CN104776180B - 一种无自旋无级变速单元 - Google Patents

一种无自旋无级变速单元 Download PDF

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CN104776180B
CN104776180B CN201510153818.1A CN201510153818A CN104776180B CN 104776180 B CN104776180 B CN 104776180B CN 201510153818 A CN201510153818 A CN 201510153818A CN 104776180 B CN104776180 B CN 104776180B
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CN104776180A (zh
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李青涛
李华
姚进
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Sichuan University
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H15/00—Gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio, or for reversing rotary motion, by friction between rotary members
    • F16H15/02—Gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio, or for reversing rotary motion, by friction between rotary members without members having orbital motion
    • F16H15/04—Gearings providing a continuous range of gear ratios
    • F16H15/06—Gearings providing a continuous range of gear ratios in which a member A of uniform effective diameter mounted on a shaft may co-operate with different parts of a member B
    • F16H15/32—Gearings providing a continuous range of gear ratios in which a member A of uniform effective diameter mounted on a shaft may co-operate with different parts of a member B in which the member B has a curved friction surface formed as a surface of a body of revolution generated by a curve which is neither a circular arc centered on its axis of revolution nor a straight line
    • F16H15/36—Gearings providing a continuous range of gear ratios in which a member A of uniform effective diameter mounted on a shaft may co-operate with different parts of a member B in which the member B has a curved friction surface formed as a surface of a body of revolution generated by a curve which is neither a circular arc centered on its axis of revolution nor a straight line with concave friction surface, e.g. a hollow toroid surface
    • F16H15/38—Gearings providing a continuous range of gear ratios in which a member A of uniform effective diameter mounted on a shaft may co-operate with different parts of a member B in which the member B has a curved friction surface formed as a surface of a body of revolution generated by a curve which is neither a circular arc centered on its axis of revolution nor a straight line with concave friction surface, e.g. a hollow toroid surface with two members B having hollow toroid surfaces opposite to each other, the member or members A being adjustably mounted between the surfaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H15/00—Gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio, or for reversing rotary motion, by friction between rotary members
    • F16H15/02—Gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio, or for reversing rotary motion, by friction between rotary members without members having orbital motion
    • F16H15/04—Gearings providing a continuous range of gear ratios
    • F16H15/06—Gearings providing a continuous range of gear ratios in which a member A of uniform effective diameter mounted on a shaft may co-operate with different parts of a member B
    • F16H15/32—Gearings providing a continuous range of gear ratios in which a member A of uniform effective diameter mounted on a shaft may co-operate with different parts of a member B in which the member B has a curved friction surface formed as a surface of a body of revolution generated by a curve which is neither a circular arc centered on its axis of revolution nor a straight line
    • F16H15/36—Gearings providing a continuous range of gear ratios in which a member A of uniform effective diameter mounted on a shaft may co-operate with different parts of a member B in which the member B has a curved friction surface formed as a surface of a body of revolution generated by a curve which is neither a circular arc centered on its axis of revolution nor a straight line with concave friction surface, e.g. a hollow toroid surface
    • F16H15/38—Gearings providing a continuous range of gear ratios in which a member A of uniform effective diameter mounted on a shaft may co-operate with different parts of a member B in which the member B has a curved friction surface formed as a surface of a body of revolution generated by a curve which is neither a circular arc centered on its axis of revolution nor a straight line with concave friction surface, e.g. a hollow toroid surface with two members B having hollow toroid surfaces opposite to each other, the member or members A being adjustably mounted between the surfaces
    • F16H2015/383—Gearings providing a continuous range of gear ratios in which a member A of uniform effective diameter mounted on a shaft may co-operate with different parts of a member B in which the member B has a curved friction surface formed as a surface of a body of revolution generated by a curve which is neither a circular arc centered on its axis of revolution nor a straight line with concave friction surface, e.g. a hollow toroid surface with two members B having hollow toroid surfaces opposite to each other, the member or members A being adjustably mounted between the surfaces with two or more sets of toroid gearings arranged in parallel

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Friction Gearing (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种无自旋无级变速单元，旨在提供一种在一定变速比范围内均能避免自旋效率损失的无级变速单元，一种无自旋无级变速单元，包含无自旋输入锥盘(5)、无自旋输出锥盘(7)、无自旋滚轮(6)，借助夹紧力使得其相互压紧接触，靠牵引传递动力，滚轮摆动一定角度实现调速，无自旋输入锥盘(5)，无自旋输出锥盘(7)的回转曲面的母线是一种对数曲线。在调速过程中这种无自旋无级变速单元的无自旋输入锥盘(5)、无自旋输出锥盘(7)、无自旋滚轮(6)的回转轴线以及接触点的公切线均交于一点。本发明可用于替换各类环面型无级变速器中的无级变速单元。

Description

一种无自旋无级变速单元
技术领域
本发明涉及传动系中的变速单元，具体讲就是牵引式无级变速单元。
背景技术
牵引式全环面型无级变速器以及牵引式半环面型无级变速器已经有部分装车并投入市场，如中国专利公开号CN 101479503B、CN 100460715C、 CN 1116536C、 CN102725561B以及CN 101156006A 都公开了这种类型的无级变速器。其变速单元的主要构成是：输入轴、轴向加载装置、输入锥盘、传动滚轮、输出锥盘、输出轴，原理都是借助牵引油在输入盘、传动滚轮和输出盘接触区间的牵引性能传递运动和动力，这样的设计改善了接触面间的摩擦条件，提高了承载能力，适用于中、大排量轿车。
其不足之处是：这两种环面无级变速单元在大多数的工作状态下，都不能避免“自旋”效率损失。
“自旋”一词通常在描述牵引传动装置时被用到，其意指牵引表面与被牵引表面的速度没有精确地以相互匹配的方式滚动时所发生的空转现象。这种“自旋”会造成牵引效率降低、油温升高、工件表面软化等不良后果。为了说明这样的不相互匹配速度是如何产生的，参见图 1，其详细的说明了这种“自旋”的现象。
在图 1所示的半环面型无级变速单元中：环面输入锥盘1与环面滚轮2在A点接触传动，环面输入锥盘1的转动角速度为ω1，环面滚轮2的转动角速度为ω2；环面输出锥盘3与环面滚轮2在B点接触，环面输出锥盘3的转动角速度为ω3。环面输入锥盘1与环面输出锥盘3的回转轴线交点为C，C点为环面滚轮2、环面输入锥盘1以及环面输出锥盘3之间相对运动的瞬心，因此CA和CB为它们之间的瞬时轴线。沿CA和CB方向上的相对角速度分别为ω21和ω23。环面输入锥盘1与环面滚轮2的公切线与环面输出锥盘3与环面滚轮2的公切线的交点为Θ，ΘA和ΘB为环面滚轮2、环面输入锥盘1以及环面输出锥盘3之间的相对滚动轴线。ΘA与CA的夹角为α1，ΘB与CB之间的夹角为α2。那么在A点与B点的自旋角速度分别为ω21sp与ω23sp其中：ω21sp=|ω21|sinα1，ω23sp=|ω23|sinα2。
对于这种半环面型无级变速单元而言，环面滚轮2需要与环面输入锥盘1、环面输出锥盘3保持接触，并且环面输入锥盘1与环面输出锥盘3的回转曲面都是“环面”，也就是环面输入锥盘1的环面输入母线4a以及环面输出锥盘3的环面输出母线4b的都是圆弧线，这就使得环面滚轮在调速过程中只能绕着一点摆动，也就使得Θ点在调速过程中的运动轨迹是圆弧线，也就是说只有当Θ点与C点相交于Θ1点或者Θ2点时，才能避免这种“自旋”现象；此外，对于全环面型无级变速器而言，这种“自旋”现象将一直存在。
发明内容
本发明的目的是克服现有技术中的不足，提供一种在一定变速比范围内均能避免自旋效率损失的无级变速单元。
为了解决上述存在的技术问题，本发明采用下属技术方案：包含输入锥盘、输出锥盘、滚轮，借助夹紧力相互压紧接触，靠牵引传递动力，滚轮摆动一定角度实现调速；输入锥盘，输出锥盘的回转曲面的母线是一种对数曲线，符合方程：
其参数方程形式为：
其中坐标系XOY的原点O是整个变速单元的中点，X轴与输入锥盘、输出锥盘的回转中心重合，平面XOY过接触点，r0是滚轮接触点法线与回转轴线的交点到接触点之间的距离，θ是滚轮的半锥角，C与C＇是常数，输入锥盘、输出锥盘的回转曲面的母线的曲线方程中x相互异号；在调速过程中要求输入锥盘与输出锥盘沿回转轴轴向移动，滚轮沿回转轴径向移动。
根据上述曲线方程，经过数学证明，可以得出如下结论：从这种对数曲线上任意一点到过这一点的切线与X轴的交点的距离为一定值r0tanθ；由这个性质可以得出采用上述技术方案，本发明提供的无自旋无级变速单元，具有这样的有益效果：即在调速范围内，这种无自旋无级变速单元的滚轮回转轴线、输入锥盘输出锥盘的回转轴线以及接触点的公切线均交于一点，即在调速范围内无自旋效率损失。
附图说明
图1是现有的半环面型无级变速单元传动原理图。
图2是无自旋无级变速单元传动比为1时的传动状态图。
图3是无自旋无级变速单元传动比不为1时的传动状态图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图与具体实施方式对本发明做进一步详细描述。
无自旋无级变速单元由于其特殊的曲面形状，就使得在调速过程中变速单元中的主要元件需要调整自身的位置，于是必须确定一种状态来确定原点位置。当在变速比为1的时候，整个变速单元中的各个元件位置相对特殊，所以为了便于叙述，无自旋无级变速单元传动比为1时的传动状态图在图2中示出。无自旋输入锥盘5与无自旋滚轮6压紧于接触点C点，无自旋输出锥盘7与无自旋滚轮6压紧于接触点D点，在C、D两点均形成油膜靠各元件旋转传递动力。点P1为无自旋滚轮6的不动点在传动比为1时所在的位置，点P1是接触点C、D的法线与无自旋滚轮6回转轴线的交点，|CP1|=|DP1|=r0。无自旋滚轮6的半锥角为θ。坐标系XOY的X轴与无自旋输入锥盘5、无自旋输出锥盘7的回转轴线重合，坐标原点O点即是无自旋输入锥盘5、无自旋输出锥盘7在X轴上的中点，XOY平面过接触点C与点D。过无自旋输入锥盘母线8a上一点C的切线ΘC与过无自旋输出锥盘母线8b上一点D的切线ΘD，由于输入锥盘母线8a与无自旋输出锥盘母线8b的曲线方程性质可知，这两条切线ΘC与ΘD的交点Θ一定在X轴上，且|ΘC|=|ΘD|。如果滚轮的几何形状与这个参数能够满足：|ΘC|=|ΘD|=r0tanθ，那么滚轮的回转轴线一定与X轴交于点Θ。由于这时的传动比是1，那么这时的点Θ与原点O重合。显然在点C与点D的牵引传动没有自旋效率损失。此外，无自旋输入锥盘5与原点O的距离为R1，无自旋输出锥盘7与原点O的距离为R2，在传动比为1时，R1=R2。
在图3中，无自旋滚轮6偏转角为γ，这时传动比不为1，但是点Θ仍然在X轴上，也就是在点C与点D的牵引传动仍然没有自旋效率损失，但是这时无自旋滚轮6的不动点位置在点P2处，P2在Y轴上，|OP1|>|OP2|。同时为了保证无自旋输入锥盘5与无自旋输出锥盘7能分别与无自旋滚轮6保持接触，无自旋输入锥盘5与无自旋输出锥盘7需要在轴向上移动一定的距离，此时，无自旋输入锥盘5与原点O的距离为R3，无自旋输出锥盘7与原点O的距离为R4，这里由输入锥盘母线8a与无自旋输出锥盘母线8b的方程决定了：R3>R1，R4>R2并且R3≠R4。
本发明的特点是，在调速过程中无自旋输入锥盘5与无自旋输出锥盘7需要沿着其回转轴线移动，无自旋滚轮6需要偏转一定的角度，并沿着Y轴移动，根据自旋输入锥盘母线8a与无自旋输出锥盘母线8b的曲线方程的性质可以知道，无自旋输入锥盘5、无自旋输出锥盘7、无自旋滚轮6的回转轴线一定与接触点C、D的公切线交于一点Θ。也就是这种无自旋变速单元可以在一定的速比范围内均实现无自旋牵引传动。

Claims (1)

1.一种无自旋无级变速单元，包含输入锥盘、输出锥盘、滚轮，借助夹紧力使得输入锥盘、输出锥盘分别与滚轮相互压紧接触，靠牵引传递动力，滚轮摆动一定角度实现调速；其特征在于：输入锥盘、输出锥盘的回转曲面的母线是一种对数曲线，符合方程：
其参数方程形式为：
其中坐标系XOY的原点O是整个变速单元的中点，X轴与输入锥盘、输出锥盘的回转轴线重合，平面XOY过滚轮与输入锥盘、输出锥盘的接触点，r0是滚轮接触点法线与其回转轴线的交点到接触点之间的距离，θ是滚轮的半锥角，γ是滚轮偏转角，C与C＇是常数，输入锥盘、输出锥盘的回转曲面的母线的曲线方程中x相互异号；在调速过程中要求输入锥盘与输出锥盘沿回转轴轴向移动，滚轮沿回转轴径向移动。
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CN105276110B (zh) * 2015-07-29 2017-05-31 四川大学 一种无自旋牵引式无级变速器
US11060591B2 (en) 2016-04-04 2021-07-13 Mazaro Nv Planetary variator for variable transmission
CN105881210B (zh) * 2016-05-18 2019-02-01 同济大学 用于转动式刀具传动的自动无级变速装置及其使用方法
CN106438891B (zh) * 2016-10-31 2019-09-10 西华大学 一种牵引式cvt无自旋结构设计方法
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CN107289081A (zh) * 2016-10-31 2017-10-24 西华大学 一种无自旋多滚锥式无级变速单元
CN106931114B (zh) * 2016-12-21 2019-03-29 四川大学 一种自适应变速无自旋牵引式无级变速器
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CN108240436B (zh) * 2018-01-12 2020-10-13 四川大学 一种牵引式cvt无自旋机构综合方法
CN110925372A (zh) * 2019-12-09 2020-03-27 西华大学 一种全接触易调速內锥式无级变速单元
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