CN104777126A - High-detection-precision sounding apparatus and method for vertical profile of atmospheric CO2 - Google Patents
High-detection-precision sounding apparatus and method for vertical profile of atmospheric CO2 Download PDFInfo
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- CN104777126A CN104777126A CN201510080508.1A CN201510080508A CN104777126A CN 104777126 A CN104777126 A CN 104777126A CN 201510080508 A CN201510080508 A CN 201510080508A CN 104777126 A CN104777126 A CN 104777126A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of sounders and method for detecting high-precision atmosphere CO 2 Vertical Profile, CO2 data acquisition unit and data transmitting unit time-sharing work, data acquisition and control single chip computer distinguish the double-channel data of continuous acquisition 200 times characterization Atmospheric CO2 concentration information after facing light sources modulation (PWM) signal is delayed 200ms, and the data accumulation that acquires in each channel in high and low level and make the difference, it obtains deducting the signal that information rises and falls with ambient noise. Data transmit circuit will include that the GPS positioning data, temperature and humidity pressure meteorologic parameter of spatial position where sonde and the data of characterization CO2 concentration information are emitted to ground, and ground receiver is responsible for the reception of data and data are stored in terminal computer by USB, by
Equivalent absorption degree S is calculated, to obtain additional space height atmosphere CO 2 Vertical Profile by fitting and amendment.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to atmosphere environment supervision and remote sensing fields, specifically a kind of detection high precision Atmospheric CO
2the sounder of Vertical Profile and method.
Background technology
Atmospheric CO
2be a kind of greenhouse gases, play key player in the field such as Radiative Forcing, climate change.Current Atmospheric CO
2the detection means of Vertical Profile mainly contains satellite remote sensing, airborne remote sensing, laser radar and sounding balloon etc.Meteorological sounding balloon is adopted to carry high-performance CO as carrier
2sensor atmospheric sounding CO
2vertical Profile there are other detection means to be beyond one's reach advantage, such as high precision, high resolving power, non-blind area (without zone of transition) etc.Atmospheric CO
2high resolving power vertical distribution (profile) data and variation characteristic thereof, have very important value to National Security Strategy high technology development researchs such as Pollutant Dispersion Law and transport path, satellite remote sensing of the earth and space technologies.Atmospheric CO simultaneously
2the basic data that space distribution is atmospheric climate Changeement (as climatic model and modeling effort), environmental change is assessed.At present to Atmospheric CO
2source converge distribution and the understanding of change in time and space thereof and also there is great uncertainty, research CO
2sources and sinks and the variation tendency of concentration of carbon require high detection accuracy.China is as the meteorological big country of in member state of World Meteorological Organization (WMO), to the instrument of independent intellectual property right and equipment, there is very large demand in vertical space field of detecting, but also there is very large gap at this type of detection instrument with in core technology (comprising observation procedure and the algorithm) research of equipment compared with World Developed Countries in our country.
At present, high precision Atmospheric CO is detected
2sounder and the technique study of Vertical Profile are less, the system reported or complicated structure or price comparison expensive, or the detection accuracy obtained is also lower.The technical problem to be solved in the present invention for overcoming weak point of the prior art, propose a kind of practical, intelligence degree high, easy to use for Atmospheric CO
2the system of Vertical Profile detection and method thereof.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of detection high precision Atmospheric CO
2the sounder of Vertical Profile and method, can realize Atmospheric CO
2measurement, to solve the problems such as measuring accuracy in prior art is low, cost is high, volume is large.
In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
A kind of detection high precision Atmospheric CO
2the sounder of Vertical Profile, is characterized in that: comprise Atmospheric CO
2measuring unit, data transmitter unit, data receipt unit, wherein:
Atmospheric CO
2measuring unit comprises the optics air chamber of cylindrical stainless-steel tube structure, the data acquisition built by single-chip microcomputer and control circuit board, filtrator, air pump, flowmeter, lithium battery group, in optics air chamber, one end is provided with infrared light supply, in optics air chamber, the other end is provided with binary channels infrared eye, one end that optics air chamber is provided with binary channels infrared eye is also provided with gas outlet, one end that optics air chamber is provided with infrared light supply is also provided with air intake opening, described air pump air intake opening is connected with external air source by filtrator, air pump gas outlet is connected with flowmeter air intake opening, flowmeter gas outlet is connected with optics air inlet of air chamber, described data acquisition is connected to send drive singal by light source driving circuit with infrared light supply in optics air chamber with control circuit board, data acquisition is connected with binary channels infrared eye in optics air chamber by filtering and amplifying circuit with control circuit board, data acquisition and control circuit board are also connected with the communication of data transmitter unit, described lithium battery group supplies power to Atmospheric CO
2measuring unit, data transmitter unit,
Data transmitter unit comprises radiating circuit plate, radiating circuit plate has access to GPS module, temperature and humidity pressure module, emitting antenna, Atmospheric CO
2in measuring unit, data acquisition is connected with the communication of radiating circuit plate with control circuit board;
Data receipt unit comprises computing machine, the receiver of access computing machine, the receiving antenna of access receiver, and the computing machine of data receipt unit is connected with the communication of data transmitter unit by receiver, receiving antenna.
Described one detection high precision Atmospheric CO
2the sounder of Vertical Profile, is characterized in that: Atmospheric CO
2in measuring unit, in optics air chamber, infrared source working is under pulsed modulation mode, and operating voltage is between 5.7V ~ 6.3V;
In optics air chamber, on binary channels infrared eye, different passage is equipped with the different optical filter of centre wavelength, and wherein filter center wavelength is 4.26 μm of corresponding CO
2strong absorbing path, another channel filter centre wavelength be 3.91 μm as with reference to passages, Atmospheric CO
2gas does not absorb at this wave band;
The feeble signal that filtering and amplifying circuit exports binary channels detection is amplified, filtering, and enlargement factor is 10
4~ 10
5magnitude;
Light source driving circuit produces the pulse square wave that frequency is 1Hz, amplitude is 6V, dutycycle is 50% and drives infrared light supply;
Data acquisition and control circuit board are built by super low power consuming single chip processor MSP430F149 and form, the CO after amplification filtering and P6.4, P6.5 pin of single-chip microcomputer MSP430F149 connects one to one respectively
2strong absorbing path and reference channel, the P5.4 pin of single-chip microcomputer MSP430F149 connects the trigger end of light source driving circuit, the P3.4 pin data output end of single-chip microcomputer is connected with the radiating circuit plate of data transmitter unit, the timer A of single-chip microcomputer MSP430F149 produces timing 0.5s and produces interruption, generation frequency is 1s, dutycycle is the pwm signal of 50%, single-chip microcomputer MSP430F149 adopts built-in 12 analog to digital converters to realize the data acquisition of two passages, and sampling pattern adopts sequence of channels single conversion pattern.
Described one detection high precision Atmospheric CO
2the sounder of Vertical Profile, it is characterized in that: in data transmitter unit, temperature and humidity pressure module is for measuring the meteorologic parameter in residing environment, and temperature sensor adopts thermistor, baroceptor adopts silicon pressure group module, and humidity sensor adopts humicap module;
GPS module, for receiving gps satellite signal, determines the three-dimensional coordinate of sounder present position in real time;
The meteorologic parameter that the positioning signal that radiating circuit plate receives GPS module, temperature and humidity pressure module are measured and Atmospheric CO
2the Atmospheric CO that measuring unit is measured
2concentration signal converts unified binary code form to so that transmission, radiating circuit plate carries out FSK modulation and power amplification to the binary code data converting Unified coding to, ensures that the radio-frequency power carried to the emitting antenna of data transmitter unit reaches 150 ~ 200mW.
Described one detection high precision Atmospheric CO
2the sounder of Vertical Profile, is characterized in that: in data receipt unit, and computing machine is responsible for the storage of data and inverting, display; Receiver achieves a butt joint, and the binary code data received carry out FSK demodulation, the shaping circuit of receiver inside restores the binary code of Transistor-Transistor Logic level, complete data conversion be sent to terminal computer with the speed of 9600 baud rates through USB port by the microcontroller of receiver inside.
A kind of detection high precision Atmospheric CO
2the sounding method of Vertical Profile, it is characterized in that: the method adopting noise such as deduction fluctuating signal and electronics etc., under frequency modulating signal is 1Hz situation, during high level 0.5s, again AD conversion is carried out to two passages after postponing 200ms, two passages are respectively sampled 200 times and keeps in cumulative, note I
a_H200for CO
2the signal cumulative sum that strong absorbing path gathers at PWM modulation signal high level, I
r_H200for the signal cumulative sum that reference channel gathers at PWM modulation signal high level; 0.5s between low period, carries out AD conversion to two passages after carrying out the time delay of 200ms equally, respectively samples 200 times and keep in cumulative to two passages, note I
a_L200for CO
2the signal cumulative sum that strong absorbing path gathers in PWM modulation signal low level, I
r_L200for the signal cumulative sum that reference channel gathers in PWM modulation signal low level; Data acquisition and control circuit board do difference to above-mentioned four cumulative sums, obtain I
a=I
a_H200-I
a_L200with I
r=I
r_H200-I
r_L200, obtain noise such as deduction fluctuating signal and electronics etc. in 1s and characterize Atmospheric CO
2the data of concentration signal.
Described detection high precision Atmospheric CO
2the sounding method of Vertical Profile, is characterized in that: adopt the mode of time-sharing work to avoid data transmitter to Atmospheric CO
2the impact of metering circuit, at CO
2when metering circuit carries out data acquisition, data transmitter quits work, CO
2after metering circuit gathers, produce one and launch synchronization pulse to data transmitter, after data transmitter receives this pulse signal, transmitter is started working and is realized data transmitting, data battery has fired, and transmitter quits work automatically, wait for that next launches synchronization pulse, such CO
2metering circuit and data transmitter time-sharing work, the method makes data transmit the bit error rate and is reduced to 10
-4below.
Described detection high precision Atmospheric CO
2the sounding method of Vertical Profile, is characterized in that: the density calculating method of employing, Atmospheric CO
2equivalent absorption degree be
wherein S dimensionless, at equivalent absorption cross section σ
*when certain with air chamber length L, CO in S and atmospheric environment
2concentration c be directly proportional,
be a constant, CO during by passing into zero gas in optics air chamber
2strong absorbing path I
0Awith reference channel output signal I
0Rcalculate; Therefore, in normal measurement process, pass through CO
2strong absorbing path signal I
awith reference channel signal I
requivalent absorption degree can be calculated, thus can Atmospheric CO be simulated
2concentration value.
Described detection high precision Atmospheric CO
2the sounding method of Vertical Profile, is characterized in that: calculate Atmospheric CO on differing heights by the temperature of HITRAN data and actual measurement, pressure data
2absorption cross section, and equivalent absorption cross section and then result of detection is revised.
Described detection high precision Atmospheric CO
2the sounding method of Vertical Profile, is characterized in that: the detection accuracy of method estimation device by experiment, measures and obtain CO 200 times between the low period of modulated light source signal
2the signal cumulative sum of strong absorbing path and reference channel is respectively I
a_L200, I
r_L200, because now light source no current flows through, be namely unglazedly irradiated to detector end, now because real system exists various noise, the equivalent absorption degree now calculated
can shake near null value, this shake is called the intrinsic noise of device, and this noise determines the precision of device, if now the standard deviation of equivalent absorption degree S is △ δ; During the high and low level of modulated light source signal, measure 200 times respectively, and draw CO
2now equivalent absorption degree is calculated after the signal net change of strong absorbing path and reference channel
now the relative modulation signal of S variable quantity of result of calculation between low period is set to δ, then at supposition equivalent absorption cross section σ
*atmospheric CO when constant with optics air chamber L
2the relative error of concentration is
under sounding equipment sending data temporal resolution is the condition of 2s, calculating relative error is 0.29%, supposes the CO of atmospheric environment reality
2content is that in 400ppm situation, then system is for Atmospheric CO
2measuring accuracy be 1.16ppm.
The present invention's advantage is compared with prior art as follows: 1, to CO in atmospheric environment
2concentration routine measurement, precision is high, can obtain Atmospheric CO
2space distribution, at bad environments, the place that the mankind not easily enter, can remote measurement.2, compact conformation of the present invention, lightweight, and adopt powered battery, the longest Measuring Time reaches more than 10 hours.3, can be equipped on the unmanned plane of miniaturization, for the following Atmospheric CO of atmospheric boundary layer
2and the remote measurement of meteorologic parameter.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is apparatus of the present invention structural representation.
Fig. 2 is Atmospheric CO
2measuring unit data acquisition moment and modulation of source signal relation schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is Atmospheric CO
2measuring unit data acquisition and data transmitter unit time-sharing work sequential chart.
Fig. 4 is this sounder error of calculation schematic diagram.
Fig. 5 is this sounder ground experiment result and LI-COR LI-7500 comparing result.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of detection high precision Atmospheric CO
2the sounder of Vertical Profile, comprises Atmospheric CO
2measuring unit 1, data transmitter unit 2, data receipt unit 3, wherein:
Atmospheric CO
2measuring unit 1 comprises the optics air chamber 16 of cylindrical stainless-steel tube structure, the data acquisition built by single-chip microcomputer and control circuit board 18, filtrator 12, air pump 13, flowmeter 14, lithium battery group 11, in optics air chamber 16, one end is provided with infrared light supply 15, in optics air chamber 16, the other end is provided with binary channels infrared eye 17, one end that optics air chamber 16 is provided with binary channels infrared eye 17 is also provided with gas outlet, one end that optics air chamber 16 is provided with infrared light supply 15 is also provided with air intake opening, air pump 13 air intake opening is connected with external air source by filtrator 12, air pump 13 gas outlet is connected with flowmeter 14 air intake opening, flowmeter 14 gas outlet is connected with optics air chamber 16 air intake opening, data acquisition is connected to send drive singal with infrared light supply 15 in optics air chamber 16 by light source driving circuit with control circuit board 18, data acquisition is connected with binary channels infrared eye 17 in optics air chamber 16 by filtering and amplifying circuit with control circuit board 18, data acquisition and control circuit board 18 are also connected with data transmitter unit 2 communication, lithium battery group 11 supplies power to Atmospheric CO
2measuring unit 1, data transmitter unit 2,
Data transmitter unit 2 comprises radiating circuit plate 23, radiating circuit plate 23 has access to GPS module 21, temperature and humidity pressure module 22, emitting antenna 24, Atmospheric CO
2in measuring unit 1, data acquisition is connected with radiating circuit plate 23 communication with control circuit board 18;
Data receipt unit 3 comprises computing machine 31, the receiver 32 of access computing machine 31, the receiving antenna 33 of access receiver 32, and the computing machine 31 of data receipt unit 3 is connected with data transmitter unit 2 communication by receiver 32, receiving antenna 33.
Atmospheric CO
2in measuring unit 1, under in optics air chamber 16, infrared light supply 15 is operated in pulsed modulation mode, operating voltage is between 5.7V ~ 6.3V;
In optics air chamber 16, on binary channels infrared eye 17, different passage is equipped with the different optical filter of centre wavelength, and wherein filter center wavelength is 4.26 μm of corresponding CO
2strong absorbing path, another channel filter centre wavelength be 3.91 μm as with reference to passages, Atmospheric CO
2gas does not absorb at this wave band;
The ultra-weak electronic signal that filtering and amplifying circuit exports binary channels detection amplifies, filtering, requires that enlargement factor is 10
4~ 10
5magnitude;
Light source driving circuit work produces the pulse square wave that frequency is 1Hz, amplitude is 6V, dutycycle is 50% and drives infrared light supply;
Data acquisition and control circuit board 18 are built by super low power consuming single chip processor MSP430F149 and form, and P6.4, P6.5 pin of the single-chip microcomputer MSP430F149 CO of one_to_one corresponding reception after amplification filtering respectively
2strong absorbing path and reference channel, the P5.4 pin of single-chip microcomputer MSP430F149 connects the trigger end of light source driving circuit, the P3.4 pin data output end of single-chip microcomputer is connected with the radiating circuit plate 23 of data transmitter unit, the timer A of single-chip microcomputer MSP430F149 produces timing 0.5s and produces interruption, generation frequency is 1s, dutycycle is the pwm signal of 50%, single-chip microcomputer MSP430F149 adopts built-in 12 analog to digital converters to realize the data acquisition of two passages, and sampling pattern adopts sequence of channels single conversion pattern.
In data transmitter unit 2, temperature and humidity pressure module 22 is for measuring the meteorologic parameter in residing environment, and temperature sensor adopts thermistor, and baroceptor adopts silicon pressure group module, and humidity sensor adopts humicap module;
GPS module 21, for receiving gps satellite signal, determines the elements of a fix in space residing for sounder in real time;
The meteorologic parameter that the positioning signal that radiating circuit plate 23 pairs of GPS module 21 receive, temperature and humidity pressure module 22 are measured and Atmospheric CO
2the Atmospheric CO that measuring unit is measured
2concentration signal converts unified binary code form to and is convenient to transmission, radiating circuit plate 23 carries out FSK modulation and power amplification to the binary code data converting Unified coding to, ensures that the radio-frequency power carried to the emitting antenna 24 of data transmitter unit 2 reaches 150 ~ 200mW.
In data receipt unit 3, terminal computer 31 is responsible for the storage of data and inverting, display; Receiver 32 achieves a butt joint, and the binary code data received carry out FSK demodulation, the shaping circuit of receiver 32 inside restores the binary code of Transistor-Transistor Logic level, complete data conversion be sent to terminal computer 31 with the speed of 9600 baud rates through USB port by the microcontroller of receiver 32 inside.
A kind of detection high precision Atmospheric CO
2the sounding method of Vertical Profile, adopts the method for deduction fluctuating signal and Electronics noice, see Fig. 2.Fig. 2 gives CO
2strong absorbing path gathers moment and modulation signal relation schematic diagram.For the operation that reference channel is also similar.Under frequency modulating signal is 1Hz situation, during high level 0.5s, postpone to carry out AD conversion again after the infrared radiations such as 200ms are stablized, two passages are respectively sampled 200 times and keeps in cumulative, note I
a_H200for CO
2the signal cumulative sum that strong absorbing path gathers at PWM modulation signal high level, I
r_H200for the signal cumulative sum that reference channel gathers at PWM modulation signal high level; 0.5s between low period, carries out AD conversion after carrying out 200ms time delay equally, respectively samples 200 times and keep in cumulative to two passages, note I
a_L200for CO
2the signal cumulative sum that strong absorbing path gathers in PWM modulation signal low level, I
r_L200for the signal cumulative sum that reference channel gathers in PWM modulation signal low level; Data acquisition and control circuit board do difference to above-mentioned four cumulative sums, obtain I
a=I
a_H200-I
a_L200with I
r=I
r_H200-I
r_L200, obtain noise such as deduction fluctuating signal and electronics etc. in 1s and characterize Atmospheric CO
2the data of concentration signal, thus high detection accuracy.
The mode of time-sharing work is adopted to avoid data transmitter to Atmospheric CO
2the impact of metering circuit, see Fig. 3.CO
2metering circuit gathers, at CO according to the situation of accompanying drawing 2 respectively during the low and high level of modulation of source signal
2when metering circuit carries out data acquisition, as Fig. 3 (a), data transmitter quits work, CO
2after metering circuit gathers, produce one and launch synchronization pulse (as Fig. 3 (b)) to data transmitter, after data transmitter receives this pulse signal, transmitter is started working and is realized data transmitting (as Fig. 3 (c)), data battery has fired, transmitter quits work, and waits for that next launches synchronization pulse, CO
2metering circuit and data transmitter time-sharing work, make data transmission error rate be reduced to 10
-4below.
The density calculating method adopted, Atmospheric CO
2equivalent absorption degree be
wherein S dimensionless, at equivalent absorption cross section σ
*when certain with air chamber length L, CO in S and atmospheric environment
2concentration c be directly proportional,
be a constant, strong absorbing path I during by passing into zero gas in optics air chamber
0Awith reference channel output signal I
0Rcalculate; Therefore, by strong absorbing path signal I
awith reference channel signal I
requivalent absorption degree can be calculated, thus simulate Atmospheric CO
2concentration value.
Atmospheric CO on differing heights is calculated by the temperature pressure data of HITRAN data and actual measurement
2absorption cross section, and equivalent absorption cross section and then result of detection is revised.
The detection accuracy of method estimation device by experiment, see Fig. 4.Between the low period of modulated light source signal, measure the signal cumulative sum obtaining strong absorbing path and reference channel for 200 times be respectively I
a_L200, I
r_L200, because now light source no current flows through, be namely unglazedly irradiated to detector end, now because real system exists various noise, the equivalent absorption degree now calculated
(a section as Fig. 4) can shake near null value, and this shake is called the intrinsic noise of device, and this noise determines the precision of device, if now the standard deviation of equivalent absorption degree S is △ δ; During the high and low level of modulated light source signal, measure 200 times respectively, and calculate now equivalent absorption degree after drawing the signal net change of strong absorbing path and reference channel
(the b section as Fig. 4), now the relative modulation signal of S variable quantity of result of calculation between low period is set to δ, then at supposition equivalent absorption cross section σ
*atmospheric CO when constant with optics air chamber L
2the relative error of concentration is
under sounding equipment sending data temporal resolution is the condition of 2s, calculating relative error is 0.29%, supposes the CO of atmospheric environment reality
2content is that in 400ppm situation, then system is for Atmospheric CO
2measuring accuracy be 1.16ppm.
In the present invention, Atmospheric CO
2after data acquisition in measuring unit 1 and control circuit board 18 power on, single-chip microcomputer on data acquisition and control circuit board 18 carries out system initialization, single-chip microcomputer timer produces timer A and interrupts, producing dutycycle is 50%, frequency be 1Hz PWM driving data data acquisition and controlling circuit board 18 on light source driving circuit, on data acquisition and control circuit board 18, light source driving circuit produces amplitude is 6V, empty than being 50%, frequency is that the voltage signal of 1Hz drives infrared light supply 15, infrared light supply 15 is under the effect of driving voltage, produce infrared radiation, infrared radiating light with through filtrator 12, air pump 13, the gas that flowmeter 14 is pumped into optics air chamber 16 produces interaction, through Atmospheric CO
2after absorption, remaining light intensity is irradiated to both-end infrared eye 17, the corresponding Atmospheric CO of one of them passage of infrared eye 17
2strong absorption (4.26 μm) passage, another passage (3.91 μm) plays the effect of reference and compensation.The feeble signal that infrared eye 17 exports is amplified in data acquisition and control circuit board 18 and filtering circuit magnification at high multiple, after filtering, after delay-modulated signal a period of time, data conversion is carried out by 12 AD that single-chip microcomputer is built-in by the single-chip microcomputer in data acquisition and control circuit board 18, two passages gather 200 times respectively during the high and low level of PWM modulation signal, and the image data of 200 times is added up, note I
a_H200for the signal cumulative sum that strong absorbing path gathers at modulation signal high level, I
a_L200for the signal cumulative sum that strong absorbing path gathers in modulation signal low level, I
r_H200for the signal cumulative sum that reference channel gathers at modulation signal high level, I
r_L200for the signal cumulative sum that reference channel gathers in modulation signal low level, the single-chip microcomputer on data acquisition and control circuit board 18 does difference to above-mentioned four cumulative sums, obtains I
a=I
a_H200-I
a_L200with I
r=I
r_H200-I
r_L200, by the single-chip microcomputer in data acquisition and control circuit board 18 by I
awith I
rsend the data radiating circuit plate 23 in data transmitter unit 2 to, single-chip microcomputer on data acquisition and control circuit board 18 produces a transmitting synchronizing signal to the data radiating circuit plate 23 in data transmitter unit 2 simultaneously, after data radiating circuit plate 23 in data transmitter unit 2 receives this signal, corresponding GPS positioning signal, temperature and humidity pressure meteorologic parameter and sign Atmospheric CO spatially will be merged
2ground is transmitted into through FSK modulation, power amplification after concentration signal.Receiver 32 data be responsible for receiving of ground receiver unit 3 are carried out demodulation and change, and be sent to the terminal computer 31 of ground receiver unit 3 by USB, the terminal computer 31 of ground receiver unit 3 realizes Atmospheric CO
2the storage of concentration and the function such as inverting, display.Fig. 5 is this device result of detection and imported L I-COR LI7500CO on the ground
2analyser comparison diagram.This device can not only obtain Atmospheric CO in respective heights
2concentration signal, further comprises air meteorologic parameter, and the wind speed and direction on additional space height can also be calculated by GPS location signal, there is important science and research, using value.
Obvious those skilled in the art can to one detection high precision Atmospheric CO of the present invention
2the sounder of Vertical Profile and method are carried out various change and modification and are not departed from the spirit and scope of the present invention.Like this, if these amendments of the present invention and modification belong within the scope of the claims in the present invention and equivalent technologies thereof, then the present invention is also intended to comprise these change and modification.
Claims (9)
1. a detection high precision Atmospheric CO
2the sounder of Vertical Profile, is characterized in that: comprise Atmospheric CO
2measuring unit, data transmitter unit, data receipt unit, wherein:
Atmospheric CO
2measuring unit comprises the optics air chamber of cylindrical stainless-steel tube structure, the data acquisition built by single-chip microcomputer and control circuit board, filtrator, air pump, flowmeter, lithium battery group, in optics air chamber, one end is provided with infrared light supply, in optics air chamber, the other end is provided with binary channels infrared eye, one end that optics air chamber is provided with binary channels infrared eye is also provided with gas outlet, one end that optics air chamber is provided with infrared light supply is also provided with air intake opening, described air pump air intake opening is connected with external air source by filtrator, air pump gas outlet is connected with flowmeter air intake opening, flowmeter gas outlet is connected with optics air inlet of air chamber, described data acquisition is connected to send drive singal by light source driving circuit with infrared light supply in optics air chamber with control circuit board, data acquisition is connected with binary channels infrared eye in optics air chamber by filtering and amplifying circuit with control circuit board, data acquisition and control circuit board are also connected with the communication of data transmitter unit, described lithium battery group supplies power to Atmospheric CO
2measuring unit, data transmitter unit,
Data transmitter unit comprises radiating circuit plate, radiating circuit plate has access to GPS module, temperature and humidity pressure module, emitting antenna, Atmospheric CO
2in measuring unit, data acquisition is connected with the communication of radiating circuit plate with control circuit board;
Data receipt unit comprises computing machine, the receiver of access computing machine, the receiving antenna of access receiver, and the computing machine of data receipt unit is connected with the communication of data transmitter unit by receiver, receiving antenna.
2. one detection high precision Atmospheric CO according to claim 1
2the sounder of Vertical Profile, is characterized in that: Atmospheric CO
2in measuring unit, in optics air chamber, infrared source working is under pulsed modulation mode, and operating voltage is between 5.7V ~ 6.3V;
In optics air chamber, on binary channels infrared eye, different passage is equipped with the different optical filter of centre wavelength, and wherein filter center wavelength is 4.26 μm of corresponding CO
2strong absorbing path, another channel filter centre wavelength be 3.91 μm as with reference to passages, Atmospheric CO
2gas does not absorb at this wave band;
The feeble signal that filtering and amplifying circuit exports binary channels detection is amplified, filtering, and enlargement factor is 10
4~ 10
5magnitude;
Light source driving circuit produces the pulse square wave that frequency is 1Hz, amplitude is 6V, dutycycle is 50% and drives infrared light supply;
Data acquisition and control circuit board are built by super low power consuming single chip processor MSP430F149 and form, the CO after amplification filtering and P6.4, P6.5 pin of single-chip microcomputer MSP430F149 connects one to one respectively
2strong absorbing path and reference channel, the P5.4 pin of single-chip microcomputer MSP430F149 connects the trigger end of light source driving circuit, the P3.4 pin data output end of single-chip microcomputer is connected with the radiating circuit plate of data transmitter unit, the timer A of single-chip microcomputer MSP430F149 produces timing 0.5s and produces interruption, generation frequency is 1s, dutycycle is the pwm signal of 50%, single-chip microcomputer MSP430F149 adopts built-in 12 analog to digital converters to realize the data acquisition of two passages, and sampling pattern adopts sequence of channels single conversion pattern.
3. one detection high precision Atmospheric CO according to claim 1
2the sounder of Vertical Profile, it is characterized in that: in data transmitter unit, temperature and humidity pressure module is for measuring the meteorologic parameter in residing environment, and temperature sensor adopts thermistor, baroceptor adopts silicon pressure group module, and humidity sensor adopts humicap module;
GPS module, for receiving gps satellite signal, determines the three-dimensional coordinate of sounder present position in real time;
The meteorologic parameter that the positioning signal that radiating circuit plate receives GPS module, temperature and humidity pressure module are measured and Atmospheric CO
2the Atmospheric CO that measuring unit is measured
2concentration signal converts unified binary code form to so that transmission, radiating circuit plate carries out FSK modulation and power amplification to the binary code data converting Unified coding to, ensures that the radio-frequency power carried to the emitting antenna of data transmitter unit reaches 150 ~ 200mW.
4. one detection high precision Atmospheric CO according to claim 1
2the sounder of Vertical Profile, is characterized in that: in data receipt unit, and computing machine is responsible for the storage of data and inverting, display; Receiver achieves a butt joint, and the binary code data received carry out FSK demodulation, the shaping circuit of receiver inside restores the binary code of Transistor-Transistor Logic level, complete data conversion be sent to terminal computer with the speed of 9600 baud rates through USB port by the microcontroller of receiver inside.
5. the detection high precision Atmospheric CO based on sounder described in claim 1
2the sounding method of Vertical Profile, it is characterized in that: the method adopting noise such as deduction fluctuating signal and electronics etc., under frequency modulating signal is 1Hz situation, during high level 0.5s, again AD conversion is carried out to two passages after postponing 200ms, two passages are respectively sampled 200 times and keeps in cumulative, note I
a_H200for CO
2the signal cumulative sum that strong absorbing path gathers at PWM modulation signal high level, I
r_H200for the signal cumulative sum that reference channel gathers at PWM modulation signal high level; 0.5s between low period, carries out AD conversion to two passages after carrying out the time delay of 200ms equally, respectively samples 200 times and keep in cumulative to two passages, note I
a_L200for CO
2the signal cumulative sum that strong absorbing path gathers in PWM modulation signal low level, I
r_L200for the signal cumulative sum that reference channel gathers in PWM modulation signal low level; Data acquisition and control circuit board do difference to above-mentioned four cumulative sums, obtain I
a=I
a_H200-I
a_L200with I
r=I
r_H200-I
r_L200, obtain noise such as deduction fluctuating signal and electronics etc. in 1s and characterize Atmospheric CO
2the data of concentration signal.
6. detection high precision Atmospheric CO according to claim 5
2the sounding method of Vertical Profile, is characterized in that: adopt the mode of time-sharing work to avoid data transmitter to Atmospheric CO
2the impact of metering circuit, at CO
2when metering circuit carries out data acquisition, data transmitter quits work, CO
2after metering circuit gathers, produce one and launch synchronization pulse to data transmitter, after data transmitter receives this pulse signal, transmitter is started working and is realized data transmitting, data battery has fired, and transmitter quits work automatically, wait for that next launches synchronization pulse, such CO
2metering circuit and data transmitter time-sharing work, the method makes data transmit the bit error rate and is reduced to 10
-4below.
7. detection high precision Atmospheric CO according to claim 5
2the sounding method of Vertical Profile, is characterized in that: the density calculating method of employing, Atmospheric CO
2equivalent absorption degree be
wherein S dimensionless, at equivalent absorption cross section σ
*when certain with air chamber length L, CO in S and atmospheric environment
2concentration c be directly proportional,
be a constant, CO during by passing into zero gas in optics air chamber
2strong absorbing path I
0Awith reference channel output signal I
0Rcalculate; Therefore, in normal measurement process, pass through CO
2strong absorbing path signal I
awith reference channel signal I
requivalent absorption degree can be calculated, thus can Atmospheric CO be simulated
2concentration value.
8. detection high precision Atmospheric CO according to claim 5
2the sounding method of Vertical Profile, is characterized in that: calculate Atmospheric CO on differing heights by the temperature of HITRAN data and actual measurement, pressure data
2absorption cross section, and equivalent absorption cross section and then result of detection is revised.
9. detection high precision Atmospheric CO according to claim 5
2the sounding method of Vertical Profile, is characterized in that: the detection accuracy of method estimation device by experiment, measures and obtain CO 200 times between the low period of modulated light source signal
2the signal cumulative sum of strong absorbing path and reference channel is respectively I
a_L200, I
r_L200, because now light source no current flows through, be namely unglazedly irradiated to detector end, now because real system exists various noise, the equivalent absorption degree now calculated
can shake near null value, this shake is called the intrinsic noise of device, and this noise determines the precision of device, if now the standard deviation of equivalent absorption degree S is Δ δ; During the high and low level of modulated light source signal, measure 200 times respectively, and draw CO
2now equivalent absorption degree is calculated after the signal net change of strong absorbing path and reference channel
now the relative modulation signal of S variable quantity of result of calculation between low period is set to δ, then at supposition equivalent absorption cross section σ
*atmospheric CO when constant with optics air chamber L
2the relative error of concentration is
under sounding equipment sending data temporal resolution is the condition of 2s, calculating relative error is 0.29%, supposes the CO of atmospheric environment reality
2content is that in 400ppm situation, then system is for Atmospheric CO
2measuring accuracy be 1.16ppm.
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