CN104777487A - Atmospheric aerosol optical property measuring method and laser radar system - Google Patents
Atmospheric aerosol optical property measuring method and laser radar system Download PDFInfo
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- CN104777487A CN104777487A CN201510205525.3A CN201510205525A CN104777487A CN 104777487 A CN104777487 A CN 104777487A CN 201510205525 A CN201510205525 A CN 201510205525A CN 104777487 A CN104777487 A CN 104777487A
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Abstract
The invention discloses an atmospheric aerosol optical property measuring method and a laser radar system which is high in spectral resolution. By locking the laser emission frequency, the function of the laser radar system which is high in spectral resolution is achieved. According to a Fabry-Perot interference narrowband spectral filter, an aerosol scattering component and a molecular scattering component are separated, the difficulty that in a traditional back scattering laser radar, one radar equation is utilized to invert two unknown quantities, namely a aerosol scattering coefficient and an extinction coefficient is appropriately solved, limitation of the emission laser wavelength do not exist, the measured atmosphere back scattering ratio is high in accuracy, and the relative error is small.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Optical Properties of Aerosol assay method and high spectral resolution lidar system, be specifically related to a kind of by locking laser frequency, ensure the high spectral resolution lidar system based on Fabry-Perot interferometer that interferometer spectrum overlaps with laser spectrum.
Background technology
Atmospheric aerosol refers to suspend solid between 0.001-100 μm of diameter in an atmosphere and liquid particle, and it, by absorb and scattering directly affects the radiation balance of the earth, can change formation and the characteristic of cloud, thus remote effect radiation is transmitted simultaneously.The measurement of optical properties of aerosol has suitable importance for atmospheric research, flux transmission research.In addition, the gasoloid that atmospheric pollution is formed, often containing many objectionable impuritiess even carcinogen, be a kind of microgranular atmosphere pollution larger to harm, therefore atmospheric aerosol is again one of main contents of air monitoring.Visible, gasoloid physics and optical characteristics directly or indirectly will act on the radiation balance of weather, and have very important impact to atmosphere quality and health.Therefore very important meaning is had to aerocolloidal further investigation.
The atmospheric backscatter signal of general laser radar both comprised molecular scattering, also aerocolloidal backscatter signal is comprised, according to the aerocolloidal optical characteristics of laser radar equation inverting, must do and suppose, as needs hypothesis horizontal homogeneity or Aerosol Extinction to the ratio of back scattering along with distance be this condition of constant, cause the uncertainty of inversion result.Laser radar equation is:
Wherein,
for the Received signal strength within the scope of r,
for laser pulse transmits, η is detective quantum efficiency, and A is the area of receiving telescope system,
rfor vertical height,
the geometric overlap factor at laser beam field of view of receiver angle,
cthe light velocity,
tthe laser pulse cycle, β and
the total backscattering coefficient of air and total extinction coefficient respectively, and
Wherein, S1 is aerosol extinction scattering ratio, for a laser radar equation have two unknown numbers (
with
), therefore the hypothesis of Aerosol Extinction to the ratio of backscattering coefficient will be made.Visible, the current method utilizing the aerocolloidal optical characteristics of laser radar equation inverting, exists uncertain.
Existing Mie scattering lidar atmospheric aerosol parameter extracting method, as Klett method, needs the hypothesis of making Lidar Ratios, have impact on the detection accuracy of Aerosol Extinction.HSRL(high spectral resolution lidar based on iodine molecule wave filter), utilize iodine molecule wave filter to the backward scattered high rejection ratio characteristic of gasoloid, separation gas colloidal sol and molecular scattering, thus obtain high-precision atmospheric aerosol and molecular optics parameter profile, but the absorption peak of iodine molecule absorption filter does not exist at a lot of conventional laser frequency place, so that limits its use; Based on the HSRL of Fizeau interference filter, be separated aerosol scattering and atmospheric molecule scattering, solved an ill mathematical problem of lidar measurement optical properties of aerosol, also without the need to supposing Lidar Ratios, but its light energy collection efficiency is low.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to solve the defect existed in prior art, the Optical Properties of Aerosol assay method that a kind of relative error is little is provided, solves the difficulty of use radar equation inverting Aerosol scattering coefficient that traditional back scattering laser radar runs into and extinction coefficient two unknown quantitys.
To achieve these goals, the invention provides a kind of Optical Properties of Aerosol assay method, the method is by being locked in the center of Fabry-Perot interference filter transmission spectral line peak value by laser emission frequency, Laser emission is entered air, utilize Fabry-Perot interference wave filter to receive backscatter signal, be then finally inversed by Atmospheric back-scattering ratio and gasoloid backscattering coefficient according to laser radar equation.
Wherein, the locking of laser emission frequency realizes by the following method: the backscatter signal after described Laser emission enters air is divided into two-way, and a road enters reference channel, and a road enters Fabry-Perot interference wave filter, obtains two-way AD detectable signal; Changed by the ratio of the AD detectable signal of reference channel and the AD detectable signal after Fabry-Perot interference wave filter, carry out FEEDBACK CONTROL shoot laser frequency; The ratio of locking two-way AD detectable signal, makes the centre frequency slow drift of Emission Lasers frequency following Fabry-Perot interference filter transmission spectral line peak value thus locks laser emission frequency.
Present invention also offers a kind of high spectral resolution lidar system, this radar system comprises laser transmitting system, laser receiver system, Photodetection system, data acquisition and analysis system; Laser receiver system comprises telescope, Fabry-Perot interference wave filter, optical receiving system; Described laser transmitting system Emission Lasers, a road enters air, and backscatter signal is received by telescope, and the backscatter signal that another road and described telescope receive merges, and jointly introduces described optical receiving system as the scattered signal received; Described scattered signal is after described optical receiving system, and a road enters reference channel, and a road enters Fabry-Perot interference wave filter, obtains two-way echoed signal respectively; Described two-way echoed signal gathers AD detectable signal and atmospheric scattering signal respectively by the Photodetection system of correspondence; The data of described Photodetection system collection input described data acquisition and analysis system, the ratio of locking two-way AD detectable signal, and are finally inversed by Atmospheric back-scattering ratio and gasoloid backscattering coefficient.
Wherein optical receiving system comprises lens, optical filter, spectroscope; Described scattered signal is successively after scioptics, optical filter, and be divided into two parts through described spectroscope, a part enters described reference channel, and another part enters described Fabry-Perot interference wave filter.
Photodetection system comprises photodetector, AD capture card, photon counting card; The echoed signal that described photoelectric detector is corresponding, after converting it into electric signal, gathers photomultiplier transit signal respectively by AD capture card and photon counting card.
Laser transmitting system comprises seed laser, oscillator and beam expander; Laser is injected described oscillator by described seed laser, then exports after beam expanding lens expands.
Data acquisition and analysis system comprises control system and computing machine; Described computing machine is connected with described Photodetection system, control system respectively; Described control system is connected with described laser transmitting system.
The present invention has the following advantages compared to existing technology: 1, achieve and be effectively separated atmospheric backscatter signal; 2, lock laser frequency, ensure that interferometer spectrum overlaps with laser spectrum; 3, improvement and convenience are brought to the inverting of aerocolloidal backscattering coefficient; 4, the difficulty of use radar equation inverting Aerosol scattering coefficient that traditional back scattering laser radar runs into and extinction coefficient two unknown quantitys is solved; 5, the Atmospheric back-scattering ratio precision measured is high, and relative error is little.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the backward scattered total scattering spectrum of atmospheric molecule and gasoloid;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of high spectral resolution lidar system of the present invention.
In figure, 1-seed laser, 2-oscillator, 3-beam expanding lens, 4-telescope, 5-reference optical fiber, 6-photo-coupler, 7-Signal reception optical fiber, 8-lens, 9-optical filter, 10-spectroscope, 11-photodetector, 12-Fabry-Perot interference light filter, 13-AD capture card, 14-photon counting card, 15-computing machine, 16-control system, 17-air.
Embodiment
We know, the total scattering signal spectrum that telescope receives comprises the Rayleigh scattering signal that atmospheric molecule scattering produces and the Mie scattering signal produced by particulate scattering, and these two kinds of signal spectrum all can regard the center Gaussian linear that width is different in Emission Lasers centre frequency distribution as.Wherein, because atmospheric molecule heat movement speed is very fast, obvious to the dopplerbroadening of laser, therefore molecular scattering spectrum width is also wider, generally in GHz magnitude; Particulate is mainly caused by its Brownian movement the broadening of laser spectrum, and because movement velocity is comparatively slow, broadening is also not obvious, it has been generally acknowledged that aerosol scattering spectrum has the spectral width (about 100MHz) suitable with institute Emission Lasers.Therefore gasoloid signal appears at the center of total scattering spectrum with a very narrow spike.As shown in Figure 1.
HSRL of the present invention then mainly make use of total scattering and composes this feature, when laser frequency tuning, scanning transmission spectral line, laser frequency be scanned up to appropriate location and stop scanning, ratio change according to transmissivity locks laser emission frequency, realizes high spectral resolution lidar systemic-function; By Fabry-Perot interference narrow band spectral filter, aerosol scattering composition and molecular scattering composition are separated, just the difficulty of use radar equation inverting Aerosol scattering coefficient that traditional back scattering laser radar runs into and extinction coefficient two unknown quantitys is solved, and it is not by the restriction of Emission Lasers wavelength, the aerocolloidal Back-scattering ratio precision measured is high, and relative error is little.
As shown in Figure 2, high spectral resolution lidar system of the present invention is using the arrowband Nd:YAG laser instrument that seed laser injects as transmitting illuminant, while Laser emission is entered air, utilize optical fiber that a part of light is introduced Photodetection system, Photodetection system completes the detection of differing heights place atmospheric scattering signal on the one hand, on the other hand laser emission frequency is locked in the center of Fabry-Perot interference filter transmission spectral line peak value.Utilize Fabry-Perot interference wave filter as high spectral resolution filtering device, gasoloid signal penetrant method Fabry-Perot interference wave filter, and molecular signal is all reflected, realize being separated atmospheric molecule backscatter signal and gasoloid backscatter signal, be finally inversed by gasoloid backscattering coefficient by the signal intensity obtained.High spectral resolution lidar system of the present invention is specifically made up of laser transmitting system, laser receiver system, Photodetection system, data acquisition and analysis system.Wherein laser transmitting system comprises seed laser 1, oscillator 2 and beam expanding lens 3; Laser receiver system comprises telescope 4, photo-coupler 6, lens 8, optical filter 9, spectroscope 10 and Fabry-Perot interference wave filter 12; Optical detection system comprises optical detector 11, AD capture card 13 and photon counting card 14; Data acquisition and analysis system comprises computing machine 15 and control system 16.Seed laser 1 Output of laser, successively by after oscillator 2, beam expanding lens 3, is divided into two parts by spectroscope, and a part directly introduces laser receiver system by reference to optical fiber 5, and another part enters air; The laser backscatter signal entering air is received by telescope 4, after photo-coupler 6, is merged by Signal reception optical fiber 7 and the laser energy directly introduced by reference to optical fiber 5, common as the scattered signal received.The scattered signal received collimates through lens 8, optical filter 9 successively, after filtering, through spectroscope 10, part energy enters reference channel as with reference to energy, and another part energy enters Fabry-Perot interference wave filter 12.Light signal, by photomultiplier (photodetector 11), is converted into electric signal by the energy entering reference channel, then utilizes AD capture card 13 and photon counting card 14 to gather photomultiplier transit signal.Computing machine 15 receives the signal collected, (this control system uses 16 D/A signals of 16 PXI6259 data acquisition system (DAS)s of NI company to scan to utilize control system 16 to lock the ratio of two-way AD detectable signal, laser frequency can reach the continuous tuning coverage of 30GHz at a certain longitudinal mode, its thermal tuning speed is-3.1GHz/ DEG C, the temperature being realized laser crystal by impressed voltage is regulated, temperature and voltage corresponding relation are 1 DEG C/V, by the data collecting cards of 16 to seed laser making alive, then can reach very high tuning precision), make the centre frequency slow drift of Emission Lasers frequency following Fabry-Perot interference filter transmission spectral line peak value, thus locking laser emission frequency.Simultaneous computer 15 carries out real-time analysis according to the data gathered, and goes out Atmospheric back-scattering ratio and gasoloid backscattering coefficient according to surveyed data inversion.
The concrete steps using high spectral resolution lidar system of the present invention to carry out Optical Properties of Aerosol mensuration are as follows:
1) system utilize semiconductor pumping, narrow linewidth, continuous print Nd:YAG laser instrument as seed laser be injected in high energy pulse laser oscillator 2 obtain high power, narrow linewidth, 355nm export laser, pulse energy is 20mJ, and repetition frequency is 100Hz.
2) laser of 355nm is after beam expanding lens 3 expands, and the laser energy overwhelming majority of outgoing enters air 17, and sub-fraction laser directly introduces optical receiving system by reference optical fiber 5.
3) laser energy runs into object (air), and interact with object and produce the scattering of different directions, wherein backscatter signal is received by telescope 4.
4) scattered signal that telescope 4 receives receives optical fiber 7 by photo-coupler 6 optically-coupled inlet signal, then merges with the laser energy that reference optical fiber 5 is directly introduced, common as the scattered signal received.
5) the scattered signal light received collimates as directional light through lens 8, utilizes that centre wavelength is 355nm, the narrow band pass filter of bandwidth 0.35nm 9 compressed background light.
6) signal after filtering, after collimation is through spectroscope 10, and part energy is as entering reference channel with reference to energy, and most of energy enters Fabry-Perot system (Fabry-Perot interference wave filter 12).
7) enter the energy of reference channel, by the photomultiplier (photodetector 11) in Photodetection system, light signal is converted into electric signal; Electric signal is divided into two-way, and a road enters peak holding circuit, for transmissivity detection locking frequency; Another portion through being amplified into photon counting card 14 fast, for obtaining gasoloid and molecular scattering signal.
8) pass through the photomultiplier in Photodetection system by Fabry-Perot interference wave filter 12 back echo signal, light signal is converted into electric signal; Then be divided into two-way, a road enters peak holding circuit, for transmissivity detection locking frequency; Another road through being amplified into photon counting card 14 fast, for obtaining aerosol scattering signal.
9) changed by the ratio of the AD detectable signal of reference channel and the AD detectable signal after Fabry-Perot interference wave filter 12, namely the change by monitoring transmissivity carrys out FEEDBACK CONTROL shoot laser frequency, the ratio of locking AD detectable signal, utilizes control system 16(scanner uni temperature to control) make the slow drift of the centre frequency of Emission Lasers frequency following Fabry-Perot interference filter transmission spectral line peak value thus lock laser emission frequency.
10), after laser emission frequency locking, by computing machine 15, the data of collection are carried out real-time analysis, and go out Atmospheric back-scattering ratio and gasoloid backscattering coefficient according to surveyed data inversion.
Claims (7)
1. the assay method of an Optical Properties of Aerosol, it is characterized in that, by laser emission frequency being locked in the center of Fabry-Perot interference filter transmission spectral line peak value, Laser emission is entered air, utilize Fabry-Perot interference wave filter to receive backscatter signal, be then finally inversed by Atmospheric back-scattering ratio and gasoloid backscattering coefficient according to laser radar equation.
2. assay method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the locking of described laser emission frequency realizes by the following method: the backscatter signal after described Laser emission enters air is divided into two-way, one tunnel enters reference channel, one tunnel enters Fabry-Perot interference wave filter, obtains two-way AD detectable signal; Changed by the ratio of the AD detectable signal of reference channel and the AD detectable signal after Fabry-Perot interference wave filter, carry out FEEDBACK CONTROL shoot laser frequency; The ratio of locking two-way AD detectable signal, makes the centre frequency slow drift of Emission Lasers frequency following Fabry-Perot interference filter transmission spectral line peak value thus locks laser emission frequency.
3. adopt a high spectral resolution lidar system for assay method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described radar system comprises laser transmitting system, laser receiver system, Photodetection system, data acquisition and analysis system; Described laser receiver system comprises telescope, Fabry-Perot interference wave filter and optical receiving system; Described laser transmitting system Emission Lasers, a road enters air, and backscatter signal is received by telescope, and the backscatter signal that another road and described telescope receive merges, and jointly introduces described optical receiving system as the scattered signal received; Described scattered signal is after described optical receiving system, and a road enters reference channel, and a road enters Fabry-Perot interference wave filter, obtains two-way echoed signal respectively; Described two-way echoed signal gathers AD detectable signal and atmospheric scattering signal respectively by the Photodetection system of correspondence; The data of described Photodetection system collection input described data acquisition and analysis system, the ratio of locking two-way AD detectable signal, and are finally inversed by Atmospheric back-scattering ratio and gasoloid backscattering coefficient.
4. laser radar system according to claim 3, is characterized in that, described optical receiving system comprises lens, optical filter, spectroscope; Described scattered signal is successively after scioptics, optical filter, and be divided into two parts through described spectroscope, a part enters described reference channel, and another part enters described Fabry-Perot interference wave filter.
5. laser radar system according to claim 3, is characterized in that, described Photodetection system comprises photodetector, AD capture card, photon counting card; The echoed signal that described photoelectric detector is corresponding, after converting it into electric signal, gathers photomultiplier transit signal respectively by AD capture card and photon counting card.
6. laser radar system according to claim 3, is characterized in that, described laser transmitting system comprises seed laser, oscillator and beam expander; Laser is injected described oscillator by described seed laser, then exports after beam expanding lens expands.
7. laser radar system according to claim 3, is characterized in that, described data acquisition and analysis system comprises control system and computing machine; Described computing machine is connected with described Photodetection system, control system respectively; Described control system is connected with described laser transmitting system.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105486664A (en) * | 2015-12-31 | 2016-04-13 | 浙江大学 | Laser radar device and method for detecting marine phytoplankton biomass and POC |
| CN105824018A (en) * | 2016-05-13 | 2016-08-03 | 南京信息工程大学 | System and method for laser speed measurement based on non-injection laser and Etalon |
| CN105974396A (en) * | 2016-06-30 | 2016-09-28 | 南京信息工程大学 | Speed measurement method and system based on double etalons |
| CN106526611A (en) * | 2016-10-31 | 2017-03-22 | 鲁东大学 | Method for measuring ocean inherent optical parameter by using laser radar system |
| CN107192936A (en) * | 2017-07-14 | 2017-09-22 | 山东辰宇稀有材料科技有限公司 | A kind of portable semiconductor minority carrier lifetime tester |
| CN108303706A (en) * | 2018-03-12 | 2018-07-20 | 南京信息工程大学 | A kind of aerosol optical parameter detection method and EO-1 hyperion Airborne Lidar examining system |
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| CN110045391A (en) * | 2019-04-24 | 2019-07-23 | 南京信息工程大学 | A kind of EO-1 hyperion laser radar system for aerosol scale spectrometry |
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| CN112789496A (en) * | 2019-03-29 | 2021-05-11 | 松下知识产权经营株式会社 | Aerosol measuring device and aerosol measuring method |
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