CN104833122A - Freezing apparatus - Google Patents
Freezing apparatus Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN104833122A CN104833122A CN201510060865.1A CN201510060865A CN104833122A CN 104833122 A CN104833122 A CN 104833122A CN 201510060865 A CN201510060865 A CN 201510060865A CN 104833122 A CN104833122 A CN 104833122A
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- cold
- producing medium
- throttle mechanism
- heat exchanger
- liquid reservoir
- Prior art date
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- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 title abstract 3
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 title abstract 3
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 121
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 162
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 148
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 claims description 24
- 230000004087 circulation Effects 0.000 claims description 22
- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 40
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 40
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 17
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 14
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 description 11
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 3
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004996 alkyl benzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000000481 breast Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000006837 decompression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006353 environmental stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010696 ester oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol Natural products OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 poly-alkyl glycol Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 230000001007 puffing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B1/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle
- F25B1/005—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle of the single unit type
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
- F25B41/30—Expansion means; Dispositions thereof
- F25B41/31—Expansion valves
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
- F25B41/30—Expansion means; Dispositions thereof
- F25B41/31—Expansion valves
- F25B41/34—Expansion valves with the valve member being actuated by electric means, e.g. by piezoelectric actuators
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
- Y02B30/70—Efficient control or regulation technologies, e.g. for control of refrigerant flow, motor or heating
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Devices That Are Associated With Refrigeration Equipment (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a freezing apparatus. When the high pressure side is up to a supercritical pressure, a refrigerant flows out of an air cooler is cooled by a refrigerant flows out of an evaporator. The freezing apparatus comprises a heat exchanger (29) that is set at the downstream side of the air cooler (28) and the upstream side of an electric expansion valve (33); a bypass circuit (60) that is connected in parallel to a serial loop of an electric expansion valve (39) and the evaporator (41); an electric expansion valve (65) that is set in the bypass circuit; and a control apparatus (57) that helps the refrigerant flowed out of the evaporator and sucked into a compressor (11) flow into a first path (29A) of a heat exchanger (29), and helps the refrigerant flowed from the air cooler into the electric expansion valve (33) flow into a second path (29B) of the heat exchanger (29). In this way, the refrigerant flows in the first path (29A) of the heat exchanger (29) is is used to cool the refrigerant in the second path (29B) of the heat exchanger (29).
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to and form refrigerant loop by compressing mechanism, gas cooler, main throttle mechanism and evaporimeter, and high-pressure side reaches the refrigerating plant of supercritical pressure.
Background technology
In the past, this kind of refrigerating plant forms freeze cycle by compressing mechanism, gas cooler, throttle mechanism etc., the cold-producing medium of compressed mechanism compression dispels the heat in gas cooler, and after throttle mechanism decompression, in evaporimeter, make cold-producing medium evaporate, utilize the evaporation of cold-producing medium now to cool ambient air.In recent years, in this kind of refrigerating plant, because of natural environmental stress etc., do not re-use freon class cold-producing medium gradually.Therefore, just at application as the carbon dioxide of natural refrigerant as the substitute of freon refrigerant.This carbon dioxide coolant known is the cold-producing medium that just pressure reduction is violent, and critical pressure is low, and by compression, the high-pressure side of refrigerant circulation can reach supercriticality (such as with reference to patent document 1).
In addition, in the heat pump assembly forming water heater, use the carbon dioxide coolant obtaining excellent heat effect by gas cooler just gradually, in the case, also develop following proposal, that is: make the cold-producing medium flowed out from gas cooler divide double expansion, gas-liquid separator is set between each expansion gear, thus gas injection (such as with reference to patent document 2) can be carried out to compressor.
On the other hand, the refrigerating plant coming in cooling cabinet for utilizing heat-absorbing action in the evaporimeter be arranged in such as showcase etc., under the condition that the refrigerant temperature of the gas cooler outlet because of outside air temperature (heat source temperature of gas cooler side) high reason uprises, the ratio enthalpy change of evaporator inlet is large, therefore there is the problem that refrigerating capacity obviously declines.Now, if make the ejection pressure (high side pressure) of compressing mechanism rise in order to ensure refrigerating capacity, then compression power can be caused to increase and the coefficient of performance declines.
Therefore, the refrigerating plant of so-called separating cycle is proposed, it makes to become two bursts of flow of refrigerant through the refrigerant branches of gas cooler cooling, make one flow of refrigerant after shunting after auxiliary throttle mechanism throttling, flow into a path of separate heat exchanger and return the middle splenium of compressor (compressing mechanism), after another stream making another burst of flow of refrigerant flow into separate heat exchanger carries out heat exchange, flow into evaporimeter via main throttle mechanism.According to this kind of refrigerating plant, second refrigerant stream can be cooled by the first flow of refrigerant through puffing, reduce the specific enthalpy of evaporator inlet, thus refrigerating capacity (such as with reference to patent document 3) can be improved.
Prior art document
Patent document
Patent document 1: Japanese Patent Publication 7-18602 publication
Patent document 2: Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication 2007-178042 publication
Patent document 3: Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication 2011-133207 publication
Summary of the invention
The problem that invention will solve
As the additive method of specific enthalpy as above reducing evaporator inlet like that, consider to arrange heat exchanger in gas cooler outlet, make the on high-tension side cold-producing medium of eluting gas cooler flow into two streams of this heat exchanger respectively with the cold-producing medium of the low-pressure side flowing out evaporimeter, utilize the cold-producing medium of low-pressure side to cool on high-tension side cold-producing medium.
Also can carry out cold by the convection current cold-producing medium of becoming owner of throttle mechanism by the method, but there is following problems, namely outflow heat exchanger the temperature being inhaled into the cold-producing medium of the low-pressure side of compressor will rise, therefore with the rising of inlet temperature, the temperature of compressor inside can rise (temperature of the cold-producing medium of middle splenium and the temperature of ejection cold-producing medium rise), and the running efficiency of compressor will decline, and the danger causing damage can be produced.
The present invention completes to solve this technical problem in the past, its object is to solve reach in the refrigerating plant of supercritical pressure in high-pressure side, problem when utilizing the cold-producing medium flowing out evaporimeter to carry out cold to the cold-producing medium of eluting gas cooler.
The scheme of dealing with problems
Refrigerating plant of the present invention, refrigerant loop is formed by compressing mechanism, gas cooler, main throttle mechanism and evaporimeter, and high-pressure side reaches supercritical pressure, this refrigerating plant comprises: pressure adjusting throttle mechanism, is connected to gas cooler downstream and the refrigerant loop of main throttle mechanism upstream side; Liquid reservoir, is connected to this pressure adjusting restriction mechanism downstream side and the refrigerant loop of main throttle mechanism upstream side; Heat exchanger, is arranged on gas cooler downstream and in the refrigerant loop of pressure adjusting throttle mechanism upstream side; Major loop, arrives liquid reservoir from gas cooler through over-heat-exchanger and pressure adjusting throttle mechanism, makes cold-producing medium flow out from this liquid reservoir bottom and flow into main throttle mechanism; Subsidiary loop, makes the cold-producing medium in liquid reservoir return the middle splenium of compressing mechanism via auxiliary throttle mechanism; Bypass circulation, relative to main throttle mechanism and evaporimeter series loop and be connected in parallel; Bypass throttle mechanism, is arranged in this bypass circulation; And controlling organization, controlled pressure adjustment throttle mechanism, auxiliary throttle mechanism and bypass throttle mechanism, make flow out from evaporimeter and be inhaled into the first flow path of the cold-producing medium inflow heat exchanger of compressing mechanism, and, make to flow out and the second stream of the cold-producing medium inflow heat exchanger of feed pressure adjustment throttle mechanism from gas cooler, thus carried out cold by the cold-producing medium flowed in the first flow path of heat exchanger to the cold-producing medium flowed in the second stream of heat exchanger.
The refrigerating plant of scheme 2, it is in such scheme, and the inlet temperature being sucked into the cold-producing medium of the low-pressure side of compressing mechanism, by bypass throttle mechanism, is controlled the desired value for regulation by controlling organization.
The refrigerating plant of scheme 3, it is in above-mentioned each scheme, comprise and be arranged on liquid reservoir downstream and inner heat exchanger in the refrigerant loop of main throttle mechanism upstream side, make flow out from evaporimeter and flow to the first flow path of the cold-producing medium inflow inner heat exchanger of heat exchanger, make to flow out from liquid reservoir bottom and the cold-producing medium flowing to main throttle mechanism flows into the second stream of inner heat exchanger, thus carried out cold by the cold-producing medium flowed in the first flow path of inner heat exchanger to the cold-producing medium flowed in the second stream of inner heat exchanger.
The refrigerating plant of scheme 4, it is in above-mentioned each scheme, and the high side pressure of the refrigerant loop of this pressure adjusting throttle mechanism upstream side, by pressure adjusting throttle mechanism, controls to be the desired value specified by controlling organization.
The refrigerating plant of scheme 5, it is in above-mentioned each scheme, auxiliary throttle mechanism has the first subsidiary loop throttle mechanism, and subsidiary loop has to be made cold-producing medium flow out from liquid reservoir top and flows into the gas pipeline of the first subsidiary loop throttle mechanism, the Stress control of the cold-producing medium in liquid reservoir, by the first subsidiary loop throttle mechanism, is the desired value of regulation by controlling organization.
The refrigerating plant of scheme 6, it is in above-mentioned each scheme, auxiliary throttle mechanism has the second subsidiary loop throttle mechanism, and subsidiary loop has to be made cold-producing medium flow out from liquid reservoir bottom and flows into the fluid pipeline of the second subsidiary loop throttle mechanism, the ejection temperature being ejected to the cold-producing medium of gas cooler from compressing mechanism, by the second subsidiary loop throttle mechanism, is controlled the desired value for regulation by controlling organization.
The refrigerating plant of scheme 7, it is in above-mentioned each scheme, comprise and carry out air-cooled pressure fan to gas cooler, controlling organization controls the running of pressure fan, becomes the desired value of the regulation determined relative to outside air temperature with the temperature of the cold-producing medium making eluting gas cooler.
The refrigerating plant of scheme 8, it is in above-mentioned each scheme, uses carbon dioxide to be used as cold-producing medium.
The effect of invention
According to the present invention, refrigerating plant forms refrigerant loop by compressing mechanism, gas cooler, main throttle mechanism and evaporimeter, and high-pressure side reaches supercritical pressure, this refrigerating plant comprises: pressure adjusting throttle mechanism, is connected to gas cooler downstream and the refrigerant loop of main throttle mechanism upstream side; Liquid reservoir, is connected to this pressure adjusting restriction mechanism downstream side and the refrigerant loop of main throttle mechanism upstream side; Heat exchanger, is arranged on gas cooler downstream and in the refrigerant loop of pressure adjusting throttle mechanism upstream side; Major loop, arrives liquid reservoir from gas cooler through over-heat-exchanger and pressure adjusting throttle mechanism, makes cold-producing medium flow out from this liquid reservoir bottom and flow into main throttle mechanism; Subsidiary loop, makes the cold-producing medium in liquid reservoir return the middle splenium of compressing mechanism via auxiliary throttle mechanism; Bypass circulation, relative to main throttle mechanism and evaporimeter series loop and be connected in parallel; Bypass throttle mechanism, is arranged in this bypass circulation; And controlling organization, controlled pressure adjustment throttle mechanism, auxiliary throttle mechanism and bypass throttle mechanism, make flow out from evaporimeter and be inhaled into the first flow path of the cold-producing medium inflow heat exchanger of compressing mechanism, make to flow out and the second stream of the cold-producing medium inflow heat exchanger of feed pressure adjustment throttle mechanism from gas cooler, therefore, can carry out cold to the cold-producing medium flowed in the second stream of heat exchanger by the low side refrigerant flowed in the first flow path of heat exchanger, reduce the mass dryness fraction of the cold-producing medium that pressure adjusting exports with throttle mechanism.
The cold-producing medium flowed in the second stream of this heat exchanger enters liquid reservoir through pressure adjusting throttle mechanism, flow out from liquid reservoir bottom and flow into evaporimeter after main throttle mechanism throttling, therefore, it is possible to by the excessively cold specific enthalpy reducing evaporator inlet in heat exchanger, thus effectively can improve refrigerating capacity.
In addition, by expanding in pressure adjusting throttle mechanism, the part of cold-producing medium for liquefaction is evaporated in liquid reservoir, becomes the gaseous refrigerant that temperature declines, and remainingly becomes liquid refrigerant and is temporarily stored in bottom in liquid reservoir.Then, in this liquid reservoir, the liquid refrigerant of bottom is by main for inflow throttle mechanism, therefore, it is possible to make flow of refrigerant become owner of throttle mechanism under full liquid status, especially can realize the raising of the refrigerating capacity under the high refrigerated condition of evaporating temperature in evaporimeter.
And, also there is the effect utilizing liquid reservoir to carry out the variation of the circularly cooling dosage in absorption refrigeration agent loop, the effect that the error therefore also having refrigerant charge is also eliminated.
Especially, refrigerating plant of the present invention possesses series loop relative to main throttle mechanism and evaporimeter and the bypass circulation be connected in parallel and the bypass throttle mechanism be arranged in this bypass circulation, therefore such as scheme 2 is such, controlling organization makes cold-producing medium walk around main throttle mechanism and evaporimeter and the first flow path of inflow heat exchanger by bypass throttle mechanism, to evaporate wherein and be inhaled into the cold-producing medium of the low-pressure side of compressing mechanism inlet temperature control for regulation desired value, thus the rising of the inlet temperature of the cold-producing medium of compressing mechanism can be prevented, the decline of the running efficiency of compressing mechanism or the generation of damage are avoided in possible trouble.
And, as scheme 3, if be arranged on liquid reservoir downstream and the inner heat exchanger arranged in the refrigerant loop of main throttle mechanism upstream side, make flow out from evaporimeter and flow to the first flow path of the cold-producing medium inflow inner heat exchanger of heat exchanger, make to flow out from liquid reservoir bottom and the cold-producing medium flowing to main throttle mechanism flows into the second stream of inner heat exchanger, then can pass through the cold-producing medium of the low-pressure side flowed in the first flow path of inner heat exchanger, to from liquid reservoir flow out and the cold-producing medium flowed in the second stream of inner heat exchanger carried out cold, thus the reflation of the liquid refrigerant flowed out from liquid reservoir can be suppressed, realize the further raising of refrigerating capacity.
In addition, according to scheme 4, except above-mentioned each scheme, controlling organization is by pressure adjusting throttle mechanism, by the high side pressure of the refrigerant loop of this pressure adjusting throttle mechanism upstream side control be regulation desired value, therefore, it is possible to by from compressing mechanism ejection cold-producing medium high side pressure uprise and the running efficiency of compressing mechanism decline or cause the problem of damage to avoid in possible trouble to compressing mechanism.
In addition, according to scheme 5, except above-mentioned each scheme, auxiliary throttle mechanism has the first subsidiary loop throttle mechanism, and subsidiary loop has to be made cold-producing medium flow out from liquid reservoir top and flows into the gas pipeline of the first subsidiary loop throttle mechanism, the Stress control of the cold-producing medium in liquid reservoir is the desired value of regulation by the first subsidiary loop throttle mechanism by controlling organization, therefore, it is possible to the impact suppressing high side pressure to change by this first subsidiary loop throttle mechanism, thus the pressure of the cold-producing medium being transported to main throttle mechanism from liquid reservoir bottom can be controlled.
In addition, reduced the pressure of the cold-producing medium flowing into main throttle mechanism by the first subsidiary loop throttle mechanism, thus the pipe arrangement of compressive resistance can be used to be used as until the pipe arrangement of main throttle mechanism.Thereby, it is possible to realize the improvement of application property and construction cost.
Especially, by extracting the gas of low temperature out with throttle mechanism via the first subsidiary loop from liquid reservoir top, thus the pressure drop in liquid reservoir.Thus, in liquid reservoir, temperature declines, and therefore produces the condensation of cold-producing medium, thus can the cold-producing medium of storing liquid state in this liquid reservoir effectively.
In addition, according to scheme 6, except above-mentioned each scheme, auxiliary throttle mechanism has the second subsidiary loop throttle mechanism, and subsidiary loop has to be made cold-producing medium flow out from liquid reservoir bottom and flows into the fluid pipeline of the second subsidiary loop throttle mechanism, controlling organization is by the second subsidiary loop throttle mechanism, the ejection temperature being ejected to the cold-producing medium of gas cooler from compressing mechanism is controlled the desired value for regulation, therefore, it is possible to carry out so-called injection with cooled compressed mechanism to the middle splenium of compressing mechanism, thus the ejection temperature of the cold-producing medium from compressing mechanism is become too high problem avoid in possible trouble.
And, according to scheme 7, except above-mentioned each scheme, comprise and air-cooled pressure fan is carried out to gas cooler, controlling organization controls the running of pressure fan, become the desired value of the regulation determined relative to outside air temperature with the temperature of the cold-producing medium making eluting gas cooler, therefore can suppress unnecessary running gas cooler being carried out to air-cooled pressure fan, the temperature of the cold-producing medium that gas cooler can be exported again is maintained suitable value.On the other hand, high side pressure, as scheme 4, as long as controlled by pressure adjusting throttle mechanism, by these measures, can realize the protection of compressing mechanism and maintain stable running.
Particularly, when using carbon dioxide to be used as cold-producing medium as scheme 8, effectively can improve refrigerating capacity by above-mentioned each scheme, thus the raising of performance can be realized.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the refrigerant loop figure (embodiment 1) of the refrigerating plant being suitable for one embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is the P-h line chart of the refrigerant loop of the refrigerating plant of Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is the refrigerant loop figure (embodiment 2) of the refrigerating plant being suitable for another embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the P-h line chart of the refrigerant loop of the refrigerating plant of Fig. 3.
Label declaration
R refrigerating plant
1 refrigerant loop
3 refrigerator unit
4 showcases
8,9 refrigerant pipings
11 compressors
22 cold-producing mediums import pipe arrangement
In the middle of 26, pressure sucks pipe arrangement
28 gas coolers
29 heat exchangers
29A first flow path
29B second stream
32 gas cooler outlet pipe arrangements
33 electric expansion valves (pressure adjusting throttle mechanism)
36 liquid reservoirs
37 gas cooler outlet pipe arrangements
38 major loops
39 electric expansion valves (main throttle mechanism)
41 evaporimeters
42 gas pipelines
43 electric expansion valves (the first subsidiary loop throttle mechanism)
44 return pipe arrangement
46 fluid pipelines
47 electric expansion valves (the second subsidiary loop throttle mechanism)
48 subsidiary loops
57 control device (controlling organization)
60 bypass circulations
65 electric expansion valves (bypass throttle mechanism)
68 inner heat exchangers
68A first flow path
68B second stream
Detailed description of the invention
Below, with reference to accompanying drawing, embodiments of the present invention are described.
[embodiment 1]
(1) structure of refrigerating plant R
Fig. 1 is the refrigerant loop figure of the refrigerating plant R being suitable for one embodiment of the invention.One or more (only illustrating one in accompanying drawing) showcase 4 that refrigerating plant R in the present embodiment possesses the refrigerator unit 3 in equipment room being arranged on the shops such as supermarket etc. and is arranged in the sales field in shop, these refrigerator unit 3 export 6 and unit entrance 7 with showcase 4 via unit, linked by refrigerant piping (liquid pipe) 8 and refrigerant piping 9, thus form the refrigerant loop 1 of regulation.
The carbon dioxide (R744) that the refrigerant loop 1 of embodiment uses on high-tension side refrigerant pressure to reach more than its critical pressure (overcritical) is used as cold-producing medium.This carbon dioxide coolant is friendly to earth environment, and take into account the natural refrigerant of combustibility and toxicity etc.In addition, the oil as lubricating oil such as uses the existing oil such as mineral oil (mineral oil), alkylbenzene oil, ether oil, ester oil, PAG (poly-alkyl glycol).
Refrigerator unit 3 possesses the compressor 11 as compressing mechanism.In the present embodiment, compressor 11 is bosom die mould two stages of compression formula rotary compressor, comprise closed container 12 and rotation/compression mechanism section, this rotation/compression mechanism section comprise configuration be accommodated in this closed container 12 inside electric element (driving element) 13, by the rotation of this electric element 13 shaft-driven first (rudimentary side) rotary compression element (the first compressing member) 14 and second (senior side) rotary compression element (the second compressing member) 16.
First rotary compression element 14 of compressor 11 compresses the low pressure refrigerant that the low-pressure side from refrigerant loop 1 is sucked into compressor 11 via refrigerant piping 9, be ejected in closed container 12 after making it boost to middle pressure, second rotary compression element 16 sucks the cold-producing medium of the middle pressure compressed through the first rotary compression element 14 further, it compressed and makes it boost to high pressure, and spraying to the high-pressure side of refrigerant loop 1.Compressor 11 is compressors of Variable frequency type frequency, by changing the operating frequency of electric element 13, thus can control the rotating speed of the first rotary compression element 14 and the second rotary compression element 16.
In the side of the closed container 12 of compressor 11, be formed be communicated with the first rotary compression element 14 rudimentary side suction ports 17, to export 18 with the rudimentary side spray be communicated with in closed container 12, the senior side suction ports 19 that is communicated with the second rotary compression element 16 and senior side spray export 21.One end of cold-producing medium importing pipe arrangement 22 is connected to the rudimentary side suction ports 17 of compressor 11, and its other end is connected to refrigerant piping 9 in unit entrance 7.The rudimentary side suction ports 17 that this cold-producing medium importing pipe arrangement 22 connects is communicated with the low voltage section i.e. suction side of the first rotary compression element 14 of compressor 11.
Be ejected in closed container 12 after the refrigerant gas being inhaled into the low pressure (LP: be usually about 2.6MPa operating condition) of the suction side (low voltage section of compressor 11) of the first rotary compression element 14 from this rudimentary side suction ports 17 boosts to middle pressure (MP: be about 5.5MPa usually under operating condition) by this first rotary compression element 14.Thus, become middle pressure (MP) in closed container 12, it becomes the middle splenium of compressor 11.
Further, one end of middle pressure ejection pipe arrangement 23 is connected to the rudimentary side spray outlet 18 of the compressor 11 of the refrigerant gas ejection of the middle pressure in closed container 12, and its other end is connected to the entrance of charge air cooler 24.The cold-producing medium of this charge air cooler 24 to the middle pressure sprayed from the first rotary compression element 14 carries out air-cooled, one end that middle pressure sucks pipe arrangement 26 is connected to the outlet of this charge air cooler 24, and the other end of this centre pressure suction pipe arrangement 26 is connected to the senior side suction ports 19 of compressor 11.
From senior side suction ports 19 be sucked into the second rotary compression element 16 in the middle of the refrigerant gas of pressure (MP) carry out second level compression by this second rotary compression element 16 after become the refrigerant gas of HTHP (HP: be usually the supercritical pressure of about 9MPa operating condition).
Further, one end of high pressure ejection pipe arrangement 27 is connected to the senior side spray be communicated with the side, hyperbaric chamber of the second rotary compression element 16 of compressor 11 and exports 21, and its other end is connected to the entrance of gas cooler (radiator) 28.20 is be folded in the separator in this high pressure ejection pipe arrangement 27.Separator 20 makes the oil the cold-producing medium sprayed from compressor 11 be separated, and makes it return in the closed container 12 of compressor 11 via oily path 25A and motor-driven valve 25B.In addition, 55 is be folded in the check valve in the high pressure ejection pipe arrangement 27 in front of this separator 20, and separator 20 direction is forward.
The ejection cold-producing medium of gas cooler 28 to the high pressure sprayed from compressor 11 cools, and near gas cooler 28, is provided with and carries out air-cooled gas cooler pressure fan 31 to this gas cooler 28.In the present embodiment, gas cooler 28 and above-mentioned charge air cooler 24 are set up in parallel, and they are disposed in same wind path.
One end of gas cooler outlet pipe arrangement 32 is connected to the outlet of gas cooler 28, and the other end of this gas cooler outlet pipe arrangement 32 is connected to the entrance of the electric expansion valve 33 as pressure adjusting throttle mechanism.This electric expansion valve 33 expands to make it for carrying out throttling to the cold-producing medium flowed out from gas cooler 28, and carry out the adjustment of the high side pressure of the refrigerant loop 1 from electric expansion valve 33 to upstream side, its outlet is connected to the top of liquid reservoir 36 via liquid reservoir entrance pipe arrangement 34.
This liquid reservoir 36 is the volume (casing) in the space in inside with specified volume, and one end of liquid reservoir outlet pipe arrangement 37 is connected to its underpart, and the other end of this liquid reservoir outlet pipe arrangement 37 is connected with refrigerant piping 8 in unit outlet 6.In addition, in gas cooler outlet pipe arrangement 32, be folded with the second stream 29B of heat exchanger 29, the second stream 29B of this gas cooler outlet pipe arrangement 32, heat exchanger 29, electric expansion valve 33, liquid reservoir entrance pipe arrangement 34, liquid reservoir 36, liquid reservoir outlet pipe arrangement 37 form the major loop 38 in the present invention.
On the other hand, the showcase 4 be arranged in shop is connected to refrigerant piping 8 and 9.In showcase 4, be provided with the electric expansion valve 39 as main throttle mechanism and evaporimeter 41, be connected in turn between refrigerant piping 8 and refrigerant piping 9 and form series loop (electric expansion valve 39 is in refrigerant piping 8 side, and evaporimeter 41 is in refrigerant piping 9 side).In addition, be adjacent to evaporimeter 41 be provided with the not shown circulating cold air pressure fan of blowing to this evaporimeter 41.
Further, refrigerant piping 9 is described above, imports pipe arrangement 22 be connected to the rudimentary side suction ports 17 be communicated with the first rotary compression element 14 of compressor 11 via cold-producing medium.The first flow path 29A being folded with heat exchanger 29 in pipe arrangement 22 is imported at this cold-producing medium.And, from liquid reservoir outlet pipe arrangement 37 until the cold-producing medium of the first flow path 29A upstream side of heat exchanger 29 imports pipe arrangement 22, be connected with bypass circulation 60.This bypass circulation 60 is connected in parallel relative to electric expansion valve 39 and the series loop of evaporimeter 41, is provided with the electric expansion valve 65 as bypass throttle mechanism in bypass circulation 60.
On the other hand, one end of gas pipeline 42 is connected to the top of liquid reservoir 36, and the other end of this gas pipeline 42 is connected to the entrance of the electric expansion valve 43 as the first subsidiary loop throttle mechanism.Gas pipeline 42 makes gaseous refrigerant flow out from liquid reservoir 36 top and flow into electric expansion valve 43.The one end returning pipe arrangement 44 is connected to the outlet of this electric expansion valve 43.
In addition, on liquid reservoir outlet pipe arrangement 37, be connected with the one end of the fluid pipeline 46 be communicated with liquid reservoir 36 bottom via this liquid reservoir outlet pipe arrangement 37, the other end of this fluid pipeline 46 is communicated with the pipe arrangement 44 that returns in electric expansion valve 43 downstream.In addition, in this fluid pipeline 46, be folded with the electric expansion valve 47 as the second subsidiary loop throttle mechanism.These electric expansion valves 43 (the first subsidiary loop throttle mechanism) and electric expansion valve 47 (the second subsidiary loop throttle mechanism) form the auxiliary throttle mechanism in the application.In addition, fluid pipeline 46 makes liquid refrigerant flow out from liquid reservoir 36 bottom and flow into electric expansion valve 47.
And, the other end returning pipe arrangement 44 as the territory, middle nip be connected with the middle splenium of compressor 11 an example and press the midway sucking pipe arrangement 26 to be communicated with centre.Further, these return pipe arrangement 44, electric expansion valve 43, electric expansion valve 47, gas pipeline 42 and fluid pipeline 46 and form subsidiary loop 48 in the present invention.In addition, 70 be in the middle of being communicated with pressure suck that pipe arrangement 26 and cold-producing medium import pipe arrangement 22 be communicated with pipe arrangement, 75 is for opening with the magnetic valve alleviating starting load when compressor start.
According to this kind of structure, electric expansion valve 33 is positioned at the downstream of gas cooler 28 and the upstream side of electric expansion valve 39.In addition, liquid reservoir 36 is positioned at the downstream of electric expansion valve 33 and the upstream side of electric expansion valve 39.And heat exchanger 29 is positioned at the downstream of gas cooler 28 and the upstream side of electric expansion valve 33, by the above, form the refrigerant loop 1 of the refrigerating plant R in the present embodiment.
At this refrigerant loop 1, various sensor is installed everywhere.Namely, in the second stream 29B downstream of heat exchanger 29 and the gas cooler of electric expansion valve 33 upstream side outlet pipe arrangement 32 in, high pressure sensor 49 is installed, to detect the high side pressure HP (pressure between the senior side spray outlet 21 of compressor 11 and the entrance of electric expansion valve 33) of refrigerant loop 1.In addition, low pressure sensor 51 is installed, to detect the low-pressure lateral pressure LP (pressure between the outlet of electric expansion valve 39 and rudimentary side suction ports 17) of refrigerant loop 1 importing with cold-producing medium the connection pipe arrangement 70 (cold-producing medium of magnetic valve 75 imports pipe arrangement 22 side) that pipe arrangement 22 is communicated with.In addition, middle pressure sensor 52 is installed pressing to suck in connection pipe arrangement that pipe arrangement 26 is communicated with 70 (magnetic valve 75 in the middle of press sucks pipe arrangement 26 side) with centre, with the pressure detecting the territory, middle nip of refrigerant loop 1 namely in the middle of pressure MP (in closed container 12, charge air cooler 24, middle pressure of pressing suction pipe arrangement 26, senior side suction ports 19).
In addition, be provided with liquid reservoir pressure sensor 53 in gas pipeline 42, this liquid reservoir pressure sensor 53 detects the pressure TP in liquid reservoir 36.Pressure in this liquid reservoir 36 is and flows out refrigerator unit 3 and the pressure flowing into the cold-producing medium of electric expansion valve 39 via refrigerant piping 8.In addition, in gas cooler 28 downstream and the gas cooler of the second stream 29B upstream side of heat exchanger 29 outlet pipe arrangement 32 in, gas cooler exit temperature sensor 54 is installed, to detect the temperature IT of the cold-producing medium in the second stream 29B of eluting gas cooler 28 inflow heat exchanger 29.
In addition, in the second stream 29B downstream of heat exchanger 29 and the gas cooler of electric expansion valve 33 upstream side outlet pipe arrangement 32 in, electric expansion valve inlet temperature sensor 56 is installed, to detect the temperature OT of the cold-producing medium of the second stream 29B of outflow heat exchanger 29.In addition, in the air intake side of gas cooler 28, ambient air temperature sensor 61 is installed to detect outside air temperature AT.And, cold-producing medium in the downstream of the first flow path 29A of heat exchanger 29 and near rudimentary side suction ports 17 imports in pipe arrangement 22, refrigerator inlet temperature sensor 62 is installed, to detect the inlet temperature ST of the cold-producing medium of the low-pressure side be sucked in the first rotary compression element 14 of compressor 11.In addition, in high pressure ejection pipe arrangement 27, ejection temperature sensor 67 is installed, to detect the ejection temperature DT being ejected to the cold-producing medium of gas cooler 28 from compressor 11.
In addition, 63 is be installed in middle middle pressure inlet temperature sensor of pressing in suction pipe arrangement 26, detects the temperature of the middle cold-producing medium of pressing be sucked in senior side suction ports 19.In addition, 64 is the liquid reservoir outlet temperature sensors being connected to liquid reservoir outlet pipe arrangement 37, detects the temperature of the liquid refrigerant flowed out from the bottom of liquid reservoir 36.And 66 are mounted in the refrigerator outlet temperature sensor in the liquid reservoir outlet pipe arrangement 37 in front of unit outlet 6, detect the temperature of the cold-producing medium flowing out to refrigerant piping 8 from refrigerator unit 3.
Further, these sensors 49,51,52,53,54,56,61,62,63,64,66,67 are connected to the input of the control device 57 of controlling organization that comprise microcomputer, that form refrigerator unit 3.In addition, at the output of control device 57, be connected with the electric element 13 of compressor 11, pressure fan 31, electric expansion valve (pressure adjusting throttle mechanism) 33, electric expansion valve (the first subsidiary loop throttle mechanism) 43, electric expansion valve (the second subsidiary loop throttle mechanism) 47, electric expansion valve 65 (bypass throttle mechanism), motor-driven valve 25B, electric expansion valve (main throttle mechanism) 39, control device 57 controls these parts based on the output and setting data etc. of each sensor.
In addition, in explanation below, suppose that electric expansion valve (main throttle mechanism) 39 and the aforesaid circulating cold air pressure fan of showcase 4 side are also controlled by control device 57, but they are actually via the main control unit (not shown) in shop and are controlled by the control device (not shown) of showcase 4 side with control device 57 co-operating.Thus, the controlling organization in the present invention is the concept of the control device, aforesaid main control unit etc. comprising control device 57 and showcase 4 side.
(2) action of refrigerating plant R
Based on above structure, next the action of refrigerating plant R is described.When being driven the electric element 13 of compressor 11 by control device 57, first rotary compression element 14 and the second rotary compression element 16 rotate, and suck the refrigerant gas of low pressure (aforesaid LP: be about 2.6MPa usually operating condition) from rudimentary side suction ports 17 to the suction side (low voltage section) of the first rotary compression element 14.Then, be ejected in closed container 12 after making it boost to middle pressure (aforesaid MP: be about 5.5MPa usually under operating condition) by the first rotary compression element 14.Thus, middle pressure (MP) (middle splenium) is become in closed container 12.
Then, in the middle of in closed container 12, the refrigerant gas of pressure enters charge air cooler 24 from rudimentary side spray outlet 18 through middle pressure ejection pipe arrangement 23, herein after air-cooled, sucks pipe arrangement 26 return senior side suction ports 19 through centre pressure.The refrigerant gas returning the middle pressure (MP) of this senior side suction ports 19 is inhaled into the second rotary compression element 16, become the refrigerant gas of HTHP (HP: be the supercritical pressure of about 9MPa under aforesaid usual operating condition) after carrying out second level compression by this second rotary compression element 16, and be ejected to high pressure ejection pipe arrangement 27 from senior side spray outlet 21.
(2-1) control of electric expansion valve 33
Be ejected to the refrigerant gas of high pressure ejection pipe arrangement 27 through check valve 55, separator 20 inflow gas cooler 28, herein after air-cooled, flow out from gas cooler outlet pipe arrangement 32.The refrigerant gas entering gas cooler outlet pipe arrangement 32 crossed as described later in the second stream 29B of heat exchanger 29 cold after, arrive electric expansion valve (pressure adjusting throttle mechanism) 33.This electric expansion valve 33 be in order to the refrigerant loop 1 by this electric expansion valve 33 upstream side high side pressure HP control for specify desired value THP (such as aforesaid 9MPa etc.) and arrange, based on the output of high pressure sensor 49, control (PID control) its aperture by control device 57, become above-mentioned desired value THP to make high side pressure HP.
This desired value THP is that the temperature of the cold-producing medium of the inflow electric expansion valve 33 detected based on electric expansion valve inlet temperature sensor 56 decides.Desired value THP is the appropriate value of the high side pressure HP corresponding to the temperature of the cold-producing medium flowing into electric expansion valve 33, and the temperature of cold-producing medium is higher, then desired value THP is higher.Like this, by electric expansion valve 33, the high side pressure HP of its upstream side is controlled for desired value THP, the high side pressure HP spraying cold-producing medium can be uprised thus and the running efficiency of compressor 11 declines, or make to cause the problem of damage to avoid in possible trouble to compressor 11 from compressor 11.
The refrigerant gas of supercriticality flowed out from gas cooler 28 such cold-producing medium by flowing through first flow path 29A and after cooling (excessively cold) as described later among the second stream 29B of heat exchanger 29, expand through electric expansion valve 33 throttling, thus liquefaction, and flowing in liquid reservoir 36 from top through liquid reservoir entrance pipe arrangement 34, thus part evaporation.This liquid reservoir 36 plays temporary transient storage, be separated the effect of the cold-producing medium of the liquid state/gaseous state flowing out electric expansion valve 33 and the effect of the variation of the pressure oscillation that absorbs because the action of electric expansion valve 39 causes or circulating mass of refrigerant.
The liquid refrigerant being stored in bottom in this liquid reservoir 36 flows out (major loop 38) from liquid reservoir outlet pipe arrangement 37, and flows out from refrigerator unit 3 and flow into electric expansion valve (main throttle mechanism) 39 from refrigerant piping 8.The cold-producing medium flowing into electric expansion valve 39 expands through throttling herein, thus liquid component increases further, and flows into evaporimeter 41 and evaporate.Cooling effect is played by the heat-absorbing action brought by it.Control device 57 is based on the output of not shown temperature sensor detecting the entrance side of evaporimeter 41 and the temperature of outlet side, and the aperture of control electric expansion valve 39 is to be adjusted to appropriate value by the degree of superheat of the cold-producing medium in evaporimeter 41.
Return refrigerator unit 3 from the gaseous refrigerant of the low temperature of evaporimeter 41 outflow from refrigerant piping 9, and flow into the first flow path 29A that cold-producing medium imports the heat exchanger 29 in pipe arrangement 22.After herein (excessively cold) being cooled to the on high-tension side cold-producing medium flowing through second road 29B, import pipe arrangement 22 further by cold-producing medium and be sucked into the rudimentary side suction ports 17 be communicated with the first rotary compression element 14 of compressor 11.It is more than the flowing of major loop 38.
(2-2) control of electric expansion valve 43
The flowing of following explanation subsidiary loop 48.As previously mentioned, on the gas pipeline 42 be connected with the top of liquid reservoir 36, be connected with electric expansion valve 43 (the first subsidiary loop throttle mechanism), gaseous refrigerant flows out from liquid reservoir 36 top via this electric expansion valve 43, and as described above through returning the middle splenium that pipe arrangement 44 returns compressor 11.
Be stored in gaseous refrigerant temperature decline because of the evaporation in liquid reservoir 36 of liquid reservoir 36 internal upper part.In addition, electric expansion valve 43 carries out except the function of throttling except the cold-producing medium flowed out the top from liquid reservoir 36, also plays the effect pressure (flowing into the pressure of the cold-producing medium of electric expansion valve 39) in liquid reservoir 36 being adjusted to the desired value SP of regulation.Further, control device 57 controls the aperture of electric expansion valve 43 based on the output of liquid reservoir pressure sensor 53.This is because if the aperture of electric expansion valve 43 increases, then the discharge from the gaseous refrigerant in liquid reservoir 36 increases, the pressure drop in liquid reservoir 36.
In an embodiment, this desired value SP is set to lower than high side pressure HP and higher than middle pressure MP such as 6MPa.And, the difference of the pressure TIP (flowing into the pressure of the cold-producing medium of electric expansion valve 39) in the liquid reservoir 36 that control device 57 detects according to liquid reservoir pressure sensor 53 and desired value SP, such as calculate the adjusted value (number of steps) of the aperture of electric expansion valve 39, and aperture when adding startup and the pressure TIP (flowing into the pressure of the cold-producing medium of electric expansion valve 39) in liquid reservoir 36 is controlled as desired value SP.Namely, pressure TIP in liquid reservoir 36 rises compared with desired value SP, the aperture of electric expansion valve 43 is increased to make gaseous refrigerant flow out to gas pipeline 42 in liquid reservoir 36, on the contrary, when declining compared with desired value SP, aperture is reduced with the direction controlling towards closedown.
By this electric expansion valve 43, the pressure TIP of the cold-producing medium in liquid reservoir 36 is controlled, for desired value SP, thereby, it is possible to suppress the influence of change of high side pressure HP, to control the pressure being transported to the cold-producing medium of electric expansion valve 39 from liquid reservoir 36 bottom.In addition, by reducing the pressure of the cold-producing medium flowing into electric expansion valve 39 by electric expansion valve 43, thus the low pipe arrangement of compressive resistance can be used to be used as refrigerant piping 8.And, by extracting the gas of low temperature out via electric expansion valve 43 from liquid reservoir 36 top, thus the pressure drop in liquid reservoir 36, temperature declines, therefore, it is possible to produce the condensation of cold-producing medium, thus can the cold-producing medium of storing liquid state in liquid reservoir 36 effectively.
(2-3) control of electric expansion valve 47
In addition, as previously mentioned, exporting on the fluid pipeline 46 that pipe arrangement 37 is connected with the liquid reservoir of liquid reservoir 36 bottom, be connected with electric expansion valve 47 (the second subsidiary loop throttle mechanism), the part of the liquid refrigerant flowed out from liquid reservoir 36 bottom via this electric expansion valve 47 is confluxed with the gaseous refrigerant from gas pipeline 42 returning pipe arrangement 44, and as described above through returning the middle splenium that pipe arrangement 44 returns compressor 11.
Namely, the liquid reservoir outlet pipe arrangement 37 that the liquid refrigerant being stored in bottom in liquid reservoir 36 flows into from being connected to bottom separates and forms the fluid pipeline 46 of subsidiary loop 48, after electric expansion valve 47 throttling, flow into the second rotary compression element 16 of compressor 11, and evaporate (injection) wherein.By heat-absorbing action now, the second rotary compression element 16 of compressor 11 is cooled.
Like this, electric expansion valve 47 carries out throttling to the liquid refrigerant that the bottom from liquid reservoir 36 is flowed out and returns compressor 11 to make it and evaporate, with cooling compressor 11, and control device 57 is by controlling the aperture of electric expansion valve 47, adjusts thus towards the ejector refrigeration dosage of compressor 11.
If increase towards the ejector refrigeration dosage of compressor 11, then the temperature of compressor 11 will decline, and the ejection temperature being ejected to the cold-producing medium of gas cooler 28 from compressor 11 also will decline.Now, the ejection temperature DT of the cold-producing medium that control device 57 detects based on ejection temperature sensor 67 controls the aperture of electric expansion valve 47, with the desired value making this ejection temperature DT become regulation, adjusts thus towards the amount of the ejector refrigeration agent of compressor 11.Thus, reach a high temperature with preventing the temperature anomaly of the ejection cold-producing medium sprayed from the second rotary compression element 16 of compressor 11.
(2-4) control of electric expansion valve 65
Next, the P-h line chart of reference Fig. 2 illustrates the control of control device 57 pairs of electric expansion valves 65.As previously mentioned, the cold-producing medium that bypass circulation 60 is connected to the first flow path 29A upstream side of heat exchanger 29 from liquid reservoir outlet pipe arrangement 37 imports pipe arrangement 22, and becomes in parallel relative to electric expansion valve 39 and the series loop of evaporimeter 41.
Therefore, when electric expansion valve 65 is open, the part of liquid refrigerant flowing out to liquid reservoir outlet pipe arrangement 37 from liquid reservoir 36 bottom is walked around (bypass) electric expansion valve 39 and evaporimeter 41 and flows into bypass circulation 60, after electric expansion valve 65 throttling, import through cold-producing medium the first flow path 29A that pipe arrangement 22 flows into direct heat exchanger 29.The cold-producing medium flowing into first flow path 29A evaporates wherein, and therefore temperature declines.Thus, the inlet temperature ST being inhaled into the cold-producing medium in compressor 11 will decline.
Here, utilize the cold-producing medium of the low-pressure side flowing out evaporimeter 41 to carry out cold on high-tension side cold-producing medium, thus, the inlet temperature being inhaled into the cold-producing medium of compressor 11 will rise.If this temperature rises excessive, then the temperature being inhaled into the cold-producing medium in the first rotary compression element 14 of compressor 11 will uprise, and the temperature of the cold-producing medium of pressure in the middle of the ejection of this first rotary compression element 14 can be caused thus also to uprise singularly.
Therefore, control device 57 controls the aperture of electric expansion valve 65 based on the inlet temperature ST flowing to the cold-producing medium of compressor 11 that refrigerator inlet temperature sensor 62 detects, to be controlled by this inlet temperature ST to be the desired value (such as+18 DEG C etc.) of regulation.By this control, reach a high temperature with preventing the ejection temperature anomaly of the cold-producing medium of the first rotary compression element 14 of compressor 11, realize the protection of compressor 11.
The part shown in X1 of the P-h line chart of Fig. 2 is the effect brought by this electric expansion valve 65, and the ejection temperature of the cold-producing medium of the first rotary compression element 14 is down to the state shown in solid line by the state shown in dotted line.In addition, the X2 in Fig. 2 is the excessively cold effect in heat exchanger 29, and the cold-producing medium of inflow electric expansion valve 33 is crossed by the state shown in solid line is chilled to the state shown in dotted line.
(2-5) the gas cooler control of pressure fan 31
Next, the control of control device 57 pairs of gas cooler pressure fan 31 is described.The temperature (temperature of the cold-producing medium of eluting gas cooler 28) of the cold-producing medium that the control device 57 of embodiment detects based on gas cooler exit temperature sensor 54 controls the rotating speed of gas cooler pressure fan 31, with the desired value making the temperature of this cold-producing medium become regulation.Now, control device 57 sets the desired value of the temperature of the cold-producing medium of eluting gas cooler 28 based on the outside air temperature AT that ambient air temperature sensor 61 detects.This desired value is the appropriate value of the temperature of the cold-producing medium (cold-producing medium of eluting gas cooler 28) corresponding to each outside air temperature and predetermine.
Like this, control device 57 controls the running (rotating speed) of gas cooler pressure fan 31, the desired value of the regulation determined relative to outside air temperature AT is become with the temperature of the cold-producing medium making eluting gas cooler 28, thus unnecessary running gas cooler 28 being carried out to air-cooled gas cooler pressure fan 31 can be suppressed, the temperature of the cold-producing medium that gas cooler 28 can be exported again is maintained suitable value.
On the other hand; control device 57 as previously mentioned; the electric expansion valve 33 of liquid reservoir 36 upstream side is utilized to be controlled to be desired value by high side pressure HP; therefore realize the protection of compressor 11 by the control of these electric expansion valves 33 couples of high side pressure HP and the control of gas cooler pressure fan 31 pairs of refrigerant temperatures (temperature of the cold-producing medium of eluting gas cooler 28), maintain stable running.
As described above, in the present invention, refrigerating plant R forms refrigerant loop 1 by compressor 11, gas cooler 28, electric expansion valve 39 and evaporimeter 41, and high-pressure side reaches supercritical pressure, this refrigerating plant R comprises: electric expansion valve 33, is connected to gas cooler 28 downstream and the refrigerant loop 1 of electric expansion valve 39 upstream side, liquid reservoir 36, is connected to this electric expansion valve 33 downstream and the refrigerant loop 1 of electric expansion valve 39 upstream side, heat exchanger 29, is arranged on gas cooler 28 downstream and the refrigerant loop 1 of electric expansion valve 33 upstream side, major loop 38, arrives liquid reservoir 36 from gas cooler 28 through over-heat-exchanger 29 and electric expansion valve 33, makes cold-producing medium flow out from this liquid reservoir 36 bottom and flow into electric expansion valve 39, subsidiary loop 48, makes the cold-producing medium in liquid reservoir 36 return the middle splenium of compressor 11 via electric expansion valve 43 or electric expansion valve 47, bypass circulation 60, relative to electric expansion valve 39 and evaporimeter 41 series loop and be connected in parallel, electric expansion valve 65, is arranged in this bypass circulation 60, and control device 57, control electric expansion valve 33, electric expansion valve 43, 47 and electric expansion valve 65, make flow out from evaporimeter 41 and be inhaled into the first flow path 29A of the cold-producing medium inflow heat exchanger 29 of compressor 11, make flow out from gas cooler 28 and flow into the second stream 29B of the cold-producing medium inflow heat exchanger 29 of electric expansion valve 33, therefore, it is possible to carried out cold by the cold-producing medium of the low-pressure side flowed in the first flow path 29A of heat exchanger 29 to the on high-tension side cold-producing medium flowed in the second stream 29B of heat exchanger 29, thus the mass dryness fraction of the cold-producing medium that electric expansion valve 33 exports can be reduced.
The cold-producing medium flowed in the second stream 29B of this heat exchanger 29 enters liquid reservoir 36 through electric expansion valve 33, flow out from liquid reservoir 36 bottom and flow into evaporimeter 41 after electric expansion valve 39 throttling, therefore excessively cold by heat exchanger 29, the mass dryness fraction of the cold-producing medium that electric expansion valve 33 exports diminishes, the liquid phase ratio being transported to the cold-producing medium of electric expansion valve 39 uprises, therefore, it is possible to effectively improve refrigerating capacity.
In addition, by expanding in electric expansion valve 33, the part of cold-producing medium for liquefaction is evaporated liquid reservoir 36 in, becomes the gaseous refrigerant of temperature decline, remainingly becomes liquid refrigerant and is temporarily stored in bottom in liquid reservoir 36.Then, in this liquid reservoir 36, the liquid refrigerant of bottom will flow into electric expansion valve 39, therefore, it is possible to make cold-producing medium flow into electric expansion valve 39 under full liquid status, the raising of the refrigerating capacity under the high refrigerated condition of evaporating temperature in evaporimeter 41 especially can be realized.And, also there is the effect utilizing liquid reservoir 36 to carry out the variation of the circularly cooling dosage in absorption refrigeration agent loop 1, the effect that the error therefore also having refrigerant charge is also eliminated.
Especially, possesses the series loop relative to electric expansion valve 39 and evaporimeter 41 and the bypass circulation 60 be connected in parallel and the electric expansion valve 65 be arranged in this bypass circulation 60, control device 57 makes cold-producing medium walk around electric expansion valve 39 and evaporimeter 41 and the first flow path 29A of inflow heat exchanger 29 by electric expansion valve 65, to evaporate wherein and be inhaled into the cold-producing medium of the low-pressure side of compressor 11 inlet temperature control for regulation desired value, therefore, the rising of the inlet temperature of the cold-producing medium of compressor 11 can be prevented, the decline of the running efficiency of compressor 11 or the generation of damage are avoided in possible trouble.
In addition, control device 57 is by electric expansion valve 33, by the high side pressure of the refrigerant loop 1 of this electric expansion valve 33 upstream side control for regulation desired value, therefore, it is possible to the high side pressure spraying cold-producing medium from compressor 11 is uprised and the running efficiency of compressor 11 decline or make to cause the problem of damage to avoid in possible trouble to compressor 11.
In addition, subsidiary loop 48 has electric expansion valve 43 and makes cold-producing medium flow out from liquid reservoir 36 top and flow into the gas pipeline 42 of electric expansion valve 43, control device 57 is by electric expansion valve 43, it is the desired value of regulation by the Stress control of the cold-producing medium in liquid reservoir 36, therefore by this electric expansion valve 43, the impact that high side pressure changes can be suppressed, thus the pressure being transported to the cold-producing medium of electric expansion valve 39 from liquid reservoir 36 bottom can be controlled.
In addition, reduced the pressure of the cold-producing medium flowing into electric expansion valve 39 by electric expansion valve 43, thus the low pipe arrangement of compressive resistance can be used to be used as until the refrigerant piping 8 of electric expansion valve 39.Thereby, it is possible to realize the improvement of application property and construction cost.Especially, by extracting the gas of low temperature out via electric expansion valve 43 from liquid reservoir 36 top, thus the pressure drop in liquid reservoir 36.Thus, in liquid reservoir 36, temperature declines, and therefore produces the condensation of cold-producing medium, thus can the cold-producing medium of storing liquid state in this liquid reservoir 36 effectively.
In addition, subsidiary loop 48 has electric expansion valve 47 and makes cold-producing medium flow out from liquid reservoir 36 bottom and flow into the fluid pipeline 46 of electric expansion valve 47, control device 57 is by electric expansion valve 47, the ejection temperature being ejected to the cold-producing medium of gas cooler 28 from compressor 11 is controlled the desired value for regulation, therefore, it is possible to spray the middle splenium of compressor 11 with cooling compressor 11, thus by compressor 11 and become too high problem from the ejection temperature of the cold-producing medium of compressor 11 and avoid in possible trouble.
And, possess and air-cooled gas cooler pressure fan 31 is carried out to gas cooler 28, control device 57 controls the running of gas cooler pressure fan 31, the desired value of the regulation determined relative to outside air temperature is become with the temperature of the cold-producing medium making eluting gas cooler 28, therefore can suppress unnecessary running gas cooler 28 being carried out to air-cooled gas cooler pressure fan 31, the temperature of the cold-producing medium that gas cooler 28 can be exported again is maintained appropriate value.On the other hand, as long as high side pressure is controlled by electric expansion valve 33, by these measures, the protection of compressor 11 can be realized and maintain stable running.
Especially, when using carbon dioxide as the embodiment, effectively can improve refrigerating capacity, realizing the raising of performance.
[embodiment 2]
Next, with reference to Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, another embodiment of the present invention is described.In addition, in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, the part marking label identical with Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 is identical or plays the part of said function.In case of the present embodiment, in the refrigerant loop 1 of Fig. 1, inner heat exchanger 68 is added.This inner heat exchanger 68 is arranged on liquid reservoir 36 downstream and in the refrigerant loop 1 of electric expansion valve 39 (main throttle mechanism) upstream side.
Inner heat exchanger 68 has first flow path 68A and the second stream 68B, first flow path 68A is folded in and cold-producing medium between the tie point of bypass circulation 60 and the first flow path 29A of heat exchanger 29 imports in pipe arrangement 22, the second stream 68B be folded in fluid pipeline 46 branch before liquid reservoir export in pipe arrangement 37.By this structure, by flowing out the cold-producing medium of evaporimeter 41 and the first flow path 68A flowed through through the cold-producing medium of the low-pressure side of the low temperature of bypass circulation 60, to flowing out to liquid reservoir outlet pipe arrangement 37 from liquid reservoir 36 and the liquid refrigerant flowed in the second stream 68B carried out cold.In addition, through the cold-producing medium of bypass circulation 60 after electric expansion valve 65 throttling, evaporation in first flow path 68A and play cooling effect.
The part shown in X3 of the P-h line chart of Fig. 4 is the effect that this inner heat exchanger 68 brings, and the temperature of the cold-producing medium flowing into electric expansion valve 39 can be down to the state shown in dotted line from the state shown in solid line.Like this, by arranging inner heat exchanger 68 in liquid reservoir 36 downstream further in the refrigerant loop 1 of electric expansion valve 39 upstream side, make flow out from evaporimeter 41 and flow to the first flow path 68A of the cold-producing medium inflow inner heat exchanger 68 of heat exchanger 29, make to flow out from liquid reservoir 36 bottom and the cold-producing medium flowing to electric expansion valve 39 flows into the second stream 68B of inner heat exchanger 68, thus, the cold-producing medium of the low-pressure side flowed in the first flow path 68A of inner heat exchanger 68 can be passed through, to to flow out from liquid reservoir 41 and the cold-producing medium flowed in the second stream 68B of inner heat exchanger 68 carried out cold, thus can suppress flow out from liquid reservoir 36 and flow to electric expansion valve 39 and 47, the reflation of the liquid refrigerant of 65, realize the further raising of refrigerating capacity.
Claims (8)
1. refrigerating plant, form refrigerant loop by compressing mechanism, gas cooler, main throttle mechanism and evaporimeter, and high-pressure side reaches supercritical pressure, this refrigerating plant comprises:
Pressure adjusting throttle mechanism, is connected to described gas cooler downstream and the described refrigerant loop of described main throttle mechanism upstream side;
Liquid reservoir, is connected to this pressure adjusting restriction mechanism downstream side and the described refrigerant loop of described main throttle mechanism upstream side;
Heat exchanger, is arranged on described gas cooler downstream and in the described refrigerant loop of described pressure adjusting throttle mechanism upstream side;
Major loop, arrives described liquid reservoir from described gas cooler through described heat exchanger and described pressure adjusting throttle mechanism, makes cold-producing medium flow out from this liquid reservoir bottom and flow into described main throttle mechanism;
Subsidiary loop, makes the cold-producing medium in described liquid reservoir return the middle splenium of described compressing mechanism via auxiliary throttle mechanism;
Bypass circulation, relative to described main throttle mechanism and described evaporimeter series loop and be connected in parallel;
Bypass throttle mechanism, is arranged in this bypass circulation; And
Controlling organization, controls described pressure adjusting throttle mechanism, described auxiliary throttle mechanism and described bypass throttle mechanism,
Make to flow out and the cold-producing medium being inhaled into described compressing mechanism flows into the first flow path of described heat exchanger from described evaporimeter, make to flow out and the cold-producing medium flowing into described pressure adjusting throttle mechanism flows into the second stream of described heat exchanger from described gas cooler, thus carried out cold by the cold-producing medium flowed in the first flow path of described heat exchanger to the cold-producing medium flowed in the second stream of described heat exchanger.
2. refrigerating plant as claimed in claim 1,
The inlet temperature being sucked into the cold-producing medium of the low-pressure side of described compressing mechanism, by described bypass throttle mechanism, is controlled the desired value for regulation by described controlling organization.
3. refrigerating plant as claimed in claim 1 or 2,
Comprise inner heat exchanger, this inner heat exchanger is arranged on described liquid reservoir downstream and in the described refrigerant loop of described main throttle mechanism upstream side,
Make to flow out and the cold-producing medium flowing to described heat exchanger flows into the first flow path of described inner heat exchanger from described evaporimeter, make to flow out from described liquid reservoir bottom and the cold-producing medium flowing to described main throttle mechanism flows into the second stream of described inner heat exchanger, thus carried out cold by the cold-producing medium flowed in the first flow path of described inner heat exchanger to the cold-producing medium flowed in the second stream of described inner heat exchanger.
4. refrigerating plant as claimed in claim 1 or 2,
The high side pressure of the described refrigerant loop of this pressure adjusting throttle mechanism upstream side, by described pressure adjusting throttle mechanism, controls to be the desired value specified by described controlling organization.
5. refrigerating plant as claimed in claim 1 or 2,
Described auxiliary throttle mechanism has the first subsidiary loop throttle mechanism,
Described subsidiary loop has to be made cold-producing medium flow out from described liquid reservoir top and flows into the gas pipeline of described first subsidiary loop throttle mechanism,
The Stress control of the cold-producing medium in described liquid reservoir, by described first subsidiary loop throttle mechanism, is the desired value of regulation by described controlling organization.
6. refrigerating plant as claimed in claim 1 or 2,
Described auxiliary throttle mechanism has the second subsidiary loop throttle mechanism,
Described subsidiary loop has to be made cold-producing medium flow out from described liquid reservoir bottom and flows into the fluid pipeline of described second subsidiary loop throttle mechanism,
The ejection temperature being ejected to the cold-producing medium of described gas cooler from described compressing mechanism, by described second subsidiary loop throttle mechanism, is controlled the desired value for regulation by described controlling organization.
7. refrigerating plant as claimed in claim 1 or 2,
Comprise and air-cooled pressure fan carried out to described gas cooler,
Described controlling organization controls the running of described pressure fan, becomes the desired value of the regulation determined relative to outside air temperature with the temperature of the cold-producing medium making the described gas cooler of outflow.
8. refrigerating plant as claimed in claim 1 or 2,
Use carbon dioxide as described cold-producing medium.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2014-022514 | 2014-02-07 | ||
| JP2014022514A JP2015148407A (en) | 2014-02-07 | 2014-02-07 | Refrigeration device |
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| CN104833122A true CN104833122A (en) | 2015-08-12 |
| CN104833122B CN104833122B (en) | 2018-04-20 |
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| CN201510060865.1A Active CN104833122B (en) | 2014-02-07 | 2015-02-05 | Refrigerating plant |
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| JP (1) | JP2015148407A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN104833122B (en) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111595071A (en) * | 2019-02-20 | 2020-08-28 | 伟思环境技术有限公司 | Temperature chamber and method |
| CN116568975A (en) * | 2020-11-24 | 2023-08-08 | 大金工业株式会社 | Refrigerating device and method for judging amount of refrigerant in refrigerating device |
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| JP6814974B2 (en) * | 2015-09-11 | 2021-01-20 | パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社 | Refrigeration equipment |
| JP6555584B2 (en) * | 2015-09-11 | 2019-08-07 | パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社 | Refrigeration equipment |
| KR102064453B1 (en) * | 2017-10-11 | 2020-02-11 | 주식회사 씨앤엘 | High temperature air cooling system |
| CN107676973B (en) * | 2017-10-27 | 2020-02-14 | 顺德职业技术学院 | Dynamic heating frequency optimization and control method for variable-frequency two-stage compression heat pump water heater |
| CN107906752B (en) * | 2017-10-27 | 2019-06-14 | 顺德职业技术学院 | The optimization of twin-stage frequency conversion two-stage compression heat pump water heater frequency dynamic and control method |
| JP6904396B2 (en) * | 2019-09-30 | 2021-07-14 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | Heat source unit and refrigeration equipment |
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| CN104833122B (en) | 2018-04-20 |
| JP2015148407A (en) | 2015-08-20 |
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