A kind of preparation method of cathode material for lithium ion battery
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of lithium ion, particularly relate to a kind of preparation method of cathode material for lithium ion battery.
Background technology
The performance of power lithium-ion battery depends on electrode material and electrolyte, and current research shows, performance and the price of lithium ion battery in the performance of cathode material and price decision.Traditional cathode material for lithium ion battery cobalt acid lithium (LiCoO
2), LiFePO4 (LiFePO
4) and spinel structure LiMn2O4 (LiMn
2o
4), their specific capacity is at 200mAh.g
-1below, relative to being stabilized in 350mAh.g
-1above carbon negative pole material, the low capacity of positive electrode is apparent becomes the barrier suppressing batteries of electric automobile to increase course continuation mileage, and development of new positive electrode is extremely urgent.In addition, while guarantee cell high-capacity, high security is also the major issue that must consider.
In prior art, xLi
2mnO
3(1-x) LiMO
2class rich lithium manganese base solid solution (wherein M is transition metal) can provide more than 230mAh.g
-1specific capacity, and can occur charging platform at about 4.5V, this feature makes material can present higher energy density, by the transiting metal component in reasonably optimizing lithium-rich manganese base material and ratio, can prepare specific discharge capacity close to 300mAh.g
-1positive electrode, its energy density even can reach 900Wh.kg
-1, but at present rich lithium manganese base solid solution also runs into a lot of problem in actual applications, and such as cycle performance is not good, high rate performance is not good and the problem such as poor stability.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of preparation method of cathode material for lithium ion battery, the cathode material utilizing this preparation method to obtain has high rate performance excellence, the feature of good cycle, effectively can improve the defect of conventional rich lithium material.
A preparation method for cathode material for lithium ion battery, described method comprises:
Utilize the nickel salt of solubility, manganese salt, cobalt salt and a small amount of ammoniacal liquor, adopt ultrasonic-microwave aid coprecipitation method to prepare with rich nickel material for core, and reduce the functionally gradient material (FGM) presoma of nickel ratio gradually to extension centered by core;
Obtained functionally gradient material (FGM) presoma is mixed with a certain amount of lithium source; Described lithium source is (1.2+a) with the content ratio of metallic element in described functionally gradient material (FGM) presoma: 0.8, wherein-0.05≤a≤0.2;
Rich lithium functionally gradient material (FGM) is obtained after adopting microwave to heat mixed material; Wherein, microwave heating time is 10min-5h, and microwave intensity adopts 300W-900W, and sintering atmosphere adopts aerobic environment;
Again the rich lithium functionally gradient material (FGM) after microwave heating is adopted ultrasonic wave dispersion, add the aniline after purifying or pyrrole monomer, and add a certain amount of oxidant, after strong stirring certain hour, obtain the rich lithium functionally gradient material (FGM) being coated with nano-level conducting polymeric membrane.
As seen from the above technical solution provided by the invention, the cathode material utilizing this preparation method to obtain has high rate performance excellence, the feature of good cycle, effectively can improve the defect of conventional rich lithium material.
Accompanying drawing explanation
In order to be illustrated more clearly in the technical scheme of the embodiment of the present invention, below the accompanying drawing used required in describing embodiment is briefly described, apparently, accompanying drawing in the following describes is only some embodiments of the present invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art, under the prerequisite not paying creative work, other accompanying drawings can also be obtained according to these accompanying drawings.
Preparation method's schematic flow sheet of the cathode material for lithium ion battery that Fig. 1 provides for the embodiment of the present invention;
Figure 2 shows that the charge-discharge performance schematic diagram of the cathode material prepared by the embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, be clearly and completely described the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention, obviously, described embodiment is only the present invention's part embodiment, instead of whole embodiments.Based on embodiments of the invention, those of ordinary skill in the art, not making the every other embodiment obtained under creative work prerequisite, belong to protection scope of the present invention.
Be described in further detail the embodiment of the present invention below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, be illustrated in figure 1 preparation method's schematic flow sheet of the cathode material for lithium ion battery that the embodiment of the present invention provides, described method comprises:
Step 11: utilize the nickel salt of solubility, manganese salt, cobalt salt and a small amount of ammoniacal liquor, adopts ultrasonic-microwave aid coprecipitation method to prepare with rich nickel material for core, and reduce the functionally gradient material (FGM) presoma of nickel ratio gradually to extension centered by core;
In this step, in described functionally gradient material (FGM) presoma, the content ratio of the nickel of rich nickel core, manganese, cobalt is (0.8-x): (0.2-y): (x+y), and the content ratio of the nickel of rich manganese shell, manganese, cobalt is (0.8-x-z): (0.2-y+z): (x+y);
Wherein, the value of x is 0≤x≤0.8, and the value of y is 0≤y≤0.2, and the value of z is 0≤z≤0.8.
In addition, in preparation process, introduce ultrasonic-microwave device can improve dispersion of materials degree, to reduce the generated time of material, simultaneously in the process adopting ultrasonic-microwave aid coprecipitation method:
The temperature of microwave heating is 40 ~ 70 DEG C, and the time of coprecipitation reaction is 0.5h ~ 10h, and is between 6 ~ 8 by the pH value of ammoniacal liquor regulation and control reaction.
Above-mentioned soluble nickel salt, manganese salt, cobalt salt are all solubilized salt forms of nickel, manganese, cobalt.
Step 12: obtained functionally gradient material (FGM) presoma is mixed with a certain amount of lithium source;
In this step, the lithium source adopted comprises LiOH, LiNO
3, CH
3cOOLi and Li
2cO
3in one or more, and the content of described lithium source and metallic element in described functionally gradient material (FGM) presoma is than being (1.2+a): 0.8, wherein-0.05≤a≤0.2.
Step 13: obtain rich lithium functionally gradient material (FGM) after adopting microwave to heat mixed material;
In this step, microwave heating time is 10min-5h, and microwave intensity adopts 300W-900W, and sintering atmosphere adopts aerobic environment.
Step 14: the richer lithium functionally gradient material (FGM) after microwave heating is adopted ultrasonic wave dispersion, add the aniline after purifying or pyrrole monomer, and add a certain amount of oxidant, obtain the rich lithium functionally gradient material (FGM) being coated with nano-level conducting polymeric membrane after strong stirring certain hour.
In this step, be coated with in the rich lithium functionally gradient material (FGM) of nano-level conducting polymeric membrane obtained: the quality of conducting polymer accounts for the 0.02%-5% of rich lithium functionally gradient material (FGM) quality, by this coated process, conductivity and the cycle performance of rich lithium material can be improved further.
The ultrasonic time of above-mentioned ultrasonic wave dispersion is 0.5h-5h, and the time of strong stirring is 2h-8h; The oxidant added is one or more in potassium permanganate, sodium thiosulfate and iron chloride.
With concrete example, above-mentioned preparation method is described in detail below:
Embodiment 1, by nickel nitrate, manganese nitrate and cobalt nitrate according to nickel: manganese: cobalt is that the ratio of 0.7:0.2:0.1 joins on the device of accompanying drawing 1 respectively, add ammoniacal liquor carry out regulate and control reaction pH be 7.Along with reaction is constantly carried out, being regulated and controled the addition of various metallic solution by valve shown in figure, after reaction 2h, is 0.2:0.7:0.1 by the proportion adjustment of nickel, manganese and cobalt, stops adding metallic solution and ammoniacal liquor.Reaction is stopped after continuing reaction 1h.
By obtain filtration of material, drying, obtain persursor material.
The persursor material obtained is mixed with lithium hydroxide, wherein Li: the ratio of metal is 1.2:0.8.Mixed material is placed in microwave atmosphere, passes into oxygen, under 500W microwave intensity, heat 3h, obtains rich lithium functionally gradient material (FGM).
Embodiment 2, by nickelous sulfate, manganese sulfate and cobaltous sulfate according to nickel: manganese: cobalt is that the ratio of 0.7:0.1:0.2 joins on the device of accompanying drawing 1 respectively, add ammoniacal liquor carry out regulate and control reaction pH be 7.Along with reaction is constantly carried out, being regulated and controled the addition of various metallic solution by valve shown in figure, after reaction 2h, is 0.1:0.7:0.2 by the proportion adjustment of nickel, manganese and cobalt, stops adding metallic solution and ammoniacal liquor.Reaction is stopped after continuing reaction 1h.
By obtain filtration of material, drying, obtain persursor material.
The persursor material obtained is mixed with lithium hydroxide, wherein Li: the ratio of metal is 1.25:0.8.Mixed material is placed in microwave atmosphere, passes into oxygen, under 600W microwave intensity, heat 4h, obtains rich lithium functionally gradient material (FGM).
The rich lithium functionally gradient material (FGM) ultrasonic disperse 1h obtained, adds the aniline monomer after purifying afterwards, continues ultrasonic limit, limit and adds oxidant sodium thiosulfate, after adding, stop ultrasonic, strong stirring 3h, obtains the rich lithium functionally gradient material (FGM) of polyaniline-coated.
Embodiment 3, by nickel acetate, manganese acetate and cobalt acetate according to nickel: manganese: cobalt is that the ratio of 0.7:0.1:0.2 joins on the device of accompanying drawing 1 respectively, add ammoniacal liquor carry out regulate and control reaction pH be 6.5.Along with reaction is constantly carried out, being regulated and controled the addition of various metallic solution by valve shown in figure, after reaction 3h, is 0.1:0.7:0.2 by the proportion adjustment of nickel, manganese and cobalt, stops adding metallic solution and ammoniacal liquor.Reaction is stopped after continuing reaction 2h.
By obtain filtration of material, drying, obtain persursor material.
The persursor material obtained is mixed with lithium hydroxide, wherein Li: the ratio of metal is 1.3:0.8.Mixed material is placed in microwave atmosphere, passes into oxygen, under 800W microwave intensity, heat 1.5h, obtains rich lithium functionally gradient material (FGM).
The rich lithium functionally gradient material (FGM) ultrasonic disperse 1h obtained, adds the pyrrole monomer after purifying afterwards, continues ultrasonic limit, limit and adds oxidant iron chloride, after adding, stop ultrasonic, strong stirring 4h, obtain the coated rich lithium functionally gradient material (FGM) of polypyrrole.
Be illustrated in figure 2 the charge-discharge performance schematic diagram of the cathode material prepared by the embodiment of the present invention, as can be seen from Figure 2: the cathode material utilizing this preparation method to obtain has high rate performance excellence, the feature of good cycle, effectively can improve the defect of conventional rich lithium material.
The above; be only the present invention's preferably embodiment, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, is anyly familiar with those skilled in the art in the technical scope that the present invention discloses; the change that can expect easily or replacement, all should be encompassed within protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be as the criterion with the protection range of claims.