CN104849742A - Alpha and beta particle activity detection device - Google Patents

Alpha and beta particle activity detection device Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104849742A
CN104849742A CN201510235944.1A CN201510235944A CN104849742A CN 104849742 A CN104849742 A CN 104849742A CN 201510235944 A CN201510235944 A CN 201510235944A CN 104849742 A CN104849742 A CN 104849742A
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photomultiplier
adjunct circuit
particle
sniffer
activity
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CN104849742B (en
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衣宏昌
曾志
李君利
程建平
孙宇
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Tsinghua University
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Tsinghua University
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Abstract

The present invention discloses an alpha and beta particle activity detection device which comprises a scintillating fiber bundle which comprises a plurality of spaced scintillating fibers, first and second photomultiplier tubes for receiving photons from the scintillating fibers and converting the photons into an electrical signal, first and second photomultiplier tube additional circuits for supplying power to the first and second photomultiplier tubes and amplifying an electrical signal, first and second output ends, and a sealing component. According to the device, the number of the photomultiplier tubes can be reduced, the volume of an overall detection system is reduced, the online measurement of total alpha and total beta activity in water is easily realized, the cost is low, the effective measurement area is large, and the online radioactivity measurement need of drinking water is satisfied.

Description

The particle activity sniffer of α and β
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of measuring technique, particularly the particle activity sniffer of a kind of α and β.
Background technology
Include radioactive indicator in the water quality conventional index that GB " drinking water sanitary standard " GB5749-2006 specifies and limit value, and provide standard (non-limiting values): total α is less than 0.5Bq/L, and total β is less than 1Bq/L.When radioactive indicator exceeds standard, Radionuclide analysis and evaluation should be carried out, can judgement drink, and regulation in " Drinking Water water quality reference index and limit value " that GB5749-2006 provides: the limit value of radium 226 and radium 228 is 5pCi/L (0.18Bp/L), and the limit value of radon is 300pCi/L (10.8Bq/L).
In correlation technique, total α of potable water and total β detects the test in laboratory method (total α and β obtained does not comprise volatility radioactive nuclide in water) that can adopt sampling according to " drinking water standard method of inspection " (GB5750.13-2006), concentrate, measure.But, in existing potable water, total α and β is by after sample concentration sample preparation, the two sudden strain of a muscle detectors of gold silicon surface barrier, α β etc. are utilized to measure, but it can not realize online potable water radioactivity survey, main cause is that radiomaterial activity is extremely low in potable water under normal circumstances, and α and Beta-ray range very short, only have α and β in the water very among a small circle of close detector just can be detected, the measurement lower limit of existing detector can not meet the requirement of on-line measurement far away.
Summary of the invention
The application makes the understanding of following problem and discovery based on inventor:
For improving the on-line measurement realizing potable water, can have two directions solved: a direction concentrates online water, another direction is the detector of the high α of development and beta detection efficiency.
Wherein, concentrate the online of water, its device is complicated, concentration ratio is just meaningful more than 100 times, and the cocnentration factor regular meeting of system increases along with service time and changes, need regularly (1 month or some months) clean filter membrane or change, be therefore not suitable for large-scale application.
The detector developing high α and beta detection efficiency is a feasible direction, and its detector should have the detection efficiency higher to α and β, lower to gamma-ray detection efficiency, and therefore large area, thin detector are features of this kind of detector.But, if press β at water medium range 0.1mm, need the detector of 10 square meters could contact the water of 1L, again because directions of rays is random, in the activity situation of 1Bq/L, the maximum count rate <0.5/s of the detector of 10 square meters.If employing conventional probes, as Low background plastic scintillant---α β plastics twin scintillator, if press detector connects a photomultiplier and calculates, and needs about 3600 photomultipliers, measurement area just can be made to reach 10m 2, system will be very complicated, cost is also very high.
The present invention is intended to solve one of technical matters in above-mentioned correlation technique at least to a certain extent.
For this reason, one object of the present invention is the particle activity sniffer proposing a kind of α and β, and this sniffer not only cost is low, and it is large effectively to measure area, meets the online radioactivity survey demand of potable water.
For achieving the above object, the embodiment of the present invention proposes the particle activity sniffer of a kind of α and β, comprising: flash fiber bundle, and described flash fiber bundle comprises the many flash fibers be spaced apart from each other; First photomultiplier and the second photomultiplier, described first photomultiplier and described second photomultiplier are coupled with one end of described flash fiber bundle and the other end respectively, for receiving the photon from described many flash fibers, and be electric signal by described converting photons; First photomultiplier adjunct circuit and the second photomultiplier adjunct circuit, described first photomultiplier adjunct circuit is connected with described first photomultiplier, described second photomultiplier adjunct circuit is connected with described second photomultiplier, for powering for described first photomultiplier and the second photomultiplier, and amplify described electric signal; First output terminal and the second output terminal, described first output terminal is connected with described first photomultiplier adjunct circuit, and described second output terminal is connected with described second photomultiplier adjunct circuit; Seal assembly, described first photomultiplier and the second photomultiplier, described first photomultiplier adjunct circuit and the second photomultiplier adjunct circuit are sealed in described seal assembly.
According to the particle activity sniffer of α and the β that the embodiment of the present invention proposes, be electric signal by photomultiplier by converting photons, and electric signal is amplified, to realize the measurement of the particle activity of α and β, the quantity of photomultiplier can not only be saved, and reduce the volume of overall detection system, more easily realize the on-line measurement of total α and total β activity in water, not only cost is low, and it is large effectively to measure area, meets the online radioactivity survey demand of potable water.
In addition, the particle activity sniffer of α and β according to the above embodiment of the present invention can also have following additional technical characteristic:
Further, in one embodiment of the invention, said apparatus also comprises: processor, and described processor is connected with described second output terminal with the first output terminal respectively, with the activity according to α particle and/or β particle in the electric signal analytical solution after amplification.
Further, in one embodiment of the invention, by energy spectrum analysis, described processor judges that described particle is described α particle or described β particle.
Further, in one embodiment of the invention, described seal assembly comprises the first seal sleeve and the second seal sleeve, described first photomultiplier and described first photomultiplier adjunct circuit are sealed in described first seal sleeve, and described second photomultiplier and described second photomultiplier adjunct circuit are sealed in described second seal sleeve.
Further, in one embodiment of the invention, said apparatus also comprises: the fixed head being positioned at intrafascicular of described flash fiber, and described fixed head has multiple hole, and described many flash fibers are correspondingly through described multiple hole.
Further, in one embodiment of the invention, said apparatus also comprises: control device, described control device is connected with described processor with described first photomultiplier adjunct circuit, described second photomultiplier adjunct circuit respectively, when described first photomultiplier adjunct circuit and described second photomultiplier adjunct circuit obtain described electric signal simultaneously, control described processor work.
Further, in one embodiment of the invention, said apparatus also comprises: the first cooling device and the second cooling device, described first cooling device and described second cooling device are connected with the described seal assembly of described first photomultiplier with described second photomultiplier respectively, to reduce the temperature of the photomultiplier in described seal assembly.
Further, in one embodiment of the invention, said apparatus also comprises: at least one gamma ray detector, at least one gamma ray detector described is connected with described processor, for detecting gamma-ray intensity in described solution, and deduct the impact of described gamma-rays on the particle activity sniffer of described α and β.
The aspect that the present invention adds and advantage will part provide in the following description, and part will become obvious from the following description, or be recognized by practice of the present invention.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Above-mentioned and/or additional aspect of the present invention and advantage will become obvious and easy understand from accompanying drawing below combining to the description of embodiment, wherein:
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the particle activity sniffer of α and β according to the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the particle activity sniffer of α and β according to an embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the particle activity sniffer of α and β according to the present invention's specific embodiment; And
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of the particle activity sniffer of α and β according to another specific embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
Be described below in detail embodiments of the invention, the example of described embodiment is shown in the drawings, and wherein same or similar label represents same or similar element or has element that is identical or similar functions from start to finish.Be exemplary below by the embodiment be described with reference to the drawings, be intended to for explaining the present invention, and can not limitation of the present invention be interpreted as.
In addition, term " first ", " second " only for describing object, and can not be interpreted as instruction or hint relative importance or imply the quantity indicating indicated technical characteristic.Thus, be limited with " first ", the feature of " second " can express or impliedly comprise one or more these features.In describing the invention, the implication of " multiple " is two or more, unless otherwise expressly limited specifically.
In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly defined and limited, the term such as term " installation ", " being connected ", " connection ", " fixing " should be interpreted broadly, and such as, can be fixedly connected with, also can be removably connect, or connect integratedly; Can be mechanical connection, also can be electrical connection; Can be directly be connected, also indirectly can be connected by intermediary, can be the connection of two element internals.For the ordinary skill in the art, above-mentioned term concrete meaning in the present invention can be understood as the case may be.
In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly defined and limited, fisrt feature second feature it " on " or D score can comprise the first and second features and directly contact, also can comprise the first and second features and not be directly contact but by the other characterisation contact between them.And, fisrt feature second feature " on ", " top " and " above " comprise fisrt feature directly over second feature and oblique upper, or only represent that fisrt feature level height is higher than second feature.Fisrt feature second feature " under ", " below " and " below " comprise fisrt feature directly over second feature and oblique upper, or only represent that fisrt feature level height is less than second feature.
The particle activity sniffer of α and the β proposed according to the embodiment of the present invention is described with reference to the accompanying drawings.With reference to shown in Fig. 1, this device 1000 comprises: flash fiber bundle 100, first photomultiplier 200, second photomultiplier 300, first photomultiplier adjunct circuit 400, second photomultiplier adjunct circuit 500, first output terminal 600, second output terminal 700 and seal assembly 800.
Wherein, flash fiber bundle 100 comprises the many flash fibers be spaced apart from each other 101.First photomultiplier 200 and the second photomultiplier 300 are coupled with one end of flash fiber bundle 100 and the other end respectively, converting photons for receiving the photon from many flash fibers 101, and is electric signal by the first photomultiplier 200 and the second photomultiplier 300.First photomultiplier adjunct circuit 400 is connected with the first photomultiplier 200, second photomultiplier adjunct circuit 500 is connected with the second photomultiplier 300, first photomultiplier adjunct circuit 400 and the second photomultiplier adjunct circuit 500 are for powering for the first photomultiplier 200 and the second photomultiplier 300, and amplification signal.First output terminal 600 is connected with the first photomultiplier adjunct circuit 400, and the second output terminal 700 is connected with the second photomultiplier adjunct circuit 700.First photomultiplier 200 and the second photomultiplier 300, first photomultiplier adjunct circuit 400 and the second photomultiplier adjunct circuit 500 are sealed in seal assembly 800.
In an embodiment of the present invention, hundreds of and even several thousand flash fibers form a branch of by the embodiment of the present invention, its two ends engage with a photomultiplier respectively, α and β particle is injected on arbitrary intrafascicular optical fiber of flash fiber, and all will produce photon, photon is along Optical Fiber Transmission, final arrival photomultiplier, photomultiplier receives these photons and produces electric signal, exports, for subsequent analysis circuit collection analysis after pre-amplification circuit such as photomultiplier adjunct circuit amplifies.The device 1000 of the embodiment of the present invention is equivalent to a kind of α and beta rediation detector, compare with the two sudden strain of a muscle detector of common α, β, the detection table area that single photomultiplier relates to increases by tens times of even hundreds of times, greatly can not only save the quantity of photomultiplier, also reduce the volume of overall detection system, total α of water and the on-line measurement of Dβ are more easily realized.
Further, in one embodiment of the invention, with reference to shown in Fig. 1, the device 1000 of the embodiment of the present invention also comprises: processor (specifically not indicating in Fig. 1).Processor is connected with the second output terminal 700 with the first output terminal 600 respectively, with the activity according to α particle and/or β particle in the electric signal analytical solution after amplification.
Wherein, in one embodiment of the invention, by energy spectrum analysis, processor judges that particle is α particle or β particle.The kinetic energy of α particle is at more than MeV, and β particle energy is generally at below hundreds of keV, and α is generally monoenergetic, and β energy is continuous print, by energy spectrum analysis, can distinguish α, β.
Further, in one embodiment of the invention, with reference to shown in Fig. 1, seal assembly 800 comprises the first seal sleeve (specifically not indicating in Fig. 1) and the second seal sleeve (specifically not indicating in Fig. 1), first photomultiplier 200 and the first photomultiplier adjunct circuit 400 are sealed in the first seal sleeve, and the second photomultiplier 300 and the second photomultiplier adjunct circuit 500 are sealed in the second seal sleeve.
In one particular embodiment of the present invention, with reference to shown in Fig. 2, the embodiment of the present invention comprises 1 flash fiber bundle 1, the two ends of flash fiber bundle 1 are closely constrained to circle, and end face is concordant, flash fiber bundle 1 is except two ends, and the every root flash fiber in flash fiber bundle 1 and other flash fibers of surrounding keep a determining deviation; Comprise 2 photomultipliers 3, photomultiplier 3 is coupled with flash fiber bundle 1 two ends respectively, to accept the photon from flash fiber; Comprise 2 cover photomultiplier adjunct circuits 4, be connected with photomultiplier 3 respectively, provide power supply and extraction for photomultiplier 3 and amplify the output signal of photomultiplier 3; Comprise 2 seal sleeves 5, for installing photomultiplier 3 and photomultiplier adjunct circuit 4, there is the electric interfaces 6 for powering and output signal seal sleeve 5 one end, and the other end seals 7 by between flash fiber bundle 1 and seal sleeve 5.
Further, in one embodiment of the invention, with reference to shown in Fig. 1, the device 1000 of the embodiment of the present invention also comprises: the fixed head (Fig. 1 does not specifically indicate) being arranged in intrafascicular of flash fiber.Fixed head has multiple hole, and many flash fibers 101 are correspondingly through multiple hole.
In one particular embodiment of the present invention, with reference to shown in Fig. 2, the middle part of flash fiber bundle 1 has one piece to be with the plate 8 in multiple hole to be equivalent to fixed head, the quantity in the hole of perforated plate 8 is more than or equal to the number of fibers of flash fiber bundle 1, each root optical fiber in flash fiber bundle 1 is through a hole of perforated plate 8, and each hole is only through an optical fiber.
Wherein, the plate 8 with multiple hole and seal sleeve 5 use support 9 to fix relative position between them, and the every root optical fiber in flash fiber bundle 1 is straightened, and between flash fiber bundle 1 and photomultiplier 3 and seal sleeve 5, position immobilizes.
In one embodiment of the invention, the plate 8 with multiple hole can be circular, and on plate, hole is uniformly distributed.
Further, in one embodiment of the invention, with reference to shown in Fig. 1, the device 1000 of the embodiment of the present invention also comprises: control device (specifically not indicating in Fig. 1).Control device is connected with processor with the first photomultiplier adjunct circuit 400, second photomultiplier adjunct circuit 500 respectively.When the first photomultiplier adjunct circuit 400 and the second photomultiplier adjunct circuit 500 obtain electric signal simultaneously, control device control processor works.
In one particular embodiment of the present invention, with reference to shown in Fig. 3, the coincidence circuit 12 also comprising a pick-up probe output signal 10 and output coincidence circuit output signal 11 of the embodiment of the present invention, coincidence circuit 12 is equivalent to control device.Coincidence circuit 12 is connected by electric interfaces 6 with two photomultiplier adjunct circuits 4, and only have when two photomultiplier adjunct circuits 4 produce signal simultaneously, signal is just considered to the signal that α or β ray causes.
Further, in one embodiment of the invention, with reference to shown in Fig. 1, the device 1000 of the embodiment of the present invention also comprises: the first cooling device (specifically not indicating in Fig. 1) and the second cooling device (specifically not indicating in Fig. 1).First cooling device and the second cooling device are connected with the seal assembly 800 of the first photomultiplier 200 with the second photomultiplier 300 respectively, to reduce the temperature of the photomultiplier in seal assembly 800.
In one particular embodiment of the present invention, with reference to shown in Fig. 3, the embodiment of the present invention also comprises two refrigerating plants (specifically not indicating in Fig. 3), and refrigerating plant is equivalent to cooling device.Refrigerating plant is respectively used to the refrigeration of two photomultipliers 3, makes the temperature of photomultiplier 3 can be controlled in-40 degrees Celsius to the arbitrary temperature place within the scope of 30 DEG C.
Wherein, in one embodiment of the invention, with reference to shown in Fig. 4, due to from Optical Fiber Transmission to photomultiplier 3 signal more weak, impact is produced the measurement of signal by the electronic noise of photomultiplier 3 itself to β ray, in order to reduce the electronic noise of photomultiplier 3, need to lower the temperature to it, make its work at a lower temperature, guarantee is to Beta-ray normal measurement, therefore in an embodiment of the present invention, refrigerating plant can comprise insulating sleeve 13, electricity cooling piece 14 and heat radiator 15, realize the refrigeration of photomultiplier, thus the temperature of photomultiplier 3 can be controlled.
Further, in one embodiment of the invention, with reference to shown in Fig. 1, the embodiment of the present invention also comprises: at least one gamma ray detector (specifically not indicating in Fig. 1).At least one gamma ray detector is connected with processor, for detecting gamma-ray intensity in solution, and deducts the impact of gamma-rays on the particle activity sniffer of α and β.Wherein, gamma ray detector measures gamma-ray intensity in water, and processor proportionally deducts gamma-ray impact from the tale that sniffer 1000 is measured.
According to the particle activity sniffer of α and the β that the embodiment of the present invention proposes, be electric signal by photomultiplier by converting photons, and electric signal is amplified, to realize the measurement of the particle activity of α and β, the quantity of photomultiplier can not only be saved, and reduce the volume of overall detection system, more easily realize the on-line measurement of total α and total β activity in water, not only cost is low, and it is large effectively to measure area, meets the online radioactivity survey demand of potable water.
Describe and can be understood in process flow diagram or in this any process otherwise described or method, represent and comprise one or more for realizing the module of the code of the executable instruction of the step of specific logical function or process, fragment or part, and the scope of the preferred embodiment of the present invention comprises other realization, wherein can not according to order that is shown or that discuss, comprise according to involved function by the mode while of basic or by contrary order, carry out n-back test, this should understand by embodiments of the invention person of ordinary skill in the field.
In flow charts represent or in this logic otherwise described and/or step, such as, the sequencing list of the executable instruction for realizing logic function can be considered to, may be embodied in any computer-readable medium, for instruction execution system, device or equipment (as computer based system, comprise the system of processor or other can from instruction execution system, device or equipment instruction fetch and perform the system of instruction) use, or to use in conjunction with these instruction execution systems, device or equipment.With regard to this instructions, " computer-readable medium " can be anyly can to comprise, store, communicate, propagate or transmission procedure for instruction execution system, device or equipment or the device that uses in conjunction with these instruction execution systems, device or equipment.The example more specifically (non-exhaustive list) of computer-readable medium comprises following: the electrical connection section (electronic installation) with one or more wiring, portable computer diskette box (magnetic device), random access memory (RAM), ROM (read-only memory) (ROM), erasablely edit ROM (read-only memory) (EPROM or flash memory), fiber device, and portable optic disk ROM (read-only memory) (CDROM).In addition, computer-readable medium can be even paper or other suitable media that can print described program thereon, because can such as by carrying out optical scanning to paper or other media, then carry out editing, decipher or carry out process with other suitable methods if desired and electronically obtain described program, be then stored in computer memory.
Should be appreciated that each several part of the present invention can realize with hardware, software, firmware or their combination.In the above-described embodiment, multiple step or method can with to store in memory and the software performed by suitable instruction execution system or firmware realize.Such as, if realized with hardware, the same in another embodiment, can realize by any one in following technology well known in the art or their combination: the discrete logic with the logic gates for realizing logic function to data-signal, there is the special IC of suitable combinational logic gate circuit, programmable gate array (PGA), field programmable gate array (FPGA) etc.
Those skilled in the art are appreciated that realizing all or part of step that above-described embodiment method carries is that the hardware that can carry out instruction relevant by program completes, described program can be stored in a kind of computer-readable recording medium, this program perform time, step comprising embodiment of the method one or a combination set of.
In addition, each functional unit in each embodiment of the present invention can be integrated in a processing module, also can be that the independent physics of unit exists, also can be integrated in a module by two or more unit.Above-mentioned integrated module both can adopt the form of hardware to realize, and the form of software function module also can be adopted to realize.If described integrated module using the form of software function module realize and as independently production marketing or use time, also can be stored in a computer read/write memory medium.
The above-mentioned storage medium mentioned can be ROM (read-only memory), disk or CD etc.
In the description of this instructions, specific features, structure, material or feature that the description of reference term " embodiment ", " some embodiments ", " example ", " concrete example " or " some examples " etc. means to describe in conjunction with this embodiment or example are contained at least one embodiment of the present invention or example.In this manual, identical embodiment or example are not necessarily referred to the schematic representation of above-mentioned term.And the specific features of description, structure, material or feature can combine in an appropriate manner in any one or more embodiment or example.
Although illustrate and describe embodiments of the invention above, be understandable that, above-described embodiment is exemplary, can not be interpreted as limitation of the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art can change above-described embodiment within the scope of the invention when not departing from principle of the present invention and aim, revising, replacing and modification.

Claims (8)

1. a particle activity sniffer of α and β, is characterized in that, comprising:
Flash fiber bundle, described flash fiber bundle comprises the many flash fibers be spaced apart from each other;
First photomultiplier and the second photomultiplier, described first photomultiplier and described second photomultiplier are coupled with one end of described flash fiber bundle and the other end respectively, for receiving the photon from described many flash fibers, and be electric signal by described converting photons;
First photomultiplier adjunct circuit and the second photomultiplier adjunct circuit, described first photomultiplier adjunct circuit is connected with described first photomultiplier, described second photomultiplier adjunct circuit is connected with described second photomultiplier, for powering for described first photomultiplier and the second photomultiplier, and amplify described electric signal;
First output terminal and the second output terminal, described first output terminal is connected with described first photomultiplier adjunct circuit, and described second output terminal is connected with described second photomultiplier adjunct circuit;
Seal assembly, described first photomultiplier and the second photomultiplier, described first photomultiplier adjunct circuit and the second photomultiplier adjunct circuit are sealed in described seal assembly.
2. the particle activity sniffer of α and β according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, also comprise: processor, described processor is connected with described second output terminal with the first output terminal respectively, with the activity according to α particle and/or β particle in the electric signal analytical solution after amplification.
3. the particle activity sniffer of α and β according to claim 2, is characterized in that, by energy spectrum analysis, described processor judges that described particle is described α particle or described β particle.
4. the particle activity sniffer of α and β according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described seal assembly comprises the first seal sleeve and the second seal sleeve, described first photomultiplier and described first photomultiplier adjunct circuit are sealed in described first seal sleeve, and described second photomultiplier and described second photomultiplier adjunct circuit are sealed in described second seal sleeve.
5. the particle activity sniffer of α and β according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, also comprise: the fixed head being positioned at intrafascicular of described flash fiber, described fixed head has multiple hole, and described many flash fibers are correspondingly through described multiple hole.
6. the particle activity sniffer of α and β according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, also comprise: control device, described control device is connected with described processor with described first photomultiplier adjunct circuit, described second photomultiplier adjunct circuit respectively, when described first photomultiplier adjunct circuit and described second photomultiplier adjunct circuit obtain described electric signal simultaneously, control described processor work.
7. the particle activity sniffer of α and β according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, also comprise: the first cooling device and the second cooling device, described first cooling device and described second cooling device are connected with the described seal assembly of described first photomultiplier with described second photomultiplier respectively, to reduce the temperature of the photomultiplier in described seal assembly.
8. the particle activity sniffer of α and β according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, also comprise: at least one gamma ray detector, at least one gamma ray detector described is connected with described processor, for detecting gamma-ray intensity in described solution, and deduct the impact of described gamma-rays on the particle activity sniffer of described α and β.
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CN105954787A (en) * 2016-04-19 2016-09-21 成都新核泰科科技有限公司 Water body radioactivity online monitoring system
CN109655874A (en) * 2019-02-25 2019-04-19 衡阳师范学院 Scintillation chamber surveys radon device and method

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