CN104820261A - High-temperature optical fiber grating sensing probe - Google Patents

High-temperature optical fiber grating sensing probe Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104820261A
CN104820261A CN201510288959.4A CN201510288959A CN104820261A CN 104820261 A CN104820261 A CN 104820261A CN 201510288959 A CN201510288959 A CN 201510288959A CN 104820261 A CN104820261 A CN 104820261A
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optical fiber
fiber grating
high temperature
grating
temperature
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CN104820261B (en
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杨远洪
王巧妮
杨福铃
陆林
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Beihang University
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Beihang University
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/02Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
    • G02B6/02057Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating comprising gratings
    • G02B6/02076Refractive index modulation gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings
    • G02B6/02123Refractive index modulation gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings characterised by the method of manufacture of the grating
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01DMEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/26Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
    • G01D5/268Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light using optical fibres

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Measuring Temperature Or Quantity Of Heat (AREA)
  • Light Guides In General And Applications Therefor (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-temperature optical fiber grating sensing probe which is composed of a metal-coated optical fiber, a high-temperature optical fiber grating and a stainless steel pipe packaging housing. The high-temperature optical fiber grating is prepared through performing laser engraving on an original grating by an ultraviolet or infrared femtosecond laser and thermal treatment. The technical parameter of the high-temperature optical fiber grating is obtained through model optimization. Furthermore an ultralarge-range temperature measurement with a low temperature that reaches 1000 DEG C can be realized. A stainless steel pipe is fixedly packaged with a high-temperature optical fiber grating gold-coated tail fiber in a laser heating physical deformation manner, thereby performing a protecting function, a sensitivity improving function and a grating state fixing function. The high-temperature optical fiber grating sensing probe is packaged in a no-adhesive and no-soldering-flux manner. The tail fiber is totally metalized. The high-temperature optical fiber grating sensing probe can truly realize high-temperature sensing and has advantages of small volume and high precision.

Description

A kind of high temperature optical fiber grating sensing probe
Technical field
The invention belongs to high temp sensitive fields of measurement, relate to a kind of high temperature optical fiber grating sensing probe.
Background technology
At present, the field such as nuclear power, petrochemical complex and Aero-Space to being applicable to electromagnetic radiation, 500 ~ 1000 DEG C of pyrostats of High Temperature High Pressure extreme environment have urgent demand.The transducing part of pyrostat wants resistant against high temperatures, and secondly, other parts supporting sensor also want withstand high temperatures.Fibre Optical Sensor has the advantages such as size is little, lightweight, electromagnetism interference, is applicable to the temperature sensing of extreme environment.Optical fibre high temp sensitive scheme mainly contains Blackbody Radiation Method, special optical fiber raster method, ultrafast laser prepare fibre grating method and high-temperature heat treatment fibre grating method etc.Blackbody Radiation Method carries out demodulation by the light of object radiation different wave length under high temperature lens and Transmission Fibers collection high temperature to realize sensing, and sensing temperature scope and precision are restricted.Ordinary optic fibre Bragg grating starts to degenerate 200 ~ 300 DEG C time, is completely erased at about 700 DEG C, and temperature sensitive range is usually within 500 DEG C and high temperature life is short.Sapphire fiber grating can tolerate the high temperature of 1745 DEG C with its crystalline material characteristic, but cost is high, is unfavorable for applying.Therefore, the difficult problem that high temperature optical fiber grating is current high temp sensitive field how is made.
Fiber-optic grating sensor needs could actual sensing to use through encapsulation, and High-temperature Packaging has problem to be solved.At present, packaged type is generally epoxide-resin glue or glass solder and grating is sticked at metalwork mode, optical fiber surface metal plating adopt scolding tin in metalwork welding manner etc.Easily there is catabiosis in glue, and non-refractory; Optical fiber shows that metallization and scolding tin welding packaged type have good reliability, but soldering tin material cannot bear the high temperature of more than 500 DEG C, limits the serviceability temperature scope of sensor.Laser bonding mode general welding material high-temperature fusion realizes connecting, but solder melt point is lower, also cannot meet high temperature (~ 1000 DEG C) sensing and measurement.
Although the tail optical fiber of fiber grating is not direct pick-up position, carries the effect of signal transmission, also need High-temperature Packaging.The encapsulation scheme of existing plating is only protected grid region, and the encapsulation of tail optical fiber part fails really to realize withstand high temperatures.Therefore, not real pyrostat.
The present invention gives fiber grating thermal treatment model, and according to this model, grating is heat-treated, obtain high temperature optical fiber grating; Resistant to elevated temperatures gold coating tail optical fiber is adopted to ensure that the high temperature tolerance ability of whole sensing head; Adopt LASER HEATING to impact and make the deformation of stainless steel package casing, and then the mode of extruding gold coating realizes the solidification of grating and shell, ensure glue-free, open encapsulation, achieve real high temperature optical fiber grating sensor.This sensing probe structure is simple, and size is little, and measurement range is wide, and precision is high.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is: overcome problems such as making the encapsulation of high temperature optical fiber grating sensor grating and tail optical fiber part non-refractory, propose a kind of high temperature optical fiber grating sensing probe, adopt golden coated fiber, ensure that tail optical fiber part is high temperature resistant, manufacture craft optimization model in conjunction with high-temperature resistant optical fiber grating makes high-temperature resistant optical fiber grating at golden coated fiber, and adopts Stainless Steel pipe and LASER HEATING physical deformation mode packaged fiber grating.This sensing probe really can tolerate the high temperature of more than 1000 DEG C, and structure is simple, and size is little, and measurement range is wide, and precision is high.
The technical scheme that the present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above employing is:
The invention provides a kind of high temperature optical fiber grating sensing probe, encapsulated by golden coated fiber, high-temperature resistant optical fiber grating and stainless-steel tube and form; Wherein, described golden coated fiber is coat is golden high temperature optical fiber, high temperature optical fiber grating is on golden coated fiber fibre core, high temperature optical fiber grating is made up by thermal treatment of ultraviolet or infrared femtosecond laser writing grating, its technological parameter obtains according to model optimization, can realize low temperature to the temperature survey on a large scale of 1000 DEG C; High temperature optical fiber grating region adopts stainless-steel tube packaging protection, adopts LASER HEATING mode to make the two ends of stainless-steel tube that physical deformation occur, fixing golden coated fiber.
Further, be that the relational model of constant temp. heating treatment temperature T and processing time t is by ultraviolet or infrared femtosecond laser writing original grating by making after thermal treatment described in:
t = A · e - T - T th B
Wherein, T thfor original fiber grating can produce high temperature optical fiber grating threshold temperature, A is that heated at constant temperature temperature is in threshold temperature T thtime, original fiber grating forms the time of high temperature optical fiber grating, and B is coefficient;
Further, described model coefficient can pass through different temperatures constant temp. heating process original fiber grating, and the original fiber grating obtained under different temperatures forms the time of high temperature optical fiber grating, carries out matching acquisition; The model coefficient of the original fiber grating of same type is identical, and model coefficient only needs once to demarcate, and dissimilar original fiber grating needs peg model coefficient again.
Further, described heat treatment temperature is more than or equal to threshold temperature T th.
Further, described golden coated fiber coat thickness is but is not limited only to 30 μm, and stainless-steel tube internal diameter is but is not limited only to 0.3 μm, has gap between stainless steel inside pipe wall and golden coated fiber.
Further, described LASER HEATING packaged type is that the laser of multiple directions focuses on stainless-steel tube simultaneously, heating for multiple times regulates stainless-steel tube deformation quantity, stainless-steel tube is heated produce multiple spot physical deformation to fill up gap, is fixed in stainless-steel tube by golden coated fiber.
Further, described resistant to elevated temperatures optical fiber grating sensing probe is glue-free open encapsulation, and tail optical fiber is golden coated fiber, really can tolerate the high temperature of more than 1000 DEG C, realization on a large scale, the temperature sensing of high temperature extreme environment.
Further, described a kind of high temperature optical fiber grating sensing probe, after encapsulation, sensing head size is less than Φ 2mm × 10mm (i.e. diameter 2mm, length 10mm).
Principle of the present invention is:
A high temperature optical fiber grating sensing probe, adopts blade or chemical reagent to remove a bit of coat of golden coated fiber, and in fibre core, inscribes original grating with ultraviolet or infrared femtosecond laser.
Further, original grating is heat-treated, and there will be grating and degenerates to and minimumly return to maximum phenomenon again, when grating returns to maximum, form high temperature optical fiber grating.
Further, temperature spot 800 DEG C, 900 DEG C, 1000 DEG C three temperature spots are chosen; Original grating sample 12 ' is placed in high temperature furnace 21, and two ports of high temperature furnace 21 place high temperature cotton 22, play the effect of insulation and protection optical fiber; The two ends adhesive tape of grating sample 11 is bonded on optical fiber keel 23, keeps grating sample 12 ' horizontal relaxed state placement all the time; Grating sample 12 ' one end is connected with grating demodulation instrument 24, observes reflectance spectrum change; High temperature furnace temperature is set to 800 DEG C, and temperature slowly rises to 800 DEG C from room temperature, and when arriving 800 DEG C, constant temperature keeps, and observes and records time of formation high temperature optical fiber grating; Change grating sample, change the temperature of high temperature furnace, repeat said process, obtain original grating sample at 900 DEG C and 1000 DEG C and form the time of high temperature optical fiber grating; Carry out matching according to analogue formation formula, obtain analogue formation parameter, dissimilar original grating manufacture craft model is:
Further, the manufacture craft model of high temperature optical fiber grating, T ththreshold temperature is relevant with original grating type with optical fiber, carries the temperature threshold of hydrogen optical fiber lower than non-year hydrogen optical fiber, and the original grating threshold temperature prepared of Ultra-Violet Laser is lower than the grating of infrared femtosecond laser writing.
A high temperature optical fiber grating sensing probe, high temperature optical fiber grating can tolerate more than 1000 DEG C high temperature; Tail optical fiber is golden coated fiber, and the fusing point of gold is 1063 DEG C; Adopt the mode of glue-free, solderless LASER HEATING stainless-steel tube deformation to encapsulate, tolerable temperature is stainless melting temperature, is greater than 1400 DEG C; Therefore, sensing probe entirety can tolerate more than 1000 DEG C high temperature.
Further, have gap between stainless steel inside pipe wall and golden coated fiber, multidirectional laser heats stainless-steel tube generation deformation quantity simultaneously and fills up gap, and then the fixing golden coated fiber of extruding; Laser energy needs preferably, such as can by miniwatt repeatedly LASER HEATING mode regulate stainless-steel tube deformation quantity, make deformation quantity fill up gap, the fixing golden coated fiber of extruding, is unlikely to again to destroy optical fiber.
The beneficial effect of a kind of high temperature optical fiber grating sensing probe of the present invention is:
(1), the present invention adopts golden coated fiber, ensures that tail optical fiber part can withstand high temperatures.
(2), analogue formation of the present invention provides foundation for thermal treatment fiber grating, be applicable to dissimilar original fiber grating, can improve the make efficiency of high temperature optical fiber grating, high temperature optical fiber grating can tolerate the high temperature of >1000 DEG C.
(3), the present invention adopts multidirectional laser to heat the mode packaged fiber grating of stainless-steel tube shell generation physical deformation, fixed grating state, realize glue-free, openization encapsulation, sensing probe is made really to tolerate the high temperature of more than 1000 DEG C, structure is simple, size is little, and measurement range is wide, and precision is high.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is a kind of high temperature optical fiber grating sensing sonde configuration schematic diagram.In Fig. 1,11 is golden coated fibers, and 12 is high temperature optical fiber gratings, and 13 is stainless-steel tube package casings, and 14 is laser bonding deformation region.
Fig. 2 is high temperature optical fiber grating annealing device schematic diagram.In Fig. 2,12 ' is original fiber grating, and 21 is high temperature furnaces, and 22 is that high temperature is cotton, and 23 is optical fiber keels, and 24 is grating demodulation instrument.
Fig. 3 is that ultraviolet carries hydrogen fiber grating, infrared femtosecond carries hydrogen fiber grating, the high-temperature heat treatment data of infrared femtosecond non-year hydrogen fiber grating and analogue formation matched curve.
The temperature lift-down curve that Fig. 4 is high temperature optical fiber grating within the scope of room temperature to 1100 DEG C.
Fig. 5 is that LASER HEATING mode encapsulates schematic diagram, and laser head number to be not limited only to shown in figure 3.In Fig. 5,11 is golden coated fibers, and 13 is stainless-steel tube package casings, and 31 is LASER HEATING welders.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, content of the present invention is described in further detail.
Shown in figure 3, the original grating of ultraviolet or infrared femtosecond laser writing is through heat treatments at different, and original grating forms time t and the temperature T exponentially decline curve relation of high temperature optical fiber grating.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing 1, accompanying drawing 2, accompanying drawing 4, accompanying drawing 5, specifically introduce the manufacturing process of a kind of high temperature optical fiber grating sensing probe.
1) on golden coated fiber, infrared femtosecond original grating is prepared.
2) according to analogue formation and acceptable heat treatment time 120min, calculating heat treatment temperature is 957 DEG C.
3) original fiber grating 12 ' is placed in high temperature furnace 21,957 DEG C of constant temperature process grating 120min, then closes high temperature furnace 21, make temperature naturally cool or directly extract grating out high temperature furnace 21, high temperature optical fiber grating 12 can be obtained; With reference to shown in accompanying drawing 4, high temperature optical fiber grating 12 is in the temperature range of room temperature to 1100 DEG C, and temperature lift-down curve is linearity curve, and repeatability is good.
4) with reference to shown in accompanying drawing 1 and accompanying drawing 5, by high temperature optical fiber grating 12 through stainless-steel tube 13, grating region is made to be positioned at stainless-steel tube 13; With fiber clamp fixed fiber position, and fix stainless-steel tube 13 position with fixture; Laser head 31 is moved to stainless-steel tube 13 one end, laser head 31 is consistent with stainless-steel tube distance, regulate laser power, regulate laser focusing position, multidirectional laser heats stainless-steel tube simultaneously, and heating for multiple times makes it produce physical deformation and golden coated fiber is affixed, then moves to stainless-steel tube 13 other end, adopt same procedure again to weld, high temperature optical fiber grating sensing probe can be obtained.
The technology contents that the present invention does not elaborate belongs to the known technology of those skilled in the art.

Claims (7)

1. a high temperature optical fiber grating sensing probe, it is characterized in that, described sensing probe is made up of golden coated fiber (11), high temperature optical fiber grating (12) and stainless-steel tube package casing (13); Wherein, described golden coated fiber (11) is coat is golden high temperature optical fiber, high temperature optical fiber grating (12) is on golden coated fiber fibre core, high temperature optical fiber grating is by making after thermal treatment by ultraviolet or infrared femtosecond laser writing grating, the model optimization that its technological parameter obtains according to research obtains, and can realize low temperature to the temperature survey on a large scale of 1000 DEG C; High temperature optical fiber grating region adopts stainless-steel tube (13) packaging protection, adopts LASER HEATING mode to make the two ends of stainless-steel tube (13) that physical deformation occur, fixing golden coated fiber (11).
2. a kind of high temperature optical fiber grating sensing probe according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described high temperature optical fiber grating is that the relational model of constant temp. heating treatment temperature T and processing time t is by ultraviolet or infrared femtosecond laser writing original grating by making after thermal treatment:
t = A · e T - T th B
Wherein, T thfor original fiber grating can produce high temperature optical fiber grating threshold temperature, A is that heated at constant temperature temperature is in threshold temperature T thtime, original fiber grating forms the time of high temperature optical fiber grating, and B is coefficient;
Model coefficient can pass through different temperatures constant temp. heating process original fiber grating, and the original fiber grating obtained under different temperatures forms the time of high temperature optical fiber grating, carries out matching acquisition; The model coefficient of the original fiber grating of same type is identical, and model coefficient only needs once to demarcate, and dissimilar original fiber grating needs peg model coefficient again.
3. a kind of high temperature optical fiber grating sensing probe according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described heat treatment temperature should be more than or equal to threshold temperature T th.
4. a kind of high temperature optical fiber grating sensing probe according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described golden coated fiber coat thickness is but is not limited only to 30 μm, and stainless-steel tube internal diameter is but is not limited only to 0.3 μm, has gap between stainless steel inside pipe wall and golden coated fiber.
5. a kind of high temperature optical fiber grating sensing probe according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described LASER HEATING packaged type is that the laser of multiple directions focuses on stainless-steel tube (13) simultaneously, heating for multiple times regulates stainless-steel tube deformation quantity, stainless-steel tube (13) is heated produce multiple spot physical deformation to fill up gap, golden coated fiber (11) is fixed in stainless-steel tube (13).
6. a kind of high temperature optical fiber grating sensing probe according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the optical fiber grating sensing probe of described high temperature is glue-free open encapsulation, tail optical fiber is golden coated fiber, really can tolerate the high temperature of more than 1000 DEG C, realize on a large scale, the temperature sensing of high temperature extreme environment.
7. a kind of high temperature optical fiber grating sensing probe according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, after encapsulation, sensing head size is less than Φ 2mm × 10mm.
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Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106248231A (en) * 2016-09-21 2016-12-21 成都创慧科达科技有限公司 A kind of high-temperature resistant optical fiber grating sensor
CN107255851A (en) * 2017-08-14 2017-10-17 江苏法尔胜光电科技有限公司 The cable configuration and its installation method of a kind of dim light grid array for sensor monitoring
CN107560643A (en) * 2017-08-15 2018-01-09 浙江智远光电科技有限公司 The method for packing of the structural mechanics sensor of femtosecond laser direct write grating
CN108917803A (en) * 2018-08-08 2018-11-30 西安交通大学 A kind of preparation method of the distributed high-temperature resistant optical fiber grating sensor based on metal coated fiber
CN109901279A (en) * 2019-02-25 2019-06-18 桂林电子科技大学 Microballoon self assembly laser based on coaxial three waveguide fiber
CN112763782A (en) * 2020-12-14 2021-05-07 河南平高电气股份有限公司 All-fiber sensing ring of current transformer
CN114136349A (en) * 2021-11-16 2022-03-04 西安交通大学 High-temperature-resistant Bragg fiber grating sensor with variable sensing quantity and preparation method thereof
CN114660706A (en) * 2022-04-08 2022-06-24 武汉理工大学 High-temperature-resistant fiber drawing tower grating sensing optical fiber and preparation method thereof

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1329716A (en) * 1998-12-04 2002-01-02 塞德拉公司 Strain-isolated bragg grating temperature sensor
CN101413809A (en) * 2008-11-28 2009-04-22 东华大学 Multifunctional optical fiber grating sensing system
CN201794579U (en) * 2010-05-28 2011-04-13 北京康华盛鸿能源科技发展有限公司 Packaging structure of quasi-distributed fiber grating temperature sensor
CN204347287U (en) * 2015-01-09 2015-05-20 石家庄经济学院 A kind of metallized optical fibre grating

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1329716A (en) * 1998-12-04 2002-01-02 塞德拉公司 Strain-isolated bragg grating temperature sensor
CN101413809A (en) * 2008-11-28 2009-04-22 东华大学 Multifunctional optical fiber grating sensing system
CN201794579U (en) * 2010-05-28 2011-04-13 北京康华盛鸿能源科技发展有限公司 Packaging structure of quasi-distributed fiber grating temperature sensor
CN204347287U (en) * 2015-01-09 2015-05-20 石家庄经济学院 A kind of metallized optical fibre grating

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106248231A (en) * 2016-09-21 2016-12-21 成都创慧科达科技有限公司 A kind of high-temperature resistant optical fiber grating sensor
CN107255851A (en) * 2017-08-14 2017-10-17 江苏法尔胜光电科技有限公司 The cable configuration and its installation method of a kind of dim light grid array for sensor monitoring
CN107560643A (en) * 2017-08-15 2018-01-09 浙江智远光电科技有限公司 The method for packing of the structural mechanics sensor of femtosecond laser direct write grating
CN108917803A (en) * 2018-08-08 2018-11-30 西安交通大学 A kind of preparation method of the distributed high-temperature resistant optical fiber grating sensor based on metal coated fiber
CN109901279A (en) * 2019-02-25 2019-06-18 桂林电子科技大学 Microballoon self assembly laser based on coaxial three waveguide fiber
CN112763782A (en) * 2020-12-14 2021-05-07 河南平高电气股份有限公司 All-fiber sensing ring of current transformer
CN114136349A (en) * 2021-11-16 2022-03-04 西安交通大学 High-temperature-resistant Bragg fiber grating sensor with variable sensing quantity and preparation method thereof
CN114660706A (en) * 2022-04-08 2022-06-24 武汉理工大学 High-temperature-resistant fiber drawing tower grating sensing optical fiber and preparation method thereof

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