CN104852758B - Vertical beam shaping method and device under three-dimensional extensive aerial network - Google Patents

Vertical beam shaping method and device under three-dimensional extensive aerial network Download PDF

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CN104852758B
CN104852758B CN201510250036.XA CN201510250036A CN104852758B CN 104852758 B CN104852758 B CN 104852758B CN 201510250036 A CN201510250036 A CN 201510250036A CN 104852758 B CN104852758 B CN 104852758B
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msub
msubsup
cell
base station
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CN104852758A (en
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邢成文
周园
张忠伟
费泽松
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Beijing Institute of Technology BIT
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
    • H04B7/0617—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal for beam forming
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
    • H04B7/0426—Power distribution
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
    • Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

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  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract

The present invention relates to the vertical beam shaping method and device under a kind of three-dimensional extensive aerial network, belong to communication technical field.The inventive method is by two wave beams --- the angle of declination and power of central beam and edge wave beam match with particle, current optimal value is found according to speed and current location, not only the current optimal position of record particle will also record the global optimum of particle, by comparing the spectrum efficiency of cell this adaptive value, optimal solution is obtained.Contrast prior art, the inventive method not only allow for user in three-dimensional extensive aerial network the influence of vertical direction angle and also combine extensive antenna channel model feature and complexity dimensional antenna gain model, using the algorithm of particle group optimizing under the limitation of limited and antenna the angle of declination of the transmission power for ensureing base station, the spectrum efficiency of cell is maximized.

Description

Vertical beam forming method and device under three-dimensional large-scale antenna network
The technical field is as follows:
the invention relates to a Vertical beam forming method and a Vertical beam forming device, in particular to a Vertical beam forming (Vertical Beamforming) method and a Vertical Beamforming device based on particle swarm optimization under a three-dimensional large-scale antenna (3D MS) network, and belongs to the technical field of communication.
Background
With the popularization of smart phones and the rapid growth of wireless multimedia applications, the demand for wireless data has also increased substantially. The Massive MIMO technology has the advantages of increasing spatial freedom and improving spectral efficiency, and thus becomes one of the most widely studied technologies in the field of wireless communication. Most of the existing large-scale antenna technologies only consider the horizontal antenna pattern or azimuth component, and ignore the vertical antenna pattern or downtilt, which is not in line with the actual wireless channel. Due to the larger degree of freedom of the three-dimensional Massive antenna (3D Massive MIMO), the three-dimensional realization of a channel and an antenna model is realized, and the actual MIMO channel is more appropriately reflected, so that the three-dimensional Massive antenna becomes one of candidate technologies of a future wireless communication system.
Compared with the conventional Beamforming technology, the three-dimensional Beamforming (3D Beamforming) technology can further reduce inter-cell interference, and can reduce inter-pilot signal interference through adaptive adjustment of a downtilt, and thus has gained more and more attention. The three-dimensional beam forming forms beams in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction, fully explores the three-dimensional degree of freedom of the space, further improves the system throughput and the frequency efficiency, meets the increasing demands of data services, and is one of the potential directions of the future of the MIMO technology. The traditional 2D beam forming technology can only change the horizontal azimuth angle of the beam and can not adjust the downward inclination angle of the antenna beam, and the vertical coverage range is fixed, so that the throughput of a cell is limited.
The idea of the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm is that a group of birds (particles) randomly search for a unique piece of food (the optimal solution) in this area, and all birds do not know where the food is, but they know the current location and how far away from the food. The simplest and most efficient optimal strategy to find the food is to search the surrounding area of the bird that is currently closest to the food, and the solution of each optimization problem is one bird in the search space. The PSO implementation procedure first initializes the speed of a group of random particles and determines the flight direction and distance. Then the particles follow the current optimal particles to search in the solution space, each particle has an adaptive value (fixnessvalue) determined by the optimized function, and the final optimal solution is determined according to the adaptive value.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems that horizontal beam forming can not adjust the downward inclination angle and some existing vertical beam forming methods can not adjust the downward inclination angle but can not maximize the cell throughput, and provides a vertical beam forming method based on particle swarm optimization in a three-dimensional large-scale antenna network.
The method aims to maximize the total throughput of a cell under the condition of ensuring that the downtilt angles of two beams meet certain requirements; therefore, the idea of the present invention is to match the downtilt angles and powers of the two beams (the center beam c and the edge beam e) with the particles, find the current optimal value according to the speed and the current position, record not only the current optimal position but also the global optimal value of the particles, and obtain the optimal solution by comparing the adaptive value of the spectral efficiency of the small region.
The invention is based on the following: consider a three-dimensional large-scale antenna network with L cells, each with a base station and K evenly distributed single-antenna users. The total transmitting power of the base station end is P, each cell is split into two parts of the cell center and the cell edge by the two transmitted wave beams, and the power is P respectivelycAnd Pe(Pc + Pe ═ P), number of usersAre each KcAnd Ke(Kc + Ke ═ K). The number of base station antennas is M, and there is M > K in the large-scale antenna network, and the system model is shown in FIG. 1.
The method is realized by the following technical scheme:
a vertical beam forming method under a three-dimensional large-scale antenna network comprises the following steps:
step 1, initializing the number of particles and randomly initializing the speed of each particle in a value rangeAnd initializing the center beam, the down tilt angle of the edge beam and the beam power of each particle according to the following formula
Wherein, ηc,ηe,ηPTo obey uniformly distributed random numbers, θDcmaxMaximum downtilt angle of the central beam, θDcminIs the minimum downtilt angle, theta, of the central beamDemaxIs the maximum downtilt angle, θ, of the edge beamDeminIs the minimum downtilt of the edge beam, P is the transmit power of the base station, j representsThe jth particle;
step 2, updating the speed of each particle according to the following formulaAnd current position
τ＝τ+1
Wherein,is the local optimum downtilt angle of the central beam of the jth particle at time instant tau, the initial value of whichThe global optimum downward inclination angle of the central wave beam at the time of tau is as the initial valueFor the local optimum downtilt of the edge beam of the jth particle at time instant τ, its initialFor the global optimum down tilt of the edge beam at time τ, the initial value isFor the local optimum power of the jth particle at time τ, its initial valueIs the global optimum power at the time of tau, and the initial value isMu is the empirical probability, c1And c2Represents a learning factor, r1And r2Is a random number in the range of (0, 1);
step 3, according toJudging whether the position of the particle is in the region range, if the position of the particle is beyond the value range, reducing the speed by half, and then turning to the step 2; if not, the fitness value for each particle is calculated according to the following formula:
wherein, j ∈ [1, S]L denotes the number of cells, KcThe number of users in the center of the cell is represented, and K represents the total number of users in the cell;
wherein M represents the number of base station antennas, P represents the total transmitting power of the base station end, and P represents the total transmitting power of the base station endcRepresenting the transmit power, P, of the base-end center beameRepresenting the transmission power, P, of the edge beam of the base stationNIn order to be able to measure the power of the noise,is the central beam of the base station of the mth cell to the central user k of the cellcThe large-scale fading of the channel of (a),edge user k from edge beam of base station of m-th cell to local celleLarge scale fading of the channel of (1);is the central beam of the base station of the mth cell to the central user k of the cellcThe gain of the antenna of (1) is,edge user k from edge beam of base station of m-th cell to local celleThe antenna gain of (1);is a central user k of the mth cellcIs detected by the mobile station, and the interference in the cell,is a central user k of the mth cellcThe inter-cell interference of (a) is,is the edge user k of the mth celleIs detected by the mobile station, and the interference in the cell,is the edge user k of the mth celleIs calculated by the following equation:
wherein β (.) is the large scale fading of the channel,is the central beam of the base station of the mth cell to the central user k of the cellcThe large-scale fading of the channel of (a),is the edge beam of the base station of the mth cell to the central user k of the cellcThe large-scale fading of the channel of (a),is the central beam of the base station of the l cell to the central user k of the m cellcThe large-scale fading of the channel of (a),is the edge beam of the base station of the l cell to the center user k of the m cellcThe large-scale fading of the channel of (a),is the central beam of the base station of the mth cell to the edge user k of the celleThe large-scale fading of the channel of (a),edge user k from edge beam of base station of m-th cell to local celleThe large-scale fading of the channel of (a),is the central beam of the base station of the l cell to the edge user k of the m celleThe large-scale fading of the channel of (a),is an edge beam of the base station of the l cell to an edge user k of the m celleThe large-scale fading of the channel of (a),as the central beam of the base station of the ith cell to the central user k in the mth cellcThe gain of the antenna of (1) is,edge beam of base station for the ith cell to center user k in the mth cellcThe gain of the antenna of (1) is,as the central beam of the base station of the ith cell to the edge user k in the mth celleThe gain of the antenna of (1) is,edge beam of base station for the ith cell is opposite to edge user k in the mth celleThe gain of the antenna of (1) is,for the central beam of the base station of the mth cell to the central user k of the cellcThe gain of the antenna of (1) is,edge wave beam of base station of m-th cell is opposite to central user k of cellcThe gain of the antenna of (1) is,for the central beam of the base station of the mth cell to the edge user k of the celleThe gain of the antenna of (1) is,edge wave beam of base station of m-th cell is to edge user k of celleThe antenna gain of (1);
step 4, for each particle, comparing the updated adaptive value with the best position which the particle has undergone, and if the updated adaptive value is better, taking the updated adaptive value as the current best position and recording the current best position as the current best positionEach particle not only records its current best position, but also knows the global best position experienced, and records as) Comparing the new adaptive value obtained by the adaptive value with the global best position, and if the global best position is better, replacing the global best position with the current particle position;
step 5, if the adaptive value at the global optimal position meets f (tau) -f (tau-1) < 0.01 or tau reaches a preset threshold value T, the cycle is ended, and the obtained global optimal position is the optimal downward inclination angle and power of the two wave beams; otherwise, go back to step 2.
Vertical beam forming under a three-dimensional large-scale antenna network comprises a particle initialization and updating device and a plurality of base station structures, wherein each base station structure comprises a transceiver module, a beam forming module and a cell throughput calculation module; the particle initialization and updating device is respectively connected with a plurality of base station structures, and a transceiver module in each base station structure is respectively connected with a beam forming module and a cell throughput calculation module;
the particle initialization and updating device is used for initializing particles and transmitting the downward inclination angle and the power of an initialization beam to each base station structure; judging whether the downtilt angle and the power of the current wave beam are optimal or not according to the throughput information uploaded by each base station structure, if so, sending the optimal downtilt angle and the power information to each base station, otherwise, updating the downtilt angle and the power of the wave beam corresponding to the particle, and sending the updated downtilt angle and power information to each base station again;
the transceiver module is used for collecting the information of the users in the cell, the user information of the interference cell and the channel information and transmitting the related information to the cell throughput calculation module; receiving cell throughput information transmitted by the cell throughput calculation module and sending the cell throughput information to the particle initialization and updating device; receiving the beam downward inclination angle and power information sent by the particle initialization and updating device, and transmitting the beam downward inclination angle and power information to a beam forming module;
the cell throughput calculation module is used for obtaining the cell throughput in the current beam state according to the channel information, the information of the cell user and the user information of the interference cell, and sending the cell throughput to the particle initialization and updating device through the transceiver module;
and the beam forming module is used for adjusting the beam direction and power of the base station according to the beam downward inclination angle and the beam power information sent by the particle initialization and updating device.
Preferably, the particle initialization and update device further comprises a throughput memory unit, and the throughput memory unit memorizes the sum of the throughputs when the optimal downtilt and power are obtained; and restarting the particle initialization and updating process under the condition that the difference value between the sum of the throughputs of all the cells received by the particle initialization and updating device and the sum of the throughputs recorded by the throughput memory unit exceeds a set threshold value.
Advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the innovation points that the influence of the user in the 3D MIMO in the vertical direction is considered, the characteristics of a channel model of a large-scale antenna and a complex gain model of a three-dimensional antenna are combined, and the frequency spectrum efficiency of a cell is maximized under the condition that the transmitting power of a base station is limited and the downward inclination angle of the antenna is limited by utilizing a particle swarm optimization algorithm.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a three-dimensional large-scale antenna system model diagram.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a variation curve of the cell spectrum efficiency and the number of antennas according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a variation curve of the cell spectrum efficiency and the number of users according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a beam forming apparatus according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The present embodiment is implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and a detailed implementation manner and a specific operation process are given, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
Example 1
A specific vertical beamforming process based on particle swarm optimization is given below:
step 1, initializing the number of particles and the downtilt angle and beam power of two beams of each particleAnd velocity of each particle
Without loss of generality, the number of particles J is set to 10;
downtilt and power of two beamsCalculated by the formula (1); ηc,ηe,ηPRandom numbers subject to uniform distribution in the range of (-0.15, 0.15);
step 2, updating the speed of each particle according to the formula (2)And current position
Preferably, c is1＝1.5，c2＝2.0，μ＝0.8。
Step 3, judging whether the position of the particle is in the region range, if the position exceeds the value range,then continuously updating by using the formula (2); if the range is not exceeded, calculating the adaptive value of each particle;
according to the current position of each particleThe method of calculating the adaptation value is as follows:
firstly, a base station end obtains a horizontal antenna gain A according to the position (a certain azimuth angle phi and a downward inclination angle theta) of user UEH(phi) and vertical antenna gain AV(theta) and then the gain A (phi, theta) of the three-dimensional antenna is obtained from the horizontal mode antenna gain and the vertical mode antenna gain.
Without loss of generality, the horizontal antenna gain and the vertical antenna gain can be given by:
wherein phi3dBAnd theta3dBRepresenting the 3dB bandwidth, A, of the horizontal and vertical beams, respectivelymIs maximum front-to-back attenuation, SLAvIs side lobe attenuation, θtiltThe downward inclination angle of the transmitting end is shown, and the downward inclination angle corresponds to different beams respectivelyThus, the three-dimensional antenna gain can be expressed as:
A(φ,θ)＝-min{-[AH(φ)+AV(θ)],Am} (4)
the base station obtains channel gain through channel estimation, and according to the channel characteristics of the large-scale antenna, we can obtain approximate solutions of SINR received by a central user (user covered by central beam) and an edge user (user covered by edge beam), which are respectively shown as the following formula
WhereinIs the central beam of the base station of the mth cell to the central user k of the cellcThe large-scale fading of the channel of (a),edge user k from edge beam of base station of m-th cell to local celleLarge scale fading of the channel of (1); pcTransmit power of the central beam, PeFor the transmission power of the edge beam, PNIn order to be able to measure the power of the noise,is a central user k of the mth cellcIs detected by the mobile station, and the interference in the cell,is a central user k of the mth cellcThe inter-cell interference of (a) is,is the edge user k of the mth celleIs detected by the mobile station, and the interference in the cell,is the edge user k of the mth celleM is the number of base station antennas,is the central beam of the base station of the mth cell to the central user k of the cellcThe gain of the antenna of (1) is,edge user k from edge beam of base station of m-th cell to local celleThe antenna gain of (1);andcalculated by the following formula:
wherein, KcIs the number of users in the center of a cell, L is the number of cells, M is the number of base station antennas, β (.) is the large-scale fading of a channel,is the central beam of the base station of the mth cell to the central user k of the cellcThe large-scale fading of the channel of (a),is the edge beam of the base station of the mth cell to the central user k of the cellcThe large-scale fading of the channel of (a),is the central beam of the base station of the l cell to the central user k of the m cellcOf a channelIs subject to large-scale fading of the signal,is the edge beam of the base station of the l cell to the center user k of the m cellcThe large-scale fading of the channel of (a),is the central beam of the base station of the mth cell to the edge user k of the celleThe large-scale fading of the channel of (a),edge user k from edge beam of base station of m-th cell to local celleThe large-scale fading of the channel of (a),is the central beam of the base station of the l cell to the edge user k of the m celleThe large-scale fading of the channel of (a),is an edge beam of the base station of the l cell to an edge user k of the m celleThe large-scale fading of the channel of (a),as the central beam of the base station of the ith cell to the central user k in the mth cellcThe gain of the antenna of (1) is,edge beam of base station for the ith cell to center user k in the mth cellcThe gain of the antenna of (1) is,as the central beam of the base station of the ith cell to the edge user k in the mth celleThe gain of the antenna of (1) is,edge beam of base station for the ith cell is opposite to edge user k in the mth celleThe gain of the antenna of (1) is,for the central beam of the base station of the mth cell to the central user k of the cellcThe gain of the antenna of (1) is,edge wave beam of base station of m-th cell is opposite to central user k of cellcThe gain of the antenna of (1) is,for the central beam of the base station of the mth cell to the edge user k of the celleThe gain of the antenna of (1) is,edge wave beam of base station of m-th cell is to edge user k of celleThe antenna gain of (1);
the adaptation value (sum of throughputs of all cells) of the jth particle is
Step 4, for the jth particle, the updated adaptive value of the jth particle is compared with the best position which the jth particle has undergone, and if the updated adaptive value is better, the updated adaptive value is taken as the current best position and recorded as the current best positionEach particle not only records its current best position, but also knows the global best position experienced, and records asCompares the new fitness value it obtained with the global best experienced position, and if so resetsSetting a global optimal position;
since the adaptation value represents the cell capacity, as long as the new adaptation value becomes larger, it indicates that the value is better than the original value;
step 5, if the adaptive value at the global optimal position meets f (τ) -f (τ -1) < 0.01 or τ is 200, ending the cycle, and the obtained global optimal position is the optimal downward inclination and power of the two beams; otherwise, go back to step 2.
Example 2:
fig. 4 shows a vertical beam forming apparatus based on particle swarm optimization in a three-dimensional large-scale antenna network according to an embodiment of the present invention, which includes a particle initialization and update apparatus and a plurality of base stations, where a base station structure includes a beam forming module, a transceiver module and a cell throughput calculation module. The particle initialization and updating device is respectively connected with a plurality of base stations. And the transceiver module in the base station is respectively connected with the beam forming module and the cell throughput calculating module.
The particle initialization and update device is used for initializing particles and transmitting the downtilt angle and the power of an initialization beam to each base station; and judging whether the downtilt angle and the power of the current wave beam are optimal or not according to the throughput information uploaded by all the base stations, if so, sending the optimal downtilt angle and the power information to each base station, otherwise, updating the downtilt angle and the power of the wave beam corresponding to the particle, and sending the updated downtilt angle and the power information to each base station again.
The functions of the modules constituting the base station are as follows:
the transceiver module is used for collecting the information of the user in the cell, the user information of the interference cell and the channel information and transmitting the related information to the cell throughput calculation module; receiving cell throughput information transmitted by the cell throughput calculation module and sending the cell throughput information to the particle initialization and updating device; and receiving the beam downward inclination angle and power information sent by the particle initialization and update device, and transmitting the beam downward inclination angle and power information to the beam forming module.
And the cell throughput calculation module is used for obtaining the cell throughput in the current beam state according to the channel information, the information of the cell user and the user information of the interference cell, and sending the cell throughput to the particle initialization and updating device through the transceiver module.
The beam forming module is used for adjusting the beam direction and power of the base station according to the beam downward inclination angle and the beam power information sent by the particle initialization and updating device.
The specific working process of the whole device is as follows:
step 1: the particle initializing and updating device initializes the beam downward inclination angle, power and speed of the particles and sends the beam downward inclination angle, power and speed to each base station.
Step 2: the transceiver of the base station receives the information and transmits the information to the beam forming module, and the beam forming module adjusts the beam direction and power of the base station by using the received downtilt angle and power information.
And step 3: and calculating the cell throughput under the current state by utilizing the user information of the cell, the user information of the interference cell, the channel information and the like, and sending the cell throughput to the particle initialization and updating device.
And 4, step 4: the particle initialization and updating device sums and stores the received cell throughputs, and simultaneously updates the particle speed, the beam downtilt angle and the power information and sends the information to each base station.
And 5: repeating the steps 2 to 4 to obtain the sum of the throughputs of all the cells under the new beam state, comparing the sum with the sum of the throughputs of all the cells stored last time, updating the stored value to be the larger value if the ending condition is not met, and continuously repeating the steps 2 to 4; and if the end condition is met, sending the optimal downtilt and power information to a beam forming module, and adjusting the beam downtilt and power of each base station to be in an optimal state.
Considering the actual position change and channel quality change of the user, the beam state with the optimal current time period is not necessarily optimal in the later time period, therefore, after the device obtains the optimal beam downtilt and power information, the sum of the throughputs of all cells at the current time and the sum of the throughputs in the optimal state are continuously compared, if the difference between the former and the latter exceeds the set threshold, the optimal downtilt and power at the previous stage are no longer the optimal downtilt and power at the current time, and therefore, the steps 1 to 5 are executed again, and the optimal beam downtilt and power at the current time are searched.
The device can lead the communication system to be in the state of optimal cell throughput for a long time, and improves the frequency efficiency.
Test results
As shown in fig. 2, the simulation is performed in the following environment by applying the above embodiment: the system has a total of L-7 cells, each cell is divided into a cell center part and a cell edge part, each cell has a base station, the base station end is provided with M antennas, K single-antenna users are uniformly distributed in each cell, and the total transmitting power of each base station is 46 dBm.
As shown in fig. 2, which is a schematic diagram of a variation curve of cell spectrum efficiency and the number of antennas when K is 20 users, it can be seen from the diagram that as the number of antennas increases, the spectrum efficiency of a cell increases, and when the number of antennas is the same, the PSO beamforming method of the present invention has a greater spectrum efficiency than the beamforming method with a fixed downtilt and a single beam, because dynamic beamforming of two beams can effectively control the power and downtilt of a beam, thereby controlling interference received by different users.
As shown in fig. 3, which is a schematic diagram of a variation curve of the cell spectrum efficiency and the number of users when M is 256 antennas, it can be seen from the diagram that as the number of serving users increases, the cell spectrum efficiency increases and the growth speed becomes slower; when the number of users served is the same, the PSO beam forming method has higher frequency spectrum efficiency compared with the beam forming method with a fixed downward inclination angle and a single beam.
The above detailed description is intended to illustrate the objects, aspects and advantages of the present invention, and it should be understood that the above detailed description is only exemplary of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. A vertical beam forming method under a three-dimensional large-scale antenna network is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, initializing the number S of particles and the speed of each particleAnd initializing the center beam, the down tilt angle of the edge beam and the beam power of each particle according to the following formula
<mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow> <msubsup> <mi>v</mi> <mrow> <mi>D</mi> <mi>c</mi> </mrow> <mi>j</mi> </msubsup> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>&amp;Element;</mo> <mo>&amp;lsqb;</mo> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <msub> <mi>&amp;theta;</mi> <mrow> <mi>D</mi> <mi>c</mi> <mi>max</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mi>&amp;theta;</mi> <mrow> <mi>D</mi> <mi>c</mi> <mi>min</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> <mo>,</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <msub> <mi>&amp;theta;</mi> <mrow> <mi>D</mi> <mi>c</mi> <mi>max</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mi>&amp;theta;</mi> <mrow> <mi>D</mi> <mi>c</mi> <mi>min</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>&amp;rsqb;</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow> <msubsup> <mi>v</mi> <mrow> <mi>D</mi> <mi>e</mi> </mrow> <mi>j</mi> </msubsup> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>&amp;Element;</mo> <mo>&amp;lsqb;</mo> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <msub> <mi>&amp;theta;</mi> <mrow> <mi>D</mi> <mi>e</mi> <mi>max</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mi>&amp;theta;</mi> <mrow> <mi>D</mi> <mi>e</mi> <mi>min</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> <mo>,</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <msub> <mi>&amp;theta;</mi> <mrow> <mi>D</mi> <mi>e</mi> <mi>max</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mi>&amp;theta;</mi> <mrow> <mi>D</mi> <mi>e</mi> <mi>min</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>&amp;rsqb;</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow> <msubsup> <mi>v</mi> <mrow> <mi>P</mi> <mi>c</mi> </mrow> <mi>j</mi> </msubsup> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>&amp;Element;</mo> <mo>&amp;lsqb;</mo> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mfrac> <mi>P</mi> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> <mo>,</mo> <mfrac> <mi>P</mi> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>&amp;rsqb;</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow> <msubsup> <mi>&amp;theta;</mi> <mrow> <mi>D</mi> <mi>c</mi> </mrow> <mi>j</mi> </msubsup> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <msub> <mi>&amp;theta;</mi> <mrow> <mi>D</mi> <mi>c</mi> <mi>max</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>&amp;theta;</mi> <mrow> <mi>D</mi> <mi>c</mi> <mi>min</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>&amp;eta;</mi> <mi>c</mi> </msub> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow> <msubsup> <mi>&amp;theta;</mi> <mrow> <mi>D</mi> <mi>e</mi> </mrow> <mi>j</mi> </msubsup> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <msub> <mi>&amp;theta;</mi> <mrow> <mi>D</mi> <mi>e</mi> <mi>max</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>&amp;theta;</mi> <mrow> <mi>D</mi> <mi>e</mi> <mi>min</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>&amp;eta;</mi> <mi>e</mi> </msub> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow> <msubsup> <mi>P</mi> <mi>c</mi> <mi>j</mi> </msubsup> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <mi>P</mi> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>&amp;eta;</mi> <mi>P</mi> </msub> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> <mo>;</mo> </mrow>
Wherein,to obey the uniformly distributed random numbers, ηc,ηe,ηPTo obey uniformly distributed random numbers, θDcmaxMaximum downtilt angle of the central beam, θDcminIs the minimum downtilt angle, theta, of the central beamDemaxIs the maximum downtilt angle, θ, of the edge beamDeminIs the minimum downward inclination angle of the edge beam, P is the transmitting power of the base station, and j represents the jth particle;
step two, updating the speed of each particle according to the following formulaAnd current position
<mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd> <mfenced open = "{" close = ""> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow> <msubsup> <mi>v</mi> <msub> <mi>D</mi> <mi>c</mi> </msub> <mi>j</mi> </msubsup> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>&amp;tau;</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <msubsup> <mi>&amp;mu;v</mi> <msub> <mi>D</mi> <mi>c</mi> </msub> <mi>j</mi> </msubsup> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>&amp;tau;</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>c</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <msub> <mi>r</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <msubsup> <mi>&amp;theta;</mi> <msub> <mi>D</mi> <mi>c</mi> </msub> <mrow> <mi>L</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>j</mi> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>(</mo> <mi>&amp;tau;</mi> <mo>)</mo> <mo>-</mo> <msubsup> <mi>&amp;theta;</mi> <msub> <mi>D</mi> <mi>c</mi> </msub> <mi>j</mi> </msubsup> <mo>(</mo> <mi>&amp;tau;</mi> <mo>)</mo> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>c</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <msub> <mi>r</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <msubsup> <mi>&amp;theta;</mi> <msub> <mi>D</mi> <mi>c</mi> </msub> <mi>G</mi> </msubsup> <mo>(</mo> <mi>&amp;tau;</mi> <mo>)</mo> <mo>-</mo> <msubsup> <mi>&amp;theta;</mi> <msub> <mi>D</mi> <mi>c</mi> </msub> <mi>j</mi> </msubsup> <mo>(</mo> <mi>&amp;tau;</mi> <mo>)</mo> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow> <msubsup> <mi>v</mi> <msub> <mi>D</mi> <mi>e</mi> </msub> <mi>j</mi> </msubsup> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>&amp;tau;</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <msubsup> <mi>&amp;mu;v</mi> <msub> <mi>D</mi> <mi>e</mi> </msub> <mi>j</mi> </msubsup> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>&amp;tau;</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>c</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <msub> <mi>r</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <msubsup> <mi>&amp;theta;</mi> <msub> <mi>D</mi> <mi>e</mi> </msub> <mrow> <mi>L</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>j</mi> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>(</mo> <mi>&amp;tau;</mi> <mo>)</mo> <mo>-</mo> <msubsup> <mi>&amp;theta;</mi> <msub> <mi>D</mi> <mi>e</mi> </msub> <mi>j</mi> </msubsup> <mo>(</mo> <mi>&amp;tau;</mi> <mo>)</mo> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>c</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <msub> <mi>r</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <msubsup> <mi>&amp;theta;</mi> <msub> <mi>D</mi> <mi>e</mi> </msub> <mi>G</mi> </msubsup> <mo>(</mo> <mi>&amp;tau;</mi> <mo>)</mo> <mo>-</mo> <msubsup> <mi>&amp;theta;</mi> <msub> <mi>D</mi> <mi>e</mi> </msub> <mi>j</mi> </msubsup> <mo>(</mo> <mi>&amp;tau;</mi> <mo>)</mo> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow> <msubsup> <mi>v</mi> <msub> <mi>P</mi> <mi>c</mi> </msub> <mi>j</mi> </msubsup> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>&amp;tau;</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <msubsup> <mi>&amp;mu;v</mi> <msub> <mi>P</mi> <mi>c</mi> </msub> <mi>j</mi> </msubsup> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>&amp;tau;</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>c</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <msub> <mi>r</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <msubsup> <mi>P</mi> <mi>c</mi> <mrow> <mi>L</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>j</mi> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>(</mo> <mi>&amp;tau;</mi> <mo>)</mo> <mo>-</mo> <msubsup> <mi>P</mi> <mi>c</mi> <mi>j</mi> </msubsup> <mo>(</mo> <mi>&amp;tau;</mi> <mo>)</mo> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>c</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <msub> <mi>r</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <msubsup> <mi>P</mi> <mi>c</mi> <mi>G</mi> </msubsup> <mo>(</mo> <mi>&amp;tau;</mi> <mo>)</mo> <mo>-</mo> <msubsup> <mi>P</mi> <mi>c</mi> <mi>j</mi> </msubsup> <mo>(</mo> <mi>&amp;tau;</mi> <mo>)</mo> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mfenced> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mfenced open = "{" close = ""> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow> <msubsup> <mi>&amp;theta;</mi> <msub> <mi>D</mi> <mi>c</mi> </msub> <mi>j</mi> </msubsup> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>&amp;tau;</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <msubsup> <mi>&amp;theta;</mi> <msub> <mi>D</mi> <mi>c</mi> </msub> <mi>j</mi> </msubsup> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>&amp;tau;</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mi>v</mi> <msub> <mi>D</mi> <mi>c</mi> </msub> <mi>j</mi> </msubsup> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>&amp;tau;</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow> <msubsup> <mi>&amp;theta;</mi> <msub> <mi>D</mi> <mi>e</mi> </msub> <mi>j</mi> </msubsup> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>&amp;tau;</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <msubsup> <mi>&amp;theta;</mi> <msub> <mi>D</mi> <mi>e</mi> </msub> <mi>j</mi> </msubsup> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>&amp;tau;</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mi>v</mi> <msub> <mi>D</mi> <mi>e</mi> </msub> <mi>j</mi> </msubsup> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>&amp;tau;</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow> <msubsup> <mi>P</mi> <mi>c</mi> <mi>j</mi> </msubsup> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>&amp;tau;</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <msubsup> <mi>P</mi> <mi>c</mi> <mi>j</mi> </msubsup> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>&amp;tau;</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mi>v</mi> <msub> <mi>P</mi> <mi>c</mi> </msub> <mi>j</mi> </msubsup> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>&amp;tau;</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mfenced> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow> <mi>&amp;tau;</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>&amp;tau;</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> <mo>;</mo> </mrow>
Wherein,is the local optimum downtilt angle of the central beam of the jth particle at time instant tau, the initial value of which The global optimum downward inclination angle of the central wave beam at the time of tau is as the initial value Is at τLocal optimum downtilt of the edge beam of the jth particle at time, its initial For the global optimum down tilt of the edge beam at time τ, the initial value is For the local optimum power of the jth particle at time τ, its initial value Is the global optimum power at the time of tau, and the initial value isMu is the empirical probability, c1And c2Represents a learning factor, r1And r2Is a random number in the range of (0, 1);
step three, according to0°≤PcJudging whether the position of the particles is in the region range or not, if the position of the particles is not more than the value range, reducing the speed by half, and then turning to the second step; if not, calculating the adaptive value of the jth particle according to the following formula:
<mrow> <msup> <mi>f</mi> <mi>j</mi> </msup> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>&amp;tau;</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <munderover> <mo>&amp;Sigma;</mo> <mrow> <mi>m</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mi>L</mi> </munderover> <mo>&amp;lsqb;</mo> <munderover> <mo>&amp;Sigma;</mo> <mrow> <msub> <mi>k</mi> <mi>c</mi> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <msub> <mi>K</mi> <mi>c</mi> </msub> </munderover> <msub> <mi>log</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>SINR</mi> <mrow> <msub> <mi>mk</mi> <mi>c</mi> </msub> </mrow> </msub> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <munderover> <mo>&amp;Sigma;</mo> <mrow> <msub> <mi>k</mi> <mi>e</mi> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>k</mi> <mi>c</mi> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mi>K</mi> </munderover> <msub> <mi>log</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>SINR</mi> <mrow> <msub> <mi>mk</mi> <mi>e</mi> </msub> </mrow> </msub> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>&amp;rsqb;</mo> <mo>;</mo> </mrow>
wherein, j ∈ [1, S]L denotes the number of cells, KcThe number of users in the center of the cell is represented, and K represents the total number of users in the cell;
<mrow> <msub> <mi>SINR</mi> <mrow> <msub> <mi>mk</mi> <mi>c</mi> </msub> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <msub> <mi>P</mi> <mi>c</mi> </msub> <msubsup> <mi>MA</mi> <mrow> <msub> <mi>mmk</mi> <mi>c</mi> </msub> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>D</mi> <mi>c</mi> </mrow> </msubsup> <msubsup> <mi>&amp;beta;</mi> <mrow> <msub> <mi>mmk</mi> <mi>c</mi> </msub> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>D</mi> <mi>c</mi> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> <mrow> <msubsup> <mi>P</mi> <mrow> <msub> <mi>mk</mi> <mi>c</mi> </msub> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>int</mi> <mi>r</mi> <mi>a</mi> <mi>c</mi> <mi>e</mi> <mi>l</mi> <mi>l</mi> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mi>P</mi> <mrow> <msub> <mi>mk</mi> <mi>c</mi> </msub> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>int</mi> <mi>e</mi> <mi>r</mi> <mi>c</mi> <mi>e</mi> <mi>l</mi> <mi>l</mi> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>P</mi> <mi>N</mi> </msub> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow>
<mrow> <msub> <mi>SINR</mi> <mrow> <msub> <mi>mk</mi> <mi>e</mi> </msub> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <msub> <mi>P</mi> <mi>e</mi> </msub> <msubsup> <mi>MA</mi> <mrow> <msub> <mi>mmk</mi> <mi>e</mi> </msub> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>D</mi> <mi>e</mi> </mrow> </msubsup> <msubsup> <mi>&amp;beta;</mi> <mrow> <msub> <mi>mmk</mi> <mi>e</mi> </msub> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>D</mi> <mi>e</mi> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> <mrow> <msubsup> <mi>P</mi> <mrow> <msub> <mi>mk</mi> <mi>e</mi> </msub> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>int</mi> <mi>r</mi> <mi>a</mi> <mi>c</mi> <mi>e</mi> <mi>l</mi> <mi>l</mi> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mi>P</mi> <mrow> <msub> <mi>mk</mi> <mi>e</mi> </msub> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>int</mi> <mi>e</mi> <mi>r</mi> <mi>c</mi> <mi>e</mi> <mi>l</mi> <mi>l</mi> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>P</mi> <mi>N</mi> </msub> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow>
wherein M represents the number of base station antennas, P represents the total transmitting power of the base station end, and P represents the total transmitting power of the base station endcRepresenting the transmit power, P, of the base-end center beameRepresenting the transmission power, P, of the edge beam of the base stationNIn order to be able to measure the power of the noise,is the central beam of the base station of the mth cell to the central user k of the cellcThe large-scale fading of the channel of (a),edge user k from edge beam of base station of m-th cell to local celleLarge scale fading of the channel of (1);is the central beam of the base station of the mth cell to the central user k of the cellcThe gain of the antenna of (1) is,edge user k from edge beam of base station of m-th cell to local celleThe antenna gain of (1);is a central user k of the mth cellcIs detected by the mobile station, and the interference in the cell,is a central user k of the mth cellcThe inter-cell interference of (a) is,is the edge user k of the mth celleIs detected by the mobile station, and the interference in the cell,is the edge user k of the mth celleIs calculated by the following equation:
<mrow> <msubsup> <mi>P</mi> <mrow> <msub> <mi>mk</mi> <mi>c</mi> </msub> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>int</mi> <mi>r</mi> <mi>a</mi> <mi>c</mi> <mi>e</mi> <mi>l</mi> <mi>l</mi> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>=</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <msub> <mi>K</mi> <mi>c</mi> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <msub> <mi>MP</mi> <mi>c</mi> </msub> <msubsup> <mi>A</mi> <mrow> <msub> <mi>mmk</mi> <mi>c</mi> </msub> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>D</mi> <mi>C</mi> </mrow> </msubsup> <msubsup> <mi>&amp;beta;</mi> <mrow> <msub> <mi>mmk</mi> <mi>c</mi> </msub> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>D</mi> <mi>C</mi> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>+</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>K</mi> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mi>K</mi> <mi>c</mi> </msub> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <msub> <mi>MP</mi> <mi>e</mi> </msub> <msubsup> <mi>A</mi> <mrow> <msub> <mi>mmk</mi> <mi>c</mi> </msub> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>D</mi> <mi>e</mi> </mrow> </msubsup> <msubsup> <mi>&amp;beta;</mi> <mrow> <msub> <mi>mmk</mi> <mi>c</mi> </msub> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>D</mi> <mi>e</mi> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow>
<mrow> <msubsup> <mi>P</mi> <mrow> <msub> <mi>mk</mi> <mi>c</mi> </msub> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>int</mi> <mi>e</mi> <mi>r</mi> <mi>c</mi> <mi>e</mi> <mi>l</mi> <mi>l</mi> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>=</mo> <munderover> <mo>&amp;Sigma;</mo> <mrow> <mi>l</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mi>l</mi> <mo>&amp;NotEqual;</mo> <mi>m</mi> </mrow> <mi>L</mi> </munderover> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <msub> <mi>MK</mi> <mi>c</mi> </msub> <msub> <mi>P</mi> <mi>c</mi> </msub> <msubsup> <mi>A</mi> <mrow> <msub> <mi>lmk</mi> <mi>c</mi> </msub> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>D</mi> <mi>c</mi> </mrow> </msubsup> <msubsup> <mi>&amp;beta;</mi> <mrow> <msub> <mi>lmk</mi> <mi>c</mi> </msub> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>D</mi> <mi>c</mi> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>+</mo> <mi>M</mi> <mo>(</mo> <mrow> <mi>K</mi> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mi>K</mi> <mi>c</mi> </msub> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> <msub> <mi>P</mi> <mi>e</mi> </msub> <msubsup> <mi>A</mi> <mrow> <msub> <mi>lmk</mi> <mi>c</mi> </msub> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>D</mi> <mi>e</mi> </mrow> </msubsup> <msubsup> <mi>&amp;beta;</mi> <mrow> <msub> <mi>lmk</mi> <mi>c</mi> </msub> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>D</mi> <mi>e</mi> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow>
<mrow> <msubsup> <mi>P</mi> <mrow> <msub> <mi>mk</mi> <mi>e</mi> </msub> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>int</mi> <mi>r</mi> <mi>a</mi> <mi>c</mi> <mi>e</mi> <mi>l</mi> <mi>l</mi> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>K</mi> <mi>c</mi> </msub> <msub> <mi>MP</mi> <mi>c</mi> </msub> <msubsup> <mi>A</mi> <mrow> <msub> <mi>mmk</mi> <mi>e</mi> </msub> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>D</mi> <mi>c</mi> </mrow> </msubsup> <msubsup> <mi>&amp;beta;</mi> <mrow> <msub> <mi>mmk</mi> <mi>e</mi> </msub> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>D</mi> <mi>c</mi> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>+</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>K</mi> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mi>K</mi> <mi>c</mi> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <msub> <mi>MP</mi> <mi>e</mi> </msub> <msubsup> <mi>A</mi> <mrow> <msub> <mi>mmk</mi> <mi>e</mi> </msub> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>D</mi> <mi>e</mi> </mrow> </msubsup> <msubsup> <mi>&amp;beta;</mi> <mrow> <msub> <mi>mmk</mi> <mi>e</mi> </msub> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>D</mi> <mi>e</mi> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow>
<mrow> <msubsup> <mi>P</mi> <mrow> <msub> <mi>mk</mi> <mi>e</mi> </msub> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>int</mi> <mi>e</mi> <mi>r</mi> <mi>c</mi> <mi>e</mi> <mi>l</mi> <mi>l</mi> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>=</mo> <munderover> <mo>&amp;Sigma;</mo> <mrow> <mi>l</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mi>l</mi> <mo>&amp;NotEqual;</mo> <mi>m</mi> </mrow> <mi>L</mi> </munderover> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <msub> <mi>MK</mi> <mi>c</mi> </msub> <msub> <mi>P</mi> <mi>c</mi> </msub> <msubsup> <mi>A</mi> <mrow> <msub> <mi>lmk</mi> <mi>e</mi> </msub> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>D</mi> <mi>c</mi> </mrow> </msubsup> <msubsup> <mi>&amp;beta;</mi> <mrow> <msub> <mi>lmk</mi> <mi>e</mi> </msub> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>D</mi> <mi>c</mi> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>+</mo> <mi>M</mi> <mo>(</mo> <mi>K</mi> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mi>K</mi> <mi>c</mi> </msub> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <msub> <mi>P</mi> <mi>e</mi> </msub> <msubsup> <mi>A</mi> <mrow> <msub> <mi>lmk</mi> <mi>e</mi> </msub> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>D</mi> <mi>e</mi> </mrow> </msubsup> <msubsup> <mi>&amp;beta;</mi> <mrow> <msub> <mi>lmk</mi> <mi>e</mi> </msub> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>D</mi> <mi>e</mi> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>)</mo> </mrow>2
wherein β (.) is the large scale fading of the channel,is the central beam of the base station of the mth cell to the central user k of the cellcThe large-scale fading of the channel of (a),is the edge beam of the base station of the mth cell to the central user k of the cellcThe large-scale fading of the channel of (a),is the central beam of the base station of the l cell to the central user k of the m cellcThe large-scale fading of the channel of (a),is the edge beam of the base station of the l cell to the center user k of the m cellcThe large-scale fading of the channel of (a),is the central beam of the base station of the mth cell to the edge user k of the celleThe large-scale fading of the channel of (a),edge user k from edge beam of base station of m-th cell to local celleThe large-scale fading of the channel of (a),is the central beam of the base station of the l cell to the edge user k of the m celleThe large-scale fading of the channel of (a),is an edge beam of the base station of the l cell to an edge user k of the m celleThe large-scale fading of the channel of (a),as the central beam of the base station of the ith cell to the central user k in the mth cellcThe gain of the antenna of (1) is,edge beam of base station for the ith cell to center user k in the mth cellcThe gain of the antenna of (1) is,as the central beam of the base station of the ith cell to the edge user k in the mth celleThe gain of the antenna of (1) is,edge beam of base station for the ith cell is opposite to edge user k in the mth celleThe gain of the antenna of (1) is,for the central beam of the base station of the mth cell to the central user k of the cellcThe gain of the antenna of (1) is,edge wave beam of base station of m-th cell is opposite to central user k of cellcThe gain of the antenna of (1) is,for the central beam of the base station of the mth cell to the edge user k of the celleThe gain of the antenna of (1) is,edge wave beam of base station of m-th cell is to edge user k of celleThe antenna gain of (1);
step four, for each particle, the updated adaptive value is compared with the best position which the particle has undergone, if the updated adaptive value is better, the updated adaptive value is taken as the current best position and is recorded as the current best positionEach particle not only records its current best position, but also knows the global best position experienced, and records asComparing the new adaptive value obtained by the adaptive value with the global best position, and if the global best position is better, replacing the global best position with the current particle position;
step five, if the adaptive value at the global optimal position meets f (tau) -f (tau-1) < 0.01 or tau reaches a preset threshold value T, the cycle is ended, and the obtained global optimal position is the optimal downward inclination angle and power of the two wave beams; otherwise, returning to the step two.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method η is applied to vertical beamforming in a three-dimensional large-scale antenna networkc,ηe,ηPIs a random number subject to uniform distribution in the range of (-0.15, 0.15).
3. A three-dimensional toy according to claim 1The vertical beam forming method under the scale antenna network is characterized in that: c. C1＝1.5，c2＝2.0，μ＝0.8。
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises: the antenna gain is calculated by:
A(φ,θ)＝-min{-[AH(φ)+AV(θ)],Am}；
where φ represents the azimuth angle of the UE, θ represents the downtilt angle of the UE, AmRepresenting maximum front-to-back attenuation, horizontal antenna gain AH(phi) and vertical antenna gain AV(θ) is calculated by the following formula:
<mrow> <msub> <mi>A</mi> <mi>H</mi> </msub> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>&amp;phi;</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mi>m</mi> <mi>i</mi> <mi>n</mi> <mo>{</mo> <mn>12</mn> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mfrac> <mi>&amp;phi;</mi> <msub> <mi>&amp;phi;</mi> <mrow> <mn>3</mn> <mi>d</mi> <mi>B</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mfrac> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>A</mi> <mi>m</mi> </msub> <mo>}</mo> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>A</mi> <mi>m</mi> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mn>20</mn> <mi>d</mi> <mi>B</mi> </mrow>
<mrow> <msub> <mi>A</mi> <mi>V</mi> </msub> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>&amp;theta;</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mi>m</mi> <mi>i</mi> <mi>n</mi> <mo>{</mo> <mn>12</mn> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>&amp;theta;</mi> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mi>&amp;theta;</mi> <mrow> <mi>t</mi> <mi>i</mi> <mi>l</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <msub> <mi>&amp;theta;</mi> <mrow> <mn>3</mn> <mi>d</mi> <mi>B</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mfrac> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>SLA</mi> <mi>v</mi> </msub> <mo>}</mo> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>SLA</mi> <mi>v</mi> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mn>20</mn> <mi>d</mi> <mi>B</mi> </mrow>
wherein phi is3dBAnd theta3dBRepresenting the 3dB bandwidths, SLA, of the horizontal and vertical beams, respectivelyvRepresents the side lobe attenuation, θtiltIndicating the downtilt of the transmitting end.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises: step five, the T is 200.
6. A vertical beam forming device under a three-dimensional large-scale antenna network is characterized in that: the device comprises a particle initialization and update device and a plurality of base station structures, wherein each base station structure comprises a transceiver module, a beam forming module and a cell throughput calculation module; the particle initialization and updating device is respectively connected with a plurality of base station structures, and a transceiver module in each base station structure is respectively connected with a beam forming module and a cell throughput calculation module;
the particle initialization and updating device is used for initializing particles and transmitting the downward inclination angle and the power of an initialization beam to each base station structure; judging whether the downtilt angle and the power of the current wave beam are optimal or not according to the throughput information uploaded by each base station structure, if so, sending the optimal downtilt angle and the power information to each base station, otherwise, updating the downtilt angle and the power of the wave beam corresponding to the particle, and sending the updated downtilt angle and power information to each base station again;
the transceiver module is used for collecting the information of the users in the cell, the user information of the interference cell and the channel information and transmitting the related information to the cell throughput calculation module; receiving cell throughput information transmitted by the cell throughput calculation module and sending the cell throughput information to the particle initialization and updating device; receiving the beam downward inclination angle and power information sent by the particle initialization and updating device, and transmitting the beam downward inclination angle and power information to a beam forming module;
the cell throughput calculation module is used for obtaining the cell throughput in the current beam state according to the channel information, the information of the cell user and the user information of the interference cell, and sending the cell throughput to the particle initialization and updating device through the transceiver module;
and the beam forming module is used for adjusting the beam direction and power of the base station according to the beam downward inclination angle and the beam power information sent by the particle initialization and updating device.
7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the apparatus for vertical beamforming under a three-dimensional large-scale antenna network comprises: the particle initialization and updating device also comprises a throughput memory unit which memorizes the sum of the throughput when the optimal downward inclination angle and power are obtained; and restarting the particle initialization and updating process under the condition that the difference value between the sum of the throughputs of all the cells received by the particle initialization and updating device and the sum of the throughputs recorded by the throughput memory unit exceeds a set threshold value.
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