CN104819737B - A kind of method for obtaining the measurement data related to polarization - Google Patents
A kind of method for obtaining the measurement data related to polarization Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a kind of method for obtaining the measurement data related to polarization, including：1st, modulation voltage generator is started, the laser sent by light source enters the polarizer, phase modulation component, then the incoming incident optical for isolating optical fiber；2nd, modulation voltage generator will produce a constant amplitude and with periodic stepwise voltage, and put on phase modulation component and be modulated, and load on modulated voltage signal and formed on light wave modulation light；3rd, the modulation optical transport is to sensing element, by the incoming analyzer of modulation light, then by the output optical fiber of the incoming isolation optical fiber of the modulation light；4th, after the light intensity signal for modulating light being converted into electric signal, the intensity signal to exporting is sampled, and one group of intensity signal is obtained by sampling, and this group of intensity signal is processed, and calculates system function, intrinsic function, and build intrinsic function group；5th, the measurement data proportional to measured physical quantity is calculated by intrinsic function group.Data the invention enables measurement are more accurate.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of technical field of optical fiber sensing, more particularly to a kind of obtain the measurement data related to polarization
Method.
Background technology
It is a critically important branch in optical measurement to polarize related measurement.Light as electromagnetic wave a part, in sky
Between during wave propagation, its electric field component is vector field, commonly uses its polarization state to describe, i.e., with the polaried orientation of the vector
Described with phase difference.When phase difference is zero, the polarization state is referred to as linear polarization；When phase difference is not zero, the polarization is referred to as ellipse
Circular polarization or circular polarization.
When light is propagated in sensing unit, survey physical quantity with (being treated) and interact, change the polarization state of optical electric field,
So that the information of measurand is loaded on light wave.In order to the physical quantity information that will be loaded on light wave is extracted, light
General a pair of the polarizers by mutual orthogonal of system and the sensing unit clipped between them are constituted；Such optical system is referred to as
It is polarimeter.
It is possible to change the unit of optical polarization, referred to as birefringent elements.Accompanied between polarizer pair one it is two-fold
Penetrate the system referred to as first-order polarization meter of unit；Two are accompanied between polarizer pair, or the system of N number of birefringent elements is referred to as two
Rank, or N rank polarimeters.Birefringent elements between polarizer pair, have plenty of what is intentionally added, have plenty of due to optical element
Caused by imperfection, and can not be ignored.Because polarizer and birefringent elements are all vector device, system light
The mathematical analysis for learning intensity must be described by trigonometric function.The increase of polarimeter exponent number, will be such that mathematical analysis becomes exponentially
Level is numerous and diverse, and the development of polarimeter is hindered significantly.
Optical fiber as light wave wave director, be the basic device of optical fiber sensing system.Because its bendable is stubborn, propagation distance
Far, it is easy to use；Again because it is insulator, do not influenceed by electromagnetic interference, optical fiber sensing system has lot of superiority.But
It is that, due to the effect of photoelasticity physical effect, any point on fiber optic conduction path is become by mechanical oscillation or environment temperature
During the influence of change, the light wave conducted in optical fiber polarization state at this point will all occur uncontrollable change so that optical fiber is made
For birefringent elements have time-varying characteristics.
Generally, fiber polarimeter respectively has an optical fiber in the front and back of polarizer pair；Optical fiber above is by incident light
Feeding polarimeter, optical fiber below sends polarimeter emergent light back to.Because polarimeter is very sensitive to the polarization state of incident light, enter
Time-varying characteristics that optical fiber has as birefringent elements are penetrated so that fiber polarimeter inevitably has time-varying characteristics.Light source
With the time is aging, photoelectric detector temperature characterisitic, light source and optical fiber, optical fiber and photoelectric detector, light (light beam) and optical fiber
The optical coupling of collimater etc. prevents optical fiber sensing system from practical with the produced time-varying characteristics such as change of ectocine.
Because each component in optical fiber sensing system is respectively provided with time-varying characteristics, greatly have impact on related to polarization
The measurement result of data.Prior art does not recognize the time-varying characteristics of optical system, in order to improve the precision of measurement data,
Although also using photoelastic effect or bubble Ke Ersi (Pockels) electrooptic effects improves polarization measurement as optical phase modulator
Accuracy of measurement, but the data of measurement are still present than larger error, and due to using sine wave as basic modulation waveform,
Originally very complicated mathematical analysis becomes more numerous and diverse.The present invention is using stepped square wave as the basic of phase-modulation
Waveform, with the analysis of easy data.The physical effect that sensing element in the present invention can have has：Bubble Ke Ersi (Pockels)
Electrooptic effect, faraday's (Faraday) magneto-optic effect and light unisexuality effect etc., correspondingly measured physical quantity may include, but not limit
In voltage, (or electric-field intensity), electric current (or magnetic field intensity), pressure (or stress).
The content of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention, is to provide a kind of method for obtaining the measurement data related to polarization, is
The measurement data related to polarization is obtained by optical fiber sensing system, between the polarizer pair of traditional polarimeter, not only
Phase modulation component is added, and is also added into isolating optical fiber so that the polarizer (first polarizer) and analyzer (second
Individual polarizer) spatially separated, they are attached separately on two substrates；Meanwhile, employ stepped square wave and make
It is the basic waveform of phase-modulation so that the mathematical analysis of optical fiber sensing system can simplify and accurately carry out.
What the present invention was realized in：
A kind of method for obtaining the measurement data related to polarization, methods described needs to provide a kind of optical fiber sensing system,
The optical fiber sensing system includes light source, modulation module, isolates optical fiber, sensing module, modulation voltage generator, the light source,
The modulation module, the isolation optical fiber, the sensing module are sequentially connected, and the output voltage of the modulation voltage generator is applied
It is added on the modulation module；The modulation module includes the polarizer, phase modulation component, and the sensing module includes sensing element
Part, analyzer, the light that the light source is sent are transmitted to the polarizer, the phase modulation component successively, then incoming again
The isolation optical fiber, the light that the isolation optical fiber is transmitted, transmits to the sensing element, the analyzer, Ran Houzai successively
The output optical fiber of the incoming isolation optical fiber；Methods described specifically includes following steps：
After step 1, the startup modulation voltage generator power, the laser sent by the light source is entered successively by optical fiber
In entering the polarizer, the phase modulation component, then again in the incident optical of the incoming isolation optical fiber；
Step 2, the modulation voltage generator will produce a constant amplitude and with periodic stepwise voltage, then
The signal of the voltage is put on into the phase modulation component to be modulated, modulated voltage signal is loaded on and tune is formed on light wave
Light processed；
Step 3, the modulation light are transmitted into the sensing element by the incident optical of the isolation optical fiber, now described
Information with measured physical quantity in sensing element, then by the incoming analyzer of the modulation light, then the modulation light is passed
Enter it is described isolation optical fiber the output optical fiber in；
Step 4, by modulate light light intensity signal be converted to electric signal after, to export intensity signal sample, pass through
Sampling obtains one group of intensity signal, then carries out treatment calculating to this group of intensity signal, can calculate system function, intrinsic letter
Number, then intrinsic function group is built by the intrinsic function；
Step 5, by the intrinsic function group, calculate the measurement data proportional to measured physical quantity.
Further, the step 4 is specific as follows：
Step 41, the light intensity general expression sent by the output optical fiber of the isolation optical fiber are：
I (t)=(1/2) γ (t) Io(t){2α+cos2(ψP-ψM)β+sin2(ψP-ψM)η·cos[θM(t)]+sin2(ψP-
ψM)ζ·sin[θM(t)] },
And α={ [cos2(ψP-ψM)cos2(ψM-ψS)+sin2(ψP-ψM)sin2(ψM-ψS)]cos2(ψS-ψV)
+[cos2(ψP-ψM)sin2(ψM-ψS)+sin2(ψP-ψM)cos2(ψM-ψS)]sin2(ψS-ψV)]}cos2(ψV-ψA)
+{[cos2(ψP-ψM)cos2(ψM-ψS)+sin2(ψP-ψM)sin2(ψM-ψS)]sin2(ψS-ψV)
+[cos2(ψP-ψM)sin2(ψM-ψS)+sin2(ψP-ψM)cos2(ψM-ψS)]cos2(ψS-ψV)]}sin2(ψV-ψA)
Wherein, γ (t) is transmissivity total effect of each unit to light, IoT () is the luminous intensity that light source sends, ψPIt is to represent
The light transmission shaft orientation of the polarizer, ψMIt is the fast axis orientation for representing phase modulation component, θMT () is to represent phase modulation component institute
The phase difference or phase delay of generation, ψSIt is the fast axis orientation for representing isolation optical fiber entrance port, ψVIt is represent sensing element fast
Fast axle orientation, ψAIt is the light transmission shaft orientation for representing analyzer, β, η, ζ represent intrinsic function；
The angle in the light transmission shaft orientation of the polarizer and the fast axis orientation of phase modulation component is set to 45 degree, i.e. (ψP-
ψM)=45 °, then light intensity general expression can further change and be kept to：
I (t)=(1/2) γ (t) Io(t){1+η·cos[θM(t)]+ζ·sin[θM(t)] },
Wherein, γ (t) is transmissivity total effect of each unit to light, IoT () is the luminous intensity that light source sends, θMT () is table
Show the phase difference or phase delay produced by phase modulation component, η, ζ represent intrinsic function；
There are three kinds of modulation conditions, respectively θ each modulation periodM(t)=+ θM、θM(t)=0, θM(t)=- θM, then its
One group of intensity signal { I that sampling is obtained+, I0, I-Be respectively：
I+(t)=(1/2) γ (t) Io(t){1+η·cos[θM]+ζ·sin[θM], wherein, γ (t) is each unit to light
The total effect of transmissivity, IoT () is the luminous intensity that light source sends, θMIt is to represent the modulation number under phase modulation component modulation condition
Value, η, ζ represent intrinsic function；
I0(t)=(1/2) γ (t) Io(t) { 1+ η }, wherein, γ (t) is transmissivity total effect of each unit to light, Io(t)
It is luminous intensity that light source sends, η represents intrinsic function；
I-(t)=(1/2) γ (t) Io(t){1+η·cos[θM]-ζ·sin[θM], wherein, γ (t) is each unit to light
The total effect of transmissivity, IoT () is the luminous intensity that light source sends, θMIt is to represent the modulation number under phase modulation component modulation condition
Value, η, ζ represent intrinsic function；
Step 42, the light intensity signal { I obtained by sampling+, I0, I-, the system function I for calculatingM, intrinsic function ζ
It is respectively with η：
IM=[I+(t)+I-(t)-2I0(t)cos(θM)]/tan(θM/ 2), and in formula, I+T () is to represent that modulation condition is θM
(t)=+ θMUnder intensity signal, I-T () is to represent that modulation condition is θM(t)=- θMUnder intensity signal, I0T () is to represent tune
State processed is θMIntensity signal under (t)=0, θMIt is to represent the modulation numerical value under phase modulation component modulation condition；
ζ=[I+(t)–I-(t)]/IM(t), in formula, I+T () is to represent that modulation condition is θM(t)=+ θMUnder light intensity letter
Breath, I-T () is to represent that modulation condition is θM(t)=- θMUnder intensity signal, IMT () is to represent system function；
η={ 2I0(t)-[I+(t)+I-(t)]}/{IM(t)·tan[θM/ 2] }, in formula, I+T () is to represent that modulation condition is
θM(t)=+ θMUnder intensity signal, I-T () is to represent that modulation condition is θM(t)=- θMUnder intensity signal, I0T () is to represent
Modulation condition is θMIntensity signal under (t)=0, θMIt is to represent the modulation numerical value under phase modulation component modulation condition, IM(t)
It is to represent system function；
Wherein, system function IMT () is defined by the formula：IM(t)=γ (t) Io(t)·sin[θM]；
Intrinsic function ζ and η is had when based on the sensing module：
ζ=ζT·cos2(ψV-ψA)+ζR·sin2(ψV-ψA), wherein, have in the case where polarization is calculated as three ranks：
ζT=sin2 (ψS2-ψV)·sin(θS), ζR=cos2 (ψS2-ψV)·sin(θS)cos(θV)+cos(θS)sin
(θV), in formula, ψVIt is the fast axis orientation for representing sensing element, ψAIt is the light transmission shaft orientation for representing analyzer, ψS2It is to represent isolation
The fast axis orientation of fiber exit mouthful, θVIt is to represent the phase difference or phase delay produced by sensing element, θSIt is to represent isolation light
Fine gross phase postpones；
η=ηT·cos2(ψV-ψA)+ηR·sin2(ψV-ψA), wherein, have in the case where polarization is calculated as three ranks：
ηT=-sin2 (ψM-ψS1)cos2(ψS2-ψV)-cos2(ψM-ψS1)sin2(ψS2-ψV)·cos(θS),
ηR(the ψ of=+ sin 2M-ψS1)sin 2(ψS2-ψV)·cos(θV)-cos2(ψM-ψS1)cos2(ψS2-ψV)·cos(θV)
cos(θS)+cos2(ψM-ψS1)·1·sin(θV)sin(θS),
In formula, ψVIt is the fast axis orientation for representing sensing element, ψAIt is the light transmission shaft orientation for representing analyzer, ψMIt is to represent
The fast axis orientation of phase modulation component, ψS1It is the fast axis orientation for representing isolation optical fiber entrance port, ψS2It is to represent isolation optical fiber
The fast axis orientation of exit portal, θVIt is to represent the phase difference or phase delay produced by sensing element, θSIt is to represent that isolation optical fiber is total
Body phase delay；
After angle between step 43, the quick direction of principal axis of setting sensing element and the printing opacity direction of principal axis of analyzer, build
Go out intrinsic function group.
Further, the measured physical quantity in the step 2 includes voltage, electric current, pressure.
The invention has the advantages that：Outside mechanical oscillation and environment can be effectively eliminated the invention enables fiber polarimeter
Influence of the various outside time-varying characteristics such as temperature to measurement result so that the obtained data of measurement are more accurate.
Brief description of the drawings
The present invention is further illustrated in conjunction with the embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of three rank polarimeters.
Fig. 2 is the basic light path figure of optical fiber sensing system.
The relation that Fig. 3 is modulated for the light intensity of optical fiber sensing system with stepped square wave phase difference.
Fig. 4 is the inventive method execution flow chart.
Specific embodiment
As shown in figure 1, the three ranks polarimeter includes polarizer P, the first birefringence element M, the second birefringence element S, the
Three birefringence element V, analyzer A；Polarizer P is by its light transmission shaft orientation ψPTo describe, the first birefringence element M is by its fast axis
Orientation ψMWith produced phase difference or phase delay θMTo describe, the second birefringence element S is by its fast axis orientation ψSWith produced
Raw phase difference or phase delay θSTo describe, the 3rd birefringence element V is by its fast axis orientation ψVWith produced phase difference or
Phase delay θVTo describe, analyzer A is by its light transmission shaft orientation ψATo describe.
The light intensity expression (1) of the emergent light of the three ranks polarimeter is：
I (t)=γ (t) Io(t){α
-(1/2)sin2(ψP-ψM)sin2(ψM-ψS)cos2(ψS-ψV)cos2(ψV-ψA)·cos(θM)
-(1/2)cos2(ψP-ψM)sin2(ψM-ψS)sin2(ψS-ψV)cos2(ψV-ψA)·cos(θS)
-(1/2)sin2(ψP-ψM)cos2(ψM-ψS)sin2(ψS-ψV)cos2(ψV-ψA)·cos(θS)cos(θM)
+(1/2)sin2(ψP-ψM)·1·sin 2(ψS-ψV)cos2(ψV-ψA)·sin(θS)sin(θM)
-(1/2)cos2(ψP-ψM)cos2(ψM-ψS)sin 2(ψS-ψV)sin 2(ψV-ψA)·cos(θV)
+(1/2)sin2(ψP-ψM)sin 2(ψM-ψS)sin 2(ψS-ψV)sin 2(ψV-ψA)·cos(θV)cos(θM)
-(1/2)cos2(ψP-ψM)sin2(ψM-ψS)cos 2(ψS-ψV)sin 2(ψV-ψA)·cos(θV)cos(θS)
+(1/2)cos2(ψP-ψM)sin2(ψM-ψS)·1·sin 2(ψV-ψA)·sin(θV)sin(θS)
-(1/2)sin2(ψP-ψM)cos2(ψM-ψS)cos2(ψS-ψV)sin 2(ψV-ψA)·cos(θV)cos(θS)cos
(θM)
+(1/2)sin2(ψP-ψM)cos2(ψM-ψS)·1·sin 2(ψV-ψA)·sin(θV)sin(θS)cos(θM)
+(1/2)sin2(ψP-ψM)·1·1·sin 2(ψV-ψA)·sin(θV)cos(θS)sin(θM)
+(1/2)sin2(ψP-ψM)·1·cos2(ψS-ψV)sin 2(ψV-ψA)·cos(θV)sin(θS)sin(θM)}
Wherein the formula of α (2) is：
α={ [cos2(ψP-ψM)cos2(ψM-ψS)+sin2(ψP-ψM)sin2(ψM-ψS)]cos2(ψS-ψV)
+[cos2(ψP-ψM)sin2(ψM-ψS)+sin2(ψP-ψM)cos2(ψM-ψS)]sin2(ψS-ψV)]}cos2(ψV-ψA)
+{[cos2(ψP-ψM)cos2(ψM-ψS)+sin2(ψP-ψM)sin2(ψM-ψS)]sin2(ψS-ψV)
+[cos2(ψP-ψM)sin2(ψM-ψS)+sin2(ψP-ψM)cos2(ψM-ψS)]cos2(ψS-ψV)]}sin2(ψV-ψA)
In formula (1), IoT () is the luminous intensity that light source sends, γ (t) is transmissivity total effect of each unit to light.
Traditional fiber polarimeter basic light path, is respectively have an optical fiber, previous in the front and back of polarizer pair
Be incident optical, latter to receive optical fiber, due to polarizer to the distance between it is smaller, therefore by polarizer pair and they it
Between birefringent elements all install on the same substrate.In order to be different from traditional fiber polarimeter, Fibre Optical Sensor of the invention
The basic light path of system is as shown in Fig. 2 the basic light path of the optical fiber sensing system includes light source, polarizer P, phase modulation component
Optical fiber sensing system is separated into two pieces of substrates by M, isolation optical fiber S, sensing element V, analyzer A, isolation optical fiber S, and one piece by
Inclined device P, the modulation module of phase modulation component M compositions, another piece of sensing module being made up of sensing element V, analyzer A, every
Modulation module, sensing module can be carried out remote space isolation from optical fiber S；Polarizer P is described by its light transmission shaft orientation ψ P,
Phase modulation component M is by its fast axis orientation ψMWith produced phase difference or phase delay θMTo describe, optical fiber S is by it for isolation
The fast axis orientation ψ of entrance portS1, isolation optical fiber gross phase postpone θSAnd the fast axis orientation ψ of exit portalS2To describe, pass
Sensing unit V is by its fast axis orientation ψVWith produced phase difference or phase delay θVTo describe, analyzer A is by its light transmission shaft side
Position ψATo describe.
Based on modulation module, the output intensity general expression of the fiber polarimeter is：
I (t)=(1/2) γ (t) Io(t){2α+cos2(ψP-ψM)β+sin2(ψP-ψM)η·cos[θM(t)]+sin2(ψP-
ψM)ζ·sin[θM(t)]} (3)
In formula (3), IoT () is the luminous intensity that light source sends, γ (t) is transmissivity total effect of each unit to light, and α is
The value of formula (2), β, η, ζ are intrinsic function.
Based on sensing module, for intrinsic function η and ζ in formula (3), can refine and be：
η=ηT·cos2(ψV-ψA)+ηR·sin2(ψV-ψA) (4a)
ζ=ζT·cos2(ψV-ψA)+ζR·sin2(ψV-ψA) (4b)
In formula (4a)-(4b), ψVIt is the fast axis orientation for representing sensing element, ψAIt is the light transmission shaft side for representing analyzer
Position.
For optical fiber sensing system as shown in Figure 2, the η in formula (4a)T、ηRWith the ζ in formula (4b)T、ζRSpecific table
It is up to formula：
ηT=-sin2 (ψM-ψS1)cos2(ψS2-ψV)-cos2(ψM-ψS1)sin2(ψS2-ψV)·cos(θS) (5a)
ηR(the ψ of=+ sin 2M-ψS1)sin 2(ψS2-ψV)·cos(θV)-cos2(ψM-ψS1)cos2(ψS2-ψV)·
cos(θV)cos(θS)+cos2(ψM-ψS1)·1·sin(θV)sin(θS) (5b)
ζT=sin2 (ψS2-ψV)·sin(θS) (5c)
ζR=cos2 (ψS2-ψV)·sin(θS)cos(θV)+cos(θS)sin(θV) (5d)
In formula (5a)-(5d), ψVIt is the fast axis orientation for representing sensing element, ψAIt is the light transmission shaft side for representing analyzer
Position, ψMIt is the fast axis orientation for representing phase modulation component, ψS1It is the fast axis orientation for representing isolation optical fiber entrance port, ψS2It is table
Show the fast axis orientation of isolation fiber exit mouthful, θVIt is to represent the phase difference or phase delay produced by sensing element, θSIt is to represent
Isolation optical fiber gross phase postpones；
Formula (5a)-(5d) is the intrinsic function η and ζ separated with system function from actual measurement intensity signal, they
The influence of measuring system time-varying characteristics is had disengaged from, has contained isolation optical fiber [ψS1, θS]、[ψS2] and measured physical quantity [ψV, θV]
Information.By the combination arrangement of multi-pass, can be from intrinsic function corresponding with each light path system, by measured physical quantity [ψV, θV]
Information extraction out.
In order that mathematical analysis is simplified, and using periodic stepped square wave as basic modulation waveform, its light
The relation modulated with stepped square wave phase difference by force is as shown in figure 3, by the light transmission shaft orientation and phase of the polarizer P in Fig. 2
The angle in the M fast axis orientation of modulation element is set to 45 degree, i.e. (ψP-ψM)=45 °, now formula (3) can further abbreviation
For：
I (t)=(1/2) γ (t) Io(t){1+η·cos[θM(t)]+ζ·sin[θM(t)]} (6)
In formula, γ (t) is transmissivity total effect of each unit to light, IoT () is the luminous intensity that light source sends, θMT () is table
Show the phase difference or phase delay produced by phase modulation component, η, ζ represent intrinsic function；
There are three kinds of modulation conditions, respectively θ each modulation periodM(t)=+ θM、θM(t)=0, θM(t)=- θM, then its
Corresponding light intensity I+(t)、I0T (), I- (t) are respectively：
I+(t)=(1/2) γ (t) Io(t){1+η·cos[θM]+ζ·sin[θM]} (7a)
I0(t)=(1/2) γ (t) Io(t){1+η} (7b)
I-(t)=(1/2) γ (t) Io(t){1+η·cos[θM]-ζ·sin[θM]} (7c)
In formula (7a)-(7c), γ (t) is transmissivity total effect of each unit to light, IoT () is the light intensity that light source sends
Degree, θMIt is the modulation amplitude of phase modulation component, η, ζ represent intrinsic function.
Light intensity difference during positive and negative modulation condition is Δ I (t)=I+(t)–I-(t)=IM(t)ζ (8)
I in formula (8)MT () is referred to as system function, ζ represents intrinsic function, IMT () is defined by the formula：
IM(t)=γ (t) Io(t)·sin[θM] (9)
From formula (9), IoT () is the luminous intensity that light source sends；θMIt is the modulation amplitude of phase modulation component；γ(t)
It is transmissivity total effect of each unit to light, these factors have time-varying characteristics to a certain extent.Therefore, system function IM
(t) reflection be light source ageing instability, analyzer before the change of polarization state of incident optical, fiber optic conduction light it is saturating
Penetrate total effect of the hard ware measure condition such as rate variation, the transmissivity of light path, the transfer characteristic of optical-electrical converter.
System function IMT () and intrinsic function ζ and η, can be by the light intensity I that surveys+(t)、I0T (), I- (t) are dynamic as the following formula
Calculate：
IM(t)=[I+(t)+I-(t)-2I0(t)cos(θM)]/tan(θM/2) (10a)
ζ=[I+(t)–I-(t)]/IM(t) (10b)
η={ 2I0(t)-[I+(t)+I-(t)]}/{IM(t)·tan[θM/2]} (10c)
In formula (10a)-(10c), I+T () is to represent that modulation condition is θM(t)=+ θMUnder intensity signal, I-T () is table
Show that modulation condition is θM(t)=- θMUnder intensity signal, I0T () is to represent that modulation condition is θMIntensity signal under (t)=0, θM
It is the modulation amplitude of phase modulation component, IMT () is to represent system function.
From actual measurement intensity signal, system function and intrinsic function are separated, just can be special by the time-varying of whole system
Influence of the property to measurement result is eliminated, so as to eliminate the influence of mechanical oscillation and variation of ambient temperature to measurement result.
Embodiment one：As shown in figure 4, a kind of method for obtaining the measurement data related to polarization, methods described needs are carried
For a kind of optical fiber sensing system, the optical fiber sensing system includes light source, modulation module, isolation optical fiber, sensing module, modulation electricity
Pressure generator, the light source, the modulation module, the isolation optical fiber, the sensing module are sequentially connected, the modulation voltage
The output voltage of generator puts on the modulation module；The modulation module includes the polarizer, phase modulation component, the biography
Sense module includes sensing element, analyzer, and the light that the light source is sent is transmitted to the polarizer, the phase-modulation successively
Element, then the incoming isolation optical fiber again, the light that the isolation optical fiber is transmitted, transmit to the sensing element, institute successively
State analyzer, then again it is incoming it is described isolation optical fiber the output optical fiber；Methods described specifically includes following steps：
After step 1, startup modulation voltage generator power, the laser sent by the light source sequentially enters institute by optical fiber
In stating the polarizer, the phase modulation component, in then entering back into the incident optical of the isolation optical fiber；
Step 2, the voltage signal that modulation voltage generator is produced is transmitted to the phase modulation component and is modulated, made
The signal loading of modulation voltage modulates light to formation on light wave；
Step 3, the modulation light are transmitted into the sensing element by the incident optical of the isolation optical fiber, now described
Sensing element will be because with bubble Ke Ersi (Pockels) electrooptic effect, wherein carrying the information of voltage in the light wave for passing through, then will
In the modulation optical transport to the analyzer, then by the output optical fiber of the modulation optical transport to the isolation optical fiber；
Step 4, by modulate light light intensity signal be converted to electric signal after, to export intensity signal sample, pass through
Sampling obtains one group of intensity signal, then carries out treatment calculating to this group of intensity signal, can calculate system function, intrinsic letter
Number, then intrinsic function group is built by the intrinsic function；It is specific as follows：
Step 41, the light intensity general expression sent by the output optical fiber of the isolation optical fiber are：
I (t)=(1/2) γ (t) Io(t){2α+cos2(ψP-ψM)β+sin2(ψP-ψM)η·cos[θM(t)]+sin2(ψP-
ψM)ζ·sin[θM(t)] },
And α={ [cos2(ψP-ψM)cos2(ψM-ψS)+sin2(ψP-ψM)sin2(ψM-ψS)]cos2(ψS-ψV)
+[cos2(ψP-ψM)sin2(ψM-ψS)+sin2(ψP-ψM)cos2(ψM-ψS)]sin2(ψS-ψV)]}cos2(ψV-ψA)
+{[cos2(ψP-ψM)cos2(ψM-ψS)+sin2(ψP-ψM)sin2(ψM-ψS)]sin2(ψS-ψV)
+[cos2(ψP-ψM)sin2(ψM-ψS)+sin2(ψP-ψM)cos2(ψM-ψS)]cos2(ψS-ψV)]}sin2(ψV-ψA)
Wherein, γ (t) is transmissivity total effect of each unit to light, IoT () is the luminous intensity that light source sends, ψPIt is to represent
The light transmission shaft orientation of the polarizer, ψMIt is the fast axis orientation for representing phase modulation component, θMT () is to represent phase modulation component institute
The phase difference or phase delay of generation, ψSIt is the fast axis orientation for representing isolation optical fiber entrance port, ψVIt is represent sensing element fast
Fast axle orientation, ψAIt is the light transmission shaft orientation for representing analyzer, η, ζ represent intrinsic function；
The angle in the light transmission shaft orientation of the polarizer and the fast axis orientation of phase modulation component is set to 45 degree, i.e. (ψP-
ψM)=45 °, then light intensity general expression can further change and be kept to：
I (t)=(1/2) γ (t) Io(t){1+η·cos[θM(t)]+ζ·sin[θM(t)] },
Wherein, γ (t) is transmissivity total effect of each unit to light, IoT () is the luminous intensity that light source sends, θMT () is table
Show the phase difference or phase delay produced by phase modulation component, η, ζ represent intrinsic function；
There are three kinds of modulation conditions, respectively θ each modulation periodM(t)=+ θM、θM(t)=0, θM(t)=- θM, then its
One group of intensity signal { I that sampling is obtained+, I0, I-Be respectively：
I+(t)=(1/2) γ (t) Io(t){1+η·cos[θM]+ζ·sin[θM], wherein, γ (t) is each unit to light
The total effect of transmissivity, IoT () is the luminous intensity that light source sends, θMIt is the modulation amplitude of phase-modulator, η, ζ represent intrinsic
Function；
I0(t)=(1/2) γ (t) Io(t) { 1+ η }, wherein, γ (t) is transmissivity total effect of each unit to light, Io(t)
It is luminous intensity that light source sends, η represents intrinsic function；
I-(t)=(1/2) γ (t) Io(t){1+η·cos[θM]-ζ·sin[θM], wherein, γ (t) is each unit to light
The total effect of transmissivity, IoT () is the luminous intensity that light source sends, θMIt is the modulation amplitude of phase modulation component, η, ζ represent solid
There is function；
Step 42, the light intensity signal { I obtained by sampling+, I0, I-, the system function I for calculatingM, intrinsic function ζ
It is respectively with η：
IM=[I+(t)+I-(t)-2I0(t)cos(θM)]/tan(θM/ 2), and in formula, I+T () is to represent that modulation condition is θM
(t)=+ θMUnder intensity signal, I-T () is to represent that modulation condition is θM(t)=- θMUnder intensity signal, I0T () is to represent tune
State processed is θMIntensity signal under (t)=0, θMIt is the modulation amplitude of phase modulation component；
ζ=[I+(t)–I-(t)]/IM(t), in formula, I+T () is to represent that modulation condition is θM(t)=+ θMUnder light intensity letter
Breath, I-T () is to represent that modulation condition is θM(t)=- θMUnder intensity signal, IMT () is to represent system function；
η={ 2I0(t)-[I+(t)+I-(t)]}/{IM(t)·tan[θM/ 2] }, in formula, I+T () is to represent that modulation condition is
θM(t)=+ θMUnder intensity signal, I-T () is to represent that modulation condition is θM(t)=- θMUnder intensity signal, I0T () is to represent
Modulation condition is θMIntensity signal under (t)=0, θMIt is the modulation amplitude of phase modulation component, IMT () is to represent system function；
Wherein, system function IMT () is defined by the formula：IM(t)=γ (t) Io(t)·sin[θM], wherein, γ (t) is each
Unit is to the total effect of transmissivity of light, IoT () is the luminous intensity that light source sends, θ M are the modulation amplitudes of phase modulation component.
Intrinsic function ζ and η is had when based on the sensing module：
ζ=ζT·cos2(ψV-ψA)+ζR·sin2(ψV-ψA), wherein, have in the case where polarization is calculated as three ranks：
ζT=sin2 (ψS2-ψV)·sin(θS), ζR=cos2 (ψS2-ψV)·sin(θS)cos(θV)+cos(θS)sin
(θV), in formula, ψVIt is the fast axis orientation for representing sensing element, ψAIt is the light transmission shaft orientation for representing analyzer, ψS2It is to represent isolation
The fast axis orientation of fiber exit mouthful, θVIt is to represent the phase difference or phase delay produced by sensing element, θSIt is to represent isolation light
Fine gross phase postpones；
η=ηT·cos2(ψV-ψA)+ηR·sin2(ψV-ψA), wherein, have in the case where polarization is calculated as three ranks：
ηT=-sin2 (ψM-ψS1)cos2(ψS2-ψV)-cos2(ψM-ψS1)sin2(ψS2-ψV)·cos(θS),
ηR(the ψ of=+ sin 2M-ψS1)sin 2(ψS2-ψV)·cos(θV)-cos2(ψM-ψS1)cos2(ψS2-ψV)
·cos(θV)cos(θS)+cos2(ψM-ψS1)·1·sin(θV)sin(θS),
In formula, ψVIt is the fast axis orientation for representing sensing element, ψAIt is the light transmission shaft orientation for representing analyzer, ψMIt is to represent
The fast axis orientation of phase modulation component, ψS1It is the fast axis orientation for representing isolation optical fiber entrance port, ψS2It is to represent isolation optical fiber
The fast axis orientation of exit portal, θVIt is to represent the phase difference or phase delay produced by sensing element, θSIt is to represent that isolation optical fiber is total
Body phase delay；
After angle between step 43, the quick direction of principal axis of setting sensing element and the printing opacity direction of principal axis of analyzer, build
Go out intrinsic function group.
Step 5, by the intrinsic function group, calculate the measurement data proportional to voltage.
Embodiment two：Measured physical quantity is electric current or magnetic field intensity, and its method is similar to the method in embodiment one, different
Part is：Step 3 is：The modulation light is transmitted into the sensing element by the incident optical of the isolation optical fiber, now
The sensing element is because with faraday (Faraday) magneto-optic effect, wherein being loaded with electric current in the light wave for passing through or magnetic field is strong
The information of degree, then by the modulation optical transport to the analyzer, then the going out to the isolation optical fiber by the modulation optical transport
Penetrate in optical fiber；Step 5 is, by the intrinsic function group, to calculate the measurement data proportional to electric current or magnetic field intensity；Other
Step is the same.
Embodiment three：Measured physical quantity is pressure or stress, and its method is similar to the method in embodiment one, difference
It is：Step 3 is：The modulation light is transmitted into the sensing element by the incident optical of the isolation optical fiber, now described
Sensing element is because with photoelastic effect, wherein being loaded with the information of pressure or stress in the light wave for passing through, then modulating this
In optical transport to the analyzer, then by the output optical fiber of the modulation optical transport to the isolation optical fiber；Step 5 is by this
Intrinsic function group, calculates the measurement data proportional to pressure or stress；Other steps are the same.
Here the optical fiber referred to, such as isolation optical fiber, refer to the single-mode fiber of general communication, and its birefringence has time-varying special
Property.Some Fibre Optical Sensors, such as Optical fibre interferometric, using polarization maintaining optical fibre or high birefringence optical fiber as isolation optical fiber, be for
Mitigate or ignore isolation optical fiber to conducting the influence of polarization state.Here the phase-modulator referred to, actually orthogonal are inclined
Shake phase-modulator, is that the phase difference between the polarized light component to mutual orthogonal is modulated.Commonly used in Optical fibre interferometric
Phase-modulator, such as Y types phase-modulator, polarization phase modulator actually in the same direction is using polarization direction identical two
Beam polarised light carries out phase-modulation by the phase difference formed after different optical path propagation.
Although the foregoing describing specific embodiment of the invention, those familiar with the art should manage
Solution, the specific embodiment described by us is merely exemplary, and rather than for the restriction to the scope of the present invention, is familiar with this
The technical staff in field should be covered of the invention in the equivalent modification and change made according to spirit of the invention
In scope of the claimed protection.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of method for obtaining the measurement data related to polarization, it is characterised in that：Methods described needs to provide a kind of optical fiber
Sensor-based system, the optical fiber sensing system includes light source, modulation module, isolation optical fiber, sensing module, modulation voltage generator,
The light source, the modulation module, the isolation optical fiber, the sensing module are sequentially connected, the modulation voltage generator
Output voltage puts on the modulation module；The modulation module includes the polarizer, phase modulation component, the sensing module bag
Sensing element, analyzer are included, the light that the light source is sent is transmitted to the polarizer, the phase modulation component successively, so
The incoming isolation optical fiber again, the light that the isolation optical fiber is transmitted, transmit to the sensing element, the analyzing successively afterwards
Device, then again it is incoming it is described isolation optical fiber the output optical fiber；Methods described specifically includes following steps：
After step 1, the startup modulation voltage generator power, the laser sent by the light source sequentially enters institute by optical fiber
In stating the polarizer, the phase modulation component, then again in the incident optical of the incoming isolation optical fiber；
Step 2, the modulation voltage generator will produce a constant amplitude and with periodic stepwise voltage, then should
The signal of voltage puts on the phase modulation component and is modulated, and loads on modulated voltage signal and modulation is formed on light wave
Light；
Step 3, the modulation light are transmitted into the sensing element by the incident optical of the isolation optical fiber, now the sensing
Information with measured physical quantity in element, then by the incoming analyzer of the modulation light, then by the incoming institute of the modulation light
State isolation optical fiber the output optical fiber in；
Step 4, by modulate light light intensity signal be converted to electric signal after, to export intensity signal sample, by sampling
One group of intensity signal is obtained, treatment calculating then is carried out to this group of intensity signal, system function, intrinsic function can be calculated, then
Intrinsic function group is built by the intrinsic function；
Step 5, by the intrinsic function group, calculate the measurement data proportional to measured physical quantity.
2. a kind of method for obtaining the measurement data related to polarization as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step
4 it is specific as follows：
Step 41, the light intensity general expression sent by the output optical fiber of the isolation optical fiber are：
I (t)=(1/2) γ (t) Io(t){2α+cos2(ψP-ψM)β+sin2(ψP-ψM)η· cos[θM(t)]+sin2(ψP-ψM)
ζ·sin[θM(t)] },
And α={ [cos2(ψP-ψM)cos2(ψM-ψS)+sin2(ψP-ψM)sin2(ψM-ψS)]cos2(ψS-ψV)+[cos2(ψP-ψM)
sin2(ψM-ψS)+sin2(ψP-ψM)cos2(ψM-ψS)]sin2(ψS-ψV)]}cos2(ψV-ψA)+{[cos2(ψP-ψM)cos2(ψM-ψS)
+sin2(ψP-ψM)sin2(ψM-ψS)]sin2(ψS-ψV)+[cos2(ψP-ψM)sin2(ψM-ψS)+sin2(ψP-ψM)cos2(ψM-ψS)]
cos2(ψS-ψV)]}sin2(ψV-ψA)
Wherein, γ (t) is transmissivity total effect of each unit to light, IoT () is the luminous intensity that light source sends, ψPIt is to represent to be polarized
The light transmission shaft orientation of device, ψMIt is the fast axis orientation for representing phase modulation component, θMT () is represented produced by phase modulation component
Phase difference or phase delay, ψSIt is the fast axis orientation for representing isolation optical fiber entrance port, ψVIt is the fast axis for representing sensing element
Orientation, ψAIt is the light transmission shaft orientation for representing analyzer, β, η, ζ represent intrinsic function；
The angle in the light transmission shaft orientation of the polarizer and the fast axis orientation of phase-modulator is set to 45 degree, i.e. (ψP-ψM)=
45 °, then light intensity general expression can abbreviation be further：
I (t)=(1/2) γ (t) Io(t){1+η·cos[θM(t)]+ζ·sin[θM(t)] },
Wherein, γ (t) is transmissivity total effect of each unit to light, IoT () is the luminous intensity that light source sends, θMT () is to represent phase
Phase difference or phase delay produced by the modulation element of position, η, ζ represent intrinsic function；
There are three kinds of modulation conditions, respectively θ each modulation periodM(t)=+ θM、θM(t)=0, θM(t)=- θM, then its sampling
The one group of intensity signal { I for obtaining+, I0, I-Be respectively：
I+(t)=(1/2) γ (t) Io(t){1+η·cos[θM]+ζ·sin[θM], wherein, γ (t) is each unit to the saturating of light
Penetrate the total effect of rate, IoT () is the luminous intensity that light source sends, θMIt is to represent the modulation numerical value under phase modulation component modulation condition, η,
ζ represents intrinsic function；
I0(t)=(1/2) γ (t) Io(t) { 1+ η }, wherein, γ (t) is transmissivity total effect of each unit to light, IoT () is light
The luminous intensity that source sends, η represents intrinsic function；
I-(t)=(1/2) γ (t) Io(t){1+η·cos[θM]-ζ·sin[θM], wherein, γ (t) is each unit to the saturating of light
Penetrate the total effect of rate, IoT () is the luminous intensity that light source sends, θMIt is to represent the modulation numerical value under phase modulation component modulation condition, η,
ζ represents intrinsic function；
Step 42, the light intensity signal { I obtained by sampling+, I0, I-, the system function I for calculatingM, intrinsic function ζ and η difference
For：
IM=[I+(t)+I-(t)-2I0(t)cos(θM)]/tan(θM/ 2), and in formula, I+T () is to represent that modulation condition is θM(t)=+
θMUnder intensity signal, I-T () is to represent that modulation condition is θM(t)=- θMUnder intensity signal, I0T () is to represent modulation condition
It is θMIntensity signal under (t)=0, θMIt is to represent the modulation numerical value under phase modulation component modulation condition；
ζ=[I+(t)–I-(t)]/IM(t), in formula, I+T () is to represent that modulation condition is θM(t)=+ θMUnder intensity signal, I-
T () is to represent that modulation condition is θM(t)=- θMUnder intensity signal, IMT () is to represent system function；
η={ 2I0(t)-[I+(t)+I-(t)]}/{IM(t)·tan[θM/ 2] }, in formula, I+T () is to represent that modulation condition is θM(t)
=+θMUnder intensity signal, I-T () is to represent that modulation condition is θM(t)=- θMUnder intensity signal, I0T () is to represent modulation shape
State is θMIntensity signal under (t)=0, θMIt is to represent the modulation numerical value under phase modulation component modulation condition, IMT () is to represent
System function；
Wherein, system function IMT () is defined by the formula：IM(t)=γ (t) Io(t)·sin[θM]；
Intrinsic function ζ and η is had when based on the sensing module：
ζ=ζT·cos2(ψV-ψA)+ζR·sin2(ψV-ψA), wherein, have in the case where polarization is calculated as three ranks：
ζT=sin2 (ψS2-ψV)·sin(θS), ζR=cos2 (ψS2-ψV)·sin(θS)cos(θV)+cos(θS)sin(θV), formula
In, ψVIt is the fast axis orientation for representing sensing element, ψAIt is the light transmission shaft orientation for representing analyzer, ψS2It is to represent that isolation optical fiber goes out
The fast axis orientation of loophole, θVIt is to represent the phase difference or phase delay produced by sensing element, θSIt is to represent isolation optical fiber totality
Phase delay；
η=ηT·cos2(ψV-ψA)+ηR·sin2(ψV-ψA), wherein, have in the case where polarization is calculated as three ranks：
ηT=-sin2 (ψM-ψS1)cos2(ψS2-ψV)-cos2(ψM-ψS1)sin2(ψS2-ψV)·cos(θS),
ηR(the ψ of=+ sin 2M-ψS1)sin 2(ψS2-ψV)·cos(θV)-cos2(ψM-ψS1)cos2(ψS2-ψV)
·cos(θV)cos(θS)+cos2(ψM-ψS1)·1·sin(θV)sin(θS),
In formula, ψVIt is the fast axis orientation for representing sensing element, ψAIt is the light transmission shaft orientation for representing analyzer, ψMIt is to represent phase
The fast axis orientation of modulation element, ψS1It is the fast axis orientation for representing isolation optical fiber entrance port, ψS2It is to represent isolation fiber exit
The fast axis orientation of mouth, θVIt is to represent the phase difference or phase delay produced by sensing element, θSIt is to represent the isolation total body phase of optical fiber
Position postpones；
After angle between step 43, the quick direction of principal axis of setting sensing element and the printing opacity direction of principal axis of analyzer, construct solid
There is group of functions.
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