CN104833207B - A kind of eccentric sliding ring type rotary kiln direct temperature measurement device - Google Patents

A kind of eccentric sliding ring type rotary kiln direct temperature measurement device Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104833207B
CN104833207B CN201510232628.9A CN201510232628A CN104833207B CN 104833207 B CN104833207 B CN 104833207B CN 201510232628 A CN201510232628 A CN 201510232628A CN 104833207 B CN104833207 B CN 104833207B
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rotary kiln
thermocouple
thermometric
keeper
galvanic couple
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CN104833207A (en
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周浩宇
邱立运
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Zhongye Changtian International Engineering Co Ltd
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Zhongye Changtian International Engineering Co Ltd
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Abstract

The present invention relates to rotary kiln thermometry field, it is provided that a kind of eccentric sliding ring type rotary kiln direct temperature measurement device, including slip ring unit, thermocouple be arranged on the telescopic pipe outside described thermocouple;Slip ring unit includes being eccentrically set on the fixing circular orbit of rotary kiln outer ring, and is positioned on circular orbit and can galvanic couple keeper that annularly track moves in a circle;Galvanic couple keeper connects the first end of thermocouple, and the second end of thermocouple stretches in the thermometric through hole offered on rotary kiln sidewall;Telescopic pipe is connected with galvanic couple keeper and/or thermocouple, and can be along thermometric through hole axially-movable;The thermometric pore for realizing thermocouple temperature measurement is offered on telescopic pipe;Telescopic pipe or galvanic couple keeper are connected with rotary kiln, and telescopic pipe, galvanic couple keeper and thermocouple are all rotated with rotary kiln.The material entered in thermometric through hole can be purged by this device automatically, it is to avoid material tumor blocking thermometric through hole, thus ensures service life and the temperature measurement accuracy of thermocouple.

Description

A kind of eccentric sliding ring type rotary kiln direct temperature measurement device
Technical field
The present invention relates to rotary kiln thermometry field, particularly relate to a kind of eccentric sliding ring type revolution Kiln direct temperature measurement device.
Background technology
Rotary kiln is widely used in each big industry, such as at building materials, metallurgy, chemical industry, ring In many production industries such as guarantor, rotary kiln is used to solid material is carried out machinery, physics or change Process.Specifically: first, in having normal complexion iron and steel industry, ferrum, aluminum, copper, zinc, stannum, The metals such as nickel, tungsten, chromium, file are with rotary kiln as smelting equipment, to Ore, concentrate, intermedium Etc. being sintered, roasting.Wherein, with rotary kiln, Aluminium hydroxide roasting is become oxidation during aluminum produces Aluminum;Ironmaking produces the pellet for blast furnace ironmaking with rotary kiln;External SL/RN method, Iron ore is reduced directly by Krupp method rotary kiln;Chloridizing volatilization roasting method uses revolution Kiln extracts stannum and lead etc..Additionally, in ore dressing process, lean iron mine is carried out Roasting with rotary kiln Burning, the weak magnetic making Ore original is changed into ferromagnetism, is beneficial to magnetic separation.Finally, chemistry work In industry, produce soda with rotary kiln, be calcined phosphate fertilizer, barium sulfide etc..
All the time, measuring with control of kiln temperature is all the difficulty that insider pays close attention to How topic, accurately measure out and produce temperature in real time in rotary kiln, thus it is raw to control each technique Producing parameter makes it keep optimal state, directly affects rotary kiln energy consumption index and product quality The height of index.And for the rotary kiln used in various processes, its thermometric is paid close attention to Object is the most different, and the high temperature that such as garbage incinerating kiln is dependent in material when producing makes thing Material burning completely, thus reaches the effect burned, so more paying close attention to temperature of charge;And aoxidize ball Group's rotary kiln is dependent on kiln atmosphere and carries out material roasting with temperature flue gas when producing, so more Pay close attention to atmosphere temperature.
Tradition rotary kiln temp measuring method is divided into direct temperature measurement and the indirect big class of thermometric two.
When using rotary kiln direct temperature measurement method, refer to Fig. 1: at rotary kiln kiln shell 1 and fire-resistant Offer thermometric through hole on liner 2 correspondence position, then by securing member 3, thermocouple 4 is installed on Outside thermometric through hole, in the even head of thermocouple 4 is stretched into thermometric through hole and with kiln inwall, keep less Distance.When producing, the high-temperature flue gas in rotary kiln enters in thermometric through hole, high-temperature flue gas quilt Thermocouple 4 sensing catches, and then measures the temperature value within rotary kiln and be sent to Central Control Room Instructing manufacture.
Rotary kiln direct temperature measurement method has the drawback that: easily enter high temperature in thermometric through hole Granular material, the material of semi-molten state easily adheres to, and once would become hard in access aperture pour out, Accumulate over a long period and will form material tumor blocking thermometric through hole, thus temperature measurement accuracy is greatly reduced.And such as Fruit takes to stretch into thermocouple 4 mode within rotary kiln, the most have more than is needed how long extension Thermocouple 4 will be worn and torn by material, loses thermometric ability.
When using rotary kiln Indirect Temperature Measurement, refer to the even head of Fig. 2 and Fig. 3: thermocouple 4 Without directly contacting with high-temperature flue gas in stretching into rotary kiln, only need to be by scanner support foot rest 6 The method of fixing noctovisor scan instrument 5, or thermocouple 4 embedded type method, return when producing Rotary kiln kiln shell 1 or refractory lining 2 temperature measures, sets measured value input system In thermodynamic metering model, extrapolate rotary kiln internal temperature thus Instructing manufacture.
Rotary kiln Indirect Temperature Measurement has the drawback that: certainty of measurement is poor, response speed is slow, It is difficult to meet technological requirement, and easy peeling by ring formation or liner is affected.
Summary of the invention
(1) to solve the technical problem that
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is just to provide one and prevents from expecting that tumor blocking thermometric leads to Hole, thermocouple length in service life, temperature measurement accuracy is high and response speed is fast eccentric sliding ring type return Rotary kiln direct temperature measurement device, it is not peeled off by ring formation or liner is affected.
(2) technical scheme
In order to solve above-mentioned technical problem, the invention provides a kind of eccentric sliding ring type rotary kiln and use Direct temperature measurement device, including slip ring unit, thermocouple be arranged on the set outside described thermocouple Bobbin;Described slip ring unit includes the fixing circular orbit being eccentrically set on rotary kiln outer ring, And be positioned on described circular orbit and can determine along the galvanic couple that described circular orbit moves in a circle Position part;Described galvanic couple keeper connects the first end of thermocouple, and the second end of described thermocouple is stretched Enter in the thermometric through hole offered on rotary kiln sidewall;Described telescopic pipe and described galvanic couple keeper and / or the connection of described thermocouple, and can be along described thermometric through hole axially-movable;On described telescopic pipe Offer the thermometric pore for realizing described thermocouple temperature measurement;Described telescopic pipe or galvanic couple are fixed Position part is connected with described rotary kiln, and makes described telescopic pipe, galvanic couple keeper and thermocouple equal Rotate with described rotary kiln.
Preferably, between described galvanic couple keeper and described rotary kiln, elasticity is connected, and makes institute State galvanic couple keeper and rotate together along with described rotary kiln.
Preferably, on described rotary kiln sidewall thermometric through hole be provided around bearing member;Described Bearing member is connected with the first end of spring;Second end of described spring is with described galvanic couple keeper even Connect.
Preferably, it is connected between described telescopic pipe with described rotary kiln, and drives described galvanic couple fixed Position part and thermocouple rotate with described rotary kiln.
Preferably, on described rotary kiln sidewall thermometric through hole be provided around bearing member;Described Bearing member is connected with the first end of spring;Second end of described spring is connected with described telescopic pipe.
Preferably, the rotary kiln rotational positioning for monitoring described rotary kiln rotational angle is also included Unit.
Preferably, described rotary kiln rotational positioning unit includes limit switch, Contact plate and wireless Transmission chip;Described limit switch is fixed on described rotary kiln sidewall and with described rotary kiln one Rising and rotate, described Contact plate position is fixed;Described rotary kiln often rotates one week described limit switch Contact once with described Contact plate, and activation signal is sent to described by described limit switch Be wirelessly transferred chip, described in be wirelessly transferred chip and connect described by rotary kiln PLC signal box Tactile signal is sent to Central Control Room.
Preferably, described slip ring includes positioning track and lower positioning track;Described galvanic couple positions Part is connected between described upper positioning track and lower positioning track.
Preferably, described telescopic pipe is coaxially disposed with described thermocouple.
Preferably, described thermometric pore be positioned on described telescopic pipe near the rotary kiln heart one Hold, and described thermometric pore is square, circular or oval
(3) beneficial effect
Technical scheme has the advantage that the eccentric sliding ring type rotary kiln of the present invention is used Direct temperature measurement device, by arranging the slip ring eccentric with rotary kiln so that return outside rotary kiln In rotary kiln rotation process thermocouple and telescopic pipe in thermometric through hole along rotary kiln radial direction transport Dynamic, thus the material entered in thermometric through hole can be purged by telescopic pipe automatically, it is to avoid Material tumor blocking thermometric through hole, thus ensure service life and the temperature measurement accuracy of thermocouple.
In the preferred version of the present invention, by arranging the revolution monitoring described rotary kiln rotational angle Kiln rotational positioning unit, such that it is able to be distinguished into atmosphere by the kiln temperature data perfection recorded Temperature data and temperature of charge data.
In the another preferred version of the present invention, galvanic couple keeper and rotary kiln elasticity connect, and Telescopic pipe and thermocouple are all connected with galvanic couple keeper, thus ensure in rotary kiln rotation process, The rotation of thermocouple and telescopic pipe is drive based on galvanic couple keeper, thus thermocouple and sleeve The power interacted is not had, it is to avoid the loss of thermocouple between pipe.
Accompanying drawing explanation
In order to be illustrated more clearly that the embodiment of the present invention or technical scheme of the prior art, under The accompanying drawing used required in embodiment or description of the prior art will be briefly described by face, It should be evident that the accompanying drawing in describing below is only some embodiments of the present invention, for From the point of view of those of ordinary skill in the art, on the premise of not paying creative work, it is also possible to Other accompanying drawing is obtained according to these accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the rotary kiln direct temperature measurement device of prior art;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the rotary kiln infrared ray indirect temperature measuring device of prior art;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the rotary kiln thermocouple embedded type indirect temperature measuring device of prior art Figure;
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of the eccentric sliding ring type rotary kiln direct temperature measurement device of the present invention Figure;
Fig. 5 is the enlarged diagram in Fig. 4 at A;
Fig. 6 be in Fig. 5 B to schematic diagram;
Fig. 7 be in Fig. 5 C to schematic diagram;
In figure: 1, rotary kiln kiln shell;2, refractory lining;3, securing member;4, thermocouple; 5, noctovisor scan instrument;6, scanner support foot rest;7, slip ring;71, upper positioning track; 72, lower positioning track;73, galvanic couple keeper;8, telescopic pipe;81, thermometric pore;9、 Limit switch;10, Contact plate;11, bearing member;12, spring.
Detailed description of the invention
Make to retouch the most in detail to embodiments of the present invention with embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings State.Following example are used for illustrating the present invention, but can not be used for limiting the scope of the present invention.
In describing the invention, " " center ", " longitudinally ", " horizontal it should be noted that term To ", " on ", D score, "front", "rear", "left", "right", " vertically ", " level ", " top ", The orientation of the instruction such as " end ", " interior ", " outward " or position relationship be based on orientation shown in the drawings or Position relationship, is for only for ease of the description present invention and simplifies description rather than instruction or hint The device of indication or element must have specific orientation, with specific azimuth configuration and operation, Therefore it is not considered as limiting the invention.Additionally, term " first ", " second " are only used for Purpose is described, and it is not intended that indicate or hint relative importance.
The eccentric sliding ring type rotary kiln direct temperature measurement device of the present embodiment, including slip ring unit, Thermocouple 4 and be arranged on the telescopic pipe 8 outside described thermocouple 4.Described slip ring unit includes partially The heart is arranged on the fixing circular orbit of rotary kiln outer ring, and be positioned on described circular orbit and The galvanic couple keeper 73 that can move in a circle along described circular orbit.Described galvanic couple keeper 73 Connecting the first end of thermocouple 4, the second end of described thermocouple 4 stretches into and offers on rotary kiln sidewall Thermometric through hole in.When galvanic couple keeper 73 moves on circular orbit, it drives thermocouple Along thermometric through hole axially-movable.
On this basis, described telescopic pipe 8 and described galvanic couple keeper 73 and/or described thermocouple 4 connect, and can be along described thermometric through hole axially-movable.Thus, in rotary kiln rotation process, Galvanic couple keeper 73 or thermocouple 4 drive telescopic pipe 8 along its axially-movable in thermometric through hole, And then the material of deposition in thermometric through hole is cleared up.Further, described telescopic pipe 8 is offered Having the thermometric pore 81 for realizing described thermocouple 4 thermometric, thermometric pore 81 is preferably placed at institute State the side near described thermocouple 4 second end on telescopic pipe 8, namely be positioned on described telescopic pipe One end near the rotary kiln heart.According to on-the-spot physical condition, the arrangement of thermometric pore 81, Arrange that quantity, shape all can do adaptive adjustment.When rotary kiln is for the production of pellet Time, the aperture of thermometric pore 81 is as the criterion with no more than pellet mean diameter.Wherein, thermometric is thin The shape in hole 81 can also is that square, oval etc..
In the present embodiment, preferably galvanic couple keeper 73 and rotary kiln connects, and positions based on galvanic couple again Part 73 and thermocouple 4 connect, and telescopic pipe 8 is connected with galvanic couple keeper 73 or thermocouple 4, because of This telescopic pipe 8, galvanic couple keeper 73 and thermocouple 4 all can rotate with rotary kiln.Again due to Circular orbit and rotary kiln eccentric setting, therefore in rotary kiln rotation process, telescopic pipe 8 is inevitable Along the axially-movable of thermometric through hole in thermometric through hole, thus automatically can carry out in thermometric through hole Cleaning, it is to avoid high-temperature material is piled up and caused material tumor and then blocking thermometric through hole.
Wherein, the connected mode of galvanic couple keeper 73 and rotary kiln refers to Fig. 5 and Fig. 6: revolution On kiln sidewall, thermometric through hole is provided around bearing member 11;Described bearing member 11 and spring 12 First end connects;Second end of described spring 12 is connected with described galvanic couple keeper 73.Along with electricity Even fixture rotates, and spring 12 can be stretched or compress.Certainly, galvanic couple keeper 73 with return Can also be attached by other feasible elastic connection way between rotary kiln.
It should be noted that situation about connecting except galvanic couple keeper 73 and rotary kiln in accompanying drawing with Outward, telescopic pipe 8, galvanic couple keeper can also be realized separately through telescopic pipe 8 and rotary kiln connection 73 and thermocouple 4 all rotate with described rotary kiln, thus in the effect of eccentric circular orbit Under, it is ensured that the material in thermometric through hole is cleared up by telescopic pipe 8.Specifically can also be in revolution On kiln sidewall, thermometric through hole is arranged around bearing member;Described bearing member connects with the first end of spring Connect;Second end of described spring is connected with described telescopic pipe.
In addition it is also possible on the basis of galvanic couple keeper 73 and rotary kiln connect, telescopic pipe 8 It is connected with between described rotary kiln, thus when rotary kiln rotates, drives telescopic pipe 8 to rotate together.
It should be noted that the company that above telescopic pipe 8, galvanic couple keeper 73 and rotary kiln connect Connect on the premise of pass ties up to meet and clear up the material in thermometric through hole, can random group Close.
Referring to Fig. 4, in the present embodiment, the center of circle of circular orbit and the center of circle of rotary kiln have one Fixed difference in height is also positioned on same longitudinal coordinate, thus causes the upper half-turn distance of circular orbit Rotary kiln kiln shell 1 is near, and lower branch distance rotary kiln kiln shell 1 is remote.When thermometric through hole drives galvanic couple fixed Position part 73 is when the upper half-turn of circular orbit moves, and galvanic couple keeper 73 is apart from rotary kiln kiln shell 1 Surface distance nearer;On the contrary, drive galvanic couple keeper 73 at circular orbit when thermometric through hole Lower branch motion time, galvanic couple keeper 73 apart from rotary kiln kiln shell 1 surface distance farther out.
As long as buildup in thermometric through hole being carried out automatically it should be noted that telescopic pipe 8 can be realized The purpose removed, the position relationship between circular orbit and rotary kiln is not limited to shown in figure Situation.
In work process, when rotary kiln turns to the pericenter of slip ring unit, galvanic couple keeper 73 Distance rotary kiln kiln shell 1 recently, thus stretches into driving telescopic pipe 8 and thermocouple 4 depth capacity Inside thermometric through hole, the material piled up a upper circle in thermometric through hole carries out pushing cleaning;With Time, flue gas in kiln can be imported telescopic pipe 8 by the thermometric pore 81 being simultaneously opened in telescopic pipe 8 end In, thus ensure that flue-gas temperature in kiln is measured value by thermocouple 4 accurately.Work as revolution When kiln turns to the apocenter of slip ring unit, now galvanic couple keeper 73 is from rotary kiln kiln shell 1 Far, thus stretch into inside thermometric through hole, now due to material with driving telescopic pipe 8 minimum-depth Can enter in thermometric through hole, thus material with the ends contact of telescopic pipe 8, and can pass through thermometric Pore 81 contacts with thermocouple 4, therefore thermocouple 4 measurement is not flue-gas temperature in kiln, but enters Enter the temperature of charge in thermometric through hole.Wherein it should be noted that described " pericenter ", " apocenter " refers respectively on circular orbit from rotary kiln kiln shell 1 recently and point furthest.
In the present embodiment, slip ring 7 includes two upper positioning tracks 71 and two lower positioning tracks 72, Galvanic couple keeper 73 is connected between positioning track 71 and lower positioning track 72, refers to Fig. 7. Furthermore it is preferred that but necessarily telescopic pipe 8 be coaxially disposed with described thermocouple 4.
The eccentric sliding ring type rotary kiln direct temperature measurement device of the present embodiment also includes for monitoring The rotary kiln rotational positioning unit of described rotary kiln rotational angle, such that it is able to the revolution that will record Kiln temperature degrees of data perfection is distinguished into atmosphere temperature data and temperature of charge data.
Wherein, rotary kiln rotational positioning unit includes limit switch 9, Contact plate 10 and wireless biography Defeated chip;Described limit switch 9 is fixed on described rotary kiln sidewall and with described rotary kiln one Rising and rotate, described Contact plate 10 position is fixed;Described rotary kiln often rotates one week and described spacing opens Close 9 to contact once with described Contact plate 10, and by described limit switch 9, activation signal is sent Be wirelessly transferred chip described in giving, described in be wirelessly transferred chip by rotary kiln PLC signal box will Described activation signal is sent to Central Control Room.
In the present embodiment, in 90 degree of angles between the radius at limit switch 9 and thermometric through hole place. Radius therein refers to the radius on rotary structure.Position from Fig. 4 starts to revolution Kiln rotates clockwise half-turn, is considered as the atmosphere thermometric time period during being somebody's turn to do, the temperature recorded Value is included in atmosphere temperature data base automatically.When remaining half-turn is considered as then material thermometric Between section, the temperature value recorded is included in temperature of charge data base automatically.Therefore by installing spacing opening Close the mode of 9 and Contact plate 10, when limit switch 9 turns to Contact plate 10 position when, this Time system think rotary kiln enter the atmosphere thermometric time period, start to gather thermocouple 4 measured temperature Value is included in atmosphere temperature data and starts self-clocking, needed for the time exceedes rotary kiln half-turn After time, system thinks that rotary kiln enters the material thermometric time period, starts to gather thermocouple 4 institute Thermometric angle value is included in temperature of charge data.
Wherein it should be noted that angle between the radius at limit switch 9 and thermometric through hole place Spending unimportant, 90 degree of above-mentioned offer are one and represent numeral, as long as it practice, reaching When limit switch 9 touches plate 10, this time, thermometric through hole just moved on to material in kiln Above, initially enter atmosphere temperature collection time period, reach this effect, it may be possible to 90 Degree, it is also possible to 110 degree, it is also possible to 60 degree, with the highest material when producing of the material in kiln There is relation in face.
Owing to for direct temperature measurement device, therefore the eccentric sliding ring type rotary kiln of the present embodiment is with directly The test of kiln temperature is not peeled off by temperature measuring equipment by ring formation or liner to be affected.Basis at this On, this temperature measuring equipment effectively compensate for that the temperature measurement accuracy existing for prior art is poor, device lifetime The defect such as low so that rotary kiln is during rotating a circle, and temperature measuring equipment can be automatically obtained heat The protection of galvanic couple 4 and value, greatly extend thermoelectricity on the premise of ensure that temperature measurement accuracy In the life-span of even 4, there is the highest market using value.
Embodiment of above is merely to illustrate the present invention, rather than limitation of the present invention.Although ginseng Being described in detail the present invention according to embodiment, those of ordinary skill in the art should manage Solve, technical scheme is carried out various combination, amendment or equivalent, does not takes off From the spirit and scope of technical solution of the present invention, all should contain in scope of the presently claimed invention In the middle of.

Claims (10)

1. an eccentric sliding ring type rotary kiln direct temperature measurement device, it is characterised in that include Slip ring unit, thermocouple and be arranged on the telescopic pipe outside described thermocouple;Described slip ring unit Including being eccentrically set on the fixing circular orbit of rotary kiln outer ring, and it is positioned at described circular rails On road and the galvanic couple keeper that can move in a circle along described circular orbit;Described galvanic couple keeper Connecting the first end of thermocouple, the second end of described thermocouple stretches into be offered on rotary kiln sidewall In thermometric through hole;Described telescopic pipe is connected with described galvanic couple keeper and/or described thermocouple, And can be along described thermometric through hole axially-movable;Offer on described telescopic pipe for realizing described heat The thermometric pore of galvanic couple thermometric;Described telescopic pipe or galvanic couple keeper are with described rotary kiln even Connect, and described telescopic pipe, galvanic couple keeper and thermocouple are all turned with described rotary kiln Dynamic.
Eccentric sliding ring type rotary kiln direct temperature measurement device the most according to claim 1, its Being characterised by, between described galvanic couple keeper and described rotary kiln, elasticity is connected, and makes described Galvanic couple keeper rotates together along with described rotary kiln.
Eccentric sliding ring type rotary kiln direct temperature measurement device the most according to claim 2, its Being characterised by, on described rotary kiln sidewall, thermometric through hole is provided around bearing member;Described hold Power part is connected with the first end of spring;Second end of described spring is with described galvanic couple keeper even Connect.
Eccentric sliding ring type rotary kiln direct temperature measurement device the most according to claim 1, its It is characterised by, is connected between described telescopic pipe with described rotary kiln, and drive described galvanic couple to position Part and thermocouple rotate with described rotary kiln.
Eccentric sliding ring type rotary kiln direct temperature measurement device the most according to claim 4, its Being characterised by, on described rotary kiln sidewall, thermometric through hole is provided around bearing member;Described hold Power part is connected with the first end of spring;Second end of described spring is connected with described telescopic pipe.
Eccentric sliding ring type rotary kiln direct temperature measurement device the most according to claim 1, its It is characterised by, also includes the rotary kiln rotational positioning list for monitoring described rotary kiln rotational angle Unit.
Eccentric sliding ring type rotary kiln direct temperature measurement device the most according to claim 6, its Being characterised by, described rotary kiln rotational positioning unit includes limit switch, Contact plate and wireless biography Defeated chip;Described limit switch is fixed on described rotary kiln sidewall and with described rotary kiln Rotating, described Contact plate position is fixed;Described rotary kiln often rotate one week described limit switch with Described Contact plate contacts once, and by described limit switch, activation signal is sent to described nothing Line transmission chip, described in be wirelessly transferred chip by rotary kiln PLC signal box by described contact Signal is sent to Central Control Room.
Eccentric sliding ring type rotary kiln direct temperature measurement device the most according to claim 1, its Being characterised by, described slip ring includes positioning track and lower positioning track;Described galvanic couple keeper It is connected between described upper positioning track and lower positioning track.
Eccentric sliding ring type rotary kiln direct temperature measurement device the most according to claim 1, its Being characterised by, described telescopic pipe is coaxially disposed with described thermocouple.
Eccentric sliding ring type rotary kiln direct temperature measurement device the most according to claim 1, It is characterized in that, described thermometric pore is positioned on described telescopic pipe one near the rotary kiln heart Hold, and described thermometric pore is square, circular or oval.
CN201510232628.9A 2015-05-08 2015-05-08 A kind of eccentric sliding ring type rotary kiln direct temperature measurement device Active CN104833207B (en)

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