CN104781984A - 具有rf和基带波束形成的模块化天线阵列 - Google Patents

具有rf和基带波束形成的模块化天线阵列 Download PDF

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CN104781984A
CN104781984A CN201280076841.XA CN201280076841A CN104781984A CN 104781984 A CN104781984 A CN 104781984A CN 201280076841 A CN201280076841 A CN 201280076841A CN 104781984 A CN104781984 A CN 104781984A
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antenna
wave beam
module
array
anneta module
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亚历山大·马尔特瑟夫
阿里·S·萨德里
理查德·B·尼科尔斯
雷扎·阿列菲
阿列克谢·达维多夫
威蒂姆·瑟格耶夫
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Intel Corp
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
    • H04B7/0617—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal for beam forming
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
    • H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
    • H01Q1/246—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for base stations
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/20—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart the units being spaced along or adjacent to a curvilinear path
    • H01Q21/205—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart the units being spaced along or adjacent to a curvilinear path providing an omnidirectional coverage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q25/00—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
    • H01Q3/34—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means
    • H01Q3/40—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means with phasing matrix
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/18—Phase-modulated carrier systems, i.e. using phase-shift keying
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W16/00—Network planning, e.g. coverage or traffic planning tools; Network deployment, e.g. resource partitioning or cells structures
    • H04W16/24—Cell structures
    • H04W16/28—Cell structures using beam steering

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)

Abstract

通常，本公开提供用于使用射频(RF)和基带(BB)波束形成的模块化天线阵列的***和方法。***可以包括多个天线模块，每个天线模块还包括被耦合到RF波束形成电路的天线元件的阵列，RF波束形成电路调整与天线元件相关联的相位移动以生成与天线模块相关联的天线波束；以及被耦合到每个天线模块的中央波束形成模块，中央波束形成模块控制与每个天线模块相关联的天线波束并且生成相对于每个天线模块的信号调整，其中天线模块的天线元件的阵列结合以作为复合天线波束形成阵列进行操作。

Description

具有RF和基带波束形成的模块化天线阵列
技术领域
本公开涉及天线阵列波束形成(beamforming)，并且更具体地，本公开涉及使用射频(RF)和基带波束形成的天线阵列的模块结构。
背景技术
诸如膝上型计算机、笔记本计算机、上网本、个人数字助理(PDA)和移动电话之类的电子设备越来越趋向于，例如包括以增加的数据速率操作的各种无线通信能力。这些设备所使用的无线通信***正在扩展为通信频谱的更高的频率范围，例如毫米波区域，并且更具体地为60GHz波段。传播损耗和衰减趋向于以这些更高的频率增加，然而，以提供期望的增益和空间覆盖的方式实施天线***能够变得困难。
该波段中在大约50米或更远距离处的通信，例如在户外或在大空间中的通信，通常需要使用具有30-40dB或更多增益的高度定向天线以补偿衰减损失。另外，通常有相对宽的部分覆盖的需求以包括其它设备和站而不管位置。一些通信***采用相控阵波束形成以将相对窄的波束引导在期望的方向中，但该方法通常需要大量天线元件被耦合到RF集成电路(RFIC)处理芯片，其中相控阵的增益与天线元件的数量有关。然而，耦合足够多的天线元件以提供必要的增益通常是困难的和昂贵的，这是由于天线元件和RFIC之间的信号路由(供应线路)变得太复杂并且导致增加的信号衰减。这些天线阵列的成本通常随阵列中的天线元件的数量不成比例地增长。
附图说明
随着下面的详细描述的进行并且当参照附图时，要求的主题的实施例的特征和优势将成为显而易见的，其中相似的标号描绘相似的部分，并且其中：
图1示出了与本公开一致的一个典型实施例的顶级***图；
图2示出了与本公开一致的一个典型实施例的框图；
图3示出了与本公开一致的另一典型实施例的框图；
图4示出了与本公开的一个实施例一致的典型相位调整；
图5示出了与本公开的另一实施例一致的典型相位调整；
图6示出了与本公开的一个实施例一致的典型波束形成；
图7示出了与本公开的另一实施例一致的典型波束形成；
图8示出了与本公开一致的另一典型实施例的框图；
图9示出了与本公开一致的一个典型实施例的操作的流程图；
图10示出了与本公开一致的一个典型实施例的平台。
虽然下面的详细描述将参照说明性的实施例进行，但是其中的很多替代、修改和变型对本领域的技术人员来说将是显而易见的。
详细描述
通常，本公开提供用于天线阵列波束形成使用模块架构以从较小的子阵列天线模块中合成较大的复合天线阵列的***和方法。子阵列天线模块中的RF波束形成和子阵列天线模块之间的基带波束形成的组合例如在波束宽度、增益、覆盖和波束引导(steering)中提供增加的波束形成能力。***可以被配置为在RP频谱的毫米波(mm-波，毫米波)区域中操作，并且更具体地为在与对例如无线个人区域网(WPAN)和无线局域网(WLAN)通信***的使用相关联的60GHz区域中进行操作。
图1示出了与本公开一致的一个典型实施例的顶级***图100。模块化天线阵列***102被示出，其可以被配置为发送和/或接收RP频谱的毫米波区域中的数据。在一些实施例中，***102可以形成诸如移动电话、膝上型计算机、平板计算机或基站之类的无线通信平台的一部分。***102可以被配置为生成天线波束图型(pattern)108，天线波束图型108在一些实施例中可以是可引导的波束。***102可以包括通过发送(Tx)和接收(Rx)数据链路112和控制链路110被耦合到中央波束形成模块106的多个RF波束形成天线模块104，其操作将在下面更详细地进行解释。在一些实施例中，中央波束形成模块106可以在基带、中频(IF)处或在RF处进行操作。尚待被***102发送或接收的数据可以通过数据端口被提供，数据端口将中央波束模块106耦合到处理器或被配置为生成或接收数据的任何其它适当的***。
图2示出了与本公开一致的一个典型实施例的框图200。RF波束形成天线模块104被示出为包括通过供应线路204((feed line)，其可以是微带馈线)被耦合到RF波束形成器RFIC 212的天线元件202的阵列。RFIC212包括被耦合到加法器/分离器电路214的相移电路208的阵列。相移电路208被配置为调整从相关联的天线元件202接收的或被发送到相关联的天线元件202的RF信号的相位。相位移动的量可以通过被供应到相移器电路的控制信号206被确定。控制信号206可以是在RFIC 212内被生成的和/或来源于从中央波束形成模块106被接收的控制链路110上的信号的加权系数。相位移动调整可以确定和控制波束宽度、增益和/或由天线元件202的阵列形成的天线波束的方向。在接收了信号的情况下，加法器/分离器电路214对接收的相位移动信号求和并且在数据链路112上将该和提供给中央波束形成模块106。在发送了信号的情况下，加法器/分离器电路214在数据链路112上将提供的信号从中央波束形成模块106分离并且将分离信号耦合到每个相移电路208。
如将在先问更详细地解释的，从中央波束形成模块106被接收的控制链路110上的信号，还可以调整加权系数以使得RF波束形成天线模块104作为相较单独的RF波束形成天线模块104具有增加了的波束形成能力的单个较大的天线阵列执行操作。在一些实施例中，中央波束形成模块106可以将可用的RF波束形成天线模块104划分为子组，其中每个子组可以被单独地引导到不同的方向和/或被用于不同的目的(例如，不同的载波信号频率)。在一些实施例中，正在被发送或接收的信号可以包括多个频率分量并且中央波束形成模块可以被配置为针对信号的多个频率分量中的每个频率分量应用不同的信号调整。
频率上转换和下转换(未示出)可以在发送和接收信号上(分别)被执行以在基带(或IF)和RF之间转换。在优选的实施例中，上/下频率转换可以由被包括在RFIC 212中的模块执行。在一些其它实施例中，频率转换可以由RFIC 212和中央波束形成模块106之间部署的模块执行。
图3示出了与本公开一致的另一典型实施例的框图300。包括中央波束形成模块106的基带处理器304被示出通过数据链路112和控制链路110被耦合到RF波束形成天线模块104的平面阵列302。平面阵列的该示例配置针对二维(例如，方位角和仰角)中的波束引导尤其是有利的。
虽然为了简单起见仅示出了四个RF波束形成天线模块104，但是任意数量的这样的模块104可以被采用以增加总的天线增益和性能。由于RF波束形成天线模块104通过可以以较低的频率(例如，基带或IF)操作的数据链路112被耦合，因此数据链路信号路由的长度不被限制到与天线元件202的供应线路相同的范围，天线元件202的供应线路限制给定模块阵列中的天线元件202的数量。例如，典型的天线阵列RFIC可以被限制到能够提供15-20dB的天线波束增益的8x8天线元件202的阵列尺寸。然而，毫米波区域中的通信可以要求大约30-40dB的天线增益以补偿与频率范围相关联的较高的信号衰减。这样的增益可以通过采用附加的RF波束形成天线模块104被实现。
图4示出了与本公开的一个实施例一致的典型相位调整400。在该图示中，天线波束108被引导在指示的方向中。RF波束形成天线模块104被配置在线性阵列中，并且每个模块104可以对信号执行本地相位调整以在期望的波束方向创建本地相位分布404。中央波束形成模块106可以提供附加的模块间相位调整406以创建期望的复合相位分布402，从而使得穿过RF波束形成天线模块104的天线元件的信号相位被对齐以创建具有较大增益的复合天线阵列。
图5示出了与本公开的另一实施例一致的典型相位调整500。该图示与图4的图示相似，然而RF波束形成天线模块104被配置在圆形阵列中，为了简单起见仅示出了圆形阵列的一半。天线波束108被引导在指示的方向中，并且每个模块104可以对信号执行本地相位调整以在期望的波束方向创建本地相位分布404。再次，中央波束形成模块106可以提供附加的模块间相位调整406以创建期望的复合相位分布402，从而使得穿过RF波束形成天线模块104的天线元件的信号相位被对齐以创建具有较大增益的复合天线阵列。在一些实施例中，RF波束形成天线模块104b(物理地朝向远离期望的波束方向108的方向)可以被中央波束形成模块106控制从而使得它们被关掉或被用于其它目的。
图6示出了与本公开的一个实施例一致的典型波束形成600a和600b。示出的是具有向上指离开阵列的平面的波束的复合天线阵列的侧视图。复合天线阵列的天线孔径可以按线性比例增加到正在被采用的子阵列(例如，RF波束形成天线模块104)的数量。较大的天线孔径与较窄的波束宽度和较高的增益相关联。600a的虚线指示与可能的波束方向和波束宽度(可以与三个单独的子阵列104的每个子阵列合成)相关联的示例部分602、604和606。从三个子阵列形成的复合阵列能够生成3倍窄的波束宽度，并且可以在部分608、610、612内被扫描。扫描可以通过模块间相位的调整被完成，例如，通过由中央波束形成模块106提供的加权系数的调整被完成。
在可选实施例600b中，复合天线阵列可以被配置为贯穿宽的部分(是独立部分614、616和618的组合，每个独立部分由一个子阵列104生成)接收或发送信号。在这种情况下，每个子阵列104被配置为覆盖不同的部分并且中央波束形成模块106对部分一起求和。这可能是有用的，例如，当期望在广泛区域上广播信号时。附加的模块间相位调整可以由中央波束形成模块106提供以穿过复合天线生成准球形(或准圆柱形)相位分布以生成光滑的天线图型。
图7示出了与本公开的另一实施例一致的典型波束形成700a和700b。示出了针对复合天线阵列的形状因数和可选的配置。大体上球形的(或圆柱形的)360度图型702可以用指向相反方向的子阵列104的平行平面获得。三角布置704也可以被采用以提供全方向的覆盖模式。另外，如前所述，窄的波束706可以通过任何部分被引导。波束引导和/或覆盖中的变化可以通过更新加权系数(其导致模式切换和波束引导的增加的速度)被完成。
图8示出了与本公开一致的另一典型实施例的框图800。可选的配置被示出为具有包括端射(end-fire)天线元件202的子阵列模块104。这可以提供天线元件的较大的密度，这是由于它们被线性布置而不是在平面区域上，并且它使得如所示的子阵列模块104的堆叠成为可能。
复合天线阵列的使用通过增加数量的子阵列模块的部署使得信号传输功率的增加成为可能，这与每个子阵列模块上的功率放大器的尺寸的增加相反。这允许功率电平中的松弛和功率放大器的线性要求并且因此允许RFIC模块的制造技术要求中的松弛。因此，在一些实施例中，RFIC模块可以被实施在互补金属氧化物半导体(CMOS)技术中，减少了制造成本。
图9示出了与本公开一致的一个典型实施例的操作900的流程图。在操作910处，与天线元件相关联的相位移动被调整。天线元件被包括在耦合到RF波束形成电路的天线元件的阵列中。调整由RF波束形成电路执行以生成与天线模块相关联的天线波束。天线模块包括天线元件的阵列和RF波束形成电路。在操作920处，中央波束形成模块被耦合到多个天线模块。在操作920处，被耦合到中央波束形成模块的与多个天线模块相关联的天线波束由中央波束形成模块控制。在操作930处，相对于每个天线模块的信号调整被生成。生成由中央波束形成模块执行，从而使得天线模块的天线元件的阵列结合以作为复合天线波束形成阵列进行操作。
图10示出了与本公开的一个典型实施例一致的平台的***框图1000。平台1010可以是移动通信设备，例如，智能电话、平板计算机、膝上型计算设备或被配置为发送或接收无线信号的任何其它设备。在一些实施例中，平台1010可以是无线基站。平台1010可以包括处理器1020、存储器1030、输入/输出(I/O)***1040、无线通信接口1050和模块化天线阵列***102。如前所述，模块化天线阵列***102可以被配置为在期望的方向生成天线波束图型。任何数量的平台1010都可以通过无线网络或任何适当的通信介质发送或接收信号。
本文描述的方法的实施例可以被实施在包括一个或多个存储介质(其上单独或结合存储有指令，当指令被一个或多个处理器执行时执行方法)的***中。因此，处理器可以包括，例如，***CPU(例如，核心处理器)和/或可编程电路。因此，旨在根据本文描述的方法的操作可以穿过诸如处理结构之类的多个物理设备被分布在数个不同的物理位置处。另外，旨在方法操作可以单独或组合被执行，这将被本领域的技术人员所理解。因此，不是每个流程图的所有操作都需要被执行，并且本公开清楚地旨在这样的操作的所有组合是被允许的，这将被本领的普通技术人员所理解。
存储介质可以包括任何类型的有形介质，例如，任何类型的磁盘(包括软盘、光盘、光盘只读存储器(CD-ROM)、可重写光盘(CD-RW)、数字通用光盘(DVD)和磁光盘)、半导体设备(例如，只读存储器(ROM)、诸如动态和静态RAM之类的随机存取存储器(RAM)、可擦除可编程只读存储器(EPROM)、电可擦除可编程只读存储器(EEPROM)、闪速存储器、磁或光卡)、或适用于存储电子指令的任何类型的介质。
如本文任何实施例中所使用的，“电路”例如可以单独地或以任何组合包括硬连接电路、可编程电路、状态机电路、和/或存储由可编程电路执行的指令的固件。应用可以被体现为可以在诸如主机处理器或其它可编程电路之类的可编程电路上被执行的代码或指令。如本文任何实施例中所使用的，模块可以被体现为电路。电路可以被体现为集成电路，例如集成电路芯片。
因此，本公开提供用于使用模块架构的天线阵列波束形成的***、方法和平台以从较小的子阵列天线模块合成较大的复合天线阵列。
***可以包括多个天线模块，每个天线模块包括被耦合到RF波束形成电路的天线元件的阵列，RF波束形成电路被配置为调整与每个天线元件相关联的相位移动以生成与天线模块相关联的天线波束。该示例的***还可以包括被耦合到每个天线模块的中央波束形成模块，中央波束形成模块被配置为控制与每个天线模块相关联的天线波束并且相对每个天线模块生成信号调整，并且天线模块的天线元件的阵列结合以作为复合天线波束形成阵列进行操作。
另一示例***包括前述的组件并且信号调整包括信号幅度调整和信号相位调整。
另一示例***包括前述的组件并且中央波束形成模块是基带处理器、中频处理器和/或RF处理器。
另一示例***包括前述的组件并且中央波束形成模块还被配置为：控制复合天线波束形成阵列以生成复合天线波束，复合天线波束相较与天线模块相关联的天线波束具有更高的增益和更窄的波束宽度。
另一示例***包括前述的组件并且中央波束形成模块还被配置为：控制复合天线波束形成阵列以生成复合天线波束，复合天线波束相较与天线模块相关联的天线波束具有更宽的波束宽度。
另一示例***包括前述的组件并且中央波束形成模块还被配置为：控制复合天线波束形成阵列以生成复合天线波束并且将复合天线波束从第一方向引导到第二方向。
另一示例***包括前述的组件并且中央波束形成模块还被配置为：将复合天线波束形成阵列分割成为多个复合子阵列，每个复合子阵列被配置为生成独立可引导的天线波束。
另一示例***包括前述的组件并且中央波束形成模块还被配置为：应用多个信号调整，每个信号调整与多个信号频率组件中的一个相关联。
另一示例***包括前述的组件并且天线模块被放置在一个或多个平面内，平面相对彼此朝向不同的方向。
另一示例***包括前述的组件并且天线元件和天线模块按线性端射图型被布置。
另一示例***包括前述的组件并且RF波束形成电路是RFIC并且天线模块被配置为在毫米波频率范围内进行操作。
另一示例***包括前述的组件并且天线元件通过微带馈线被耦合到RF波束形成电路。
根据另一方面提供有一种方法。方法可以包括将天线元件的阵列耦合到RF波束形成电路。该示例的方法还可以包括调整与每个天线元件相关联的相位，调整由RF波束形成电路执行以生成天线波束，天线波束与天线模块相关联，天线模块包括天线元件的阵列和RF波束形成电路。该示例的方法还可以包括将中央波束形成模块耦合到多个天线模块。该示例的方法还可以包括控制与每个天线模块相关联的天线波束，控制由中央波束形成模块执行。该示例的方法还可以包括相对每个天线模块生成信号调整，生成由中央波束形成模块执行，并且天线模块的天线元件的阵列结合以作为复合天线波束形成阵列进行操作。
另一示例方法包括前述的操作并且信号调整包括信号幅度调整和信号相位调整。
另一示例方法包括前述的操作并且还包括：控制复合天线波束形成阵列以生成复合天线波束，复合天线波束相较与天线模块相关联的天线波束具有更高的增益和更窄的波束宽度。
另一示例方法包括前述的操作并且还包括：控制复合天线波束形成阵列以生成复合天线波束，复合天线波束相较与天线模块相关联的天线波束具有更宽的波束宽度。
另一示例方法包括前述的操作并且还包括：控制复合天线波束形成阵列以生成复合天线波束并且将复合天线波束从第一方向引导到第二方向。
另一示例方法包括前述的操作并且还包括：将复合天线波束形成阵列分割成为多个复合子阵列，每个复合子阵列被配置为生成独立可引导的天线波束。
另一示例方法包括前述的操作并且还包括：应用多个信号调整，每个信号调整与多个信号频率组件中的一个相关联。
另一示例方法包括前述的操作并且还包括：将天线模块放置在一个或多个平面内并且将平面相对彼此朝向不同的方向。
另一示例方法包括前述的操作并且还包括：将天线元件和天线模块按线性端射图型进行布置。
根据另一方面提供有平台。平台可以包括处理器、被耦合到处理器的输入/输出模块；被耦合到处理器的存储器；以及被耦合到处理器的无线通信接口。该示例的无线通信接口可以包括多个天线模块，每个天线模块包括被耦合到RF波束形成电路的天线元件的阵列，RF波束形成电路被配置为调整与每个天线元件相关联的相位移动以生成与天线模块相关联的天线波束。该示例的无线通信接口还可以包括被耦合到每个天线模块的中央波束形成模块，中央波束形成模块被配置为控制与每个天线模块相关联的天线波束并且相对每个天线模块生成信号调整，并且天线模块的天线元件的阵列结合以作为复合天线波束形成阵列进行操作。
另一示例平台包括前述的组件并且中央波束形成模块还被配置为：控制复合天线波束形成阵列以生成复合天线波束，复合天线波束相较与天线模块相关联的天线波束具有更高的增益和更窄的波束宽度。
另一示例平台包括前述的组件并且中央波束形成模块还被配置为：控制复合天线波束形成阵列以生成复合天线波束，复合天线波束相较与天线模块相关联的天线波束具有更宽的波束宽度。
另一示例平台包括前述的组件并且中央波束形成模块还被配置为：控制复合天线波束形成阵列以生成复合天线波束并且将复合天线波束从第一方向引导到第二方向。
另一示例平台包括前述的组件并且中央波束形成模块还被配置为：将复合天线波束形成阵列分割成为多个复合子阵列，每个复合子阵列被配置为生成独立可引导的天线波束。
另一示例平台包括前述的组件并且中央波束形成模块还被配置为：应用多个信号调整，每个信号调整与多个信号频率组件中的一个相关联。
另一示例平台包括前述的组件并且天线模块被放置在一个或多个平面内，平面相对彼此朝向不同的方向。
另一示例平台包括前述的组件并且天线元件和天线模块按线性端射图型被布置。
另一示例平台包括前述的组件并且RF波束形成电路是RFIC并且天线模块被配置为在毫米波频率范围内进行操作。
另一示例平台包括前述的组件并且平台是智能电话、膝上型计算设备或平板计算机。
另一示例平台包括前述的组件并且平台是无线基站。
本文采用的术语和表达被用作描述且无限制的术语，并且在这样的术语和表达的使用中，没有意图排除被示出和描述的特征(或其中一部分)的任何等同物，并且应该意识到在权利要求的范围内各种修改是可能的。因此，权利要求旨在覆盖所有这样的等同物。本文已经描述了各种特征、方面和实施例。特征、方面和实施例容许互相组合以及变型和修改，这将被本领域的技术人员所理解。因此，本公开应该被认为包含这样的组合、变型和修改。

Claims (32)

1.一种用于天线波束形成的***，所述***包括：
多个天线模块，所述天线模块中的每个包括被耦合到射频RF波束形成电路的天线元件的阵列，所述RF波束形成电路调整与所述天线元件相关联的相位移动以生成与所述天线模块相关联的天线波束；以及
中央波束形成模块，所述中央波束形成模块被耦合到所述天线模块中的每个，并且控制与所述天线模块中的每个相关联的所述天线波束并生成相对于所述天线模块中的每个的信号调整，其中所述天线模块的天线元件的所述阵列结合以作为复合天线波束形成阵列进行操作。
2.如权利要求1所述的***，其中所述信号调整包括信号幅度调整和/或信号相位调整。
3.如权利要求1所述的***，其中所述中央波束形成模块被包括在基带处理器、中频处理器或RF处理器中。
4.如权利要求1-3中的任何一项所述的***，其中所述中央波束形成模块还控制所述复合天线波束形成阵列来生成复合天线波束，所述复合天线波束相较与所述天线模块相关联的所述天线波束具有更高的增益和更窄的波束宽度。
5.如权利要求1-3中的任何一项所述的***，其中所述中央波束形成模块还控制所述复合天线波束形成阵列来生成复合天线波束，所述复合天线波束相较与所述天线模块相关联的所述天线波束具有更宽的波束宽度。
6.如权利要求1所述的***，其中所述中央波束形成模块还控制所述复合天线波束形成阵列来生成复合天线波束并且将所述复合天线波束从第一方向引导到第二方向。
7.如权利要求1所述的***，其中所述中央波束形成模块还将所述复合天线波束形成阵列分割成为多个复合子阵列，每个复合子阵列生成可被独立引导的天线波束。
8.如权利要求1所述的***，其中所述中央波束形成模块还应用多个所述信号调整，所述多个信号调整中的每个信号调整与多个信号频率组件中的一个相关联。
9.如权利要求1所述的***，其中所述天线模块被放置在多个平面内，所述多个平面相对彼此朝向不同的方向。
10.如权利要求1所述的***，其中所述天线元件和/或所述天线模块被以线性端射图型布置。
11.如权利要求1所述的***，其中所述RF波束形成电路是RF集成电路RFIC并且/或者所述天线模块在毫米波频率范围内进行操作。
12.如权利要求1所述的***，其中所述天线元件通过微带馈线被耦合到所述RF波束形成电路。
13.一种用于天线波束形成的方法，所述方法包括：
调整与被包括在被耦合到RF波束形成电路的天线元件的阵列中的天线元件相关联的相位移动，调整由所述RF波束形成电路执行来生成天线波束，所述天线波束与天线模块相关联，所述天线模块包括天线元件的所述阵列和所述RF波束形成电路；
控制与多个所述天线模块的每个天线模块相关联的所述天线波束，所述天线模块被耦合到中央波束形成模块，所述控制由所述中央波束形成模块执行；并且
生成相对于每个所述天线模块的信号调整，生成由所述中央波束形成模块执行，其中所述天线模块的天线元件的所述阵列结合以作为复合天线波束形成阵列进行操作。
14.如权利要求13所述的方法，其中所述信号调整包括信号幅度调整和/或信号相位调整。
15.如权利要求13或14所述的方法，还包括：控制所述复合天线波束形成阵列来生成复合天线波束，所述复合天线波束相较与所述天线模块相关联的所述天线波束具有更高的增益和更窄的波束宽度。
16.如权利要求13或14所述的方法，还包括：控制所述复合天线波束形成阵列来生成复合天线波束，所述复合天线波束相较与所述天线模块相关联的所述天线波束具有更宽的波束宽度。
17.如权利要求13所述的方法，还包括：控制所述复合天线波束形成阵列来生成复合天线波束并且将所述复合天线波束从第一方向引导到第二方向。
18.如权利要求13所述的方法，还包括：将所述复合天线波束形成阵列分割成为多个复合子阵列，每个复合子阵列生成可被独立引导的天线波束。
19.如权利要求13所述的方法，还包括：应用多个所述信号调整，所述多个信号调整的每个信号调整与多个信号频率组件中的一个相关联。
20.如权利要求13所述的方法，还包括：将所述天线模块放置在多个平面内并且将所述平面相对彼此朝向不同的方向。
21.如权利要求13所述的方法，还包括：将所述天线元件和/或所述天线模块以线性端射图型进行布置。
22.一种平台，包括：
处理器；
输入/输出模块，所述输入/输出模块被耦合到所述处理器；
存储器，所述存储器被耦合到所述处理器；以及
无线通信接口，所述无线通信接口被耦合到所述处理器并且包括：
多个天线模块，所述天线模块中的每个包括被耦合到射频RF波束形成电路的天线元件的阵列，所述RF波束形成电路调整与所述天线元件相关联的相位移动以生成与所述天线模块相关联的天线波束；以及
中央波束形成模块，所述中央波束形成模块被耦合到所述天线模块中的每个，并且控制与所述天线模块中的每个相关联的所述天线波束并生成相对于所述天线模块中的每个的信号调整，其中所述天线模块的天线元件的所述阵列结合以作为复合天线波束形成阵列进行操作。
23.如权利要求22所述的平台，其中所述中央波束形成模块还控制所述复合天线波束形成阵列来生成复合天线波束，所述复合天线波束相较与所述天线模块相关联的所述天线波束具有更高的增益和更窄的波束宽度。
24.如权利要求22所述的平台，其中所述中央波束形成模块还控制所述复合天线波束形成阵列来生成复合天线波束，所述复合天线波束相较与所述天线模块相关联的所述天线波束具有更宽的波束宽度。
25.如权利要求22所述的平台，其中所述中央波束形成模块还控制所述复合天线波束形成阵列来生成复合天线波束并且将所述复合天线波束从第一方向引导到第二方向。
26.如权利要求22所述的平台，其中所述中央波束形成模块还将所述复合天线波束形成阵列分割成为多个复合子阵列，每个复合子阵列生成可被独立引导的天线波束。
27.如权利要求22所述的平台，其中所述中央波束形成模块还应用多个所述信号调整，所述多个信号调整的每个信号调整与多个信号频率组件中的一个相关联。
28.如权利要求22所述的平台，其中所述天线模块被放置在多个平面内，所述平面相对彼此朝向不同的方向。
29.如权利要求22所述的平台，其中所述天线元件和/或所述天线模块被以线性端射图型布置。
30.如权利要求22-29中的任何一项所述的平台，其中所述RF波束形成电路被包括在一个或多个RF集成电路RFIC中和/或所述天线模块将在毫米波频率范围内进行操作。
31.如权利要求22-29中的任何一项所述的平台，其中所述平台是智能电话、膝上型计算设备或平板计算机。
32.如权利要求22-29中的任何一项所述的平台，其中所述平台是无线基站。
CN201280076841.XA 2012-12-10 2012-12-10 具有rf和基带波束形成的模块化天线阵列 Pending CN104781984A (zh)

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