CN104827155A - Solidifying and melting composite material increase forming method suitable for complex parts - Google Patents
Solidifying and melting composite material increase forming method suitable for complex parts Download PDFInfo
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- CN104827155A CN104827155A CN201510268976.1A CN201510268976A CN104827155A CN 104827155 A CN104827155 A CN 104827155A CN 201510268976 A CN201510268976 A CN 201510268976A CN 104827155 A CN104827155 A CN 104827155A
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- layer
- complex parts
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
- B23K1/20—Preliminary treatment of work or areas to be soldered, e.g. in respect of a galvanic coating
Abstract
The invention discloses a solidifying and melting composite material increase forming method suitable for complex parts. The method comprises the following steps that a metal part CAD geometrical model is set up, an STL model is extracted, layered slicing software is utilized for carrying out reasonable layering on the STL model with the layering thickness as a unit, outline information of all layers is extracted, and a computer generates a control instruction according to the outline information; a cutting device is used for cutting a plate of the layer according to the outline track of the layer by using the numerical control instruction corresponding to the layer; the plates of all the layers are bonded sequentially through welding flux according to the arrangement sequence of all the layers to finish bonding treatment on the whole parts; the whole parts after bonding treatment is carried out are heated to achieve solidifying and melting composite welding forming, and by means of the mode, material increase forming of the complex parts is finished. Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that forming efficiency is high, forming precision is high, the cost is low, the material utilization rate is high, and the applicability is high.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to part and increase material forming technique field, more specifically, relate to a kind of admittedly molten compound being applicable to complex parts and increase material manufacturing process.
Background technology
Increase material manufacture (Additive Manufacturing, AM, also known as 3D printing, rapid prototype manufacturing) technology, originate from late 1980s, due to unique distinction and the technologic advantage of its principle, from the nonmetal prototype RP technique such as plastics, paraffin, paper of functional verification during preliminary examination, to the Rapid Manufacturing Technology directly or indirectly preparing various mould, the Rapid Manufacturing Technology of metal parts up till now or mould again, AM technology achieves development fast and actual application.Existing metal increases material manufacture method, mainly contains and increases material manufacturing process and the solid-state increasing material manufacturing process based on other energy based on high energy beam with the melting of melting powder, silk material.
Melting increases material manufacturing process, mainly comprise rapid laser-shaping technique, as precinct laser melting (Selective Laser Melting, SLM), direct metal laser sintering (Direct Metal LaserSintering, and laser-engineering net shaping (Laser Engineering Net Shaping, LENS) DMLS); Electron beam RP technique, as electron beam melting (Electron Beam Melting, EBM) and electron beam solid freeform (Electron Beam Freeform Fabrication, EBFF); Plasma deposition RP technique, as direct plasma deposition manufacture (Plasma PowderDeposition Manufacturing, PPDM); The molten long-pending RP technique of electric arc, as arc system technology for making (Arc Rapid Prototyping Manufacturing, ARPM).Different melting increases material method respectively has quality, as Laser Rapid Prototyping Technique, because all material all will become process through solid-liquid-solid phase, causes Volume Changes large, residual stress and distortion large and need high power laser equipment, cost is higher, and molten long-pending efficiency is low; Electron beam RP technique, because electron beam is large to the impact of powder, be unfavorable for being shaped, and forming process must be carried out in vacuum chamber, high to the requirement of hardware, operating cost is high; The part that laser beam, beam-plasma, electric arc are shaped is without support, and complexity is limited; In addition, because the accuracy of manufacture is high and have arc light radiation, therefore, its industrial applications scope is limited.
Solid-state increasing material manufacturing process, mainly contain " ultrasonic wave increases material manufacture (UAM) " method of German Fabrisonic company exploitation, the method utilizes hyperacoustic vibrational energy to make two to need connecting surface friction, form the increasing manufacture process of intermolecular fusion, there is distortion little, the advantages such as precision is high, but still there is following problem in it: when the part prepared need reach high-precision requirement, it is except needs ultrasonic wave building mortion, also needing, Milling Motion in Three-axes NC is set and to increase after material is shaped at ultrasonic wave, machining is carried out to part, as this increased weight of equipment, manufacturing cycle and cost, the increasing material that current the method can only be used for low-melting-point metal is shaped.
Existing rapid shaping method for manufacturing metal laminated solid mass, it first spreads out then utilize laser cutting system to reject most of waste material to be greater than part maximum sized plate entirety, stock utilization is low, and large area stone can make the contact area of electrode and plate large and cause resistance seam current power density less, can seam thickness very little, of low quality.And application publication number CN103350321A, a kind of metal parts based on contour feature that patent document discloses in date of publication on October 16th, 2013 increases material manufacture method, although the thought that the method have employed layering carries out hierarchy slicing process to the model of metal parts, but still there is following problem in it: the method controls the feeding track of plate by control instruction, plate layering is sent to, the superposition seam completing each layer of part of machinery, it can only control the feeding path of plate, and cannot the inside and outside contour of each laminate material accurately be processed, machining accuracy is low, part forming is of poor quality, and be not suitable for the shaping of the part with complicated inside and outside contour thus.
Summary of the invention
For above-mentioned shortcoming and/or the Improvement requirement of prior art, the invention provides a kind of admittedly molten compound being applicable to complex parts and increase material manufacturing process, wherein according to the inside and outside contour feature of complex parts self, the mode of layering is adopted successively to complete the accurate processing of the inside and outside contour of plate, and especially can perform adhesion process successively to each layer after accurate processing, then the admittedly molten compound welding completing each laminate material is shaped, the machine-shaping of the part with complicated inside and outside contour can correspondingly be realized, there is formed precision high, shaping efficiency is high, cost is low, stock utilization is high, the advantages such as applicability is wide, in addition, also according to complexity and the required precision of part shape, can segmentation bonding and welding be carried out, and according to the different demands of part, each layer can select different materials to process, and thus the method is particularly useful for the occasions such as the processing and forming of the part with complicated shape.
For achieving the above object, the present invention proposes a kind of admittedly molten compound being applicable to complex parts and increase material manufacturing process, it is characterized in that, comprise the steps:
(1) modeling and layered shaping: set up part C AD geometrical model according to the 3D shape of formation of parts and size, extract the STL model of part, then select lift height according to the shape and size of part, utilize hierarchy slicing software to be multiple layer by described STL model partition in units of lift height;
(2) extraction of each layer profile point is operated: its inside and outside contour point is extracted respectively to the multiple layers divided by step (1), then perform respectively based on these inside and outside contour points and fill process, generate thus and process corresponding NC instruction with each layer;
(3) to the processing process of each layer of part: select thickness to be the processing object of plate as each layer of each lift height, what then generated according to step (2) by cutter sweep processes corresponding NC instruction with each layer, respectively cutting process is carried out to each each laminate material as independent processing object, realize the independence processing of the inside and outside contour of each laminate material thus, thus the more meticulous processing realizing each layer of part processes with finishing;
(4) adhesion process: each layer processed respectively by step (3) is bonded by solder each other according to its ordering, completes the adhesion process of whole part with this;
(5) admittedly molten compound welding is shaped: heated with the form of entirety by the whole part after the adhesion process obtained by step (4), be shaped with the solid solution compound welding realizing part, in this way, the increasing material completing whole complex parts is shaped.
As further preferably, described solder is preferably solder.
As further preferably, the described plate selected by each layer is identical or different.
As further preferably, the lift height of described each layer is identical or different.
In general, the above technical scheme conceived by the present invention compared with prior art, mainly possesses following technological merit:
1. the inventive method is based on discrete/stack shaping and layering Forming Theory, and according to the shape complexity of part and the requirement of precision and contour feature, layering completes the bonding of part and welding is shaped, and has the advantage that shaping efficiency is high, applicability is wide, cost is low.
2. the present invention formulates the corresponding NC instruction of each layer according to the STL model of each layer of part, realize the accurate processing of each laminate material profile, the retrofit completing the inside and outside contour of each layer of part successively, forming accuracy is high, and waste material is few in forming process, improve the utilization rate of material greatly.
3. the present invention is close to shaped solid, in forming process, part does not need to support, the various shaping with the part of complicated shape can be realized, the present invention adopts the admittedly molten compound welding of wlding to be shaped, and has that distortion is little, formability stable, without advantages such as arc light radiation pollution, working condition are good.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 (a)-1 (e) is the forming process of solid cylinder aluminum alloy part;
Fig. 2 (a)-2 (e) is the forming process of middle pertusate complicated metal parts.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to make object of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearly understand, below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is further elaborated.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein only in order to explain the present invention, be not intended to limit the present invention.In addition, if below in described each embodiment of the present invention involved technical characteristic do not form conflict each other and just can mutually combine.
Embodiment 1:
The admittedly molten compound being applicable to solid cylinder aluminum alloy part as shown in Figure 1 increases a material manufacturing process, and it comprises the steps:
(1) setting up part C AD geometrical model see Fig. 1 (a) according to the 3D shape of target solid cylinder aluminum alloy part and size, extract the STL model of part, is 1.5mm according to the shaping form of part reality and size Selection lift height; See Fig. 1 (b) according to STL model and lift height, in units of 1.5mm, 5 thickness are divided into by STL model to be the layer of 1.5mm by hierarchy slicing software, 1-3 layer selects aluminium sheet in the present embodiment, selects insulation board for the 4th layer, selects copper coin for the 5th layer;
(2) extract the inside and outside contour point of the STL model of each layer, then perform respectively based on these inside and outside contour points and fill process, process corresponding NC instruction according to the generation of these profile point with each layer by computer;
(3) select thickness be 1.5mm's and the material shaping plate corresponding with each layer as the processing object of each layer, what adopt cutter sweep to generate according to step (2) processes corresponding NC instruction with each layer, profile traces along each layer carries out cutting process to each laminate material respectively, realize the processing of the inside and outside contour of each laminate material thus, thus realize the more meticulous finishing process of each layer, specifically see Fig. 1 (c);
(4) each layer processed respectively by step (3) is bonded by solder each other according to its ordering, as shown in Fig. 1 (c), 1-3 layer is aluminium sheet, each layer bonds successively, then the insulation board of the 4th layer is bonded at the upper surface of third layer, the last upper surface at the 4th layer bonds the copper coin of layer 5, until complete the adhesion process of whole part;
(5) (this process is according to the processing needs of part reality see Fig. 1 (d), the whole part after the adhesion process obtained by step (4) to be carried out heating compound, can pressurize or not pressurize), obtain the solid cylinder aluminum alloy part that the admittedly molten composite brazing as shown in Fig. 1 (e) is shaped.
Embodiment 2:
The centre that is applicable to as shown in Figure 2 has the admittedly molten compound of the complicated metal parts of hole to increase a material manufacturing process, and it comprises the steps:
(1) see Fig. 2 (a), part C AD geometrical model is set up according to the 3D shape of target part and size, extract the STL model of part, according to shaping form and the size Selection lift height of part reality, in actual mechanical process, this lift height can be selected according to actual needs, according to shape and the complexity of part, the lift height of every layer can be identical or different, it is required to determine by the processing technology of part, operating personnel can carry out reasonably selecting and dividing as required, in the present embodiment, the lift height of each layer is selected to be 1mm, see Fig. 2 (b) according to STL model and lift height, in units of 1mm, multiple thickness is divided into be the layer of 1mm on STL model by hierarchy slicing software, the material that each layer is selected is required to determine by part process, and each layer in the present embodiment selects same plate,
(2) extract the inside and outside contour point of the STL model of each layer, then perform respectively based on these inside and outside contour points and fill process, process corresponding NC instruction according to the generation of these profile point with each layer by computer;
(3) thickness is selected to be the processing object of identical shaping plate as each layer of 1mm, what adopt cutter sweep to generate according to step (2) processes corresponding NC instruction with each layer, profile traces along each layer carries out cutting process to each layer respectively, realize the processing of the inside and outside contour to each layer thus, thus realize the more meticulous finishing process of each layer, specifically see Fig. 2 (c);
(4) each layer processed respectively by step (3) is bonded by solder each other according to its ordering, as shown in Fig. 2 (c), until complete the adhesion process of whole part;
(5) (this process is according to the processing needs of part reality the whole part after the adhesion process obtained by step (4) to be carried out heating compound as Suo Shi Fig. 2 (d), can pressurize and also can not pressurize), until the soldering completing whole part is shaped, finally obtain the target part satisfied condition as shown in Fig. 2 (e).
In addition, consider that the redundant brazing filler metal of complicated shape inside parts is difficult to remove, the each layer processed respectively by step (3) first can be bonded successively according to its ordering and become multiple segmentation adherend, it is just in time whole part that above-mentioned multiple segmentation adherend is combined; Carried out respectively pressurizeing or soldering with no pressure (namely heating compound) by the multiple segmentation adherends obtained, the welding completing part is piecemeal shaped, and then removes the redundant brazing filler metal of every intersegmental part piecemeal; Then each segmentation adherend is carried out bonding to form the complete of whole part successively according to its ordering and be bonded into body, finally this complete body that is bonded into is carried out pressurizeing or soldering with no pressure (namely heating compound) again, until the soldering completing whole part is shaped, be finally met the target part of condition.After each above-mentioned segmentation adherend carries out soldering, if precision does not reach requirement, can on same station piecemeal carry out machining, to improve the precision of part further.
Those skilled in the art will readily understand; the foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention; not in order to limit the present invention, all any amendments done within the spirit and principles in the present invention, equivalent replacement and improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. the admittedly molten compound being applicable to complex parts increases a material manufacturing process, it is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
(1) modeling and layered shaping: set up part C AD geometrical model according to the 3D shape of formation of parts and size, extract the STL model of part, then select lift height according to the shape and size of part, utilize hierarchy slicing software to be multiple layer by described STL model partition in units of lift height;
(2) extraction of each layer profile point is operated: its inside and outside contour point is extracted respectively to the multiple layers divided by step (1), then perform respectively based on these inside and outside contour points and fill process, generate thus and process corresponding NC instruction with each layer;
(3) to the processing process of each layer of part: select thickness to be the processing object of plate as each layer of each lift height, what then generated according to step (2) by cutter sweep processes corresponding NC instruction with each layer, respectively cutting process is carried out to each each laminate material as independent processing object, realize the independence processing of the inside and outside contour of each laminate material thus, thus the more meticulous processing realizing each layer of part processes with finishing;
(4) adhesion process: each layer processed respectively by step (3) is bonded by solder each other according to its ordering, completes the adhesion process of whole part with this;
(5) admittedly molten compound welding is shaped: heated with the form of entirety by the whole part after the adhesion process obtained by step (4), be shaped with the solid solution compound welding realizing part, in this way, the increasing material completing whole complex parts is shaped.
2. a kind of admittedly molten compound being applicable to complex parts increases material manufacturing process as claimed in claim 1, and it is characterized in that, described solder is preferably solder.
3. a kind of admittedly molten compound being applicable to complex parts increases material manufacturing process as claimed in claim 1 or 2, and it is characterized in that, the described plate selected by each layer is identical or different.
4. a kind of admittedly molten compound being applicable to complex parts increases material manufacturing process as claimed in claim 3, and it is characterized in that, the lift height of described each layer is identical or different.
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| CN106670736A (en) * | 2016-10-19 | 2017-05-17 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Lamination manufacturing method for large-size and complex-structure metal component |
| CN106735967A (en) * | 2016-11-21 | 2017-05-31 | 湘潭大学 | A kind of method of ultrasonic vibration assistant electric arc increasing material manufacturing control shape control |
| WO2017114104A1 (en) * | 2015-12-30 | 2017-07-06 | 北京航科精机科技有限公司 | Additive manufacturing method and system for forming complex metal part by superimposing sheet layers |
| CN107180451A (en) * | 2016-03-09 | 2017-09-19 | 北京大学口腔医院 | 3 D-printing method and device |
| CN107457404A (en) * | 2017-08-02 | 2017-12-12 | 华中科技大学 | A kind of increasing material suitable for complicated part and mould shapes method |
| CN107671286A (en) * | 2017-09-26 | 2018-02-09 | 北京恒创增材制造技术研究院有限公司 | A kind of method for improving metal 3D printing speed |
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| CN109352176A (en) * | 2018-12-18 | 2019-02-19 | 江苏镭电嘉成激光科技有限公司 | A kind of ultrahigh speed 3D printing technique of metal parts |
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| CN110948073A (en) * | 2019-11-29 | 2020-04-03 | 北京原宏达技术有限公司 | Manufacturing method of engine cylinder cover |
| CN114193104A (en) * | 2021-12-22 | 2022-03-18 | 潍柴动力股份有限公司 | Valve body machining method and valve body |
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