CN1048668C - Downstream mould portion with thin sidewalls for continuous casting - Google Patents
Downstream mould portion with thin sidewalls for continuous casting Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1048668C CN1048668C CN95106584A CN95106584A CN1048668C CN 1048668 C CN1048668 C CN 1048668C CN 95106584 A CN95106584 A CN 95106584A CN 95106584 A CN95106584 A CN 95106584A CN 1048668 C CN1048668 C CN 1048668C
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- downstream
- casting mold
- mold structure
- cooling
- cooling fluid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/12—Accessories for subsequent treating or working cast stock in situ
- B22D11/124—Accessories for subsequent treating or working cast stock in situ for cooling
- B22D11/1243—Accessories for subsequent treating or working cast stock in situ for cooling by using cooling grids or cooling plates
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/04—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into open-ended moulds
- B22D11/055—Cooling the moulds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/12—Accessories for subsequent treating or working cast stock in situ
- B22D11/128—Accessories for subsequent treating or working cast stock in situ for removing
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Continuous Casting (AREA)
- Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Casting Or Compression Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Furnace Housings, Linings, Walls, And Ceilings (AREA)
Abstract
Downstream mould portion with thin sidewalls for continuous casting of slabs, billets or blooms, which is applied to a mould comprising at least a crystalliser cooperating with a discharge nozzle suitable to discharge the molten metal to be cast, the crystalliser being associated with a closed-circuit primary cooling system with cooling fluid under pressure, the cooling system comprising a first cooling chamber with an inner circulation of cooling fluid, the downstream mould portion consisting of a plurality of independent elements defining a cross-section substantially the same as that of the slab, billet or bloom passing through, each element of the downstream mould portion comprising at least one outer sidewall and one inner sidewall which define a second closed chamber for the circulation of a cooling fluid under pressure, the outer sidewall cooperating with means to feed and means to discharge the cooling fluid, the inner sidewall in contact with the slab, billet or bloom having a continuous resilient thickness of the order of 4 to 10 mm., the pressure of the cooling fluid being governed functionally by the thrusts and deformations of the inner sidewall due to overheating.
Description
The invention relates to a downstream casting mold part that has thin sidewalls that is used to cast continuously.
This downstream casting mold structure among the present invention is applicable to that slim and medium-sized slab, square billet and big shaped blooms etc. have the continuous casting of round, square, polygon or other cross sectional shape goods.
Below our description mainly analyze with regard to steel billet, but as mentioned above, the product that the downstream casting mold structure in this invention is produced applicable to all continuous castings.
Well-known problem is exactly the cooling of casting steel billet in the continuous casting process.In fact, this cooling procedure should make the casting steel billet solidify as quickly as possible, will avoid simultaneously producing tension force in the shaping epidermis.
This tension force usually can cause forming crack or distortion on peeling, and crack and distortion can reduce the quality level of manufactured goods.
Prior art has been proposed on the outlet position of oscillatory type crystallizer of the concrete shape of decision casting steel billet and the prolongation thereof a downstream casting mold structure is set, and this downstream casting mold structure has a reinforcement cooling system.
In this casting mold structure, because the effect of highly efficient cooling device, the heat in the steel billet can be removed very soon.
In some cases, cooling liquid directly contacts with the curing epidermis of steel billet, the performance cooling effect.
Because a liquid core is arranged in steel billet, this reinforcement cooling will cause mixed and disorderly crystalline texture, thereby causes many quality problems, as the fragility of steel billet, and the crack that inner tensions forms, central core lacks continuity etc.
All these shortcomings all are unfavorable for the use of casting and further processing.
Comprise dissimilar downstream casting mold structures in the prior art, be used to make cross section and be square, rectangle or round steel billet.
The cross section is that the steel billet of square or rectangle is normally used four or more member, constitutes four limits of pros or rectangle, but then is separated from each other at edge.
The cross section is circular steel billet, is to form by circumferential arrangement with the hull shape member, as shown in EP-A-0268143 as can be seen.
US-A-2 has set forth a downstream casting mold structure that helical groove is arranged in 698,467 on its periphery; But this part file does not tell how we can adjust the size of downstream casting mold structure, makes it to match with the size of the steel billet of actual process, and fails to guarantee steel billet is produced the pressure of expection yet.
How told about for the applicant's EP-A-0367024 number provides a kind of downstream casting mold structure, it comprises independently a plurality of, movably and from the member of being aligned, the limit that the limit of each member is adjacent member has formed the slit, they do not parallel with the axis and the epidermis of foundry goods.
This technology although be gratifying, but still can not address the above problem fully, makes, uses, safeguards this covering device more complicated, nor can guarantee to reach cooling level fully efficiently.
CH-B-357, No. 835 patent disclosures a kind of downstream casting mold structure, it comprises a cooling chamber, and the cooling liquid of circulation is arranged in the cooling chamber, its sidewall contacts with the casting epidermis that stretches in cooling chamber; The epidermis of this stretching, extension can make the sidewall of downstream casting mold structure itself harder.
Order of the present invention is to propose a kind of downstream casting mold structure, and it is applied in the continuous casting, makes to realize that a kind of efficient cooling of strengthening fast becomes possibility.
According to the present invention, the downstream casting mold structure that has thin sidewalls that is used to cast continuously steel billet links to each other with casting mold, casting mold comprises a crystallizer at least, a cast gate matches with crystallizer, emit the motlten metal that is used for ingot casting in the cast gate, crystallizer and the elementary cooling system of closed cycle link, cooling fluid circulates in this cooling system under pressure, cooling system includes one first cooling chamber, cooling fluid circulates in this cooling chamber, the downstream casting mold structure comprises some individual members, their form an essentially identical passage of steel billet cross section with process, each member of downstream casting mold structure comprises at least one lateral wall and a madial wall, they define one second cooling chamber so that cooling fluid circulates under pressure, lateral wall cooperates with mechanism with input and discharging cooling fluid, the continuous elastic thickness that it is characterized in that the madial wall that contacts with steel billet of downstream casting mold structure is 4 to 10 millimeters, and wherein the pressure of cooling fluid depends on because the distortion of the overheated madial wall that causes reaches the jacking force to madial wall.
According to the present invention, the madial wall of downstream casting mold structure, promptly towards the sidewall of the steel billet of process, it should have one can make himself whippy structure, its ideal thickness such as above-mentioned be between 4 to 10 millimeters, preferably 5 to 6 millimeters.
According to the present invention, because the outside natural tendency of distortion of the madial wall that high temperature and suitable depth cause, offset with the internal pressure of circulating cooling liquid in second cooling chamber.
Therefore, the pressure of cooling fluid depends on the pushing tow of madial wall when overheated and outwards distortion.
Cooling fluid makes it produce a flexible interior jacking force to the pressure of madial wall, has offset the tension force that is produced by overheating deforming, thereby has made madial wall be close to the curing epidermis of steel billet.
Cooling fluid under the pressure and more stable, uniform heat exchange between the steel billet have so just been formed.
According to a kind of flexible form, each member that constitutes the downstream casting mold structure is made of a plurality of continuous big extremely vertical plates.
According to further accommodation, the angle of steel billet can't help all that circulating cooling liquid cools off in the cooling chamber, its objective is to reduce steel billet epidermis crack in a longitudinal direction.
In the another kind of flexible mode, the angle of steel billet can, for example carry out part and cool off by water spray.
According to the present invention, the wall towards second cooling chamber of pressures cycle cooling fluid of lateral wall forms by this way, but the i.e. outermost liquid stream of its disturbance cooling fluid, thus make cooling fluid produce eddy current at the volley, to promote exchange heat.
According to a kind of flexible mode, fluting or other perturbations are set on the wall of madial wall of suggestion in downstream casting mold structure second cooling chamber, this helps disturbance outermost layer liquid stream, thereby further strengthens heat exchange.
In another flexible mode, form on the lateral wall wall of the downstream casting mold structure in interior second cooling chamber that circulating cooling liquid arranged and enlarge or dwindle the zone, thereby make cooling fluid reach a kind of state of turbulent flow.
The member that constitutes the downstream casting mold structure preferably links to each other with elastic pressure mechanism, be suitable for keeping and the steel billet of process between continuous action.
In the accompanying drawing for be a nonrestrictive example, shown the several preferred embodiments among the present invention:
Fig. 1 is the longitdinal cross-section diagram that has the continuous casting casting mold of downstream of the present invention casting mold structure;
Fig. 2 is the longitudinal section of the amplification of lower mold structure side wall part of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is along the cross-sectional view of A-A line among Fig. 1;
A kind of flexible mode of Fig. 4 presentation graphs 3;
A kind of flexible mode of Fig. 5 presentation graphs 2;
Fig. 6 is the cross-sectional view of a part of downstream of the present invention casting mold structure;
Fig. 7 is along the cross-sectional view of B-B line among Fig. 2.
A downstream casting mold structure 10 according to the present invention links to each other with casting mold 11, comprises among the casting mold ii that 12, one cast gates 13 of a crystallizer are arranged in crystallizer 12, and its outlet is usually located under the meniscus of molten metal bath.
Crystallizer 12 has the elementary cooling system of a closed cycle, and this cooling system contains that to be used for first cooling chamber, 23, the first cooling chambers 23 of circulating cooling liquid adjacent with crystallizer sidewall in the face of motlten metal.
The ground floor 14 that steel billet 22 solidifies epidermis forms in crystallizer 12, and the core 15 of casting steel billet herein still is in liquid condition.
Downstream of the present invention casting mold structure 10 is in the outlet and prolongation of crystallizer 12.
Downstream casting mold structure 10 shown in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 in the example contains four part 10a, arranges along the periphery of steel billet 22, and the size of the cross sectional dimensions of formed passage and steel billet 22 self is roughly mated.
It seems the cross section of cast article square greatly most in Fig. 3 example, the cross section of cast article rectangle greatly most in the example among the figure especially from shape.
Each part 10a contains a box-like structure, and it comprises first lateral wall 16 and second madial wall 17, between these sidewalls 16-17, has formed one or more second cooling chambers 18, is used for the pressurized cooling fluid that circulates.
The same at least conduit 29 of lateral wall 16 links with the input pressurized cooling fluid, and same at least conduit 19 links with the discharging pressurized cooling fluid, and conduit 19-20 links to regulate and closing liquid mobile with mechanism 28.
According to the present invention, the natural tendency of madial wall 17 is owing to will outwards be out of shape with the greatly heat exchange of steel billet 22, this trend since the thickness of madial wall 17 itself and more remarkable, this trend can be offset by the pressure of the cooling fluid of circulation in second cooling chamber 18.
This pressure is to madial wall 17 generation effects, and causes to steel billet 22 and form a kind of elasticity pushing tow, thereby offset because the pushing tow that distortion produces, thereby in fact makes madial wall 17 remain on the state that the curing epidermis 14 with steel billet 22 adheres to mutually.
This can make and keep the stable exchange heat that continues between cooling fluid and the steel billet 22 simultaneously, and this exchange heat also reaches very high level when madial wall 17 reaches ideal thickness.
According to the present invention, the shape of the wall of the lateral wall 16 in second cooling chamber 18 and structure should be beneficial to disturbance liquid stream and the eddy current of generation cooling fluid, with the efficient of heat exchange between the madial wall 17 that improves cooling fluid and downstream casting mold structure.
In as Fig. 2 and structure shown in Figure 5, express flexible mode, as shown in the figure dwindle zone 26 and enlarged area 27, purpose is to make the desired eddy current of formation in the circulating fluid.
The zone 27 of these expansions and the zone 26 that dwindles can show as polygonal (Fig. 5) or V font (Fig. 2), strengthen exchange heat to produce eddy current in liquid.
According to a kind of flexible mode, the side of facing second cooling chamber 18 that is used for circulating cooling liquid of madial wall 17 includes a large amount of stirring structures, show as groove 21 in this example, cooling fluid flows in the groove and then can flow and outermost layer liquid stream by disturbance liquid, causes the further reinforcement to exchange heat.
According to the present invention, groove 21 can be a horizontal direction, the 21a of level of approximation direction or the 21b of incline direction (as Fig. 7).
Each part 10a of downstream casting mold structure 10 includes spring 24, and it links with fixed support structure 25, be suitable for keeping madial wall 17 and the steel billet 22 that moves between contact, thereby steel billet 22 is produced predetermined pressures.
According to the flexible mode of Fig. 4, each part 10a that forms downstream casting mold structure 10 includes a plurality of vertically adjacent plates 110, and each plate 110 comprises madial wall 17 and the lateral wall 18 of oneself and is used for second cooling chamber 18 of circulating cooling liquid.
According to a kind of flexible mode, these vertical plates 110 can be cooperated with positioning spring 24 independently, make and produce independently adaptability between them.
Claims (12)
1. be used to cast continuously the downstream casting mold structure (10) that has thin sidewalls of steel billet, it links to each other with casting mold (11), casting mold (11) comprises a crystallizer (12) at least, a cast gate (13) matches with crystallizer (12), cast gate is emitted the motlten metal that is used for ingot casting in (13), crystallizer (12) links with the elementary cooling system of closed cycle, cooling fluid circulates in this cooling system under pressure, cooling system includes one first cooling chamber (23), cooling fluid circulates in this cooling chamber, the downstream casting mold structure comprises some individual members (10a), their form an essentially identical passage of steel billet cross section with process, each member (10a) of downstream casting mold structure comprises at least one lateral wall (16) and a madial wall (17), they define one second cooling chamber so that cooling fluid circulates under pressure, lateral wall (16) and mechanism (19,20) cooperate with input and discharging cooling fluid, the continuous elastic thickness that it is characterized in that the madial wall (17) that contacts with steel billet (22) of downstream casting mold structure is 4 to 10 millimeters, and wherein the pressure of cooling fluid depends on because the distortion of the overheated madial wall that causes reaches the jacking force to madial wall.
2. downstream as claimed in claim 1 casting mold structure is characterized in that the thickness of madial wall is about 5 to 6 millimeters.
3. downstream as claimed in claim 1 or 2 casting mold structure, the side towards second cooling chamber (18) that is used for circulating cooling liquid that it is characterized in that madial wall (17) includes and is used for the outermost structures of disturbance cooling fluid current (21), thereby disturb the motion of cooling fluid, to produce eddy current therein.
4. downstream as claimed in claim 3 casting mold structure, it is characterized in that being used for the outermost structure of disturbance cooling fluid (21) and include level trough (21a) or tipper (21b), they be positioned at madial wall (17) on the wall of second cooling chamber (18) of circulating cooling liquid.
5. downstream as claimed in claim 1 casting mold structure is characterized in that the side of facing second cooling chamber (18) that is used for circulating cooling liquid of lateral wall (16) includes the staggered enlarged area (27) that links up and dwindles zone (26), in order to the disturbance of aggravation to cooling fluid.
6. downstream as claimed in claim 1 casting mold structure is characterized in that the enlarged area (27) that links up and dwindles zone (26) to have polygon.
7. downstream as claimed in claim 5 casting mold structure is characterized in that enlarged area (27) that links up and the shape of dwindling zone (26) are suitable for circulating fluid is produced effect in the venturi.
8. downstream as claimed in claim 1 casting mold structure is characterized in that the width of the width of member (10a) less than the steel billet corresponding sides.
9. downstream as claimed in claim 1 casting mold structure is characterized in that the angle of steel billet (22) is not cooled.
10. downstream as claimed in claim 1 casting mold structure is characterized in that angle to the small part of steel billet (22) is cooled off with water spray.
11. downstream as claimed in claim 1 casting mold structure is characterized in that each member (10a) of forming downstream casting mold structure (10) includes several plates (110), plate (110) is adjacent separately, and is basically parallel to the axis of steel billet (22) motion.
12. downstream as claimed in claim 1 casting mold structure (10), wherein member (10a) interrelates with detent mechanism, so that steel billet (22) is produced elastic pressure.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| IT94UD000093A IT1267246B1 (en) | 1994-06-06 | 1994-06-06 | WALL UNDERLAY FOR CONTINUOUS CASTING |
| IT000093A/94 | 1994-06-06 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1116140A CN1116140A (en) | 1996-02-07 |
| CN1048668C true CN1048668C (en) | 2000-01-26 |
Family
ID=11421590
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN95106584A Expired - Fee Related CN1048668C (en) | 1994-06-06 | 1995-06-05 | Downstream mould portion with thin sidewalls for continuous casting |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0686444B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1048668C (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE190879T1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE69515726T2 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2142971T3 (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1267246B1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102007002405A1 (en) | 2007-01-17 | 2008-07-24 | Sms Demag Ag | Continuous casting mold with coolant channel |
| DE102017206914A1 (en) | 2017-04-25 | 2018-10-25 | Sms Group Gmbh | Continuous casting mold with flow-optimized cooling |
| CN113015587B (en) * | 2018-11-09 | 2022-12-27 | 杰富意钢铁株式会社 | Mold for continuous casting of steel and method for continuous casting of steel |
| CN111482565B (en) * | 2020-04-21 | 2021-06-01 | 北京科技大学 | Compact multi-section small-sized cast rod continuous casting crystallizer system |
| CN114042879A (en) * | 2021-11-25 | 2022-02-15 | 北京科技大学 | Horizontal continuous casting crystallizer with enhanced cooling |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CH357835A (en) * | 1958-02-01 | 1961-10-31 | Schloemann Ag | Continuous casting facility |
| US3688833A (en) * | 1970-11-03 | 1972-09-05 | Vladimir Alexandrovich Bykov | Secondary cooling system for continuous casting plants |
| JPS59141347A (en) * | 1983-02-01 | 1984-08-14 | Kuroki Kogyosho:Kk | Mold for continuous casting |
| EP0268143A2 (en) * | 1986-11-19 | 1988-05-25 | Concast Standard Ag | Method and mould for the continuous casting of metallic strands, especially steel strands |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2698467A (en) | 1950-06-05 | 1955-01-04 | Edward W Osann Jr | Method and apparatus for the continuous casting of metal |
| FR1465163A (en) * | 1966-01-21 | 1967-01-06 | Concast Ag | Method and device for cooling hot metal, in particular continuously cast metal |
| JPS59141348A (en) * | 1983-02-01 | 1984-08-14 | Kuroki Kogyosho:Kk | Mold for continuous casting |
| IT1226913B (en) | 1988-10-31 | 1991-02-22 | Stefano Arici | CONTINUOUS STEEL CASTING EQUIPMENT. |
-
1994
- 1994-06-06 IT IT94UD000093A patent/IT1267246B1/en active IP Right Grant
-
1995
- 1995-05-24 DE DE69515726T patent/DE69515726T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-05-24 EP EP95107943A patent/EP0686444B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-05-24 AT AT95107943T patent/ATE190879T1/en active
- 1995-05-24 ES ES95107943T patent/ES2142971T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-06-05 CN CN95106584A patent/CN1048668C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CH357835A (en) * | 1958-02-01 | 1961-10-31 | Schloemann Ag | Continuous casting facility |
| US3688833A (en) * | 1970-11-03 | 1972-09-05 | Vladimir Alexandrovich Bykov | Secondary cooling system for continuous casting plants |
| JPS59141347A (en) * | 1983-02-01 | 1984-08-14 | Kuroki Kogyosho:Kk | Mold for continuous casting |
| EP0268143A2 (en) * | 1986-11-19 | 1988-05-25 | Concast Standard Ag | Method and mould for the continuous casting of metallic strands, especially steel strands |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ES2142971T3 (en) | 2000-05-01 |
| EP0686444A1 (en) | 1995-12-13 |
| DE69515726D1 (en) | 2000-04-27 |
| EP0686444B1 (en) | 2000-03-22 |
| ITUD940093A1 (en) | 1995-12-06 |
| IT1267246B1 (en) | 1997-01-28 |
| DE69515726T2 (en) | 2000-11-23 |
| ATE190879T1 (en) | 2000-04-15 |
| CN1116140A (en) | 1996-02-07 |
| ITUD940093A0 (en) | 1994-06-06 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| RU2388572C2 (en) | Continuous casting unit for billets or blooms | |
| KR20070058968A (en) | Mould for continuous casting metal | |
| CN1096902C (en) | Continuous casting method, and device therefor | |
| CN1074954C (en) | Method and apparatus for manufacture of formable steel | |
| CN1048668C (en) | Downstream mould portion with thin sidewalls for continuous casting | |
| CN102806325B (en) | Twin-belt casting machine and method of continuous slab casting | |
| AU757475B2 (en) | High speed continuous casting device and relative method | |
| CN1909994A (en) | Die cavity of a casting die for continuously casting billets and blooms | |
| KR101028564B1 (en) | Structure of mold for preventing contraction dead bolt area of cylinder block | |
| US4789021A (en) | Short mold for continuous casting | |
| CN1046450C (en) | Guide system for continuously cast metal | |
| CN111618260B (en) | Method and apparatus for manufacturing metal continuous casting rod | |
| CN1241700C (en) | Method and strand guide for supporting, guiding and cooling casting strands made of steel, especially preliminary sections for girders | |
| JPS60162564A (en) | Vertical type continuous casting method | |
| US3799239A (en) | Method for continuous casting of metal | |
| KR102586134B1 (en) | Apparatus of manufacturing roll for hot rolling | |
| CN2288798Y (en) | tubular continuous casting mould | |
| CN1121852A (en) | Method and mould for semi-continuous casting metal grinding body for ball grinder | |
| CN1430540A (en) | Device for continuously casting metal, particularly steel | |
| CN1130109A (en) | Split water-cooling steel inpot dieset and its producing method | |
| RU15675U1 (en) | CONTINUOUS CASTING MACHINE CRYSTALIZER | |
| CN1502432A (en) | Blank drawing technology for crystallizer of conticaster and special crystallizer structure | |
| WO1988000867A1 (en) | Cluster casting machine and method | |
| CN1482951A (en) | Nozzle equipped with a bar for introducing molten metal into an ingot mould for continuous metal casting | |
| KR20040097142A (en) | Adjustment of heat transfer in continuous casting moulds in particular in the region of the meniscus |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| C19 | Lapse of patent right due to non-payment of the annual fee | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |