CN104768638B - 用于催化裂化反应器的进料管嘴组件 - Google Patents

用于催化裂化反应器的进料管嘴组件 Download PDF

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CN104768638B
CN104768638B CN201380055652.9A CN201380055652A CN104768638B CN 104768638 B CN104768638 B CN 104768638B CN 201380055652 A CN201380055652 A CN 201380055652A CN 104768638 B CN104768638 B CN 104768638B
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nozzle assembly
feed pipe
pipe
inner tube
gas
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CN104768638A (zh
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D·J·布洛斯滕
陈岳孟
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Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV
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    • B05B7/0491—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing one gas and one liquid the liquid and the gas being mixed at least twice along the flow path of the liquid
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    • B05B7/06—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with at least one outlet orifice surrounding another approximately in the same plane
    • B05B7/062—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with at least one outlet orifice surrounding another approximately in the same plane with only one liquid outlet and at least one gas outlet
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Abstract

一种反应器容器和一种用于将气体和液体进给到这种反应器容器中的进料管嘴组件(1)，所述进料管嘴组件包括供给第一液体物料例如油的外管(3)、供给弥散气体例如蒸汽的内管(2)、供给第二液体物料例如生物资源的第三管(23)、和管嘴端部。一种催化裂化工艺，其中，两种或更多种碳氢化合物液体共同地被弥散到弥散气体中，并经由同一进料管嘴组件(1)喷射到催化裂化反应器(30)中。

Description

用于催化裂化反应器的进料管嘴组件
技术领域
本发明涉及一种将气体和液体进给到反应器容器中的进料管嘴组件，尤其是用于将弥散气体(例如蒸汽)和液体物料进给到催化裂化反应器中的进料管嘴。
背景技术
在流化催化裂化单元和类似工艺中，进料管嘴组件可以用来将重油馏分与弥散气体进给至反应器(一般为提升管反应器)，在反应器中，碳氢化合物物料与再生的颗粒状固体催化剂相接触。原油中含有的大链烃分子借助于裂化催化剂被裂解成更小且更有价值的商业产品，例如汽油和柴油类碳氢化合物。催化剂可选择性地帮助所要的裂化反应来主要地生成所希望的碳氢化合物产品。
进料管嘴组件的例子披露在WO 2012/041782中。该进料管嘴包括内管和外管，所述内管限定蒸汽管道，外管绕内管同轴地布置以限定环形碳氢化合物管道。这种进料管嘴组件典型地用作用于将液态碳氢化合物物料喷射到提升管反应器中的主要喷射点。
作为原油的替代物，诸如生物资源的可再生能源变得愈加重要。催化裂化工艺可以用来由生物资源生成碳氢化合物燃料。如果生物资源与原油物料或其他类型的液态碳氢化合物主要物料共同裂解，则能够实现好的结果。但是，为催化裂化反应器的提升斗组件或提升管增加第二个或另一个进料管嘴需要结构上的改变，且成本高。生物资源物料与碳氢化合物物料在进料管嘴的上游混合是一种不可行的选择，因为生物资源典型地包括颗粒材料，如果颗粒材料与油预混合后被进给至提升管反应器，会导致进料管线和阀的堵塞。此外，生物资源一般可以包含可能导致污秽碳氢化合物物料管线的组分。另外，生物资源如果长时间暴露于碳氢化合物物料温度，则可能会分解。
发明内容
因此，本发明的目标是在不需要高成本地改变提升斗组件、提升管或裂化反应器的其他部件的情况下实现不同碳氢化合物物料例如原油和生物资源的组合裂解。
为此，本申请公开了一种用于将气体和液体进给到反应器容器中的进料管嘴组件。所述进料管嘴组件包括：
-在液体物料入口和管嘴出口之间延伸的外管；
-带有下游区段的内管，所述下游区段具有气体出口。所述内管的下游区段布置在外管内，以限定环形管道。所述外管的管嘴出口位于所述内管的气体出口的下游，且与所述内管的气体出口成一条直线。
-第三管，所述第三管的一端连接至第二液体物料入口，相对的另一端具有一出口。该出口位于所述气体出口上游的环形管道内。
主要碳氢化合物物料(典型地为原油)可以经由环形管道进给至反应器，在环形管道中，所述主要碳氢化合物物料与经由第三管供应的第二碳氢化合物物料(例如生物资源)的流汇合。所组合的物料接着可以被气体物料冲散，并被雾化进入反应器中。生物资源在管嘴处被喷射到碳氢化合物物料中。这确保生物资源物料与碳氢化合物物料的接触时间短。
第三管还可以用于供应任何其他类型的液体，例如酸性水。酸性水是酸精炼厂工艺用水，例如来自流化催化裂化(FCC)工艺的工艺用水，其含有硫化氢以及其他自由基。通过将酸性水注射到提升管中，允许在没有催化剂冷却器的情况下控制单元的能量平衡，并通过降低提升管反应器的压降帮助提高催化剂循环速率。
其他液体或气体也可以经由第三管供给。可选地，根据需要，还可以提供另外的管用于供给另外的物料类型。
可选地，第三管还连接至吹扫气体源。在生物资源物料被阻断的情况下，吹扫气体流使生物资源物料管及其出口保持没有碎屑，避免堵塞。吹扫气体可以例如是与所使用的弥散气体例如蒸汽相同的气体。
在一特定实施例中，第三管可以具有与内管平行地例如同轴地布置的下游区段。例如，第三管可以是环形管道中的一系列平行管区段的一部分，例如WO 2012/041782中提出的***管。***管减低内管的振动，并可以例如通过垂直于内管轴线的环形板保持在适当位置，所述环形板具有分别容置第三管和***管的开口。***管的数量，包括进料管嘴组件的第三管，可以例如为3到15根。这些管可以均匀地分布在环形管道的横截面上。
为将第三管连接至第二物料源，第三管可以设置有横穿外管的壁的区段，例如管弯头。
第三管可以例如可操作地连接于碳氢化合物物料源，诸如生物资源，优选地流体生物资源。适合的生物资源物料可以包括来源于例如下列的流体生物资源材料：木质纤维材料，诸如农业废料，林木残渣，木碎屑，稻草，糠，谷物，牧草，玉米，玉米皮，野草，水生植物，干草和包括生物材料或生物源材料的任何纤维素，还包括城市废物。适合的生物资源物料可以例如是来源于上述木质纤维材料的热解油。这种热解油可以通过热解所述木质纤维材料并可选地完全或部分地加氢氧化所获得的热解产物而获得。木质纤维材料的热解工艺以及用于部分地加氢氧化所获得的热解产物的可选工艺的例子描述在EP-A-2325281中。
为使用进料管嘴组件与流化催化裂化反应器，内管可以例如可操作地连接至弥散气体源，而外管可操作地连接至液态碳氢化合物馏分源。弥散气体可以例如是或包括蒸汽和/或氮气和/或任何其他适合的弥散气体。液态碳氢化合物馏分可以例如是原油。
因此，进料管嘴组件尤其可用于催化裂化反应器，特别地是FCC反应器。这样的反应器可以包括一个或更多个这样的进料管嘴组件，例如侧部进入式进料管嘴组件。典型地，这样的反应器包括提升管，在所述提升管中，原油馏分的雾化液滴接触再生油裂化催化剂的固体颗粒。提升管的下端可以连接至催化剂提升斗或J型弯头构造，在催化剂提升斗或J型弯头中可以布置一个或更多个进料管嘴组件。
进料管嘴组件可以与催化裂化工艺一起使用，其中，液态碳氢化合物主要馏分(例如原油或重油)被弥散成弥散气体，尤其是蒸汽，并经由一个或更多个进料管嘴组件喷射到催化裂化反应器中。一种或更多种另外的碳氢化合物馏分(诸如生物资源)和/或酸性水可以进给至同一进料管嘴组件，以与碳氢化合物主要馏分共同地弥散。
附图说明
现在将参照附图通过实例更详细地描述本发明，其中：
图1显示了本发明的进料管嘴组件的纵截面；
图2示意性显示了包括图1的进料管嘴的流化催化裂化反应器。
具体实施方式
图1显示了进料管嘴组件1，用于将蒸汽、原油和生物资源进给到催化裂化反应器中。进料管嘴组件1包括圆筒形内管2和圆筒形外管3。内管2限定一气体管道，并在弥散气体入口4与带有一个或多个孔5的弥散气体出口之间延伸。外管3在液体入口6和管嘴出口7之间延伸，所述管嘴出口与内管2的一个或多个气体孔5对准。所述一个或多个气体孔5布置在管嘴出口7的上游。
外管3的外端部由包括所述管嘴出口7的半球形端壁8界定。类似地，内管2的外端部由包括弥散气体孔5的半球形端壁9界定。这两个半球形端壁8、9限定一腔室11。
内管2同轴地布置在外管3内，以限定环形液体管道13。一系列等间距布置的平行管14位于所述环形管道13内。这些管14固定在环形板16中，所述环形板16垂直于内管2和外管3的纵向轴线延伸。环形板16包括用于保持内管2的中心开口17和用于保持所述管14的环形排列的开口18。
内管2的上游端经由管弯头19连接至径向延伸的弥散气体入口4。管弯头19横穿外管3的壁21。弥散气体入口4进入进料管嘴组件1中的这种径向侧部进入允许更好地进入到进料管嘴组件1内部。在替换实施例中，液体入口6可以径向布置，而弥散气体入口4同轴地与管嘴成一条直线。
管14包括：***管22，所述***管允许液态碳氢化合物馏分的流通过环形管道13；和至少一个生物资源管23，所述至少一个生物资源管通过管弯头24连接至用于生物资源的径向延伸入口26。管弯头24横穿外管3的壁21。生物资源管23的出口27位于出口5、7上游的环形管道13内。
管嘴出口7可以包括一个或更多个任何适合轮廓的开口或孔，例如细长形狭缝。蒸汽出口5可以例如设置有一排或多排孔或开口，更具体地说1到8排孔或开口，或1到6排孔或开口。
内管2包括吹扫孔28。这些吹扫孔28确保：如果在例如紧急情况下停止碳氢化合物液体供给，弥散气体的一部分可流过环形管道13。为了最大程度地使用所添加的弥散气体，吹扫孔28可以定位在内管2的位于外管3内的那部分的上游半部中。
图2显示了包括图1的进料管嘴组件1的流化催化裂化反应器的示意图。反应器30包括提升管反应器31。在提升管反应器31中，雾化液体物料与催化所要的裂化反应的颗粒固体催化剂相接触。使用过的催化剂经由管线32进给至再生器33，在再生器33中，催化剂被再生。再生的催化剂经由回流管线34回到提升管反应器31以便再次使用。如图1所示类型的进料管嘴组件1在提升管反应器31的壁上安装成侧部进入式进料管嘴。进料管嘴组件1相对于竖直提升管反应器壁成锐角地向上指向。为了将油料均匀地分布在提升管上，多个侧部进入式进料管嘴可以在相同或不同的高度定位在提升管周边上。将管嘴放置在提升管周边周围的另一优点是，这倾向于消除催化剂朝提升管壁移动的趋势。
在进料管嘴组件1正常操作期间，弥散气体(一般为蒸汽)从弥散气体入口4通过内管2供给，而碳氢化合物物料(一般为原油)可以经由入口6供给至环形液体管道13。第二碳氢化合物液态物料(例如生物资源)经由第三管23供给。离开蒸汽孔5的蒸汽使得生物资源和原油共同弥散。混合后的碳氢化合物物料在管嘴出口7处被雾化到流化催化裂化反应炉中。
在流化催化裂化反应器的提升管31中，碳氢化合物物料在再生的热催化剂作用下被汽化和裂解成更小分子。催化剂可以例如具有至少600℃的温度。裂化产物蒸汽借助于旋流器与废催化剂分离。在将碳氢化合物物料进给到进料管嘴以及提升管反应器之前，通常要加热碳氢化合物物料，优选加热至150℃到300℃的温度。

Claims (8)

1.一种将气体和液体进给到反应器容器中的进料管嘴组件(1)，所述进料管嘴组件包括：
-在第一液体物料入口(6)和管嘴出口(7)之间延伸的外管(3)；
-内管(2)，该内管(2)包括位于所述内管(2)上游半部分中的吹扫孔(28)，该内管的下游区段(12)具有气体出口(5)，所述内管的下游区段布置在外管内，以限定环形管道(13)，其中，所述外管的管嘴出口位于所述内管的气体出口(5)的下游并与所述内管的气体出口成一条直线；
-第三管(23)，所述第三管的一端连接至第二液体物料入口(26)，该第三管的相对的另一端具有一出口(27)，至少该出口位于所述气体出口(5)上游的环形管道(13)内。
2.如权利要求1所述的进料管嘴组件，其中，所述第三管(23)平行于所述内管(2)。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的进料管嘴组件，其中，所述第三管(23)连接至横穿所述外管(3)的壁(21)的管弯头(24)。
4.如权利要求1或2所述的进料管嘴组件，其中，所述第三管(23)是位于环形管道(13)中的一系列平行管(14)的一部分。
5.一种催化裂化反应器，其包括一个或更多个如前述权利要求中任一项所述的进料管嘴组件。
6.如权利要求5所述的催化裂化反应器，其中，所述进料管嘴组件(1)中的至少一个是侧部进入式进料管嘴组件。
7.一种催化裂化工艺，其中，第一液态碳氢化合物馏分被散播到弥散气体中，并经由一个或更多个根据权利要求1所述的进料管嘴组件喷射到催化裂化反应器(30)中，其中，一种或更多种另外的碳氢化合物馏分也被进给至所述进料管嘴组件，并与第一液态碳氢化合物馏分共同地被弥散。
8.如权利要求7所述的催化裂化工艺，其中，第一液态碳氢化合物馏分物料是油，所述一种或更多种另外的碳氢化合物馏分包括至少一种生物资源馏分。
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