CN104827339B - The excellent working condition determining method of machine tool spindle thermal error based on orthogonal test analysis - Google Patents
The excellent working condition determining method of machine tool spindle thermal error based on orthogonal test analysis Download PDFInfo
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- CN104827339B CN104827339B CN201510171072.7A CN201510171072A CN104827339B CN 104827339 B CN104827339 B CN 104827339B CN 201510171072 A CN201510171072 A CN 201510171072A CN 104827339 B CN104827339 B CN 104827339B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q11/00—Accessories fitted to machine tools for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition or for cooling work; Safety devices specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools
- B23Q11/0003—Arrangements for preventing undesired thermal effects on tools or parts of the machine
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q17/00—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools
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- Machine Tool Sensing Apparatuses (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of excellent working condition determining method of the machine tool spindle thermal error based on orthogonal test analysis, comprise the following steps：Coefficient correlation between temperature and thermal deformation chooses rotating speed, time, whether there is and be cooled to experimental design factor, and determine each factor level number as Thermal Error evaluation index；Eligible less orthogonal arrage is selected according to factor level number, wherein, L is orthogonal arrage code name；N is orthogonal arrage row number；R is factor level number；M is orthogonal arrage file number；It is rectangular that main shaft heat sensitive area along an axle tangent line is subjected to cutting expansion, and is evenly arranged measuring point in grid division in rectangular area；According to orthogonal design point layout, each measuring point is tested successively, asks for each measuring point Thermal Error coefficient correlation, and range analysis is carried out to it, determines that Thermal Error tests excellent operating mode scheme.On the basis of test number (TN) is reduced, make experiment that there is typicalness, neat comparativity, the high efficiency realized the optimization of operating mode and layouted, reliabilization.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to machine tool spindle thermal error analysis field, more particularly to a kind of lathe based on orthogonal test analysis
The excellent working condition determining method of Spindle thermal error.
Background technology
With the rapid development of science and technology, Precision and Ultra-precision Machining technology has turned into most important in modern mechanical manufacturing
Part and developing direction, this requirement to numerical control machine finish also more and more higher.And show according to related data, heat
Error turns into the main error source for influenceing machine finish, accounts for the 40%-70% of total foozle.Therefore heat is reduced by mistake
Difference is most important to the machining accuracy for improving lathe.
Due to thermal deformation of machine tool error depend greatly on processing conditions, the process-cycle, coolant use with
And many factors such as surrounding environment, therefore the selection of Thermal Error measurement condition is very big on thermal error modeling and compensation influence.In recent years
Come, be all based on the engineering experience of early stage mostly in terms of Thermal Error measurement condition or the operating mode of processing site is pressed close in selection, but by
Generally there is time-varying in Thermal Error, it is multifactor, the features such as operating mode uncertainty so that the model of measurement condition is without representing
Property, and the problems such as data redundancy, stability reduction be present.In this regard, Shanghai Communications University professor Yang Jianguo etc. " return in paper
Return application of the orthogonal design in machine tool thermal error modeling " (aviation Precision Manufacturing Technology, 1995,35 (5):33-36.) in propose
Orthogonal Regression Design modeling, and by the factors such as lathe mechanism, environmental condition, engineering judgement, numerous experiences combine into
Row thermal error modeling, solve the problems, such as that Thermal Error models under various circumstances well, but its non-specific aim progress operating mode is excellent
Change design, also do not see and preferably go out the excellent operating mode scheme of Thermal Error using orthogonal test.
The content of the invention
For above-mentioned technical problem, the invention provides a kind of excellent work of the machine tool spindle thermal error based on orthogonal test analysis
Condition determines method.Whole process can make experiment have typicalness, neat comparativity on the basis of test number (TN) is reduced, real
The optimization of existing operating mode and high efficiency, the reliabilization layouted.
The technical scheme is that：
A kind of excellent working condition determining method of machine tool spindle thermal error based on orthogonal test analysis, comprises the following steps：
(1) coefficient correlation between temperature and thermal deformation is chosen rotating speed, time, had as Thermal Error evaluation index
Nothing is cooled to experimental design factor, and determines each factor level number；
(2) eligible less orthogonal arrage L is selected according to factor level numbern(rm), wherein, L is orthogonal arrage code name；N is
Orthogonal arrage row number；R is factor level number；M is orthogonal arrage file number；
(3) main shaft heat sensitive area is subjected to cutting expansion along an axle tangent line rectangular, and the grid division in rectangular area
Inside it is evenly arranged measuring point；
(4) according to orthogonal design point layout, each measuring point is tested successively, asks for each measuring point Thermal Error phase relation
Number, and range analysis is carried out to it, determine that Thermal Error tests excellent operating mode scheme.
Preferably, the measuring point interval of main shaft axial direction is less than circumference to measuring point interval.
Preferably, each factor level number takes 2, and selected orthogonal arrage is L4(23), by rotating speed, time, whether there is cooling and be individually placed to
1st row, the 2nd row and the 3rd row.
Preferably, described range analysis step is：
(1) range analysis table is built according to orthogonal design and K is asked for each row factori、R；Wherein, KiRepresent on either rank
When level number is i, corresponding Thermal Error coefficient correlation sum；R is referred to as extreme difference, the R=max { K on either rank1,K2}-min
{K1,K2}；
(2) each factor primary and secondary order, the water according to selected by the Ki values of each row determine each factor are determined according to extreme difference R values
It is flat, finally draw the excellent operating mode scheme of Thermal Error.
It is an advantage of the invention that：
1st, specific aim optimization design is carried out to Spindle thermal error operating mode using orthogonal experiment, between temperature and thermal deformation
Coefficient correlation as Thermal Error evaluation index, choose rotating speed, time and whether there is and be cooled to principal element structure orthogonal arrage, and
Uniform stationing is tested in main shaft heat sensitive area, carries out range analysis to test result, to determine excellent operating mode scheme, whole process can
On the basis of test number (TN) is reduced, to make experiment that there is typicalness, neat comparativity, realize the optimization of operating mode and layout
Efficient, reliabilization.
2nd, this method has neat comparable, the balanced feature such as scattered, less using simplicity, test number (TN).
Brief description of the drawings
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiment the invention will be further described：
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the machine tool spindle thermal error excellent working condition determining method of the invention based on orthogonal test analysis；
Fig. 2 is that the Thermal Error of the machine tool spindle thermal error excellent working condition determining method of the invention based on orthogonal test analysis is surveyed
Point layout drawing.
Embodiment
To make the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention of greater clarity, with reference to embodiment and join
According to accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in more detail.It should be understood that these descriptions are merely illustrative, and it is not intended to limit this hair
Bright scope.In addition, in the following description, the description to known features and technology is eliminated, to avoid unnecessarily obscuring this
The concept of invention.
Embodiment：
With reference to the drawings and specific embodiments, the invention will be further described：
As shown in figure 1, a kind of excellent working condition determining method of machine tool spindle thermal error based on orthogonal test analysis, first clearly
Thermal Error test objective, the coefficient correlation between temperature and thermal deformation is as evaluation index, according to practical experience and specialty
Knowledge, choose rotating speed, time, whether there is the principal element for being cooled to influence Thermal Error, omit secondary cause, it is true for each factor
Determine number of levels.
Then, eligible less orthogonal arrage L is selected according to factor level numbern(rm), wherein, L is orthogonal arrage code name；n
For orthogonal arrage row number；R is factor level number；M is orthogonal arrage file number.Each factor level number of the present invention takes 2, i.e., selected by just
Friendship table is L4(23), rule is used according to it, by rotating speed, the time, whether there is cooling be individually placed to orthogonal arrage the 1st row, the 2nd row and
3rd row；
Then, that the more sensitive region of spindle heat generation carried out into cutting expansion along a certain axle tangent line is rectangular, and in rectangle region
Grid division is layouted according to uniform stationing principle in domain, it is contemplated that main shaft is axially main heat sink direction, and interval of layouting should
It is smaller, and for circumference to radiating is more uniform, and interval of layouting can be as far as possible big.
According to orthogonal design point layout, each measuring point is tested successively, after being completed, result substituted into related
Solved in coefficient program, and carry out range analysis to determine that Thermal Error tests excellent operating mode scheme.
Illustrated below in conjunction with instantiation：
Operation optimization design, a length of 515mm of the spindle shaft, diameter are carried out to a VMC1060 numerical control machining centers main shaft
For φ 150mm.Thermal Error coefficient correlation is chosen first as Thermal Error test evaluation index, according to mill practices experience and test
Demand, choose rotating speed, time and whether there is and be cooled to experimental design factor, A, B, C are designated as respectively, according to the possible value of each factor
Scope, each factor level number is chosen on the basis of experience as 2.It is as shown in the table to build factor level table.
Because three factors selection number of levels are identical, therefore the horizontal quadrature design table such as use, selected according to factor level number
Eligible less table L4(23).Rule is used according to it, A, B, C are individually placed to the 1st row, the 2nd row and the 3rd row.Structure
Testing program is as shown in the table.
It is rectangular that spindle shaft heat sensitive region [54mm, 84mm] along a certain axle tangent line is subjected to cutting expansion, and in rectangle
Grid division is layouted according to uniform stationing principle in region, it is contemplated that main shaft is axially main heat sink direction, interval of layouting
Should be smaller, and for circumference to radiating is more uniform, and interval of layouting can be as far as possible big.Consider, as shown in Fig. 2 in thermal sensible section
Four measuring points are arranged in domain, lateral separation takes 90mm, longitudinally spaced to take 10mm.
According to orthogonal design point layout, each measuring point is tested successively, after being completed, result imported related
To carry out Thermal Error coefficient correlation solution in coefficient program, range analysis and regression analysis are then carried out respectively to result of the test,
Wherein range analysis process is as follows：
A certain measuring point is chosen, range analysis table is built according to orthogonal design and K is asked for each row factori, R, it is as a result as follows
Shown in table.
R as can be seen from the above table3＞ R2＞ R1, i.e., each factor primary and secondary order is C B A, and this explanation coolant is to main shaft heat
Error testing influences the most notable；In addition, the K for each row factor2It is all higher than K1, therefore it is C to test excellent scheme2B2A2, this table
It is bright that when Spindle thermal error is tested, the cooling of main shaft can reduce the degree of correlation between Thermal Error on the basis of reducing thermal deformation,
Therefore, preferably to study the variation relation between temperature and thermal deformation, the confidence level of subsequent builds model is strengthened, during test,
Excellent operating mode scheme need not cool down to keep duration of runs 120min, rotating speed 6000r/min.
It should be appreciated that the above-mentioned embodiment of the present invention is used only for exemplary illustration or explains the present invention's
Principle, without being construed as limiting the invention.Therefore, that is done without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention is any
Modification, equivalent substitution, improvement etc., should be included in the scope of the protection.In addition, appended claims purport of the present invention
Covering the whole changes fallen into scope and border or this scope and the equivalents on border and repairing
Change example.
Claims (3)
1. the excellent working condition determining method of a kind of machine tool spindle thermal error based on orthogonal test analysis, it is characterised in that including following
Step：
(1) coefficient correlation between temperature and thermal deformation is as Thermal Error evaluation index, choose rotating speed, time, whether there is it is cold
But it is experimental design factor, and determines each factor level number；
(2) eligible less orthogonal arrage L is selected according to factor level numbern(rm), rule is used according to it, by rotating speed, when
Between, whether there is cooling be individually placed to orthogonal arrage the 1st row, the 2nd row and the 3rd row, wherein, L is orthogonal arrage code name；N is that orthogonal arrage is horizontal
Line number；R is factor level number；M is orthogonal arrage file number；
(3) main shaft heat sensitive area is subjected to cutting expansion along an axle tangent line rectangular, and the grid division in rectangular area, and
Measuring point is arranged according to orthogonal design in grid；
(4) each measuring point is tested successively, asks for each measuring point Thermal Error coefficient correlation, and range analysis is carried out to it, really
Determine Thermal Error and test excellent operating mode scheme；
Described range analysis step is：
(1) range analysis table is built according to orthogonal design and K is asked for each row factori、R；Wherein, KiRepresent horizontal on either rank
When number being i, corresponding Thermal Error coefficient correlation sum；R is referred to as extreme difference, the R=max { K on either rank1,K2}-min{K1,
K2}；
(2) each factor primary and secondary is determined sequentially according to extreme difference R values, the level according to selected by the Ki values of each row determine each factor, most
The excellent operating mode scheme of Thermal Error is drawn eventually.
2. the excellent working condition determining method of the machine tool spindle thermal error according to claim 1 based on orthogonal test analysis, it is special
Sign is that the measuring point interval of main shaft axial direction is less than circumference to measuring point interval.
3. the excellent working condition determining method of the machine tool spindle thermal error according to claim 1 based on orthogonal test analysis, it is special
Sign is that each factor level number takes 2, and selected orthogonal arrage is L4(23)。
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| CN107796358A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2018-03-13 | 鼎奇(天津)主轴科技有限公司 | A kind of measuring method of Spindle thermal error |
| CN108763682B (en) * | 2018-05-16 | 2022-08-05 | 衢州学院 | Thermal optimization method and thermal optimization device of machine tool spindle based on Taguchi method |
| CN109531240A (en) * | 2018-09-03 | 2019-03-29 | 哈尔滨理工大学 | It is a kind of for measuring the exemplar and error separating method of five-axle number control machine tool Thermal Error |
| CN112148584B (en) * | 2019-06-28 | 2024-07-09 | 北京达佳互联信息技术有限公司 | Account information processing method and device, electronic equipment and storage medium |
| CN113946903B (en) * | 2021-08-24 | 2023-04-18 | 北京航空航天大学 | Optimization test design method for preparation process of heat insulation layer of solid rocket engine |
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| KR100264247B1 (en) * | 1998-03-28 | 2000-08-16 | 김영삼 | Heat change error measuring system |
| CN101290266B (en) * | 2008-06-17 | 2010-11-03 | 上海理工大学 | Numerical control machine heat error compensation temperature point position determination method |
| CN101446994A (en) * | 2008-12-18 | 2009-06-03 | 浙江大学 | Modeling method of thermal error least squares support vector machine of numerically-controlled machine tool |
| CN101436057A (en) * | 2008-12-18 | 2009-05-20 | 浙江大学 | Numerical control machining tool heat error Bayes network compensation method |
| CN102658499B (en) * | 2012-04-20 | 2014-08-06 | 西安交通大学 | Spindle thermal distortion compensation method for precision horizontal machining center |
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