CN104769880A - Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (ofdm) symbol formats for a wireless local area network (wlan) - Google Patents

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (ofdm) symbol formats for a wireless local area network (wlan) Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104769880A
CN104769880A CN201380058169.6A CN201380058169A CN104769880A CN 104769880 A CN104769880 A CN 104769880A CN 201380058169 A CN201380058169 A CN 201380058169A CN 104769880 A CN104769880 A CN 104769880A
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data
data subcarrier
ofdm symbol
bandwidth
bit
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CN201380058169.6A
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CN104769880B (en
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张鸿远
S·斯里尼瓦萨
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Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
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Mawier International Trade Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0001—Arrangements for dividing the transmission path
    • H04L5/0028—Variable division
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0001—Arrangements for dividing the transmission path
    • H04L5/0014—Three-dimensional division
    • H04L5/0023—Time-frequency-space
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/26—Systems using multi-frequency codes
    • H04L27/2601—Multicarrier modulation systems
    • H04L27/2602—Signal structure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/26—Systems using multi-frequency codes
    • H04L27/2601—Multicarrier modulation systems
    • H04L27/2626—Arrangements specific to the transmitter only
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0044—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path allocation of payload
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0044—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path allocation of payload
    • H04L5/0046—Determination of how many bits are transmitted on different sub-channels
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0048—Allocation of pilot signals, i.e. of signals known to the receiver
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/004—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using forward error control
    • H04L1/0041—Arrangements at the transmitter end
    • H04L1/0042—Encoding specially adapted to other signal generation operation, e.g. in order to reduce transmit distortions, jitter, or to improve signal shape
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0058—Allocation criteria
    • H04L5/0064—Rate requirement of the data, e.g. scalable bandwidth, data priority

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Abstract

In a method of generating an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol, a plurality of information bits is encoded to generate a plurality of coded bits. The plurality of information bits corresponds to a first bandwidth, while the OFDM symbol includes a number of data tones corresponding to a second bandwidth. The coded bits are mapped to a plurality constellation symbols. The constellation symbols are mapped to a first plurality of data subcarriers corresponding to a first portion of the OFDM symbol and to a second plurality of data subcarriers corresponding to a second portion of the OFDM symbol. A subset of data subcarriers in the first plurality of data subcarriers and in the second plurality of data subcarriers are set to one or more predetermined values. The OFDM symbol is then generated to include at least the first plurality of data subcarriers and the second plurality of data subcarriers.

Description

For OFDM (OFDM) sign form of WLAN (wireless local area network) (WLAN)
about the cross reference of application
The application is the U.S. Patent application the 13/174th that the name submitted on June 30th, 2011 is called " Modulation of SignalField in a WLAN Frame Header ", the part continuation application of No. 186, U.S. Patent application the 13/174th, No. 186 require the U.S. Provisional Application the 61/360th that the name submitted on July 1st, 2010 is called " VHTSIGB Modulation ", the priority of No. 828, their whole disclosures are incorporated into this by reference hereby.The name that the application also requires on September 20th, 2012 to submit to is called the U.S. Provisional Application the 61/703rd of " VHTSIGB Modulation ", and the priority of No. 593, its whole disclosure is incorporated into this by reference hereby.
Technical field
Present disclosure relates generally to communication network, and more specifically, relates to mediation device ability between the devices on the wireless network.
Background technology
In the contextual object that this background technology description provided is to usually present disclosure.The work of the inventor of current name, in the degree be described in these background technology chapters and sections, and submit to time can not in addition as prior art this description in, be not both impliedly recognized as the prior art relative to present disclosure clearly yet.
WLAN (wireless local area network) (WLAN) standard, the such as exploitation of Institute of Electrical and Electric Engineers (IEEE) 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g and 802.11n standard has improve single user peak-data throughput.Such as, IEEE 802.11b standard specifies the single user peak throughput of 11 MBPSs (Mbps), IEEE 802.11a and 802.11g standard specify the single user peak throughput of 54Mbps, and IEEE 802.11n standard specifies the single user peak throughput of 600Mbps.Start about promising to undertake the work providing the new standard IEEE802.11ac of even larger throughput.
Summary of the invention
According to the first embodiment, the method of OFDM (OFDM) symbol of the data cell via traffic channel comprises by a kind of generation encodes to generate the bit by the multiple codings be included in OFDM symbol to multiple information bit, wherein multiple information bit corresponds to the first bandwidth, and wherein OFDM symbol comprises the several data tones corresponding with the second bandwidth, the second band is wider than the first bandwidth.The method also comprises by the bit mapping of multiple coding to multiple constellation symbol, and by multiple constellation symbol mapped to more than first data subcarrier corresponding with the Part I of OFDM symbol.The method comprises further is arranged to one or more predetermined value by the data subcarrier subset in more than first data subcarrier.The method further comprises by multiple constellation symbol mapped to more than second data subcarrier corresponding with the Part II of OFDM symbol, and the data subcarrier subset in more than second data subcarrier is arranged to one or more predetermined value.The method additionally comprises generation OFDM symbol to comprise more than at least the first data subcarriers and more than second data subcarrier.
In another embodiment, a kind of device comprises network interface, this network interface is configured to encode to generate the bit by the multiple codings be included in OFDM symbol to multiple information bit, wherein multiple information bit corresponds to the first bandwidth, and wherein OFDM symbol comprises the several data tones corresponding with the second bandwidth, the second band is wider than the first bandwidth.Network interface is also configured to by the bit mapping of multiple coding to multiple constellation symbol, and by multiple constellation symbol mapped to more than first data subcarrier corresponding with the Part I of OFDM symbol.Network interface is also configured to the data subcarrier subset in more than first data subcarrier to be arranged to one or more predetermined value.Network interface is also configured to further by multiple constellation symbol mapped to more than second data subcarrier corresponding with the Part II of OFDM symbol, and the data subcarrier subset in more than second data subcarrier is arranged to one or more predetermined value.Network interface is additionally configured to generate OFDM symbol to comprise more than at least the first data subcarriers and more than second data subcarrier.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the block diagram of an example embodiment of the WLAN (wireless local area network) (WLAN) utilizing various signal field modulation described here and mapping techniques.
Fig. 2 is the figure of the exemplary data cells form according to an embodiment.
Fig. 3 is the block diagram of the example PHY processing unit according to an embodiment.
Fig. 4 is the figure of the example OFDM symbol for 40MHz communication channel according to an embodiment, and the PHY processing unit of Fig. 3 is configured to generate this 40MHz communication channel.
Fig. 5 is the figure of another example OFDM symbol for 40MHz communication channel according to another embodiment, and the PHY processing unit of Fig. 3 is configured to generate this 40MHz communication channel.
Fig. 6 is this 80MHz communication channel that the PHY processing unit of the figure of the example OFDM symbol for 80MHz communication channel according to an embodiment, Fig. 3 is configured to generate.
Fig. 7 is the figure of another example OFDM symbol for 80MHz communication channel according to another embodiment, and the PHY processing unit of Fig. 3 is configured to generate this 80MHz communication channel.
Fig. 8 has signal field for production and transfer, the such as flow chart of the exemplary method of the PHY data unit of VHT-SIGB or another suitable field according to an embodiment.
Fig. 9 has signal field for production and transfer, the such as flow chart of another exemplary method of the PHY data unit of VHT-SIGB or another suitable field according to another embodiment.
Figure 10 has signal field for production and transfer, the flow chart of the exemplary method of multi-user's PHY data unit of such as VHT-SIGB or another suitable field according to another embodiment.
Figure 11 is the flow chart of the exemplary method for generating OFDM symbol according to an embodiment.
Embodiment
In embodiment described below, the Wireless Communication Equipment of the access point (AP) of such as WLAN (wireless local area network) (WLAN) is to one or more client stations transmitting data stream.In one embodiment, AP is configured to operate according to the first communication protocol (such as, IEEE 802.11ac standard) and client stations.In one embodiment, additionally, the different client stations near AP are configured to operate according to second communication agreement (such as, IEEE 802.11n standard, IEEE 802.11a standard, IEEE 802.11g standard etc.).First communication protocol and the operation of second communication protocol definition in the frequency range of more than 1GHz, and be generally used for following application, these application require the radio communication with the relative short range of relatively low data rate.First communication protocol is referred to here as high throughput (VHT) agreement, and second communication agreement is referred to here as legacy protocol.In certain embodiments, AP additionally or is alternatively configured to according to third communication agreement and client operation.Third communication protocol definition with the operation in lower frequency range, and is generally used for following application at 1GHz, and these application require the relatively long-range radio communication with relatively low data rate.First communication protocol and second communication agreement are in this collectively " short range " communication protocol, and third communication agreement is referred to here as " long-range " communication protocol.
In one embodiment, the multiple transmission channel bandwidth of each protocol definition in communication protocol (such as, short range protocol, remote protocol).In certain embodiments, the data cell of being launched by AP or receive comprises lead code, this lead code comprise with the bandwidth defined in legacy protocol (such as, the 20MHz bandwidth defined in 802.11 agreements) corresponding legacy part and the VHT part corresponding with the identical or different channels bandwidth defined in VHT agreement (the 80MHz bandwidth such as, defined in VHT agreement).According to an embodiment, the lead code of data cell comprises the multiple signal fields being carried at the information that receiver place requires, to identify the multiple signal fields with decoded data units rightly.In certain embodiments, such as, two signal fields are included in lead code, the legacy part of lead code comprise and the first signal field modulated in the mode similar to the legacy part of data cell, and the VHT part of lead code comprise and the secondary signal field of modulating in the mode that the VHT data division to data cell is similar.In one such embodiment, similarly still the code rate lower than VHT data division and less constellation size is used to modulate secondary signal field with the VHT data division of data cell.Further, in certain embodiments, the concrete channel width no matter data cell takies how, and it is identical that the bit for secondary signal field distributes.Such as, in one embodiment, bandwidth (such as, 20MHz bandwidth, 40MHz etc.) designated bit distribution may be carried out for by the minimum of VHT protocol definition, and utilize bit to insert and/or repeat to transmit secondary signal field in higher VHT bandwidth.In addition, in one embodiment, the VHT data division of data cell comprises multiple spatial data of guiding unique user (SU) or multiple user (MU), and secondary signal field is limited to individual traffic.In these embodiments, in some way the single stream of secondary signal field is mapped to the multiple spatial flow corresponding with the data division of data cell and/or multiple user.
Fig. 1 is the block diagram of an example embodiment of the WLAN (wireless local area network) (WLAN) 10 utilizing various signal field modulation described here and mapping techniques.AP 14 comprises the host-processor 15 being coupled to network interface 16.Network interface 16 comprises medium access control (MAC) processing unit 18 and physical layer (PHY) processing unit 20.PHY processing unit 20 comprises multiple transceiver 21, and transceiver is coupled to multiple antenna 24.Although illustrate three transceivers 21 and three antennas 24 in FIG, AP 14 can comprise transceiver 21 and the antenna 24 of different number (such as, 1,2,4,5 etc.) in other embodiments.In one embodiment, MAC processing unit 18 and PHY processing unit 20 are configured to according to the first communication protocol (the IEEE 802.11ac standard such as, now just in standardisation process).First communication protocol is also referred to as high throughput (VHT) agreement at this.In another embodiment, MAC processing unit 18 and PHY processing unit 20 are also configured to according at least second communication agreement (such as, IEEE 802.11n standard, IEEE 802.11a standard etc.) operation.In another embodiment, MAC processing unit 18 and PHY processing unit 20 additionally or are alternatively configured to operate according to telecommunication protocol (such as, IEEE 802.11ah standard, IEEE802.11af standard etc.).
WLAN 10 comprises multiple client stations 25.Although illustrate four client stations 25 in FIG, in various scene and embodiment, WLAN 10 can comprise the client stations 25 of different number (such as, 1,2,3,5,6 etc.).At least one client stations (such as, client stations 25-1) in client stations 25 is configured at least according to the first communication protocol operations.
Client stations 25-1 comprises the host-processor 26 being coupled to network interface 27.Network interface 27 comprises MAC processing unit 28 and PHY processing unit 29.PHY processing unit 29 comprises multiple transceiver 30, and transceiver 30 is coupled to multiple antenna 34.Although illustrate three transceivers 30 and three antennas 34 in FIG, client stations 25-1 can comprise transceiver 30 and the antenna 34 of different number (such as, 1,2,4,5 etc.) in other embodiments.
In one embodiment, one in client stations 252,25-3 with 25-4 or all client stations have the structure identical or similar with client stations 25-1.In these embodiments, the client stations 25 that structure is identical or similar from client stations 25-1 has transceiver and the antenna of identical or different number.Such as, according to an embodiment, client stations 25-2 has only two transceivers and two antennas.
In various embodiments, the PHY processing unit 20 of AP 14 is configured to generate the data cell meeting the first communication protocol.Transceiver 21 is configured to launch via antenna 24 data cell generated.Similarly, transceiver 24 is configured to receive data cell via antenna 24.According to an embodiment, the PHY processing unit 20 of AP 14 is configured to process the data cell of the reception meeting the first communication protocol.
In various embodiment, the PHY processing unit 29 of client device 25-1 is configured to generate the data cell meeting the first communication protocol.Transceiver 30 is configured to launch via antenna 34 data cell generated.Similarly, transceiver is configured to receive data cell via antenna 34.According to an embodiment, the PHY processing unit 29 of client device 25-1 is configured to process the data cell of the reception meeting the first communication protocol.
Fig. 2 is the figure being configured to the data cell 250 transmitted to client stations 25-1 according to the AP 14 of an embodiment.In one embodiment, client stations 25-1 is also configured to AP 14 transmission data units 250.Data cell 250 meets VHT agreement and takies 80MHz frequency band.In other embodiments, the data cell similar to data cell 250 takies different bandwidth, such as 20MHz, 40MHz, 120MHz, 160MHz or any suitable bandwidth.Additionally, frequency band without the need to continuous in frequency, but can be included in two or more less frequency band that frequency is separated.Such as, according to an embodiment, in some scenes, such as when condition and equipment support 160MHz channel, data cell 250 takies 160MHz frequency band, and this 160MHz frequency band is formed by two discontinuous 80MHz frequency bands that certain suitable minimum bandwidth is separated by frequency.Data cell 250 comprises lead code, this lead code has four and leaves over Short Training field (L-STF) 252, four and leave over long training field (L-LFT) 254, four and leave over signal field (L-SIG) 256, four the first high throughput signal fields (VHT-SIGA) 258, high throughput Short Training field (VHT-STF) 262, N number of high throughput long training field (VHT-LTF) 264, wherein N is integer, and the second high throughput signal field (VHT-SIGB) 268.Data cell 250 also comprises data division 272.L-STF 252, L-LTF 254 and L-SIG 256 form legacy part.VHT-STF262, VHT-SIGA 258, VHT-LTF 264, VHT-SIGB 268 and data division 266 form high throughput (VHT) part.
In the embodiment of fig. 2, each VHT-SIGA in each L-SIG and VHT-SIGA 258 in each L-LTF, the L-SIG 256 in each L-STF, the L-LTF 254 in L-STF 252 takies 20MHz frequency band.In this disclosure, illustratively the object of the embodiment of frame format describes the some exemplary data cells comprising data cell 250 with 80MHz continuous bandwidth, but these frame format embodiments and other embodiment are applicable to other suitable bandwidth (comprising discontinuous bandwidth).Such as, although the lead code of Fig. 2 comprises L-STF252, L-LTF 254, four fields of often kind of field in L-SIG 256 and VHT-SIGA 258, but take the such as 20MHz except 80MHz in OFDM (OFDM) data cell, 40MHz, 120MHz, in other embodiment of the cumulative bandwidth of 160MHz etc., the L-STF 252 of different proper number, L-LTF 254, L-SIG 256 and VHT-SIGA 258 is correspondingly utilized (such as, be L-STF 252 for the OFDM data unit taking 20MHz, L-LTF 254, a field of often kind of field in L-SIG 256 and VHT-SIGA 258, OFDM data unit for 40MHz bandwidth is two fields of often kind of field in field, and be eight fields of often kind of field in field for the OFDM data unit of 160MHz bandwidth).Such as, in some embodiments and situation, also in the OFDM data unit of 160MHz bandwidth, frequency band is discontinuous in frequency.Therefore, such as, in certain embodiments, L-STF 252, L-LTF 254, L-SIG 256 and VHT-SIGA 258 take two or more frequency band be separated from each other in frequency, and nearby frequency bands separated at least 1MHz, at least 5MHz, at least 10MHz, at least 20MHz in frequency.In the embodiment of fig. 2, each field in VHT-STF 262, VHT-LTF 264, VHT-SIGB 268 and data division 266 takies 80MHz frequency band.According to an embodiment, if the data cell meeting the first communication protocol is the data cell of the cumulative bandwidth taking such as 20MHz, 40MHz, 120MHz or 160MHz OFDM, then VHT-STF, VHT-LTF, VHT-SIGB and VHT data division takies the whole bandwidth of the correspondence of data cell.
Further, comprise multiple antenna according to the equipment of data cell 250 of wherein generating of Fig. 2 and can the embodiment of transmit beam-forming (beamforming) or beam conduct (beamsteering), VHT-SIGA 258 is included in not the guiding of data cell 250 (unsteered) (or " omnidirectional " or " pseudo-omnidirectional "; Term " is not guided " and " omnidirectional " is intended to also comprise term " pseudo-omnidirectional " as used in this) part in and comprise the public PHY information of each client stations in the client stations 25 in Fig. 1.On the other hand, in ' guiding (steered) ' part, VHT-SIGB 268 is contained.Data cell 250 be multi-user transmission (such as, data cell 250 comprises the independent data stream for the different receiving equipment of correspondence) an embodiment in, leader comprises the different pieces of information for different clients 25, and different pieces of information is transmitted simultaneously by the antenna 24 of different spaces channel via Fig. 1 with the content to each client stations conveying different (or " user-specific ") in client stations 25.Therefore, in these embodiments, VHT-SIGA 258 carries the public information of all users, and VHT-SIGB 268 comprises user-specific information.On the other hand, be in an embodiment of single user transmission in data cell 250, leader comprises the data for client 25 of to transmit and to carry out beam conduct via antenna 24 to particular client 25.
According to an embodiment, each VHT-SIGA in VHT-SIGA 258 comprises two OFDM symbol of modulating in the mode similar to leaving over L-SIG field 256.According to embodiments more described below and/or scene, on the other hand, VHT-SIGB field 268 comprises the single OFDM symbol of modulating in the mode similar to VHT data division 272.
Fig. 3 is the block diagram being configured to the example PHY processing unit 300 generating OFDM symbol according to an embodiment.Such as, in an embodiment and/or scene, PHY processing unit 300 generates the OFDM symbol corresponding with the VHT-SIGB 268 of data cell 250 (Fig. 2).In another embodiment and/or scene, PHY processing unit 300 generates the OFDM symbol corresponding with the data division 272 of data cell 250.In other embodiment and/or scene, PHY processing unit 300 generates the OFDM symbol corresponding with another part of data cell 250, or the OFDM symbol will comprised at another proper data unit.With reference to Fig. 1, in one embodiment, AP 14 and client stations 25-1 comprises PHY processing unit separately, such as PHY processing unit 300.
According to an embodiment, PHY unit 300 comprises forward error correction (FEC) encoder 302 of usually data input data stream being encoded to the stream generating corresponding coding.In one embodiment, FEC encoder utilize code rate be 1/2 binary system convolutional encoding (BCC).In other embodiments, FEC encoder utilizes other suitable type of coding and/or other suitable code rate.FEC encoder 302 is coupled to frequency interleaver 304, and the bit (that is, changing the order of bit) of the stream of frequency interleaver 304 interweaving encoding is to prevent the long sequence of adjacent noise bit from entering decoder at receiver place.
The bit sequence of intertexture is mapped to the constellation point corresponding with the different sub carrier of OFDM symbol by constellation mapper 306.More specifically, constellation mapper 306 is by each log 2(M) constellation point in M constellation point is changed into.In one embodiment, constellation mapper 306 operates according to binary phase shift keying (BPSK) modulation scheme.In other embodiments, other suitable modulation scheme is utilized.The tone of the various repetition that constellation mapper 306 describes below being coupled to and realizing in various embodiment and/or scene and insertion technology repeats and plug-in unit 308.
According to an embodiment, present the output of tone repetition and plug-in unit 308 to stream mapper unit 312.In one embodiment, the space-time stream that constellation point is extended to more big figure by mapper 312 is flowed.Such as, Pilot generator unit 310 generates the pilot tones of the Frequency offset estimation be used at receiver place, and is embedded in symbol OFDM tone by pilot tones in the space-time output of stream mapper 312.Cyclic shift is inserted in all space-time streams except a space-time stream in space-time stream to prevent beam forming unintentionally by multiple cyclic shift diversity (CSD) unit 314.
Space-time stream is mapped to the transmitting chain corresponding with one or more available transmitting antennas by spatial mapping unit 316.In various embodiments, spatial mappings comprises in the following one or multinomial: 1) directly map, and wherein is directly mapped to launch on chain from the constellation point of each space-time stream (that is, to map one to one); 2) spatial spread, wherein via matrix multiplication expansion from the vector of the constellation point of all space-time stream to produce to launching the input of chain; And 3) beam forming, each vector wherein from the constellation point of all space-time stream is multiplied by steering vector matrix to produce the input to launching chain.
In one embodiment, spatial mapping unit 316 applying guidance matrix Q is (such as, by N sTS× 1 signal phasor s is multiplied by Q, i.e. Qs), wherein Q has size (N tX× N sTS), wherein N tXlaunch the number of chain and N sTSit is the number of space-time stream.When utilizing beam forming, carry out generator matrix Q based on multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) channel between reflector and receiver.In one embodiment, N tXthere is maximum 8.In another embodiment, N tXthere is maximum 16.In other embodiments, N tXthere is different maximums, such as 4,32,64 etc.
Each output of spatial mapping unit 316 corresponds to launches chain, and each output of spatial mapping unit 316 is by the computing of inverse discrete Fourier transform (IDFT) unit 318, and inverse discrete Fourier transform (IDFT) unit 318 converts the block of constellation point to time-domain signal.In one embodiment, IDFT unit 318 is configured to realize inverse fast fourier transform (IFFT) algorithm.Each time-domain signal is provided to transmitting antenna for transmission.
According to an embodiment, the number of the subcarrier (or tone) in OFDM symbol depends on the bandwidth (BW) of the channel of utilization usually.Such as, according to an embodiment, the OFDM symbol for 20MHz channel corresponds to the IDFT of size 64 and comprises 64 tones, and corresponds to the IDFT of size 128 for the OFDM symbol of 40MHz channel and comprise 128 tones.In one embodiment, the tone in OFDM symbol comprises for the guard tone of filter oblique ascension and oblique deascension, for alleviating the DC tone of radio frequency interference and the pilot tones for Frequency offset estimation.According to an embodiment, all the other tones can be used for transmitting data or information bit (" data tones ").The name submitted in the 29 days July in 2010 being incorporated into this by quoting at this with its entirety is called the universal launcher flow process and the various example transmissions channel that in data cell utilize corresponding with some embodiments of present disclosure and Tone Map that describe the example PHY processing unit being configured to generate the data cell meeting the first communication protocol in No. the 12/846th, 681, the U.S. Patent application of " Methods and Apparatus forWLAN Transmission ".
In one embodiment, no matter the channel width that takies of data cell how, and it is identical for distributing for the tone of the OFDM symbol in data cell and/or bit.Such as, according to being " substantially " bandwidth, the form such as defined by the minimum channel bandwidth of communication protocol definition generates OFDM symbol, and tone described here repeats and insertion technology is used to generate the OFDM symbol corresponding with more wide channels bandwidth.Such as, in one embodiment, 20MHz channel width is used as primary bandwidth.In this embodiment, OFDM symbol is generated according to for 20MHz channel width and the tone that defines and/or bit distribute, and utilize tone described here to repeat and insertion technology generates and more high-bandwidth channels, the OFDM symbol that such as 40MHz channel, 80MHz channel etc. are corresponding.In another embodiment, 40MHz bandwidth is used as primary bandwidth, and uses tone described here repetition and insertion technology to generate more high bandwidth OFDM symbol.In other embodiments, make use of the primary bandwidth that other is suitable.
Generally speaking, in various embodiment and/or scene, the any suitable bandwidth corresponding with the IDFT that size is N can be utilized as primary bandwidth, and the IDFT of the tone that tone described here repeats and insertion technology can be used for being based upon N point IDFT and define and/or bit distributively generated and size, the OFDM symbol that such as kN point IDFT is corresponding, wherein N and k is integer.It should be noted that, in other embodiments, although the tone that tone repeats and be described to usually to be performed to be based upon more low-bandwidth signal field below insertion technology and define and/or bit distribute generate more wide bandwidth signals field, such technology is not limited to the OFDM symbol corresponding with signal field and is applied to the OFDM symbol corresponding with other field of OFDM data unit (such as training field, data field).
Exemplarily, referring again to Fig. 2, according to an embodiment, the channel width that the particular-data unit no matter generated takies how, and it is identical that the bit for the VHT/SIGB field 268 of data cell 250 distributes.Equally, in certain embodiments, employ and the guard tone of the identical number used in the symbol generated at the data division for data cell 250, DC tone and pilot tones in the OFDM symbol generated for VHT-SIGB 268.In one suchembodiment, guard tone, DC tone and pilot tones be in the OFDM symbol generated for VHT-SIGB field 268 with the tone of the tone same frequency in the OFDM symbol generated for data division 272.
In one embodiment, VHT-SIGB field 268 bit distributes the 20MHz OFDM symbol corresponding to the data tones with corresponding number, and same bits distribution is used to the data cell corresponding with more large bandwidth (such as, 40MHz, 80MHz etc.).In one suchembodiment, such as, be assigned with 26 bits for VHT-SIGB field, and be assigned with 20 bits for information bit and be assigned with 6 bits for tail bits.In the embodiment using BCC encoder to encode to VHT-SIGB field 268 with 1/2 code rate, 26 bits of encoded are become 52 data bits corresponding with 52 data tones that can be used for 20MHz channel.In other embodiments, other suitable bit distributes and other suitable coding and modulation scheme are used to VHT-SIGB field 268.Wherein in the bit of the identical number various embodiment that is allocated for the more large bandwidth channel of the data tones with corresponding more big figure and/or scene, tone described here is utilized to repeat and insertion technology fills residue data available tone.
The figure of the OFDM symbol 400 that Fig. 4 is the VHT-SIGB field in order to the data cell for 40MHz channel (the VHT-SIGB field 268 of such as Fig. 2) according to an embodiment and generates.OFDM symbol 400 corresponds to the IDFT of size 128 and comprises 128 tones.In one embodiment, 128 tone time slots from-64 to+63 are indexed.128 tones comprise guard tone, direct current (DC) tone, data tones and pilot tones.Six lowest frequency tones and five highest frequency tones are guard tone.Three tones of from-1 to+1 index are DC tones.According to an embodiment, OFDM symbol 400 also comprises 6 pilot tones and 108 data tones.As shown in Figure 4,108 data tones comprise 52 tones corresponding with VHT-SIGB bit and 2 tones inserted, and 54 tones are as a result repeated once so that fill the residue tone of OFDM symbol.In OFDM symbol 400, two tones inserted take the minimum data/pilot carrier frequency tone time slot in lower channel sideband and two minimum datas in upper signal channel sideband/pilot carrier frequency tone time slot.
The figure of another example OFDM symbol 500 that Fig. 5 is the VHT-SIGB field in order to the data cell for 40MHz channel (the VHT-SIGB field 268 of such as Fig. 2) according to another embodiment and generates.OFDM symbol 500 is similar to OFDM symbol 400, except the insertion tone in OFDM symbol 500 takies two minimum datas/pilot carrier frequency tone time slot in lower channel sideband and two the maximum data in upper signal channel sideband/pilot carrier frequency tone time slot.
In other embodiments, two are inserted tone and take other suitable data/pilot periodicity pitch time slot any in OFDM symbol 400 or OFDM symbol 500.
The figure of the OFDM symbol 600 that Fig. 6 is the VHT-SIGB field in order to the data cell for 80MHz channel (the VHT-SIGB field 268 of such as Fig. 2) according to an embodiment and generates.OFDM symbol 600 corresponds to the IDFT of size 256 and comprises 256 tones.In one embodiment, 256 tones from-128 to+127 are indexed.256 tones comprise guard tone, DC tone, data tones and pilot tones.Six lowest frequency tones and five highest frequency tones are guard tone.Three tones of from-1 to+1 index are DC tones.OFDM symbol 350 also comprises 8 pilot tones and 234 data tones.234 data tones comprise 52 tones corresponding with VHT-SIGB information bit, as 52 tones of the repetition of VHT-SIGB information bit and 13 tones inserted, and 117 tones are as a result repeated once.In OFDM symbol 600,13 tones inserted take the low-limit frequency pilot/data tone in lower channel sideband and the low-limit frequency pilot/data tone time slot in upper signal channel sideband.
The figure of another example OFDM symbol 700 that Fig. 7 is the VHT-SIGB field in order to the data cell for 80MHz channel (the VHT-SIGB field 268 of such as Fig. 2) according to another embodiment and generates.OFDM symbol 700 is similar to OFDM symbol 800, except the insertion tone in OFDM symbol 700 takies 13 low-limit frequency data/pilot tone time slots in lower channel sideband and the highest frequency data/pilot tone time slot in upper signal channel sideband.
In other embodiments, 13 are inserted tone and take other suitable data/pilot tone time slot any in OFDM symbol 600 or OFDM symbol 700.
According to an embodiment or situation, the insertion tone in the insertion tone in symbol 400, the insertion tone in symbol 500, symbol 600 and/or the insertion tone in symbol 700 carry the value of some information bits in VHT-SIGB information bit and/or VHT-SIGA information bit.Similarly, in some other embodiments and/or situation, the insertion tone in the insertion tone in symbol 400, the insertion tone in symbol 500, symbol 600 and/or the insertion tone in symbol 700 carry the value of some the LSIG information bits in LSIG information bit.Alternatively, in other embodiment and/or situation, the insertion tone in the insertion tone in symbol 400, the insertion tone in symbol 500, symbol 600 and/or the insertion tone in symbol 700 are empty (0) tones.These embodiments have and do not use extra transmitting power for transmitting the advantage inserting tone (that is, all transmitting powers be used for VHT-SIGB information and tail bits).In other embodiment and/or scene, any appropriate value is used to come the insertion tone in the insertion tone in modulation symbol 400, the insertion tone in symbol 500, symbol 600, the insertion tone in symbol 700.
In other embodiment and/or scene, any appropriate value is used to come the insertion tone in the insertion tone in modulation symbol 400, the insertion tone in symbol 500, symbol 600 and/or the insertion tone in symbol 700.
In one embodiment, the client stations 25-1 in Fig. 1 abandons the tone of the insertion in the VHT-SIGB field of the data cell received during decoding and demodulating process.According to an embodiment, alternatively, if insert tone have with signal field (such as, VHT-SIGA, VHT-SIGB, L-SIG) value corresponding to some information bits, then receiver utilizes the extra diversity provided thus instead of the tone abandoning insertion simply during decoding and demodulating process.
In certain embodiments, use and be used for distributing as the tone of the 40MHz bandwidth of primary bandwidth and/or bit generating 80MHz signal field.Such as, in one embodiment, use and generate 80MHz VHT-SIGB field for 40MHz VHT-SIGB field and the tone that defines and/or bit distribute, use tone described here to repeat and insertion technology to fill the remaining data tone in 80MHz VHT-SIGB field.Similarly, in one embodiment, use and be used for the tone of 80MHz signal field and/or bit and distribute and generate 160MHz signal field, use tone described here to repeat and insertion technology to fill the remaining data tone in 160MHz field.In another embodiment, use and be used for the tone of 40MHz bandwidth signal field and/or bit and distribute and generate 160MHz field, use tone described here to insert and repeat techniques.Generally speaking, in various embodiment and/or scene, utilize primary bandwidth B to generate the OFDM symbol for mB bandwidth communication channel, wherein m is integer.
In one embodiment, the field corresponding with 20MHz or another suitable bandwidth is utilized to generate larger primary bandwidth, such as 40MHz primary bandwidth.Such as, one or more uncoded bit is inserted in the bit stream corresponding with 20MHz bandwidth channel or another suitable bandwidth channel, makes after coding, and the bit stream of coding corresponds to more large bandwidth, such as 40MHz bandwidth.Then, tone repeats and insertion technology is applied to primary bandwidth to generate the OFDM symbol for more high-bandwidth channels.Such as, with reference to Fig. 3, the repeating of uncoded information bit is utilized, and if need, then provide to encoder 302 the uncoded message bit stream of the forward direction of bit stream add one or more added bit (such as, bit repeat occur before or bit repeat occur after), make after being encoded by encoder 302, bit stream (bit of coding) as a result corresponds to wider primary bandwidth, such as 40MHz primary bandwidth.In this embodiment, then, provide the bit of coding to constellation mapping unit 306, constellation mapping unit 306 by the bit mapping of coding to primary bandwidth, the constellation point that the OFDM tone of such as 40MHz bandwidth is corresponding.Such as in one embodiment, then, tone repeats and plug-in unit 308 repeats OFDM tone as a result and/or inserts additional OFDM tone to generate more wide bandwidth OFDM symbol, such as 80MHz OFDM symbol or 160MHz OFDM symbol.
As discussed above, in certain embodiments, AP 14 is configured to communicate with one or more client stations with the telecommunication protocol of the operation in lower frequency range according to being usually defined in 1GHz.In the embodiment that some are such, telecommunication protocol defines one or more physical layer data unit format identical or similar with the physical layer data unit format defined by one or more short range communication protocols in short range communication protocols.In one embodiment, in order to be supported in communication in farther scope and also in order to be contained in lower (below 1GHz) frequency can the channel of usual less bandwidth, but telecommunication protocol defines and has the form substantially the same with the physical layer data unit format that telecommunication protocol defines and use lower clock rate and the data cell generated.In one embodiment, AP is with the clock rate being suitable for short range (and high-throughput) and operating operation, and frequency reducing (down-clocking) is used to generate the new clock signal that will be used for below 1GHz and operate.As a result, in this embodiment, the data cell (" teledata unit ") meeting telecommunication protocol maintains the physical layer formats usually meeting the data cell (" short-range data unit ") of short range communication protocols, but is transmitted in longer time section.Exemplarily, the data cell meeting IEEE 802.11ah standard generates according to the form defined in IEEE 802-11n standard or IEEE 802-11ac standard, but use is generated by the clock signal of the ratio frequency reducing of ten.In this embodiment, short-range data unit corresponds to channel width described above (such as usually, 20MHz, 40MHz, 80MHz, 160MHz), and teledata unit has the frequency reducing of use 10 than the corresponding bandwidth (such as, 2MHz, 4MHz, 8MHz, 16MHz) carrying out frequency reducing.
In other embodiments, make use of other suitable frequency reducing ratio.Such as, in one embodiment, according to the data cell of IEEE 802.11af be the frequency reducing version of IEEE802.11n or IEEE 802.11ac data cell of the frequency reducing ratio with 7.5.Such as, additionally, in certain embodiments, telecommunication protocol defines the operation being intended for and needing more high s/n ratio performance, one or more additional bandwidth channel of the scope such as expanded or control model operation, such as 1MHz bandwidth channel.By quoting U.S. Patent application the 13/359th, the various example describing the teledata unit generated by frequency reducing in No. 336 and the example PHY form of teledata unit utilized in certain embodiments submitted in 26 days January in 2012 being incorporated into this with its entirety at this.
In the embodiment that some are such, make use of the channel width of minimum frequency reducing as primary bandwidth, and tone described here repeats and inserts to calculate to be used to generate the OFDM symbol corresponding with more high channel bandwidth.Such as, be utilized as the OFDM symbol corresponding with 1MHz primary bandwidth or 2MHz primary bandwidth and the tone defined and/or bit distribute to generate the OFDM symbol corresponding with more high bandwidth, and utilize tone described here to repeat and insertion technology generates OFDM symbol for more high-bandwidth channels (such as, 2MHz, 4MHz, 8MHz, 16MHz).According to various embodiment, exemplarily, with reference to Figure 4 and 5, the OFDM symbol 400 and 500 of description corresponds to the 4MHz bandwidth used as 2MHz bandwidth channel and telecommunication protocol that the tone assignment that defines generates.In various embodiments, as another example, with reference to Fig. 6 and 7, the OFDM symbol 600 and 700 of description corresponds to the 8MHz bandwidth used as 2MHz bandwidth channel and telecommunication protocol that the tone assignment that defines generates.In another embodiment, make use of for another suitable primary bandwidth, the tone of such as 4MHz bandwidth and/or bit distribute, and tone described here repeats and insertion technology is used to generate and more high-bandwidth channels, the OFDM symbol that such as 8MHz channel or 16MHz channel are corresponding.Generally speaking, in various embodiment and/or scene, utilize primary bandwidth B to generate the OFDM symbol for mB bandwidth communication channel, wherein m is integer.
Referring again to Fig. 2, data division 272 comprises in the embodiment of multiple spatial flow wherein, and VHT-SIGB field 268 is correspondingly mapped to multiple stream.In the embodiment that some are such, via matrix P, the VHT-STF field 264 comprising the training sequence corresponding with multiple spatial flow is mapped to multiple spatial flow.In some embodiments and/or scene, same matrix P is used to the individual traffic in VHT-SIGB field 268 to be mapped to the data flow corresponding with the multiple spatial flows in VHT data division 272.More specifically, in one embodiment, field 264 is trained to be mapped to corresponding spatial flow VHT-LTF according to following formula:
VHTLTF ( k ) = [ L 1 , L 2 , . . . L N LTF ] = Q k D ( k ) [ P * 1 , P * 2 , . . . P * N LTF ] s ( k ) Equation 1
Wherein Q (k)the spatial mappings of the kth tone of field is trained, D corresponding to VHT-LTF (k)correspond to the CSD phase shift for kth tone, P * 1..., P * NLTFthe row of mapping matrix P, and S (k)it is the kth tone of VHT-LTF training symbol.
Still with reference to Fig. 2, according to an embodiment, the row P of equation 1 is used * 1..., P * NLTFin row VHT-SIGB field 268 is mapped to multiple spatial flows of data cell 250.Such as, in one embodiment, the first row of P matrix is used to map VHT-SIGB field 268:
VHTSIGB ( k ) = Q ( k ) D ( k ) P * 1 s VHTSIGB ( k ) Equation 2
Wherein S vHTSIGB_U1 (k)it is the kth tone of VHT-SIGB symbol.In other embodiment and/or scene, the different lines of P matrix is used to map VHT-SIGB field 268.
In certain embodiments, data cell 250 is multi-user (MU) data cells, and namely data cell 250 comprises the user-specific information for more than one user (the more than one client stations in the client stations 25 such as, in Fig. 1).Such as, according to an embodiment, data cell 250 comprises the user-specific information (namely data cell 250 is " two users " data cells) for two users.In other embodiment and/or scene, data cell 250 comprises the data of the user's (such as, 3 user, 4 users, 5 users etc.) for different number.In the embodiment that some are such, the number of VHT-LTF field 264 is directly relevant with the spatial flow sum of the recipient (user) of all expections for data cell, and single " huge " mapping matrix P is used to the training information that jointly maps for all users and all spatial flows.Such as, in one embodiment, if data cell 250 is two users' data cells, then VHT-LTF field 268 is mapped according to following formula:
VHTLTF ( k ) = [ L 1 , L 2 , . . . L N LTF ] = [ Q U 1 ( k ) , Q U 2 ( k ) ] D U 1 ( k ) 0 0 D U 2 ( k ) P ( U 1 ) _ * 1 P ( U 1 ) _ * 2 . . . P ( U 1 ) _ * N LTF P ( U 2 ) _ * 1 P ( U 2 ) _ * 2 . . . P ( U 2 ) _ * N LTF s ( k )
Equation 3
Wherein Q u1 (k)correspond to the spatial mappings of the kth tone of the VHT-LTF training field for user 1, Q u2 (k)correspond to the spatial mappings of the kth tone of the VHT-LTF training field for user 2, D u1 (k)correspond to cyclic shift diversity (CSD) phase shift diversity for the kth tone of user 1, D u2 (k)correspond to cyclic shift diversity (CSD) phase shift diversity for the kth tone of user 2, P (U1) _ * 1..., P (U1) _ * NLTFthe row of the mapping matrix P for user 1, P (U2) _ * 1..., P (U2) _ * NLTFthe row of the mapping matrix P for user 2, and S (k)it is the kth tone of VHT-LTF training symbol.
Continue with reference to Fig. 2, are embodiments for two users' data cell according to wherein data cell 250, therefore VHT-SIGB field 268 is guided to two users (supposing that each user does not see the interference from another user).In this case, the single stream of VHT-SIGB field 268 uses any row P of equation 3 (U1) _ * 1..., P (U1) _ * NLTFor P (U2) _ * 1..., P (U2) _ * NLTFbe mapped to multiple spatial flow and multiple user.Such as, in one embodiment, the first row of combining P matrix is used to according to the VHT-SIGB field 268 of following formula mapping for user 1:
VHTSGB U 1 ( k ) = Q U 1 ( k ) D U 1 ( k ) P ( U 1 ) _ * 1 s VHTSIGB _ U 1 ( k ) Equation 4
Wherein S vHTSIGB U1 (k)it is the kth tone of the VHT-SIGB symbol for user 1.In other embodiments, other row of combining P matrix are used to the user via multiple data flow, VHT-SIGB field 268 being directed into expection.
Fig. 8 has signal field for production and transfer, the flow chart of the exemplary method 800 of the such as PHY data unit of VHT-SIGB or another suitable field according to an embodiment.Method 800 is at least in part by PHY processing unit, such as PHY processing unit 20 (Fig. 1), PHY processing unit 29 (Fig. 1) and/or PHY processing unit 300 (Fig. 3) realize, and describe Fig. 8 for ease of explanation with reference to Fig. 3.But, in other embodiments, another suitable PHY processing unit and/or network interface implementation method 800.
At block 804 place, generate the signal field of the lead code of PHY data unit.In one embodiment, VHT-SIGB field is generated.In another embodiment, another proper signal field is generated.
At block 808 place, the signal field generated at block 804 place is mapped to more than first data subcarrier corresponding with the first frequency part of OFDM symbol.Such as, signal field is mapped to more than first data subcarrier corresponding with the first frequency part of OFDM symbol by BPSK constellation mapping block 306.In another embodiment, another suitable processing block of network interface realizes block 808.
At block 812 place, predetermined value is arranged in the data subcarrier set in more than first data subcarrier.Such as, in one embodiment, at least some subcarrier in the subcarrier in t easet ofasubcarriers is configured to value or certain other appropriate value of "+1 ".As another example, in one embodiment, at least some subcarrier in the subcarrier in t easet ofasubcarriers is arranged to value or certain other appropriate value of "-1 ".As another example, in one embodiment, at least some subcarrier in the subcarrier in t easet ofasubcarriers is arranged to null value.In one embodiment, block 812 is repeated by the tone in Fig. 3 and inserts block 308 to realize.In another embodiment, another suitable processing block of network interface realizes block 812.
At block 816 place, the signal field generated at block 804 place is mapped to more than second data subcarrier corresponding with the second frequency part of OFDM symbol.Such as, the tone in Fig. 3 repeats and inserts block 308 signal field to be mapped to more than second data subcarrier corresponding with the second frequency part of OFDM symbol.In another embodiment, another suitable processing block of network interface realizes block 816.
At block 820 place, predetermined value is arranged in the data subcarrier set in more than second data subcarrier.Such as, in one embodiment, at least some subcarrier in the subcarrier in t easet ofasubcarriers is arranged to value or certain other appropriate value of "+1 ".As another example, in one embodiment, at least some subcarrier in the subcarrier in t easet ofasubcarriers is arranged to value or certain other appropriate value of "-1 ".As another example, in one embodiment, at least some subcarrier in the subcarrier in t easet ofasubcarriers is arranged to null value.In one embodiment, block 820 is repeated by the tone in Fig. 3 and inserts block 308 to realize.In another embodiment, another suitable processing block of network interface achieves block 820.
At block 824 place, the guard tone in first frequency part and second frequency part, DC tone and/or pilot tones are set.In one embodiment, block 824 is realized by VHT pilot tone generation block 310 at least in part.In another embodiment, another suitable processing block of network interface realizes block 824.
At block 828 place, PHY data unit is transmitted.Such as in one embodiment, the PHY processing unit of implementation method 800 makes PHY data unit be transmitted at least in part.
Fig. 9 has signal field for production and transfer, the flow chart of another exemplary method 900 of the PHY data unit of such as VHT-SIGB or another suitable field according to an embodiment.Method 900 is at least in part by PHY processing unit, such as PHY processing unit 20 (Fig. 1), PHY processing unit 29 (Fig. 1) and/or PHY processing unit 300 (Fig. 3) realize, and describe Fig. 9 for ease of explanation with reference to Fig. 3.But, in other embodiments, another suitable PHY processing unit and/or network interface implementation method 900.
At block 904 place, generate multiple training field.Such as, in one embodiment, multiple VHT-LTF field is generated.At block 908 place, use mapping matrix that training field is mapped to signal stream.In one embodiment, mapping matrix comprises matrix P discussed above.In other embodiments, make use of other suitable mapping matrix.In one embodiment, block 908 is realized by mapping block 312.But in other embodiments, another suitable block of PHY processing unit and/or network interface realizes block 908.
At block 912 place, generate the signal field of the lead code of PHY data unit.In one embodiment, VHT-SIGB field is generated.In another embodiment, another proper signal field is generated.At block 916 place, signal field is mapped to multiple signal stream by the row being used in the mapping matrix that block 908 place utilizes.In one embodiment, make use of the row of matrix P discussed above.In other embodiments, make use of the row of another suitable mapping matrix.In one embodiment, make use of the first row of matrix P.In other embodiments, make use of the row except the first row of matrix P.
At block 920 place, signal stream is mapped to spatial flow.In one embodiment, use matrix P discussed above that signal stream is mapped to spatial flow.In other embodiments, make use of other suitable matrix.In one embodiment, block 920 is realized by spatial mappings block 316.But in other embodiments, another suitable block of PHY processing unit and/or network interface realizes block 920.
At block 924 place, PHY data unit is transmitted.Such as, in one embodiment, the PHY processing unit of implementation method 900 makes PHY data unit be transmitted at least in part.Block 924 comprises via multiple signal flow transmission at least i) multiple training field and ii) signal field (or making at least i) multiple training field and ii) signal field is transmitted).
Figure 10 has signal field for production and transfer, the flow chart of another exemplary method 950 of multi-user's PHY data unit of such as VHT-SIGB or another suitable field according to an embodiment.Method 950 is at least in part by PHY processing unit, such as PHY processing unit 20 (Fig. 1), PHY processing unit 29 (Fig. 1) and/or PHY processing unit 300 (Fig. 3) realize, and describe Figure 10 for ease of explanation with reference to Fig. 3.But, in other embodiments, another suitable PHY processing unit and/or network interface implementation method 950.
At block 954 place, for multiple user's PHY data unit generates multiple training field.Such as, in one embodiment, multiple VHT-LTF field is generated.At block 958 place, use mapping matrix that training field is mapped to signal stream.In one embodiment, mapping matrix comprises huge matrix P discussed above.In other embodiments, make use of other suitable mapping matrix.In one embodiment, block 958 is realized by mapping block 312.But in other embodiments, another suitable block of PHY processing unit and/or network interface realizes block 958.
At block 962 place, generate the first signal field of the lead code of multi-user's PHY data unit, wherein the first signal field corresponds to the first client device.In one embodiment, VHT-SIGB field is generated.In another embodiment, another proper signal field is generated.At block 966 place, the first signal field is mapped to multiple signal stream by the part being used in the row of the mapping matrix that block 958 place utilizes, and wherein this part corresponds to the first client device.In one embodiment, make use of the part of the row of huge matrix P discussed above, wherein this part corresponds to the first client device.In other embodiments, make use of the part of the row of another suitable mapping matrix.In one embodiment, make use of the part of the first row of huge matrix P.In other embodiments, make use of the part of the row except the first row of huge matrix P.
At block 970 place, generate the secondary signal field of the lead code of multi-user's PHY data unit, wherein secondary signal field corresponds to the second client device.In one embodiment, VHT-SIGB field is generated.In another embodiment, another proper signal field is generated.At block 974 place, the part of row being used in the mapping matrix that block 958 place utilizes is by secondary signal field mappings to multiple signal stream, and wherein this part is corresponding to the second client device.In one embodiment, make use of the part of the row of huge matrix P discussed above, wherein this part corresponds to the second client device.In other embodiments, make use of the part of the row of another suitable mapping matrix.In one embodiment, make use of the part of the first row of huge matrix P.In other embodiments, make use of the part of the row except the first row of huge matrix P.In one embodiment, in block 966 and 974, make use of same column.
At block 978 place, signal stream is mapped to spatial flow.In one embodiment, use matrix Q as discussed above that signal stream is mapped to spatial flow.In other embodiments, make use of other suitable matrix.In one embodiment, block 978 is realized by spatial mappings block 316.But in other embodiments, another suitable block of PHY processing unit and/or network interface realizes block 978.
At block 982 place, multi-user's PHY data unit is transmitted.Such as, in one embodiment, the PHY processing unit of implementation method 950 makes PHY data unit be transmitted at least in part.Block 982 comprises via multiple spatial stream transmission at least i) multiple training field, ii) the first signal field and iii) secondary signal field (or making at least i) multiple training field, ii) the first signal field and iii) secondary signal field is transmitted)
Figure 11 is the flow chart of the exemplary method 1000 of the OFDM symbol for generating PHY data unit according to an embodiment.In certain embodiments, method 1000 is realized by PHY processing unit, such as PHY processing unit 20 (Fig. 1), PHY processing unit 29 (Fig. 1) and/or PHY processing unit 300 (Fig. 3) at least in part.In other embodiments, other suitable PHY processing unit and/or other suitable network interface implementation method 1000.
At block 1002 place, encode to generate the information bit by the multiple codings be included in OFDM symbol to multiple information bit.Multiple information bit corresponds to the first bandwidth, and OFDM symbol comprises several data subcarriers corresponding to the second bandwidth, and the second band is wider than the first bandwidth.Such as, in various embodiment and/or scene, multiple information bit corresponds to fundamental channel bandwidth B, such as 1MHz bandwidth, 2MHz bandwidth, 4MHz bandwidth, 20MHz bandwidth, 40MHz bandwidth or another suitable base channel width, and OFDM symbol comprises and the channel width being greater than primary bandwidth, multiple data tones that such as mB bandwidth channel is corresponding, wherein m be greater than one suitable integer.
At block 1004 place, by the bit mapping of multiple coding to multiple constellation symbol.At block 1006 place, by multiple constellation symbol mapped to more than first data subcarrier corresponding with the first frequency part of OFDM symbol.
At block 1008 place, predetermined value is arranged in the set of one or more data subcarrier in more than first data subcarrier.Such as, in one embodiment, at least some subcarrier in the subcarrier in t easet ofasubcarriers is arranged to value or certain other appropriate value of "+1 ".As another example, in one embodiment, at least some subcarrier in the subcarrier in t easet ofasubcarriers is arranged to value or certain other appropriate value of "-1 ".As another example, in one embodiment, at least some subcarrier in the subcarrier in t easet ofasubcarriers is arranged to null value.In one embodiment, block 1006 is repeated by the tone in Fig. 3 and inserts block 308 to realize.In one embodiment, another suitable processing block of network interface realizes block 1006.
At block 1010 place, by multiple constellation symbol mapped to more than second data subcarrier corresponding with the second frequency part of OFDM symbol.Such as, the tone in Fig. 3 repeats and inserts block 308 signal field to be mapped to more than second data subcarrier corresponding with the second frequency part of OFDM symbol.In another embodiment, another suitable processing block of network interface realizes block 1010.
At block 1012 place, predetermined value is arranged in the set of one or more data subcarrier in more than second data subcarrier.Such as, in one embodiment, at least some subcarrier in the subcarrier in t easet ofasubcarriers is arranged to value or certain other appropriate value of "+1 ".As another example, in one embodiment, at least some subcarrier in the subcarrier in t easet ofasubcarriers is arranged to value or certain other appropriate value of "-1 ".As another example, in one embodiment, at least some subcarrier in the subcarrier in t easet ofasubcarriers is arranged to null value.In one embodiment, block 1012 is repeated by the tone in Fig. 3 and inserts block 308 to realize.In another embodiment, another suitable processing block of network interface realizes block 1012.
At block 1014 place, generate OFDM symbol to comprise more than at least the first data subcarriers and more than second data subcarrier.In one embodiment, OFDM symbol is generated to comprise one or more tones in (i) guard tone, (ii) DC tone and (iii) pilot tones further.Such as, in one embodiment, OFDM symbol meets by short range communication protocols, such as the form of IEEE 802.11n standard or IEEE 802.11ac standard definition.In another embodiment, OFDM symbol meets communication protocol, such as IEEE 802.11ah standard or IEEE 802.11af standard, and the version (such as, there is same tone and/or bit distribution) being the frequency reducing of the OFDM symbol meeting short range communication protocols.In other embodiments, OFDM symbol meets one or more other suitable communication protocol.
In one embodiment, the lead code in data cell is comprised OFDM symbol.Such as, in some embodiments and/or scene, OFDM symbol corresponds to the signal field comprised in lead code or trains field.In other embodiment and/or scene, the data division in data cell is comprised OFDM symbol.
Hardware can be utilized, perform the processor of firmware instructions, the processor of executive software instruction or its any combination to realize various pieces described above, at least some block in operation and technology, operation and technology.When utilizing the processor of executive software or firmware instructions to realize, can in the medium of any tangible, non-transient computer-readable recording medium or such as disk, CD, RAM, ROM, flash memory, hard drive, disc drives, magnetic tape drive etc. storing software or firmware instructions.Software or firmware instructions can comprise machine readable instructions, make one or more processor perform various action when this machine readable instructions is performed by one or more processor.
When realizing within hardware, hardware can comprise in discrete parts, integrated circuit, application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) (ASIC), programmable logic device etc. one or multinomial.
According to the first embodiment, the method of OFDM (OFDM) symbol of the data cell via traffic channel comprises by a kind of generation encodes to generate the bit by the multiple codings be included in OFDM symbol to multiple information bit, wherein multiple information bit corresponds to the first bandwidth, and wherein OFDM symbol comprises the several data tones corresponding with the second bandwidth, the second band is wider than the first bandwidth.The method also comprise by the bit mapping of multiple coding to multiple constellation symbol and by multiple constellation symbol mapped to more than first data subcarrier corresponding with the Part I of OFDM symbol.The method comprises further is arranged to one or more predetermined value by the data subcarrier subset in more than first data subcarrier.The method further comprises by multiple constellation symbol mapped to more than second data subcarrier corresponding with the Part II of OFDM symbol, and the data subcarrier subset in more than second data subcarrier is arranged to one or more predetermined value.The method additionally comprises generation OFDM symbol to comprise more than at least the first data subcarriers and more than second data subcarrier.
In other embodiments, the method comprises any combination of one or more feature in following characteristics.
Data subcarrier subset in more than first data subcarrier is arranged to one or more predetermined value comprise at least one data subcarrier in the data subcarrier subset in more than first data subcarrier is arranged to null value.
Data subcarrier subset in more than second data subcarrier is arranged to one or more predetermined value comprise at least one data subcarrier in the data subcarrier subset in more than second data subcarrier is arranged to null value.
Data subcarrier subset in more than first data subcarrier is arranged to one or more predetermined value comprise at least one data subcarrier in the data subcarrier subset in more than first data subcarrier is arranged to nonzero value.
Data subcarrier subset in more than second data subcarrier is arranged to one or more predetermined value comprise at least one data subcarrier in the data subcarrier subset in more than second data subcarrier is arranged to nonzero value.
The method to comprise multiple constellation symbol mapped to three many data subcarriers corresponding with the Part III of OFDM symbol further, and the data subcarrier subset in the 3rd many data subcarriers is arranged to one or more predetermined value.
Generation OFDM symbol is included in OFDM symbol further and comprises the 3rd many data subcarriers.
The method comprises the lead code generating physical layer (PHY) data cell further, and wherein this lead code comprises OFDM symbol.
The method comprises the data division generating physical layer (PHY) data cell further, and wherein this data division comprises OFDM symbol.
The method comprise further (i) one or more added bit is inserted in multiple information bit and (ii) before information bit is encoded, repeat multiple information bit and added bit to generate the bit of multiple repetition, wherein the information bit bit comprised multiple repetition of encoding is encoded.
First bandwidth corresponds to bandwidth B and the second bandwidth corresponds to bandwidth mB, and wherein m is integer.
In another embodiment, a kind of device comprises: network interface, this network interface is configured to encode to generate the bit by the multiple codings be included in OFDM symbol to multiple information bit, wherein multiple information bit corresponds to the first bandwidth, and wherein OFDM symbol comprises the several data tones corresponding with the second bandwidth, the second band is wider than the first bandwidth.Network interface is also configured to by the bit mapping of multiple coding to multiple constellation symbol, and by multiple constellation symbol mapped to more than first data subcarrier corresponding with the Part I of OFDM symbol.Network interface is also configured to the data subcarrier subset in more than first data subcarrier to be arranged to one or more predetermined value.Network interface is also configured to further by multiple constellation symbol mapped to more than second data subcarrier corresponding with the Part II of OFDM symbol, and the data subcarrier subset in more than second data subcarrier is arranged to one or more predetermined value.Network interface is additionally configured to generate OFDM symbol at least to comprise the data subcarrier corresponding with Part I and the data subcarrier corresponding with Part II.
In other embodiments, this device comprises any combination of one or more feature in following characteristics.
Network interface is configured to one or more tones comprised in OFDM symbol in (i) guard tone, (ii) direct current (DC) tone and (iii) pilot tones further.
Data subcarrier subset in more than first data subcarrier is arranged to one or more predetermined value comprise at least one data subcarrier in the data subcarrier subset in more than first data subcarrier is arranged to null value.
Data subcarrier subset in more than second data subcarrier is arranged to one or more predetermined value comprise at least one data subcarrier in the data subcarrier subset in more than second data subcarrier is arranged to null value.
Data subcarrier subset in more than first data subcarrier is arranged to one or more predetermined value comprise at least one data subcarrier in the data subcarrier subset in more than first data subcarrier is arranged to nonzero value.
Data subcarrier subset in more than second data subcarrier is arranged to one or more predetermined value comprise at least one data subcarrier in the data subcarrier subset in more than second data subcarrier is arranged to nonzero value.
Network interface to be configured to multiple constellation symbol mapped, to three many data subcarriers corresponding with the Part III of OFDM symbol, the data subcarrier subset in the 3rd many data subcarriers is arranged to one or more predetermined value further; And generate OFDM symbol to comprise the 3rd many data subcarriers further.
Network interface is configured to the lead code generating physical layer (PHY) data cell further, and wherein this lead code comprises OFDM symbol.
Network interface is configured to the data division generating physical layer (PHY) data cell further, and wherein this data division comprises OFDM symbol.
Network interface is configured to one or more added bit to insert in multiple information bit further; And before information bit is encoded, repeat multiple information bit and added bit to generate the bit of multiple repetition, wherein the information bit bit comprised multiple repetition of encoding is encoded.
First bandwidth corresponds to bandwidth B and the second bandwidth corresponds to bandwidth mB, and wherein m is integer.
Although describe the present invention with reference to concrete example, concrete example is intended to be only illustrative and unrestricted the present invention, can change, add and/or delete and do not depart from scope of the present invention disclosed embodiment.

Claims (18)

1. generate a method for OFDM (OFDM) symbol of the data cell via traffic channel, described method comprises:
Encode to generate the bit by the multiple codings be included in described OFDM symbol to multiple information bit, wherein said multiple information bit corresponds to the first bandwidth, and wherein said OFDM symbol comprises the several data tones corresponding with the second bandwidth, described second band is wider than described first bandwidth;
By the bit mapping of described multiple coding to multiple constellation symbol;
By described multiple constellation symbol mapped to more than first data subcarrier corresponding with the Part I of described OFDM symbol;
Data subcarrier subset in described more than first data subcarrier is arranged to one or more predetermined value;
By described multiple constellation symbol mapped to more than second data subcarrier corresponding with the Part II of described OFDM symbol;
Data subcarrier subset in described more than second data subcarrier is arranged to one or more predetermined value; And
Generate described OFDM symbol to comprise at least described more than first data subcarrier and described more than second data subcarrier.
2. method according to claim 1, wherein generates described OFDM symbol and is included in described OFDM symbol further and comprises one or more tones in (i) guard tone, (ii) direct current (DC) tone and (iii) pilot tones.
3. method according to claim 1, is wherein arranged to one or more predetermined value and comprises at least one data subcarrier in the described data subcarrier subset in described more than first data subcarrier is arranged to null value by the described data subcarrier subset in described more than first data subcarrier; And
Wherein the described data subcarrier subset in described more than second data subcarrier is arranged to one or more predetermined value comprise at least one data subcarrier in the described data subcarrier subset in described more than second data subcarrier is arranged to described null value.
4. method according to claim 1, is wherein arranged to one or more predetermined value and comprises at least one data subcarrier in the described data subcarrier subset in described more than first data subcarrier is arranged to nonzero value by the described data subcarrier subset in described more than first data subcarrier; And
Wherein the described data subcarrier subset in described more than second data subcarrier is arranged to one or more predetermined value comprise at least one data subcarrier in the described data subcarrier subset in described more than second data subcarrier is arranged to described nonzero value.
5. method according to claim 1, comprises further:
By described multiple constellation symbol mapped to three many data subcarriers corresponding with the Part III of described OFDM symbol; And
Data subcarrier subset in described 3rd many data subcarriers is arranged to one or more predetermined value; And
Wherein generate described OFDM symbol to be included in described OFDM symbol further and to comprise described 3rd many data subcarriers.
6. method according to claim 1, comprise the lead code generating physical layer (PHY) data cell further, wherein said lead code comprises described OFDM symbol.
7. method according to claim 1, comprise the data division generating physical layer (PHY) data cell further, wherein said data division comprises described OFDM symbol.
8. method according to claim 1, comprise further (i) one or more added bit is inserted in described multiple information bit and (ii) before described information bit is encoded, repeat described multiple information bit and described added bit to generate the bit of multiple repetition, wherein the described information bit bit comprised described multiple repetition of encoding is encoded.
9. method according to claim 1, wherein said first bandwidth corresponds to bandwidth B and described second bandwidth corresponds to bandwidth mB, and wherein m is integer.
10. a device, comprising:
Network interface, described network interface is configured to:
Encode to generate the bit by the multiple codings be included in OFDM symbol to multiple information bit, wherein said multiple information bit corresponds to the first bandwidth, and wherein said OFDM symbol comprises the several data tones corresponding with the second bandwidth, described second band is wider than described first bandwidth;
By the bit mapping of described multiple coding to multiple constellation symbol;
By described multiple constellation symbol mapped to more than first data subcarrier corresponding with the Part I of described OFDM symbol;
Data subcarrier subset in described more than first data subcarrier is arranged to one or more predetermined value;
By described multiple constellation symbol mapped to more than second data subcarrier corresponding with the Part II of described OFDM symbol;
Data subcarrier subset in described more than second data subcarrier is arranged to one or more predetermined value; And
Generate described OFDM symbol at least to comprise the described data subcarrier corresponding with described Part I and the described data subcarrier corresponding with described Part II.
11. devices according to claim 10, wherein said network interface is configured to one or more tones comprised in described OFDM symbol in (i) guard tone, (ii) direct current (DC) tone and (iii) pilot tones further.
12. devices according to claim 10, wherein said network interface is configured to further:
At least one data subcarrier in described data subcarrier subset in described more than first data subcarrier is arranged to null value; And
At least one data subcarrier in described data subcarrier subset in described more than second data subcarrier is arranged to described null value.
13. devices according to claim 10, wherein said network interface is configured to further:
At least one data subcarrier in described data subcarrier subset in described more than first data subcarrier is arranged to nonzero value; And
At least one data subcarrier in described data subcarrier subset in described more than second data subcarrier is arranged to described nonzero value.
14. devices according to claim 10, wherein said network interface is configured to further:
By described multiple constellation symbol mapped to three many data subcarriers corresponding with the Part III of described OFDM symbol;
Data subcarrier subset in described 3rd many data subcarriers is arranged to one or more predetermined value; And
Generate described OFDM symbol to comprise described 3rd many data subcarriers further.
15. devices according to claim 10, wherein said network interface is configured to the lead code generating physical layer (PHY) data cell further, and wherein said lead code comprises described OFDM symbol.
16. devices according to claim 10, wherein said network interface is configured to the data division generating physical layer (PHY) data cell further, and wherein said data division comprises described OFDM symbol.
17. devices according to claim 10, wherein said network interface is configured to further:
One or more added bit is inserted in described multiple information bit; And
Before described information bit is encoded, repeat described multiple information bit and described added bit to generate the bit of multiple repetition, wherein the described information bit bit comprised described multiple repetition of encoding is encoded.
18. devices according to claim 11, wherein said first bandwidth corresponds to bandwidth B and described second bandwidth corresponds to bandwidth mB, and wherein m is integer.
CN201380058169.6A 2012-09-20 2013-09-20 For Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) sign form of WLAN (WLAN) Active CN104769880B (en)

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