CN104863631B - The optimization method that reduction uranium ore gaseous effluent is endangered surrounding enviroment - Google Patents
The optimization method that reduction uranium ore gaseous effluent is endangered surrounding enviroment Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
It is a kind of to reduce the optimization method that uranium ore gaseous effluent is endangered surrounding enviroment, a conical nozzle is installed additional in the well head of uranium ore returnairshaft, by reducing the sectional area that uranium ore gaseous effluent is exported, the purpose of reduction surrounding enviroment near-earth pollutants in air concentration is realized in the way of increasing exit velocity and effective release altitude.The determination of conical nozzle outlet diameter is to utilize near surface gaseous effluent concentration at returnairshaft leeward central axis and returnairshaft well head diameter DiBetween theoretical formula（10）The distribution of near-earth air pollutant concentration in the range of 2000 meters on returnairshaft leeward central shaft is calculated, by reducing well head diameter DiTo reduce well head ambient air pollutant concentration, when pollutant concentration is no longer with well head diameter DiReduction when having large change, the returnairshaft well head diameter D that can be optimizedi, well head diameter DiAs conical nozzle outlet diameter, so as to realize the optimization of uranium ore returnairshaft periphery gaseous contaminant prevention and control.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to uranium mining technical field, particularly one kind reduces the outflow of uranium ore gaseous state during uranium mining
The optimization method that thing is endangered surrounding enviroment.
Background technology
The harmful substances such as substantial amounts of radionuclide radon and its daughter, Uranium-Mineral Dust can be produced during uranium mining, this
A little Uranium Industry waste gas, mine dust are discharged into air by the returnairshaft 1 building in rock mass 2, are discharged into these uranium in air
The health of ore deposit industrial waste gas, mine dust meeting severe contamination uranium ore surrounding enviroment and harm staff or neighbouring resident.At present, to uranium
Mine gaseous effluent is discharged using from the near surface of returnairshaft 1 mostly, therefore gas in the surrounding area certain limit of uranium ore returnairshaft 1
State emissions concentration causes mining area staff or neighbouring Exposure dose significantly to increase apparently higher than other areas.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned not enough of prior art and provide a kind of reduction uranium ore gaseous effluent to week
The optimization method of surrounding environment harm, by changing uranium ore returnairshaft caliber size, increases effective release altitude of gaseous effluent
To reduce waste gas to the harm of surrounding enviroment and ensure that returnairshaft nearby residents are additional and be in national regulation by according to dose of radiation
Within dose limit.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is：It is a kind of to reduce the optimization side that uranium ore gaseous effluent is endangered surrounding enviroment
Method, a conical nozzle is installed additional in the well head of uranium ore returnairshaft, by reducing the sectional area that uranium ore gaseous effluent is exported, to increase
The mode of large outlet flow velocity and effective release altitude reduces the purpose of surrounding enviroment near-earth pollutants in air concentration to realize.
Research shows：Uranium ore returnairshaft gaseous contaminant is focused primarily upon in the range of 2000 meters of well head periphery, in this region
Outer contaminated degree is relatively low；Pollutant migration and diffusion distance is farthest under level terrain, and along along returnairshaft leeward central shaft
Pollutant concentration highest.
The straight of in the case where ventilation and pollutant discharge amount are constant returnairshaft is derived based on Gaussian plume model
Footpath and the calculation formula of near-earth air pollutant concentration, optimize design, and utilize by the formula to the well head of returnairshaft
The formula is carried out for the near-earth air pollutants level in the range of 2000 meters of level terrain returnairshaft leeward central axis
Optimization.
The well head diameter and near surface gaseous state on mine leeward central axis of level terrain returnairshaft are derived first
Theoretical formula between effluent concentration, theoretical formula derivation is as follows：Gas before and after conical nozzle is added according to returnairshaft well head
Relation formula between state effluent and conical nozzle diameter：
（1）
Formula（1）In：S1For the sectional area of returnairshaft well head, S2For the sectional area of conical nozzle mouthpiece, unit is m2；V1For
Plus the gaseous effluent muzzle velocity before conical nozzle, V2To add the gaseous effluent muzzle velocity after conical nozzle, unit is
m/s。
According to formula（1）Obtain plus conical nozzle after gaseous effluent exit velocity, then by the gaseous effluent tried to achieve
The gaseous effluent mean concentration that exit velocity expression formula and measurement are obtained substitutes into gaseous effluent release rate formula：
（2）
Formula（2）In：Q is release rate, and unit is Bqs-1；C0For gaseous effluent mean concentration, unit is Bq/m3；P is
Well head gaseous state effluent stream rate, unit is m3/s；S is the sectional area of returnairshaft and any monitoring surface of conical nozzle, and unit is m2；V
It is the mean flow rate of returnairshaft and any monitoring surface gaseous effluent of conical nozzle, unit is m/s.
According to formula（2）Try to achieve the relation between gaseous effluent release rate and hole diameter：
（3）
Formula（3）In：Di is returnairshaft well head diameter, and unit is m.
Pass between the known effective release altitude h of plume and returnairshaft hole diameter and gaseous effluent exit velocity three
System：
（4）
Formula（4）In：H is the effective release altitude of returnairshaft plume, and unit is m；us It is that returnairshaft well head highly locates average wind
Speed, unit is m/s； hsFor returnairshaft well head from the ground height, unit is m.
Will（3）V expression formula is substituted into formula（4）In formula, that is, try to achieve both the effective release altitude of plume and returnairshaft hole diameter
Between relation：
（5）
The Gauss plume dispersion that finally the effective release altitude formula of plume is substituted at returnairshaft leeward central axis
In model formation：
（6）
Formula（6）In：X（x,0,0）The mine gaseous state effluent concentration at x meters of returnairshaft leeward central axis is represented,
Unit is Bqm-3；It is longitudinal diffusion parameter, unit is m；U is wind speed at the effective release altitude of plume, and unit is m/s；
According to formula（6）Derive the expression between gaseous effluent concentration and returnairshaft hole diameter on returnairshaft leeward central axis
Formula：
（7）
According to Briggs method and by formula：
（8）
（9）
Obtain（7）Parameter in formula.
Order 、And substitute into（7）In can obtain following formula：
（10）
The formula be simplify after returnairshaft leeward central axis near surface gaseous effluent concentration and returnairshaft
Well head diameter DiBetween theoretical formula.
Utilize（10）Formula calculates on returnairshaft leeward central shaft near-earth air pollutant concentration in the range of 2000 meters
Distribution, by reducing well head diameter DiTo reduce well head ambient air pollutant concentration, when pollutant concentration is no longer with well head
Diameter DiReduction when having large change, the returnairshaft well head diameter D that can be optimizedi, well head diameter DiAs taper
Nozzle outlet diameter, so as to realize the optimization of uranium ore returnairshaft periphery gaseous contaminant prevention and control.
The present invention has following features compared with prior art：
（1）This method adds in the case where not changing mine operating condition and increase ventilation using in returnairshaft well head
Plus the mode of conical nozzle just reaches the purpose of gaseous effluent concentration in reduction uranium ore surrounding enviroment.Therefore this method not only has
There is stronger feasibility, be also equipped with good economy, it is widely used in all kinds of mine returnairshaft pollutant preventing and treatings.
（2）This method is by setting up the theoretical calculation of nozzle diameter and returnairshaft periphery near-earth air gaseous effluent concentration
Formula, can fast and easy predict that different hole diameters go down into a mine the gaseous effluent concentration level of periphery optional position, realize to taper
The optimization of nozzle outlet diameter.
The detailed construction of the present invention is further described below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.
Brief description of the drawings
Accompanying drawing 1 is the discharge schematic diagram of existing uranium ore return air well head；
Accompanying drawing 2 is to add uranium ore return air well head discharge schematic diagram after conical nozzle；
When accompanying drawing 3 is respectively 1 meter, 2 meters and 3 meters for conical nozzle outlet diameter, under A returnairshafts 3000 on wind direction axis
Additional radon consistence curve map in each monitoring point near-earth air in the range of rice.
Embodiment
It is a kind of to reduce the optimization method that uranium ore gaseous effluent is endangered surrounding enviroment, add in the well head of uranium ore returnairshaft 1
A conical nozzle 3 is filled, it is high to increase exit velocity and effectively release by reducing the sectional area that uranium ore gaseous effluent is exported
The mode of degree reduces the purpose of surrounding enviroment near-earth pollutants in air concentration to realize.
Research shows：Uranium ore returnairshaft gaseous contaminant is focused primarily upon in the range of 2000 meters of well head periphery, in this region
Outer contaminated degree is relatively low；Pollutant migration and diffusion distance is farthest under level terrain, and along along the leeward central shaft of returnairshaft 1
Pollutant concentration highest.
The straight of in the case where ventilation and pollutant discharge amount are constant returnairshaft 1 is derived based on Gaussian plume model
Footpath and the calculation formula of near-earth air pollutant concentration, optimize design, and utilize by the formula to the well head of returnairshaft 1
The formula is carried out for the near-earth air pollutants level in the range of 2000 meters of 1 leeward central axis of level terrain returnairshaft
Optimization.
The well head diameter and near surface gaseous state on mine leeward central axis of level terrain returnairshaft 1 are derived first
Theoretical formula between effluent concentration, theoretical formula derivation is as follows：Before and after adding conical nozzle 3 according to the well head of returnairshaft 1
Relation formula between gaseous effluent and the diameter of conical nozzle 3：
（1）
Formula（1）In：S1For the sectional area of the well head of returnairshaft 1, S2For the sectional area of the mouthpiece of conical nozzle 3, unit is m2；V1
To add the gaseous effluent muzzle velocity before conical nozzle 3, V2It is single to add the gaseous effluent muzzle velocity after conical nozzle 2
Position is m/s.
According to formula（1）Obtain plus conical nozzle 3 after gaseous effluent exit velocity, then by the gaseous effluent tried to achieve
The gaseous effluent mean concentration that exit velocity expression formula and measurement are obtained substitutes into gaseous effluent release rate formula：
（2）
Formula（2）In：Q is release rate, and unit is Bqs-1；C0For gaseous effluent mean concentration, unit is Bq/m3；P
For well head gaseous state effluent stream rate, unit is m3/s；S is the sectional area of returnairshaft 1 and any monitoring surface of conical nozzle 3, unit
For m2；V is the mean flow rate of returnairshaft 1 and any monitoring surface gaseous effluent of conical nozzle 3, and unit is m/s.
According to formula（2）Try to achieve the relation between gaseous effluent release rate and hole diameter：
（3）
Formula（3）In：Di is the well head diameter of returnairshaft 1, and unit is m.
Pass between the known effective release altitude h of plume and the hole diameter of returnairshaft 1 and gaseous effluent exit velocity three
System：
（4）
Formula（4）In：H is the effective release altitude of the plume of returnairshaft 1, and unit is m；us It is that the well head of returnairshaft 1 is highly located averagely
Wind speed, unit is m/s； hsFor the well head of returnairshaft 1 from the ground height, unit is m.
Will（3）V expression formula is substituted into formula（4）In formula, that is, try to achieve both the effective release altitude of plume and the hole diameter of returnairshaft 1
Between relation：
（5）
The Gauss plume dispersion that finally the effective release altitude formula of plume is substituted at the leeward central axis of returnairshaft 1
In model formation：
（6）
Formula（6）In：X（x,0,0）The mine gaseous state effluent concentration at x meters of 1 leeward central axis of returnairshaft is represented,
Unit is Bqm-3；It is longitudinal diffusion parameter, unit is m；U is wind speed at the effective release altitude of plume, and unit is m/s；
According to formula（6）Derive the expression between gaseous effluent concentration and the hole diameter of returnairshaft 1 on the leeward central axis of returnairshaft 1
Formula：
（7）
According to Briggs method and by formula：
（8）
（9）
Obtain（7）Parameter in formula.
Order 、And substitute into（7）In can obtain following formula：
（10）
The formula be simplify after the leeward central axis of returnairshaft 1 near surface gaseous effluent concentration and returnairshaft
1 well head diameter DiBetween theoretical formula.
Utilize（10）Formula calculates on the leeward central shaft of returnairshaft 1 near-earth air pollutant concentration in the range of 2000 meters
Distribution, by reducing well head diameter DiTo reduce well head ambient air pollutant concentration, when pollutant concentration is no longer with well head
Diameter DiReduction when having large change, the well head diameter D of returnairshaft 1 that can be optimizedi, well head diameter DiAs bore
The outlet diameter of shape nozzle 3, so as to realize the optimization of the periphery gaseous contaminant prevention and control of uranium ore returnairshaft 1.
Optimization design is carried out to the discharge of certain uranium mine A returnairshaft gaseous effluent radons using the present invention, in A return air well streams
In the case of going out the parameter constants such as radon release rate, flow and wind speed, install additional respectively outlet diameter for 1 meter, 2 meters, 3 meters, 5 meters, 5
Rice, 7 meters, 9 meters of conical nozzle, and using the theoretical formula of the present invention, calculate 3000 meters of models centered on uranium ore A returnairshafts
The radon additional concentration in each monitoring point near-earth air on interior leeward central axis is enclosed, changes and the returnairshaft parameter is used in design
Calculated, as shown in Table 1：
The calculating parameter of table one
Utilize formula（10）Calculate in the range of 3000 meters the returnairshaft leeward center under different conical nozzle diameters
Additional radon consistence in each monitoring point near-earth air on axis, calculates result as shown in table two and table three：
Returnairshaft flows out the diffusion mobility analog result of radon under the different hole diameters of table two
Returnairshaft flows out the diffusion mobility analog result of radon under the different hole diameters of table three
Find out from table two and table three, the diffusion mobility of A returnairshafts outflow radon in an atmosphere is very sensitive to well radius variations, special
It is not that out of 100 meters~500 meters distance ranges, the additional radon consistence of the intraoral smaller lower wind direction each point near-earth air in footpath is lower.
Accompanying drawing 3 is conical nozzle outlet diameter when being respectively 1 meter, 2 meters and 3 meters, under A returnairshafts 3000 on wind direction axis
Additional radon consistence curve map in each monitoring point near-earth air in the range of rice.
As a result show：After the conical nozzle installed additional, A returnairshafts periphery near-earth air radon consistence will be reduced substantially；Work as spray
When mouth is a diameter of 1 meter, additional radon consistence is equal in near-earth air on leeward central axis in the range of 3000 meters of returnairshaft periphery
Less than the limit value of national regulation（About 20Bq/m3）, the result reach the target of optimization and meet radiation protection safety requirement.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of reduce the optimization method that uranium ore gaseous effluent is endangered surrounding enviroment, one is installed additional in the well head of uranium ore returnairshaft
Individual conical nozzle, is dropped by reducing the sectional area, increase exit velocity and effective release altitude of uranium ore gaseous effluent outlet
Low surrounding enviroment near-earth pollutants in air concentration, it is characterized in that：Derived based on Gaussian plume model in ventilation and dirt
The diameter of returnairshaft and the calculation formula of near-earth air pollutant concentration, pass through the formula pair in the case that dye thing discharge capacity is constant
The well head of returnairshaft optimizes design, and is directed to 2000 meters of level terrain returnairshaft leeward central axis using the formula
In the range of near-earth air pollutants level optimize；
The well head diameter and near surface gaseous state on mine leeward central axis for deriving level terrain returnairshaft first flow out
Theoretical formula between thing concentration, theoretical formula derivation is as follows：Gaseous flow before and after conical nozzle is added according to returnairshaft well head
The relation formula gone out between thing and conical nozzle diameter：
(1)
Formula（1）In：S1For the sectional area of returnairshaft well head, S2For the sectional area of conical nozzle mouthpiece, unit is m2；V1To add taper
Gaseous effluent muzzle velocity before nozzle, V2To add the gaseous effluent muzzle velocity after conical nozzle, unit is m/s；
According to formula（1）Obtain plus conical nozzle after gaseous effluent exit velocity, then by the gaseous effluent tried to achieve export
The gaseous effluent mean concentration that flow rate expression and measurement are obtained substitutes into gaseous effluent release rate formula：
(2)
Formula（2）In：Q is release rate, and unit is Bqs-1；C0For gaseous effluent mean concentration, unit is Bq/m3；P is well
Implication state effluent flow rate, unit is m3/s；S is the sectional area of returnairshaft and any monitoring surface of conical nozzle, and unit is m2；V is
The mean flow rate of returnairshaft and any monitoring surface gaseous effluent of conical nozzle, unit is m/s；
According to formula（2）Try to achieve the relation between gaseous effluent release rate and hole diameter：
（3）
Formula（3）In：Di is returnairshaft well head diameter, and unit is m；
Relation between the known effective release altitude h of plume and returnairshaft hole diameter and gaseous effluent exit velocity three：
（4）
Formula（4）In：H is the effective release altitude of returnairshaft plume, and unit is m；us It is that returnairshaft well head highly locates mean wind speed, it is single
Position is m/s； hsFor returnairshaft well head from the ground height, unit is m；
Will（3）V expression formula is substituted into formula（4）In formula, that is, try to achieve the effective release altitude of plume and returnairshaft hole diameter between the two
Relation：
（5）
The Gauss plume dispersion model that finally the effective release altitude formula of plume is substituted at returnairshaft leeward central axis
In formula：
（6）
Formula（6）In：X（x,0,0）Represent the mine gaseous state effluent concentration at x meters of returnairshaft leeward central axis, unit
For Bqm-3；σz
It is longitudinal diffusion parameter, unit is m；U is wind speed at the effective release altitude of plume, and unit is m/s；According to formula（6）Derive
Go out the expression formula between gaseous effluent concentration and returnairshaft hole diameter on returnairshaft leeward central axis：
（7）
According to Briggs method and by formula：
（8）
（9）
Obtain（7）Parameter in formula.
Order、And substitute into（7）In can obtain following formula：
（10）
The formula is near surface gaseous effluent concentration and returnairshaft well head at returnairshaft leeward central axis after simplifying
Diameter DiBetween theoretical formula；
Utilize（10）Formula calculates point of near-earth air pollutant concentration in the range of 2000 meters on returnairshaft leeward central shaft
Cloth, by reducing well head diameter DiTo reduce well head ambient air pollutant concentration, when pollutant concentration is no longer with well head diameter Di
Reduction when having large change, the returnairshaft well head diameter D that can be optimizedi, well head diameter DiAs conical nozzle goes out
Mouth diameter, so as to realize the optimization of uranium ore returnairshaft periphery gaseous contaminant prevention and control.
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| CN103258116A (en) * | 2013-04-18 | 2013-08-21 | 国家电网公司 | Method for constructing atmospheric pollutant diffusion model |
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