channel gain and user pay.Utility function considers the demand of the QoS of different business, realizes differentiated service；Meanwhile according to the preference of user, various pieces in utility function are weighted, the satisfaction of user is improved.In addition, improving wireless resource utility efficiency since channel state information is utilized and the case where the cost part of utility function considers Network load status, some network is avoided to paralyse because of load too high as far as possible.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to service is considered in the network selecting method field of wireless communication system more particularly to a kind of heterogeneous network
The network selecting method of quality and network load.
Background technique
With the fast development of wireless communication technique, various wireless access technologys are continued to bring out.Every kind of wireless access technology
Have the characteristics that respective.For example LTE cellular system has high-speed, it is wide to cover, but lower deployment cost is higher；WLAN has high band
Width, small range covering is at low cost, and the communications burden of hot spot region can be effectively relieved.Therefore, different access technologies is combined
Come, be built into heterogeneous network, give full play to the advantage of various networks, provide more good service for user, this becomes following wireless
The inexorable trend of Communication Development.
At the same time, present user traffic requires to be continuously improved, and mobile communication subscriber amount constantly increases, various multimedias
Using emergence.However, different business has different QoS (Quality of Service, service quality) demands, because
This needs to consider differentiated service.
In addition, each user is different to the pursuit preference of service quality with cost.User can be divided into golden user, silver accordingly
User and copper user.Golden user pursues high-performance and does not mind the cost paid；Copper user is before meeting minimum QoS demand
It puts and pursues minimum cost；Silver-colored user is the type among golden user and copper user, had both pursued performance or had pursued low
Cost.
In heterogeneous network, in order to ensure the service quality of user, to different business realizing differentiated services, consider simultaneously
The preference of user, network selection is to reach one key method of this purpose.However, in existing Research Literature, it is most of
The not fine Multiple factors considered under heterogeneous network, often only considered the factor of a portion.Or the network proposed
Selection strategy can not accurately lead to load imbalance, resource utilization using channel state information and network load information etc.
It is not high.
Summary of the invention
In view of the foregoing drawbacks or insufficient, the purpose of the present invention is to provide service quality and network are considered in a kind of heterogeneous network
The network selecting method of load.
To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:
It includes the next steps:
1) each network obtains the QoS satisfaction of service rate；
2) channel gain of each network is obtained；
3) cost value that user pays is obtained according to network load, charging standard and the rate value of charge；The charge
Standard is network load and user demand network speed carries out the amount of money that toll level divides the every bit charge carried out；The charge
Rate value is for the rate more than QoS satisfaction demand；
4) according to the preference of user, the relationship of QoS satisfaction, channel gain and cost value is weighted respectively, obtained
Utility function is taken, and utility function is normalized and is calculated, obtains normalization utility function value；
5) user's selection possesses the network of maximum normalization utility function value, and network selection possesses maximum utility functional value
User access；
6) it repeats step 1) and arrives step 5), until all users access network or inadequate resource.
2, the network selecting method of service quality and network load is considered in heterogeneous network according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that, the utility function calculation formula are as follows:
Utility function=QoS satisfaction+channel gain-cost value.
The business includes voice service and stream business.
The step 1) specifically includes: by the QoS characteristic of analysis voice service and stream business, showing that rate and QoS are full
The relationship of meaning degree, formula description are as follows:
A), for voice service:
Wherein,
In above formula, f [δ (n), Rm(n)] QoS satisfaction is indicated, δ (n) is Dynamic gene,For step
Function, Rm(n) it is rate that network n is supplied to user m,It is the minimum speed limit demand of voice service；
B), for flowing business:
f[δ(n),Rm(n)]=δ (n) ln (1+Rm(n))。
Step 2) the channel gain formula are as follows:
In formula:
g(Rm(n)) --- channel gain；
Sv --- meet sv ∈ { I, S }, I indicates voice service, and S flows business；
--- meet
For voice service,For flowing business,Wherein,
In above formula, g (Rm(n)) channel gain is indicated；
For voice service,
For flowing business,
The step 3) specifically:
3.1) network load factor is defined as:
In formula:
L (n) --- network load factor；
Ratemax(n) --- network n is capable of providing to the rate of ideal communication channel user；
C (n) --- the capacity of network n；
3.2) charging standard is defined as:
In formula:
K (n) --- charging standard；
ρ (n) --- regulatory factor；
--- regulatory factor；
L (n) --- network load factor；
3.3) rate charged are as follows:
For voice service, the rate charged is the rate value of QoS demand
For flowing business, the rate charged is the rate R that network providesm(n) and biggish rate requirement valueBetween smaller, i.e.,
3.4) cost value formula is expressed as follows:
In formula:
--- cost value；
Rsv--- for voice service, for flowing business,I.e.
The step 4) obtains utility function specifically:
4.1) weighting coefficient of each section is indicated with following symbol respectively:
ηqos(m) --- the corresponding weighting coefficient of QoS satisfaction；
ηgain(m) --- the corresponding weighting coefficient of channel gain；
ηcost(m) --- the corresponding weighting coefficient of user's cost
Also,
ηqos(m)+ηgain(m)+ηcost(m)=1；
4.2) calculation formula of utility function are as follows:
In formula:
--- the utility function of network n user's m business sv；
f[δ(n),Rm(n)] --- QoS satisfaction；
g(Rm(n)) --- channel gain；
--- cost value.
Utility function is normalized in the step 5) and is calculated, normalization utility function value is obtained specifically:
The minimum QoS rate value of every kind of business substitutes into the calculation formula of utility function:
For voice service:
For flowing business:
Utility functionIt is normalized as follows:
In formula, θ ∈ { dI,dS}.Compared with the prior art, the invention has the benefit that
The present invention provides the network selecting methods that service quality and network load are considered in a kind of heterogeneous network, consider simultaneously
Customer-side and network facet., customer-side considers differentiated service and the user preference of different business；Network facet is examined
Network load status and channel state information are considered.By the normalized to Network load status and channel state information,
The result of the optimal selection for carrying out network, the network selection for being makes user more satisfied, while more reducing the cost of user, improves
Resource utilization so that each Internet resources are more fully utilized, while also preferably having ensured that the QoS of user is needed
It asks.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is heterogeneous network communication scheme；
Fig. 2 is voice service QoS characteristic schematic diagram；
Fig. 3 is stream QoS of survice characteristic schematic diagram；
Fig. 4 is QLANS network selection scheme flow chart；
Fig. 5 is LTE voice service handling capacity simulation curve；
Fig. 6 is that LTE flows business throughput simulation curve；
Fig. 7 is LTE total throughout simulation curve；
Fig. 8 is WLAN single user handling capacity simulation curve；
Fig. 9 is WLAN total throughout simulation curve；
Figure 10 is total system handling capacity simulation curve；
Figure 11 is Network Load Balance factor simulation curve.
Specific embodiment
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawing.
Illustrate the system model communicated in heterogeneous network referring first to Fig. 1.Consider the heterogeneous network for thering is LTE and WLAN to set up
Network.There is N in LTELA user has N in WLANWA user, there is NnA new user.The covering radius of LTE network is RLTE, WLAN net
The covering radius of network is RWLAN.Original user in LTE and wlan network is uniformly distributed in corresponding region.NnA new user
In the overlapping covered of LTE and WLAN, and random distribution.
It is assumed that all user distributions are remain stationary after a certain location.The channel model of LTE network is Rayleigh channel, WLAN
For network since covering radius is small, channel is considered ideal.
In order to realize differentiated service, two kinds of business, voice service and stream business are considered.Voice service possesses minimum speed
Rate demand, is denoted as
Referring to the QoS characteristic of plain language sound business for Fig. 2.
For voice service, when the rate that network can provide is lower thanWhen, business can not carry out, at this time the QoS of user
Satisfaction is zero, when the rate that network provides is higher thanThe QoS demand of user is met at this time.It is more thanPart
The QoS satisfaction of voice service cannot be promoted.Because the bottleneck of performance boost is information source for voice service.Voice service
The rate of information source do not exceedChannel can provide the business feature that higher rate cannot change information source.
Referring to the QoS characteristic of free flow business for Fig. 3.
Rate requirement that there are two stream business,WithWhen channel conditions are poor, the rate requirement for flowing business isWhen channel conditions are preferable, the rate requirement for flowing business isWherein,When the speed that channel can provide
Rate is higher, and the QoS satisfaction of user is higher, and as the rate that network provides constantly increases, user's QoS satisfaction increase degree
Slowly become smaller.
In heterogeneous network, while considering user's factor and network factors, guarantee the QoS demand of user and maximizes wireless money
Source utilization rate, the invention proposes the network selecting methods that service quality and network load are considered in a kind of heterogeneous network.In in detail
Hold as follows:
By constructing utility function, coming while considering customer-side and network facet.Utility function is divided into 3 parts: QoS
Satisfaction part, channel gain component and user's cost part.
1) each network obtains the QoS satisfaction of service rate；
Consider voice service and stream business.In order to ensure the QoS demand of various businesses, analysis various businesses QoS first is needed
Characteristic is sought, obtains the relationship of rate Yu QoS satisfaction.
(1) voice service
When network n is supplied to the rate R of voice user mm(n) it is lower than minimum speed limit demandWhen, QoS satisfaction is 0,
It is not able to satisfy business primary demand；
Work as Rm(n) it is more than or equal toWhen, the QoS rate requirement of business is satisfied, if increasing rate again can not mention
The experience of high user, because the transmission rate of channel is sufficient for the needs of business at this time, service rate is limited to transmitting terminal speed
Rate rather than channel.
QoS satisfaction indicates in voice service utility function are as follows:
In formula:
f[δ(n),Rm(n)] --- QoS extent function；
The satisfaction weighting coefficient of δ (n) --- network n；
--- jump function, i.e.,
Rm(n) --- network n can be supplied to the rate of user m；
--- the minimum speed limit demand of voice service.
(2) business is flowed
There are two rate requirement values for stream business.When channel conditions are bad, rate requirement value isWork as Network status
When preferable, rate requirement value is
As the rate R that network providesm(n) it is lower than lower rate threshold valueWhen, business service stops, the QoS of business
Satisfaction is 0；
When the rate that network provides is not less thanWhen, with Rm(n) increase, QoS satisfaction are higher.And Rm(n) increase
When QoS satisfaction improve speed it is slower and slower, this is because the Minimum requirements of business have been met at this time, rate is mentioned
High demand is smaller and smaller.
QoS satisfaction can indicate in stream service utility function are as follows:
In formula:
f[δ(n),Rm(n)] --- QoS satisfaction；
The satisfaction weighting coefficient of δ (n) --- network n；
--- jump function, i.e.,
2) channel gain of each network is obtained
Channel conditions are better, then handling capacity is higher, and resource utilization is higher.Therefore, the channel conditions of network are better, allow
Channel gain component is bigger in utility function.The rate R provided with network nm(n) it indicates to believe with a distance from minimum speed limit demand
Road yield value, is shown below:
In formula:
g(Rm(n)) --- channel gain；
Sv --- meet sv ∈ { I, S }, indicates voice service or stream business；
--- meet
For voice service,For flowing business,
3) cost value that user pays is obtained according to network load, charging standard and the rate value of charge；The charge
Standard is network load and user demand network speed carries out the amount of money that toll level divides the every bit charge carried out；The charge
Rate value is for the rate more than QoS satisfaction demand
The cost that user pays is the smaller the better.The speed that the cost that user pays depends on charging standard and charges
Rate.Network load status is considered in cost part, adjust charging standard according to Network load status: network load L (n) is bigger,
In order to alleviate network pressure, higher charging standard is set, guides the user to select to load light network with this, to avoid net
Network congestion.Meanwhile network load is smaller, charging standard is lower, then advantageously reduces user's cost.Therefore, cost part is with net
Network load, charging standard are related with the rate charged.
(1) network load factor
Network load influences charging standard.Network resource remaining situation is first sought, and then acquires what Internet resources had been used
Situation, i.e. network load.
The maximum rate Rate for possessing ideal communication channel (without channel fading) user is supplied to by estimation network nmax(n)
Indicate residue of network organization resource, seeking surplus resources using the user of ideal communication channel is the interference in order to exclude channel conditions, completely
Surplus resources are estimated according to network resource utilization itself.Then using the total capacity C (n) of network n to Ratemax(n) into
Row normalization, has just obtained resources left ratio, and then obtain the ratio that resource has been utilized, i.e. network load.More than being based on
Analysis, network load factor is defined as:
In formula:
L (n) --- network load factor；
Ratemax(n) --- network n is capable of providing to the rate of ideal communication channel user；
C (n) --- the capacity of network n.
In order to reflect load balancing, defining the load balancing factor is that maximum network load is loaded with minimal network in heterogeneous network
Difference, be described as follows:
Bload=Lmax-Lmin
In formula:
Bload--- the load balancing factor；
Lmax--- maximum network load；
Lmin--- minimal network load.
BloadSmaller expression, which is supported in heterogeneous network, to distribute more balanced, more can effectively utilize resource.
(2) charging standard
Charging standard is defined as the amount of money charged to every bit.In order to avoid network congestion, network load is bigger, charge mark
It is quasi- higher.It loads bigger network new access request is more eager to be transferred to other networks, to more effectively realize that network is negative
Equilibrium is carried, therefore, and with the increase of network load, what charging standard improved is getting faster.Based on this, using the form of index
To indicate charging standard.It is analyzed based on above, charging standard is defined as:
In formula:
K (n) --- charging standard；
ρ (n) --- regulatory factor；
--- regulatory factor；
L (n) --- network load factor.
(3) rate charged
User need to only pay a price for the part rate of QoS demand, and the part rate more than QoS demand is that network is
Resource is made full use of to give user, user is not required to as the payment of this part.Based on the above analysis, the rate charged are as follows:
For voice service, the rate charged is the rate value of QoS demand
For flowing business, the rate charged is the rate R that network providesm(n) and biggish rate requirement valueBetween smaller, i.e.,
Cost part is formulated as follows:
In formula:
--- cost value；
Rsv--- for voice service, for flowing business, i.e.,
K (n) --- charging standard；
L (n) --- network load factor.
4) user preference
According to the preference of user, the relationship of QoS satisfaction, channel gain and cost value are weighted respectively, obtained
Utility function, and utility function is normalized and is calculated, obtain normalization utility function value.
Since different users has different preferences to service experience and the cost etc. paid, for the knot for selecting network
The preference of fruit more symbol user is arranged the various pieces in utility function according to the preference of user when constructing utility function
Corresponding weighting coefficient.Which part user, which more lies in, is just arranged biggish weighted value to the part.It is indicated respectively with following symbol
The weighting coefficient of each section:
ηqos(m) --- the corresponding weighting coefficient of QoS satisfaction；
ηgain(m) --- the corresponding weighting coefficient of channel gain；
ηcost(m) --- the corresponding weighting coefficient of user's cost.
Also,
ηqos(m)+ηgain(m)+ηcost(m)=1
The above analysis, the calculation formula of utility function are as follows:
In formula:
--- the utility function of network n user's m business sv；
f[δ(n),Rm(n)] --- QoS satisfaction；
g(Rm(n)) --- channel gain；
--- cost value；
In order to compare the utility function of different business, need that utility function is normalized.
Utility function normalization:
In order to compare the utility function of different business, need that utility function is normalized.Normalized utility function
User satisfaction is reflected with a distance from basic QoS demand.The minimum QoS rate value of every kind of business is substituted into the meter of utility function
Calculate formula:
For voice service:
For flowing business:
Utility functionIt is normalized as follows:
In formula, θ ∈ { dI,dS}。
5) user's selection possesses the network of maximum normalization utility function value, and network selection possesses maximum utility functional value
User access；
6) it repeats step 1) and arrives step 5), until all users access network or inadequate resource.
Illustratively, the process of network selection is illustrated in conjunction with Fig. 4:
To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:
Network selection procedures are described below.For convenience of elaboration, it is defined as follows symbol.
N={ n1,n2,...,nα--- candidate network set；
--- new user's set；
--- selection network niUser set.
User selects the network for possessing maximum normalization utility function.Work as setAfter determination, network niFromMiddle choosing
Select the user m for possessing maximum utility functional value*It is accessed:
For some user, when multiple candidate networks possess equal maximum normalization utility function value simultaneously, in order to
User satisfaction is improved, user's selection can provide the network n of maximum rate*It is accessed:
Consider that voice service priority is higher than stream business, for network ni, when multiple users possess maximum normalization simultaneously
It is preferential that voice user is selected to access when utility function value.
It is summarized as follows in the heterogeneous network of proposition based on the QoS network selection scheme ensured:
(1) it initializes:ηqos(m), ηgain(m), ηcost(m), δ (n),
(2) estimate Rm(n) and Ratemax(n)；
(3) network n broadcasts Rm(n), Ratemax(n), C (n)；
(4) simultaneously normalization utility function value is calculated
(5) each user's selection possesses the network of maximum normalization utility function value, generates
(6) network ni(ni∈ N) select the user for possessing maximum normalization utility function value to access；
(7) step 2-6 is repeated until all users access network or inadequate resource, and the QoS for not being able to satisfy new user is needed
It asks.
QLANS network selection scheme proposed by the present invention is the design based on utility function, while considering business demand
Characteristic, channel conditions, user's cost, network load and user preference, and unitized utility function shape is provided for each network
Formula.Computation complexity is low, it is easy to accomplish, there is preferable practicability.
Simulation result and analysis of the invention.
Fig. 5 is LTE voice service handling capacity simulation curve figure.It can be seen from the figure that the QLANS scheme proposed can be compared with
Good guaranteed qos demand.With the increase of the total number of users of network, access LTE user slowly becomes more under QLANS strategy, so that
Single user handling capacity slowly declines under the premise of meeting QoS demand in LTE.
Fig. 6 is that LTE flows business throughput simulation curve figure.It can be seen from the figure that under the QLANS scheme of proposition with
The increase of total number of users, LTE flows the throughput degradation of business single user, but handling capacity is both greater than QoS Minimum requirements, preferable to protect
The QoS of user is hindered.
Fig. 7 is LTE network total throughout simulation curve figure.From the figure, it can be seen that the QLANS scheme proposed can obtain
Bigger handling capacity, is more effectively utilized radio resource.
Fig. 8 is WLAN single user handling capacity simulation curve figure.From the figure, it can be seen that under QLANS scheme, single user
Handling capacity ensure that the QoS demand of user well, and since QLANS considers Network Load Balance, so that wlan network
It is unlikely to load excessive, therefore the handling capacity that single user obtains preferably has ensured user's higher than the handling capacity of comparison scheme
QoS demand.
Fig. 9 is WLAN total throughout simulation curve figure.From the figure, it can be seen that under QLANS scheme, WLAN total throughout
It is apparently higher than comparison scheme.This is because QLANS scheme effectively realizes the load balancing between heterogeneous networks, so that WLAN net
Network resource is more effectively utilized.
Figure 10 is the simulation curve figure for the total system handling capacity that LTE and WLAN is set up.From the figure, it can be seen that in QLANS
Under scheme, total system handling capacity is apparently higher than comparison scheme.This is because QLANS adjusts charge mark using load factor in real time
Standard with realize network equilibrium, avoid some network due to load excessive performance sharp fall.Provide enough wireless money
The utilization efficiency in source.
Figure 11 is Network Load Balance factor simulation curve figure.It can see clearly that from figure, the scheme of proposition has
The disequilibrium for reducing network load of effect so that each Internet resources are more fully utilized, while also preferably being protected
The QoS demand of user is hindered.
Claims (3)
1. considering the network selecting method of service quality and network load in a kind of heterogeneous network, which is characterized in that including following step
It is rapid:
1) each network obtains the QoS satisfaction of service rate；
The business includes voice service and stream business, by analysis voice service and flows the QoS characteristic of business, obtain rate with
The relationship of QoS satisfaction, formula description are as follows:
A), for voice service:
Wherein,
In above formula, f [δ (n), Rm(n)] QoS satisfaction is indicated, δ (n) is Dynamic gene,For jump function,
Rm(n) it is rate that network n is supplied to user m,It is the minimum speed limit demand of voice service；
B), for flowing business:
In formula:
f[δ(n),Rm(n)] --- QoS satisfaction；
The satisfaction weighting coefficient of δ (n) --- network n；
--- jump function, i.e.,
2) channel gain of each network is obtained；
Channel gain formula are as follows:
In formula:
g(Rm(n)) --- channel gain；
Sv --- meet sv ∈ { I, S }, I indicates voice service, and S flows business；
--- meet
For voice service,For flowing business,Wherein,In above formula, g
(Rm(n)) channel gain is indicated；
3) cost value that user pays is obtained according to network load, charging standard and the rate value of charge；The charging standard
The amount of money that toll level divides the every bit carried out charge is carried out for network load and user demand network speed；The rate of the charge
Value is for the rate more than QoS satisfaction demand；
3.1) network load factor is defined as:
In formula:
L (n) --- network load factor；
Ratemax(n) --- network n is capable of providing to the rate of ideal communication channel user；
C (n) --- the capacity of network n；
3.2) charging standard is defined as:
In formula:
K (n) --- charging standard；
ρ (n) --- cost partial linear regulatory factor；
--- cost part index number regulatory factor；
L (n) --- network load factor；
3.3) rate charged are as follows:
For voice service, the rate charged is the rate value of QoS demand
For flowing business, the rate charged is the rate R that network providesm(n) and biggish rate requirement valueIt
Between smaller, i.e.,
3.4) cost value formula is expressed as follows:
In formula:
--- cost value；
Rsv--- for voice service,For flowing business,I.e.
4) according to the preference of user, the relationship of QoS satisfaction, channel gain and cost value are weighted respectively, obtain effect
With function, and utility function is normalized and is calculated, obtains normalization utility function value；
Obtain utility function specifically:
4.1) weighting coefficient of each section is indicated with following symbol respectively:
ηqos(m) --- the corresponding weighting coefficient of QoS satisfaction；
ηgain(m) --- the corresponding weighting coefficient of channel gain；
ηcost(m) --- the corresponding weighting coefficient of user's cost
Also, ηqos(m)+ηgain(m)+ηcost(m)=1；
4.2) calculation formula of utility function are as follows:
In formula:
δ (n) --- the regulatory factor of QoS satisfaction
--- the utility function of network n user's m business sv；
f[δ(n),Rm(n)] --- QoS satisfaction；
g(Rm(n)) --- channel gain；
--- cost value；
5) user's selection possesses the network of maximum normalization utility function value, and network selection possesses maximum normalization utility function
The user of value accesses；
6) it repeats step 1) and arrives step 5), until all users access network or inadequate resource.
2. considering the network selecting method of service quality and network load, feature in heterogeneous network according to claim 1
It is, the utility function calculation formula are as follows:
Utility function=QoS satisfaction+channel gain-cost value.
3. considering the network selecting method of service quality and network load, feature in heterogeneous network according to claim 1
It is, utility function is normalized in the step 4) and is calculated, normalization utility function value is obtained specifically:
The minimum QoS rate value of every kind of business substitutes into the calculation formula of utility function:
For voice service:
For flowing business:
Utility functionIt is normalized as follows:
In formula, θ ∈ { dI,dS}。
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| CN103796244A (en) * | 2014-03-07 | 2014-05-14 | 国家电网公司 | Balanced-load wireless multi-heterogeneous-network access selection method |
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