CN104838860A - Modeled strawberry cultivation technology - Google Patents

Modeled strawberry cultivation technology Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104838860A
CN104838860A CN201510258968.9A CN201510258968A CN104838860A CN 104838860 A CN104838860 A CN 104838860A CN 201510258968 A CN201510258968 A CN 201510258968A CN 104838860 A CN104838860 A CN 104838860A
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fertilizer
time
days
strawberry
apply
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CN104838860B (en
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陆玉英
阮经宙
李一伟
罗瑞鸿
刘云
姜新
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Horticultural Research Institute of Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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Horticultural Research Institute of Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses modeled strawberry cultivation technology. The modeled strawberry cultivation technology includes: rational close planting, namely selecting seedlings with 4-6 compound leaves and more than 0.6cm (including 0.6cm) in rhizome diameter, planting the seedlings in two rows according to row spacing of 110cm and plant spacing of 23-25cm, and planting 5000-5500 plants per 667 m<2>; quantitatively fertilizing, namely 1), applying base fertilizer, namely applying 800-1500kg of compost fertilizer, 80-120kg of calcium magnesia phosphate fertilizer, 40-60kg of lime, 25-40kg of heavy calcium carbonate powder, 80-120kg of chitin and 150-210kg of biological organic fertilizer per 667m<2>; 2), top dressing, namely alternately using fertilizer A and fertilizer B which are water-soluble. Virus-free seedling and a cultivation mode of improved variety and a good method are adopted, so that the problems of nonstandard cultivation management, virus carrying of seedlings, serious insect pest, misuse of fertilizer and insecticide and soil salt standard exceeding, high insecticide residue content and low yield in strawberry production are solved.

Description

A kind of strawberry patterned culture technique
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of cultivated strawberry technology, particularly relate to a kind of strawberry patterned culture technique.
Background technology
Strawberry berry fragrance succulence, sour and sweet palatability, nutritious, have the good reputation of " berry queen ".Containing a large amount of vitamin Cs in strawberry fruit, in every 100g pulp, VC content is up to 50-160mg, higher than oranges and tangerines three, than apple and grape more than high ten times, strawberry juice can Glycerin, reduces wrinkle of skin, the formation that polyphenoils can suppress human body melanin and freckle blackspot is rich in strawberry, be a kind of health-care good product of natural beautifying face and moistering lotion, be described as abroad " cheap health products ", Japanese people claims strawberry to be " vitamin pill of living ".The sugar of strawberry is empty calory sugar, is one of edible several fruit of diabetic.Strawberry is not only containing than the vitamin of other fruit high ten times, and in fruit, contained ellagic acid has anticancer effect, and therefore in very great demand at European & American Market, price is five times of apple, two times of grape, and still supply falls short of demand.
The winter climate warm and moist in Guangxi, illumination is sufficient, and soil be subacidity, suitable plant strain growth, and field planting before and after the mid-autumn is ripe at the beginning of 12 months, from field planting to time reality maturation only need 60 days.Along with socioeconomic fast development, urbanization process is accelerated, people are fed up with to long-term fast pace urban life, want to experience peaceful idyllic life, experience rural field quiet, therefore, with return to the garden, experience agro-farming is that the leisure agriculture of characteristic is arisen at the historic moment, haw during Strawberry ripening season, greenery, that spends in vain pretty and dazzlingly especially likes by young woman and child, because of its berry, not storage tolerance, suitable to adopting, therefore surrounding city is spontaneous defines strawberry sightseeing from adopting garden, it is short that strawberry cultivating has become surrounding city development one of high-efficiency agriculture, flat, fast project.But Guangxi cultivated strawberry technology backwardness relatively, cultivation management is lack of standardization, abuse fertilizer, agricultural chemicals, the culture technique that continuous cropping etc. for many years fall behind, and cause damage by disease and insect to occur serious, death rate is high, yield poorly or the certain kind of berries garden that has no harvest more and more general, earn money more and more difficult.Therefore, in order to meet the demand of citizen to safe strawberry, pursue low cost, high-quality and high benefit, strawberry standardization, medelling plantation are the popular problems of strawberry development.
Summary of the invention
An object of the present invention is to solve at least the problems referred to above and/or defect, and the advantage will illustrated at least is below provided.
Of the present invention also have an object to be to provide the standardization of a kind of strawberry, patterned culture technique, to improve the seed output and quality of strawberry.
Technical scheme provided by the invention is:
A kind of strawberry patterned culture technique, comprising:
A, rational close planting, select to have 4-6 sheet compound leaf, root shin diameter, the seedling of more than 0.6cm, is 110cm by line-spacing, and spacing in the rows is the plantation of 23-25cm duplicate rows, every 667m 2plant 5000-5500 strain;
B, optimum period, plant, and carry out field planting to early October by the end of September in annual;
C, quantified fertilizer application
1) base manure is applied, every 667m 2apply the fertilizer 800-1500kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed, fused calcium magnesium phosphate 80-120kg, lime 40-60kg, dry powder 25-40kg, chitin 80-120kg and biological organic fertilizer 150-210kg;
2) topdress, select water miscible A fertilizer and the fertile rotation of B to use, wherein A fertilizer is 20-20-20+TE, B fertilizer is 15-10-30+TE; After field planting 15 days, first time topdressed, every 667m 2apply the fertile 0.8-1.2kg of A; Second time is topdressed, every 667m 2apply the fertile 1.5-2.1kg of A, third time topdresses, every 667m 2apply the fertile 0.8-1.2kg of A fertile 1.5-2.1kg, B; Topdress for 4th time, every 667m 2apply the fertile 2.5-3.5kg of B; Topdress for 5th time, every 667m 2apply the fertile 2.5-3.5kg of B; Topdress for 6th time, every 667m 2apply the fertile 2.5-3.5kg of B; Topdress for 7th time, every 667m 2apply the fertile 2.5-3.5kg of A; Topdress for 8th time, every 667m 2apply the fertile 2.5-3.5kg of B; Topdress 10-15 days of being separated by every turn.
Preferably, in described strawberry patterned culture technique, described biological organic fertilizer is made up of the component of following parts by weight:
Manioc waste 50-70 part, dry branches and fallen leaves 25-35 part, bone meal 25-35 part, peanut press pulp 25-35 part, peat soil 25-35 part and biological bacteria leavening 0.5-0.8 part.
Preferably, in described strawberry patterned culture technique, the preparation method of described biological organic fertilizer is:
Be the manioc waste of 50-70 part by parts by weight, fully mix thoroughly after the biological bacteria leavening mixing of the dry branches and fallen leaves of 25-35 part, the bone meal of 25-35 part, the peanut press pulp of 25-35 part, the peat soil of 25-35 part and 0.5-0.8 part, pile up rear covered rearing with plastic film, spontaneous fermentation 30-40 days, obtains described biological organic fertilizer.
Preferably, in described strawberry patterned culture technique, also comprise:
The selection of D, kind, selects sweet Charlie as cultivated strawberry kind;
The selection of E, Miao Yuan, selects imported from America detoxic seedling original seed, and the healthy seedling that northern high latitude high altitude localities is bred;
F, composite fertilizer of spreading manuer in holes, after field planting 20 days, the Stanley composite fertilizer 15-20g of the N P and K 17-17-17 that often spreads manuer in holes.
Preferably, in described strawberry patterned culture technique, also comprise:
G, seedling conservative management
When a, field planting, sunshade net is laid on seedling ground;
After b, field planting in 7 days, sooner or later drip, maintenance soil moisture content is 90-100%;
7-10 days after c, field planting, removes sunshade net during second young leaves pumping in time, shines ground, furrow face soil is shone to dripping after turning white permeable, then shines ground, 2-3 time repeatedly;
22-27 days after d, field planting, laying plastic when plant starts sporadicly to bloom;
E, annual-15 days on the 5th December lid horticultural covering film carry out rain cover insulation.
Preferably, in described strawberry patterned culture technique, also comprise:
H, anti-worm of curing the disease
7-10 days after f, field planting, during 1-2 sheet young leaves pumping, spray the safe 8000-10000 times of liquid of 25% Acker and each 1-2 time of 5% Acetamiprid 800-1200 times liquid, and within the 10m of field, spray the safe 8000-10000 times of liquid of 25% Acker and 5% Acetamiprid 800-1200 times liquid does isolation strip, prevent and treat thrips;
15-20 days after g, field planting, sprays 1% abamectin emulsifiable concentrate, 1000 times of liquid control cabbage heart worms and prodenia litura;
H, from the 15th after field planting day, every 15 days, rotation sprayed 80% mancozeb 800-1000 times liquid and the pre-diseases prevention worm of 70% thiophanate methyl 800-1000 times liquid, continuous 5-6 time, and cleaning ageing leaves and sick leaf decayed fruit in time;
I, to pluck in time
In annual late November-Second Year late March plucks.
The present invention at least comprises following beneficial effect:
The present invention, by adopting nontoxic seedling, " breeding+good method " cultivation mode, solves that cultivation management in strawberry production is lack of standardization, nursery stock band virus, and damage by disease and insect occurs serious, and abuse fertilizer, agricultural chemicals, cause soil salt to exceed standard, and the residual height of agriculture, the problem such as yield poorly.
The present invention can make Yield of Strawberry by every 667m 2produce 750kg and bring up to 1500kg, and reach nuisanceless requirement.
The base manure that the present invention applies can meet whole season strawberry to the demand of fertilizer, stably the pH value of soil can be adjusted to about 6.8 again, grow with applicable strawberry, soil salt discharge can also be promoted, can villaumite a large amount of in native soil, heavy metal be discharged outside furrow after drip irrigation, plant grows in clean soil, can improve the generation of plantation survival rate and minimizing soil-borne disease.
The present invention, according to the difference of plant different growing stages to element demands such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sums up uninterrupted fertilizer practice out, can meet plant vegetative growth and reproductive growth to the demand of fertilizer, plant is uninterruptedly yielded positive results.Quantized fertilization time, fertilizer element and fertilizing amount are convenient to the operation of plantation family.
Part is embodied by explanation below by other advantage of the present invention, target and feature, part also will by research and practice of the present invention by those skilled in the art is understood.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail, can implement according to this with reference to specification word to make those skilled in the art.
Embodiment 1
(1) selection of kind, the high yield selecting applicable Guangxi to plant, high-quality, sweet Charlie's strawberry cultivars that resistance capacity is strong.
(2) selection of Miao Yuan, selects imported from America detoxic seedling original seed and the healthy nursery stock bred in northern high latitude high altitude localities.Adopt detoxic seedling to solve deterioration of variety that natural breed causes, damage by disease and insect are serious, the problems such as seed output and quality reduction.Can meet temperature needed for Flower Bud Differentiation of Strawberry and chilling requirement in northern high latitude high altitude localities nursery, after south is transplanted, character of fruitage is good continuously.
(3) rational close planting, every 667m 2plant 5000 strains, under this density conditions, both ensured that ontogeny was good, can accomplish that again population growth is consistent.Select every seedling tool 4 compound leaves, root shin diameter at the healthy seedling of more than 0.6cm, according to line-spacing 110cm, spacing in the rows 23cm, duplicate rows is planted.Traditional implantation methods is every 667m 2plant 8000-10000 strain, need be removed by most leaf like this after first batch of fruit is terminated, to improve permeability between plant, healthy leaves is cleaned causes nutrition to waste, and easily causes disconnected stubble, and during priming leaf, people, for causing wound, brings out disease simultaneously.This technology planting density is the optimum density of screening after repeatedly repeated test, and this density also guarantees the permeability in later stage while not affecting early yield.Only need clear up ageing leaves when plant leaf is overstocked, not injure plant, plant nutrition is balanced, and continuous stubble, continuous result is good.
(4) optimum period plantation, in carrying out field planting by the end of September.Field planting by the end of September can make nursery stock complete sufficient flower bud differentiation and enough chilling requirements in northern nursery, and high yield, high-quality performance are good.Resident time should not be later than October 20 at the latest, otherwise can reduce due to temperature, and plant strain growth is slow, causes and yields poorly.
(5) quantified fertilizer application
1) base manure: every 667m 2apply and ferment decomposed manure 800kg, fused calcium magnesium phosphate 80kg, lime 40kg, dry powder 25kg, chitin 80kg, self-control biological organic fertilizer 150kg, wherein the preparation method of biological organic fertilizer is: manioc waste 50kg, dry branches and fallen leaves 25kg, bone meal 25kg, peanut press pulp 25kg, peat soil 25kg, biological bacteria leavening 500g are mixed, fully mix thoroughly, pile up and use covered rearing with plastic film, spontaneous fermentation, in fermentation process, central temperature reaches 60 DEG C, fermentation time 30 days; Fertilizer Combination in base manure can meet whole season strawberry to the demand of fertilizer, and fertilizer interacts, and soil pH value is adjusted to about 6.8 Absorbable organic halogens, is applicable to strawberry and grows.Promote soil salt discharge, after drip irrigation, villaumite a large amount of in native soil, heavy metal are discharged outside furrow, plant is grown in clean soil, the generation of plantation survival rate and minimizing soil-borne disease can be improved.
2) spread manuer in holes the Stanley composite fertilizer of N P and K 17-17-17, plant and carry out spreading manuer in holes composite fertilizer in latter 20 days, often spread manuer in holes composite fertilizer 15g, and mu executes 50kg.Composite fertilizer of spreading manuer in holes can to solve when southern rainy weather should not execute liquid manure plant to the needs of problems of fertilizer.
3) topdress: fertilizer selects the A fertilizer of water soluble fertilizer and the fertile rotation of B to use, and A fertilizer is 20-20-20+TE, B fertilizer is 15-10-30+TE; Topdress for 1st time and execute A fertilizer, every 667m 2apply 0.8kg; Topdress for 2nd time and execute A fertilizer, every 667m 2apply 1.5kg; Topdress for 3rd time and execute A fertilizer and B fertilizer, every 667m 2apply 1.5kgA fertilizer and 0.8kgB fertilizer; The 4th is topdressed and is executed B fertilizer, every 667m 2apply 2.5kg; The 5th is topdressed and is executed B fertilizer, every 667m 2apply 2.5kg; Topdress for 6th time and execute B fertilizer, every 667m 2apply 2.5kg; Topdress for 7th time and execute A fertilizer, every 667m 2apply 2.5kg; Topdress for 8th time and execute B fertilizer, every 667m 2apply 2.5kg.Topdress and be liquid manure drip irrigation, topdress for 1st time as after field planting, 15 days start, executed once every 10 days later, this fertilizing amount and fertilising interval are the experiences summed up according to the change of multiple years test observation plant table phase and soil EC value, this fertilizer practice can make soil EC value remain in reasonable index, can make plant homoepitaxial under reasonable soil fertility condition simultaneously, uninterruptedly yield positive results, avoid causing salt to exceed standard because soil and fertilizer is excessive, the phenomenons such as the impaired morbidity of plant.
(6) facilities protection management
1) during field planting, seedling ground hangs sunshade net, adopt sunshade net protection, reduces the generation of sunscald in order to slow seedling.Because temperature during field planting is high, illumination strong, easily cause plant dehydration and sunscald, adopt sunshade net protection can improve survival rate and make plant early flowering result.
2) after field planting in 7 days, sooner or later drip, keep soil moisture content 90%, in order to slow seedling.After field planting 7 days, sunshade net removed and notes suitably controlling moisture, alternation of wetting and drying by the 2nd young leaves pumping in time, and induction root system is to submerged growth.Method is: reduce the amount of dripping, and shines ground, drips permeable after furrow face soil is turned white, then shines ground, repeatedly carries out 2 times.
3) lid mulch film, plants latter 22 days, carries out lid mulch film when plant starts sporadicly to bloom, and the time is November 5, and the lid mulch film time is not later than November 20 at the latest, otherwise can affect plant strain growth.
4) lid horticultural covering film, the cooling rainfall in-15 days on the 5th December that Guangxi is annual, the now full bearing period of the first sequence flower just, in time lid horticultural covering film rain cover insulation before cooling rainfall.
(7) anti-worm of curing the disease
Plant latter 7 days, attention control thrips, adopt the safe 8000 times of liquid of 25% Acker and 5% Acetamiprid, 800 times of liquid, spray 1 time; Observation in 2012-2014 years continuous 3 years, easily causes harm by thrips during 7-10 days 1-2 sheet young leaves pumpings after plantation, medication 1-2 time.Within the 10m of field, spray 25% Acker safe 8000 times of liquid during control thrips and 5% Acetamiprid, 800 times of liquid do isolation strip, otherwise the thrips of periphery is easy to climb into field causes harm, causes repeatedly medication.
Plant latter 15 days attention control cabbage heart worms and prodenia litura, adopt 1% abamectin emulsifiable concentrate, 1000 times of liquid to spray control.After plantation, daytime has cabbage heart worm adult to fly into lay eggs, have night prodenia litura to enter garden and lay eggs, and before three ages, spray medicine control in time, if medication is too early, agricultural chemicals kills not dead unhatched worm's ovum, and more than four ages larva pesticide resistance is strong, is not easy to be killed.
From the 15th day after plantation, adopt imported from America 80% mancozeb 800 times of liquid or 70% thiophanate methyl, 800 times of liquid to prevent and treat, two kinds of medicine rotations use, and every spray in 15 days once, spray 5 times, and timely cleaning ageing leaves and sick leaf decayed fruit.After mid-November, Guangxi mercury dropped, insect inertia, does not need to spray insecticide again, puts prevention first with disease control.
(8) pluck in time, pluck in annual late November.When gathering, fruit maturity reaches 90%-95%.
Embodiment 2
(1) selection of kind, the high yield selecting applicable Guangxi to plant, high-quality, sweet Charlie's strawberry cultivars that resistance capacity is strong.
(2) selection of Miao Yuan, selects imported from America detoxic seedling original seed and the healthy nursery stock bred in northern high latitude high altitude localities.Adopt detoxic seedling to solve deterioration of variety that natural breed causes, damage by disease and insect are serious, the problems such as seed output and quality reduction.Can meet temperature needed for Flower Bud Differentiation of Strawberry and chilling requirement in northern high latitude high altitude localities nursery, after south is transplanted, character of fruitage is good continuously.
(3) rational close planting, every 667m 2plant 5500 strains, under this density conditions, both ensured that ontogeny was good, can accomplish that again population growth is consistent.Select every seedling tool 6 compound leaves, root shin diameter at the healthy seedling of more than 0.6cm, according to line-spacing 110cm, spacing in the rows 25cm, duplicate rows is planted.Traditional implantation methods is every 667m 2plant 8000-10000 strain, need be removed by most leaf like this after first batch of fruit is terminated, to improve permeability between plant, healthy leaves is cleaned causes nutrition to waste, and easily causes disconnected stubble, and during priming leaf, people, for causing wound, brings out disease simultaneously.This technology planting density is the optimum density of screening after repeatedly repeated test, and this density also guarantees the permeability in later stage while not affecting early yield.Only need clear up ageing leaves when plant leaf is overstocked, not injure plant, plant nutrition is balanced, and continuous stubble, continuous result is good.
(4) optimum period plantation, carries out field planting in early October.Early October field planting can make nursery stock complete sufficient flower bud differentiation and enough chilling requirements in northern nursery, and high yield, high-quality performance are good.Resident time should not be later than October 20 at the latest, otherwise can reduce due to temperature, and plant strain growth is slow, causes and yields poorly.
(5) quantified fertilizer application
1) base manure: every 667m 2apply and ferment decomposed manure 1500kg, fused calcium magnesium phosphate 120kg, lime 60kg, dry powder 40kg, chitin 120kg, self-control biological organic fertilizer 210kg, wherein the preparation method of biological organic fertilizer is: manioc waste 70kg, dry branches and fallen leaves 35kg, bone meal 35kg, peanut press pulp 35kg, peat soil 35kg, biological bacteria leavening 800g are mixed, fully mix thoroughly, pile up and use covered rearing with plastic film, spontaneous fermentation, in fermentation process, central temperature reaches 75 DEG C, fermentation time 40 days; Fertilizer Combination in base manure can meet whole season strawberry to the demand of fertilizer, and fertilizer interacts, and soil pH value is adjusted to about 6.8 Absorbable organic halogens, is applicable to strawberry and grows.Promote soil salt discharge, after drip irrigation, villaumite a large amount of in native soil, heavy metal are discharged outside furrow, plant is grown in clean soil, the generation of plantation survival rate and minimizing soil-borne disease can be improved.
2) spread manuer in holes the Stanley composite fertilizer of N P and K 17-17-17, plant and carry out spreading manuer in holes composite fertilizer in latter 20 days, often spread manuer in holes composite fertilizer 20g, and mu executes 50kg.Composite fertilizer of spreading manuer in holes can to solve when southern rainy weather should not execute liquid manure plant to the needs of problems of fertilizer.
3) topdress: fertilizer selects the A fertilizer of water soluble fertilizer and the fertile rotation of B to use, and A fertilizer is 20-20-20+TE, B fertilizer is 15-10-30+TE; Topdress for 1st time and execute A fertilizer, every 667m 2apply 1.2kg; Topdress for 2nd time and execute A fertilizer, every 667m 2apply 2.1kg; Topdress for 3rd time and execute A fertilizer and B fertilizer, every 667m 2apply 2.1kgA fertilizer and 1.2kgB fertilizer; The 4th is topdressed and is executed B fertilizer, every 667m 2apply 3.5kg; The 5th is topdressed and is executed B fertilizer, every 667m 2apply 3.5kg; Topdress for 6th time and execute B fertilizer, every 667m 2apply 3.5kg; Topdress for 7th time and execute A fertilizer, every 667m 2apply 3.5kg; Topdress for 8th time and execute B fertilizer, every 667m 2apply 3.5kg.Topdress and be liquid manure drip irrigation, topdress for 1st time as after field planting, 15 days start, executed once every 15 days later, this fertilizing amount and fertilising interval are the experiences summed up according to the change of multiple years test observation plant table phase and soil EC value, this fertilizer practice can make soil EC value remain in reasonable index, can make plant homoepitaxial under reasonable soil fertility condition simultaneously, uninterruptedly yield positive results, avoid causing salt to exceed standard because soil and fertilizer is excessive, the phenomenons such as the impaired morbidity of plant.
(6) facilities protection management
1) during field planting, seedling ground hangs sunshade net, adopt sunshade net protection, reduces the generation of sunscald in order to slow seedling.Because temperature during field planting is high, illumination strong, easily cause plant dehydration and sunscald, adopt sunshade net protection can improve survival rate and make plant early flowering result.
2) after field planting in 7 days, sooner or later drip, keep soil moisture content 100%, in order to slow seedling.After field planting 10 days, sunshade net removed and notes suitably controlling moisture, alternation of wetting and drying by the 2nd young leaves pumping in time, and induction root system is to submerged growth.Method is: reduce the amount of dripping, and shines ground, drips permeable after furrow face soil is turned white, then shines ground, repeatedly carries out 2-3 time.
3) lid mulch film, plants latter 27 days, carries out lid mulch film when plant starts sporadicly to bloom, and the time is November 15, and the lid mulch film time is not later than November 20 at the latest, otherwise can affect plant strain growth.
4) lid horticultural covering film, the cooling rainfall in-15 days on the 5th December that Guangxi is annual, the now full bearing period of the first sequence flower just, in time lid horticultural covering film rain cover insulation before cooling rainfall.
(7) anti-worm of curing the disease
Plant latter 10 days, attention control thrips, adopt the safe 10000 times of liquid of 25% Acker and 5% Acetamiprid, 1200 times of liquid, spray 1-2 time; Observation in 2012-2014 years continuous 3 years, easily causes harm by thrips during 7-10 days 1-2 sheet young leaves pumpings after plantation, medication 1-2 time.Within the 10m of field, spray 25% Acker safe 10000 times of liquid during control thrips and 5% Acetamiprid, 1200 times of liquid do isolation strip, otherwise the thrips of periphery is easy to climb into field causes harm, causes repeatedly medication.
Plant latter 20 days attention control cabbage heart worms and prodenia litura, adopt 1% abamectin emulsifiable concentrate, 1000 times of liquid to spray control.After plantation, daytime has cabbage heart worm adult to fly into lay eggs, have night prodenia litura to enter garden and lay eggs, and before three ages, spray medicine control in time, if medication is too early, agricultural chemicals kills not dead unhatched worm's ovum, and more than four ages larva pesticide resistance is strong, is not easy to be killed.
From the 15th day after plantation, adopt imported from America 80% mancozeb 1000 times of liquid or 70% thiophanate methyl, 1000 times of liquid to prevent and treat, two kinds of medicine rotations use, and every spray in 15 days once, spray 5-6 time, and timely cleaning ageing leaves and sick leaf decayed fruit.After mid-November, Guangxi mercury dropped, insect inertia, does not need to spray insecticide again, puts prevention first with disease control.
(8) pluck in time.Pluck in Second Year late March.When gathering, fruit maturity reaches 90%-95%.
Embodiment 3
(1) selection of kind, the high yield selecting applicable Guangxi to plant, high-quality, sweet Charlie's strawberry cultivars that resistance capacity is strong.
(2) selection of Miao Yuan, selects imported from America detoxic seedling original seed and the healthy nursery stock bred in northern high latitude high altitude localities.Adopt detoxic seedling to solve deterioration of variety that natural breed causes, damage by disease and insect are serious, the problems such as seed output and quality reduction.Can meet temperature needed for Flower Bud Differentiation of Strawberry and chilling requirement in northern high latitude high altitude localities nursery, after south is transplanted, character of fruitage is good continuously.
(3) rational close planting, every 667m 2plant 5250 strains, under this density conditions, both ensured that ontogeny was good, can accomplish that again population growth is consistent.Select every seedling tool 5 compound leaves, root shin diameter at the healthy seedling of more than 0.6cm, according to line-spacing 110cm, spacing in the rows 24cm, duplicate rows is planted.Traditional implantation methods is every 667m 2plant 8000-10000 strain, need be removed by most leaf like this after first batch of fruit is terminated, to improve permeability between plant, healthy leaves is cleaned causes nutrition to waste, and easily causes disconnected stubble, and during priming leaf, people, for causing wound, brings out disease simultaneously.This technology planting density is the optimum density of screening after repeatedly repeated test, and this density also guarantees the permeability in later stage while not affecting early yield.Only need clear up ageing leaves when plant leaf is overstocked, not injure plant, plant nutrition is balanced, and continuous stubble, continuous result is good.
(4) optimum period plantation, carried out field planting at the beginning of 10 months.Field planting at the beginning of 10 months can make nursery stock complete sufficient flower bud differentiation and enough chilling requirements in northern nursery, and high yield, high-quality performance are good.Resident time should not be later than October 20 at the latest, otherwise can reduce due to temperature, and plant strain growth is slow, causes and yields poorly.
(5) quantified fertilizer application
1) base manure: every 667m 2apply and ferment decomposed manure 1150kg, fused calcium magnesium phosphate 100kg, lime 50kg, dry powder 32kg, chitin 100kg, self-control biological organic fertilizer 180kg, wherein the preparation method of biological organic fertilizer is: manioc waste 60kg, dry branches and fallen leaves 30kg, bone meal 30kg, peanut press pulp 30kg, peat soil 30kg, biological bacteria leavening 650g are mixed, fully mix thoroughly, pile up and use covered rearing with plastic film, spontaneous fermentation, in fermentation process, central temperature reaches 67 DEG C, fermentation time 35 days; Fertilizer Combination in base manure can meet whole season strawberry to the demand of fertilizer, and fertilizer interacts, and soil pH value is adjusted to about 6.8 Absorbable organic halogens, is applicable to strawberry and grows.Promote soil salt discharge, after drip irrigation, villaumite a large amount of in native soil, heavy metal are discharged outside furrow, plant is grown in clean soil, the generation of plantation survival rate and minimizing soil-borne disease can be improved.
2) spread manuer in holes the Stanley composite fertilizer of N P and K 17-17-17, plant and carry out spreading manuer in holes composite fertilizer in latter 20 days, often spread manuer in holes composite fertilizer 17g, and mu executes 50kg.Composite fertilizer of spreading manuer in holes can to solve when southern rainy weather should not execute liquid manure plant to the needs of problems of fertilizer.
3) topdress: fertilizer selects the A fertilizer of water soluble fertilizer and the fertile rotation of B to use, and A fertilizer is 20-20-20+TE, B fertilizer is 15-10-30+TE; Topdress for 1st time and execute A fertilizer, every 667m 2apply 1.0kg; Topdress for 2nd time and execute A fertilizer, every 667m 2apply 1.8kg; Topdress for 3rd time and execute A fertilizer and B fertilizer, every 667m 2apply 1.8kgA fertilizer and 1.0kgB fertilizer; The 4th is topdressed and is executed B fertilizer, every 667m 2apply 3.0kg; The 5th is topdressed and is executed B fertilizer, every 667m 2apply 3.0kg; Topdress for 6th time and execute B fertilizer, every 667m 2apply 3.0kg; Topdress for 7th time and execute A fertilizer, every 667m 2apply 3.0kg; Topdress for 8th time and execute B fertilizer, every 667m 2apply 3.0kg.Topdress and be liquid manure drip irrigation, topdress for 1st time as after field planting, 15 days start, executed once every 12 days later, this fertilizing amount and fertilising interval are the experiences summed up according to the change of multiple years test observation plant table phase and soil EC value, this fertilizer practice can make soil EC value remain in reasonable index, can make plant homoepitaxial under reasonable soil fertility condition simultaneously, uninterruptedly yield positive results, avoid causing salt to exceed standard because soil and fertilizer is excessive, the phenomenons such as the impaired morbidity of plant.
(6) facilities protection management
1) during field planting, seedling ground hangs sunshade net, adopt sunshade net protection, reduces the generation of sunscald in order to slow seedling.Because temperature during field planting is high, illumination strong, easily cause plant dehydration and sunscald, adopt sunshade net protection can improve survival rate and make plant early flowering result.
2) after field planting in 7 days, sooner or later drip, keep soil moisture content 95%, in order to slow seedling.After field planting 8 days, sunshade net removed and notes suitably controlling moisture, alternation of wetting and drying by the 2nd young leaves pumping in time, and induction root system is to submerged growth.Method is: reduce the amount of dripping, and shines ground, drips permeable after furrow face soil is turned white, then shines ground, repeatedly carries out 2-3 time.
3) lid mulch film, plants latter 24 days, carries out lid mulch film when plant starts sporadicly to bloom, and the time is November 10, and the lid mulch film time is not later than November 20 at the latest, otherwise can affect plant strain growth.
4) lid horticultural covering film, the cooling rainfall in-15 days on the 5th December that Guangxi is annual, the now full bearing period of the first sequence flower just, in time lid horticultural covering film rain cover insulation before cooling rainfall.
(7) anti-worm of curing the disease
Plant latter 8 days, attention control thrips, adopt the safe 9000 times of liquid of 25% Acker and 5% Acetamiprid, 1000 times of liquid, spray 1-2 time; Observation in 2012-2014 years continuous 3 years, easily causes harm by thrips during 7-10 days 1-2 sheet young leaves pumpings after plantation, medication 1-2 time.Within the 10m of field, spray 25% Acker safe 9000 times of liquid during control thrips and 5% Acetamiprid, 1000 times of liquid do isolation strip, otherwise the thrips of periphery is easy to climb into field causes harm, causes repeatedly medication.
Plant latter 17 days attention control cabbage heart worms and prodenia litura, adopt 1% abamectin emulsifiable concentrate, 1000 times of liquid to spray control.After plantation, daytime has cabbage heart worm adult to fly into lay eggs, have night prodenia litura to enter garden and lay eggs, and before three ages, spray medicine control in time, if medication is too early, agricultural chemicals kills not dead unhatched worm's ovum, and more than four ages larva pesticide resistance is strong, is not easy to be killed.
From the 15th day after plantation, adopt imported from America 80% mancozeb 900 times of liquid or 70% thiophanate methyl, 900 times of liquid to prevent and treat, two kinds of medicine rotations use, and every spray in 15 days once, spray 5-6 time, and timely cleaning ageing leaves and sick leaf decayed fruit.After mid-November, Guangxi mercury dropped, insect inertia, does not need to spray insecticide again, puts prevention first with disease control.
(8) pluck in time, pluck February in Second Year.When gathering, fruit maturity reaches 90%-95%.
Embodiment 4
A kind of strawberry patterned culture technique, comprising:
A, rational close planting, select to have 4 compound leaves, root shin diameter, the seedling of more than 0.6cm, is 110cm by line-spacing, and spacing in the rows is the plantation of 23cm duplicate rows, every 667m 2plant 5000 strains;
B, optimum period, plant, in carrying out field planting by the end of September every year;
C, quantified fertilizer application
1) base manure is applied, every 667m 2apply the fertilizer 800kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed, fused calcium magnesium phosphate 80kg, lime 40kg, dry powder 25kg, chitin 80kg and biological organic fertilizer 150kg;
2) topdress, select water miscible A fertilizer and the fertile rotation of B to use, wherein A fertilizer is 20-20-20+TE, and wherein nitrogen element content is 20%, and phosphorus element content is 20%, and Determination of Potassium is 20%, TE is trace element; B fertilizer is 15-10-30+TE, and wherein nitrogen element content is 15%, and phosphorus element content is 10%, and Determination of Potassium is 30%, TE is trace element; After field planting 15 days, first time topdressed, every 667m 2apply the fertile 0.8kg of A; Second time is topdressed, every 667m 2apply the fertile 1.5kg of A, third time topdresses, every 667m 2apply the fertile 0.8kg of A fertile 1.5kg, B; Topdress for 4th time, every 667m 2apply the fertile 2.5kg of B; Topdress for 5th time, every 667m 2apply the fertile 2.5kg of B; Topdress for 6th time, every 667m 2apply the fertile 2.5kg of B; Topdress for 7th time, every 667m 2apply the fertile 2.5kg of A; Topdress for 8th time, every 667m 2apply the fertile 2.5kg of B; Topdress at every turn and be separated by 10 days.
In described strawberry patterned culture technique, described biological organic fertilizer is made up of the component of following parts by weight:
Manioc waste 50 parts, dry branches and fallen leaves 25 parts, bone meal 25 parts, peanut press pulp 25 parts, peat soil 25 parts and biological bacteria leavening 0.5 part.
In described strawberry patterned culture technique, the preparation method of described biological organic fertilizer is:
Be the manioc waste of 50 parts by parts by weight, fully mix thoroughly after the mixing of the biological bacteria leavening of the dry branches and fallen leaves of 25 parts, the bone meal of 25 parts, the peanut press pulp of 25 parts, the peat soil of 25 parts and 0.5 part, pile up rear covered rearing with plastic film, spontaneous fermentation 30 days, obtains described biological organic fertilizer.
In described strawberry patterned culture technique, also comprise:
The selection of D, kind, selects sweet Charlie as cultivated strawberry kind;
The selection of E, Miao Yuan, selects imported from America detoxic seedling original seed, and the healthy seedling that northern high latitude high altitude localities is bred;
F, composite fertilizer of spreading manuer in holes, after field planting 20 days, the Stanley composite fertilizer 15-20g of the N P and K 17-17-17 that often spreads manuer in holes, in composite fertilizer, nitrogen element content was 17%, and phosphorus element content is 17%, and Determination of Potassium is 17%.
In described strawberry patterned culture technique, also comprise:
G, seedling conservative management
When a, field planting, sunshade net is laid on seedling ground;
After b, field planting in 7 days, sooner or later drip, keep soil moisture content to be 90%;
After c, field planting 7 days, during second young leaves pumping, remove sunshade net in time, shine ground, furrow face soil is shone to dripping after turning white permeable, then shine ground, 2-3 time repeatedly;
After d, field planting 22 days, laying plastic when plant starts sporadicly to bloom;
E, annual December 5 lid horticultural covering film carry out rain cover insulation.
In described strawberry patterned culture technique, also comprise:
H, anti-worm of curing the disease
After f, field planting 7 days, during 1-2 sheet young leaves pumping, spray the safe 8000 times of liquid of 25% Acker and each 1-2 time of 5% Acetamiprid, 800 times of liquid, within the 10m of field, spray the safe 8000 times of liquid of 25% Acker and 5% Acetamiprid, 800 times of liquid do isolation strip, prevent and treat thrips;
After g, field planting 15 days, spray 1% abamectin emulsifiable concentrate, 1000 times of liquid control cabbage heart worms and prodenia litura;
H, from the 15th after field planting day, every 15 days, rotation sprayed 80% mancozeb, 800 times of liquid and the pre-diseases prevention worm of 70% thiophanate methyl, 800 times of liquid, continuous 5-6 time, and cleaning ageing leaves and sick leaf decayed fruit in time;
I, to pluck in time
Pluck in annual late November.
Embodiment 5
A kind of strawberry patterned culture technique, comprising:
A, rational close planting, select to have 6 compound leaves, root shin diameter, the seedling of more than 0.6cm, is 110cm by line-spacing, and spacing in the rows is the plantation of 25cm duplicate rows, every 667m 2plant 5500 strains;
B, optimum period, plant, and carry out field planting to early October by the end of September in annual;
C, quantified fertilizer application
1) base manure is applied, every 667m 2apply the fertilizer 1500kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed, fused calcium magnesium phosphate 120kg, lime 60kg, dry powder 40kg, chitin 120kg and biological organic fertilizer 210kg;
2) topdress, select water miscible A fertilizer and the fertile rotation of B to use, wherein A fertilizer is 20-20-20+TE, and wherein nitrogen element content is 20%, and phosphorus element content is 20%, and Determination of Potassium is 20%, TE is trace element; B fertilizer is 15-10-30+TE, and wherein nitrogen element content is 15%, and phosphorus element content is 10%, and Determination of Potassium is 30%, TE is trace element; After field planting 15 days, first time topdressed, every 667m 2apply the fertile 1.2kg of A; Second time is topdressed, every 667m 2apply the fertile 2.1kg of A, third time topdresses, every 667m 2apply the fertile 1.2kg of A fertile 2.1kg, B; Topdress for 4th time, every 667m 2apply the fertile 3.5kg of B; Topdress for 5th time, every 667m 2apply the fertile 3.5kg of B; Topdress for 6th time, every 667m 2apply the fertile 3.5kg of B; Topdress for 7th time, every 667m 2apply the fertile 3.5kg of A; Topdress for 8th time, every 667m 2apply the fertile 3.5kg of B; Topdress 10-15 days of being separated by every turn.
In described strawberry patterned culture technique, described biological organic fertilizer is made up of the component of following parts by weight:
Manioc waste 70 parts, dry branches and fallen leaves 35 parts, bone meal 35 parts, peanut press pulp 35 parts, peat soil 35 parts and biological bacteria leavening 0.8 part.
In described strawberry patterned culture technique, the preparation method of described biological organic fertilizer is:
Be the manioc waste of 70 parts by parts by weight, fully mix thoroughly after the mixing of the biological bacteria leavening of the dry branches and fallen leaves of 35 parts, the bone meal of 35 parts, the peanut press pulp of 35 parts, the peat soil of 35 parts and 0.8 part, pile up rear covered rearing with plastic film, spontaneous fermentation 40 days, obtains described biological organic fertilizer.
In described strawberry patterned culture technique, also comprise:
The selection of D, kind, selects sweet Charlie as cultivated strawberry kind;
The selection of E, Miao Yuan, selects imported from America detoxic seedling original seed, and the healthy seedling that northern high latitude high altitude localities is bred;
F, composite fertilizer of spreading manuer in holes, after field planting 20 days, the Stanley composite fertilizer 20g of the N P and K 17-17-17 that often spreads manuer in holes, in composite fertilizer, nitrogen element content was 17%, and phosphorus element content is 17%, and Determination of Potassium is 17%.
In described strawberry patterned culture technique, also comprise:
G, seedling conservative management
When a, field planting, sunshade net is laid on seedling ground;
After b, field planting in 7 days, sooner or later drip, keep soil moisture content to be 100%;
After c, field planting 10 days, during second young leaves pumping, remove sunshade net in time, shine ground, furrow face soil is shone to dripping after turning white permeable, then shine ground, 2-3 time repeatedly;
After d, field planting 27 days, laying plastic when plant starts sporadicly to bloom;
E, annual December 15 lid horticultural covering film carry out rain cover insulation.
In described strawberry patterned culture technique, also comprise:
H, anti-worm of curing the disease
After f, field planting 10 days, during 1-2 sheet young leaves pumping, spray the safe 10000 times of liquid of 25% Acker and each 1-2 time of 5% Acetamiprid, 1200 times of liquid, within the 10m of field, spray the safe 10000 times of liquid of 25% Acker and 5% Acetamiprid, 1200 times of liquid do isolation strip, prevent and treat thrips;
After g, field planting 20 days, spray 1% abamectin emulsifiable concentrate, 1000 times of liquid control cabbage heart worms and prodenia litura;
H, from the 15th after field planting day, every 15 days, rotation sprayed 80% mancozeb, 1000 times of liquid and the pre-diseases prevention worm of 70% thiophanate methyl, 1000 times of liquid, continuous 5-6 time, and cleaning ageing leaves and sick leaf decayed fruit in time;
I, to pluck in time
Pluck in Second Year late March.
Embodiment 6
A kind of strawberry patterned culture technique, comprising:
A, rational close planting, select to have 5 compound leaves, root shin diameter, the seedling of more than 0.6cm, is 110cm by line-spacing, and spacing in the rows is the plantation of 24cm duplicate rows, every 667m 2plant 5250 strains;
B, optimum period, plant, at the beginning of annual 10 months, carry out field planting;
C, quantified fertilizer application
1) base manure is applied, every 667m 2apply the fertilizer 1150kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed, fused calcium magnesium phosphate 100kg, lime 50kg, dry powder 32kg, chitin 100kg and biological organic fertilizer 180kg;
2) topdress, select water miscible A fertilizer and the fertile rotation of B to use, wherein A fertilizer is 20-20-20+TE, and wherein nitrogen element content is 20%, and phosphorus element content is 20%, and Determination of Potassium is 20%, TE is trace element; B fertilizer is 15-10-30+TE, and wherein nitrogen element content is 15%, and phosphorus element content is 10%, and Determination of Potassium is 30%, TE is trace element; After field planting 15 days, first time topdressed, every 667m 2apply the fertile 1.0kg of A; Second time is topdressed, every 667m 2apply the fertile 1.8kg of A, third time topdresses, every 667m 2apply the fertile 1.0kg of A fertile 1.8kg, B; Topdress for 4th time, every 667m 2apply the fertile 3.0kg of B; Topdress for 5th time, every 667m 2apply the fertile 3.0kg of B; Topdress for 6th time, every 667m 2apply the fertile 3.0kg of B; Topdress for 7th time, every 667m 2apply the fertile 3.0kg of A; Topdress for 8th time, every 667m 2apply the fertile 3.0kg of B; Topdress at every turn and be separated by 12 days.
In described strawberry patterned culture technique, described biological organic fertilizer is made up of the component of following parts by weight:
Manioc waste 60 parts, dry branches and fallen leaves 30 parts, bone meal 30 parts, peanut press pulp 30 parts, peat soil 30 parts and biological bacteria leavening 0.6 part.
In described strawberry patterned culture technique, the preparation method of described biological organic fertilizer is:
Be the manioc waste of 60 parts by parts by weight, fully mix thoroughly after the mixing of the biological bacteria leavening of the dry branches and fallen leaves of 30 parts, the bone meal of 30 parts, the peanut press pulp of 30 parts, the peat soil of 30 parts and 0.6 part, pile up rear covered rearing with plastic film, spontaneous fermentation 35 days, obtains described biological organic fertilizer.
In described strawberry patterned culture technique, also comprise:
The selection of D, kind, selects sweet Charlie as cultivated strawberry kind;
The selection of E, Miao Yuan, selects imported from America detoxic seedling original seed, and the healthy seedling that northern high latitude high altitude localities is bred;
F, composite fertilizer of spreading manuer in holes, after field planting 20 days, the Stanley composite fertilizer 15-20g of the N P and K 17-17-17 that often spreads manuer in holes, in composite fertilizer, nitrogen element content was 17%, and phosphorus element content is 17%, and Determination of Potassium is 17%.
In described strawberry patterned culture technique, also comprise:
G, seedling conservative management
When a, field planting, sunshade net is laid on seedling ground;
After b, field planting in 7 days, sooner or later drip, keep soil moisture content to be 95%;
After c, field planting 8 days, during second young leaves pumping, remove sunshade net in time, shine ground, furrow face soil is shone to dripping after turning white permeable, then shine ground, 2-3 time repeatedly;
After d, field planting 25 days, laying plastic when plant starts sporadicly to bloom;
E, annual December 10 lid horticultural covering film carry out rain cover insulation.
In described strawberry patterned culture technique, also comprise:
H, anti-worm of curing the disease
After f, field planting 8 days, during 1-2 sheet young leaves pumping, spray the safe 9000 times of liquid of 25% Acker and each 1-2 time of 5% Acetamiprid, 1000 times of liquid, within the 10m of field, spray the safe 9000 times of liquid of 25% Acker and 5% Acetamiprid, 1000 times of liquid do isolation strip, prevent and treat thrips;
After g, field planting 17 days, spray 1% abamectin emulsifiable concentrate, 1000 times of liquid control cabbage heart worms and prodenia litura;
H, from the 15th after field planting day, every 15 days, rotation sprayed 80% mancozeb, 900 times of liquid and the pre-diseases prevention worm of 70% thiophanate methyl, 900 times of liquid, continuous 5-6 time, and cleaning ageing leaves and sick leaf decayed fruit in time;
I, to pluck in time.
Pluck February in Second Year.
Although embodiment of the present invention are open as above, but it is not restricted to listed in specification and embodiment utilization, it can be applied to various applicable the field of the invention completely, for those skilled in the art, can easily realize other amendment, therefore do not deviating under the universal that claim and equivalency range limit, the present invention is not limited to specific details and illustrates here and the embodiment described.

Claims (6)

1. a strawberry patterned culture technique, is characterized in that, comprising:
A, rational close planting, select to have 4-6 sheet compound leaf, root shin diameter, the seedling of more than 0.6cm, is 110cm by line-spacing, and spacing in the rows is the plantation of 23-25cm duplicate rows, every 667m 2plant 5000-5500 strain;
B, optimum period, plant, and carry out field planting to early October by the end of September in annual;
C, quantified fertilizer application
1) base manure is applied, every 667m 2apply the fertilizer 800-1500kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed, fused calcium magnesium phosphate 80-120kg, lime 40-60kg, dry powder 25-40kg, chitin 80-120kg and biological organic fertilizer 150-210kg;
2) topdress, select water miscible A fertilizer and the fertile rotation of B to use, wherein A fertilizer is 20-20-20+TE, B fertilizer is 15-10-30+TE; After field planting 15 days, first time topdressed, every 667m 2apply the fertile 0.8-1.2kg of A; Second time is topdressed, every 667m 2apply the fertile 1.5-2.1kg of A, third time topdresses, every 667m 2apply the fertile 0.8-1.2kg of A fertile 1.5-2.1kg, B; Topdress for 4th time, every 667m 2apply the fertile 2.5-3.5kg of B; Topdress for 5th time, every 667m 2apply the fertile 2.5-3.5kg of B; Topdress for 6th time, every 667m 2apply the fertile 2.5-3.5kg of B; Topdress for 7th time, every 667m 2apply the fertile 2.5-3.5kg of A; Topdress for 8th time, every 667m 2apply the fertile 2.5-3.5kg of B; Topdress 10-15 days of being separated by every turn.
2. strawberry patterned culture technique as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described biological organic fertilizer is made up of the component of following parts by weight:
Manioc waste 50-70 part, dry branches and fallen leaves 25-35 part, bone meal 25-35 part, peanut press pulp 25-35 part, peat soil 25-35 part and biological bacteria leavening 0.5-0.8 part.
3. strawberry patterned culture technique as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, the preparation method of described biological organic fertilizer is:
Be the manioc waste of 50-70 part by parts by weight, fully mix thoroughly after the biological bacteria leavening mixing of the dry branches and fallen leaves of 25-35 part, the bone meal of 25-35 part, the peanut press pulp of 25-35 part, the peat soil of 25-35 part and 0.5-0.8 part, pile up rear covered rearing with plastic film, spontaneous fermentation 30-40 days, obtains described biological organic fertilizer.
4. strawberry patterned culture technique as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that, also comprise:
The selection of D, kind, selects sweet Charlie as cultivated strawberry kind;
The selection of E, Miao Yuan, selects imported from America detoxic seedling original seed, and the healthy seedling that northern high latitude high altitude localities is bred;
F, composite fertilizer of spreading manuer in holes, after field planting 20 days, the Stanley composite fertilizer 15-20g of the N P and K 17-17-17 that often spreads manuer in holes.
5. strawberry patterned culture technique as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that, also comprise:
G, seedling conservative management
When a, field planting, sunshade net is laid on seedling ground;
After b, field planting in 7 days, sooner or later drip, maintenance soil moisture content is 90-100%;
7-10 days after c, field planting, removes sunshade net during second young leaves pumping in time, shines ground, furrow face soil is shone to dripping after turning white permeable, then shines ground, 2-3 time repeatedly;
22-27 days after d, field planting, laying plastic when plant starts sporadicly to bloom;
E, annual-15 days on the 5th December lid horticultural covering film carry out rain cover insulation.
6. strawberry patterned culture technique as claimed in claim 5, is characterized in that, also comprise:
H, anti-worm of curing the disease
7-10 days after f, field planting, during 1-2 sheet young leaves pumping, spray the safe 8000-10000 times of liquid of 25% Acker and each 1-2 time of 5% Acetamiprid 800-1200 times liquid, and within the 10m of field, spray the safe 8000-10000 times of liquid of 25% Acker and 5% Acetamiprid 800-1200 times liquid does isolation strip, prevent and treat thrips;
15-20 days after g, field planting, sprays 1% abamectin emulsifiable concentrate, 1000 times of liquid control cabbage heart worms and prodenia litura;
H, from the 15th after field planting day, every 15 days, rotation sprayed 80% mancozeb 800-1000 times liquid and the pre-diseases prevention worm of 70% thiophanate methyl 800-1000 times liquid, continuous 5-6 time, and cleaning ageing leaves and sick leaf decayed fruit in time;
I, to pluck in time
In annual late November-Second Year late March plucks.
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