Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the problems referred to above, propose a kind of conveniently moving, the towed concrete pump car of energy-conserving and environment-protective.
A kind of towed concrete pump car, comprises trailer platform, is arranged on the pump machanism on trailer platform, conveyance conduit mechanism, wherein pump machanism comprises pumping mechanism, wiper mechanism, concrete distributor gear, hopper and rabbling mechanism, pumping mechanism comprises master cylinder and concrete cylinder, and wiper mechanism comprises water tank, concrete distributor gear comprises concrete and distributes S valve, concrete distributes S valve and is positioned at hopper, connects concrete cylinder and conveyance conduit mechanism, and coordinates the action of these two parts.
A kind of towed concrete pump car, wherein, master cylinder is made up of cylinder body, oil cylinder piston, piston rod, piston head and buffer.
A kind of towed concrete pump car, wherein, concrete cylinder rear end is connected with water tank, and front end is connected with hopper, and is fixed by hopper and a pair beam, is fixed between hopper and water tank by pull bar.
A kind of towed concrete pump car, wherein, main oil cylinder piston bar extend in concrete cylinder, and front end is connected with concrete piston.
A kind of towed concrete pump car, wherein, concrete piston is made up of piston body, guide ring, seal, piston head core and positioning disk.
A kind of towed concrete pump car, wherein, hopper comprises hopper body, upper bucket body, screen cloth, rear wall plate and bin gate, and the side plate of left and right belt circular hole is used for installing rabbling mechanism, and rear wall plate is communicated with two concrete cylinders, and front wallboard is connected with conveyance conduit.
A kind of towed concrete pump car, wherein, rabbling mechanism comprises shaft parts, stirs bearing and seal thereof, shaft parts comprise left shaft blade, right shaft blade, and shaft, shaft leans on the bearing at two ends, bearing support and motor base to support, and multi-sealed circle is equipped with at two ends, shaft left and right.
Towed concrete pump car of the present invention has the following advantages:
1) conveniently moving, employment pushes away.Long 2.5-3m on rough estimate car.In Practical Project, because the field conditions of construction is uncertain, there is the condition of construction of some complexity sometimes.The activity space of such as constructing is limited, possibly cannot drag ordinary concrete pump by heavy-duty machines normally, towed concrete pump car of the present invention is relatively applicable to less construction plant, space, there is a few individual just can move machine easily, dexterous is dragged to machine in the place needing construction, do like this can also energy conservation simultaneously, reduces the idle waste of construction apparatus.
2) dynamical system is no longer diesel engine but has changed motor into, therefore has energy conservation, the effect of noise decrease.The power of present majority is all provided by diesel engine, as everyone knows, diesel engine can provide relatively large power, but only need to consider there is enough power in design of the present invention, motor meets the power demand of pump truck of the present invention, and also has the function of saving manufacturing cost and saving use cost.Present society also more and more advocates environmental protection, the trend that this Ye Shi entire society is later, and motor is the little and stabilization of speed of noise operationally, uses regenerative resource when the most important thing is work.
3) at carrier pipe design aspect, traditional transfer pipeline method broken by pump truck of the present invention, the method taking carrier pipe to combine with tower crane, and make to use in Practical Project work convenient, efficiency is higher.And in the connection of carrier pipe, take the length of carrier pipe and the high level of synchronization of tower crane, be convenient to like this install carrier pipe in Practical Project and change.Utilize this system of tower crane in the present invention cleverly, accomplish the maximum using existing resource.
4) transfer efficiency is high, in pump truck of the present invention, the path detour as far as possible following elephant trunk minimizes, and decreases the number of detour, simultaneously, also utilize this function that tower crane rotates, when concrete conveyance pump work, no longer need like before, the floor needing many people to water at needs by brute-force in tow concrete pipe moves, the spinfunction adopted in the present invention, only needs single manipulation, and concrete outlet is rotated to needs the place of pouring to water.
Detailed description of the invention
Towed concrete pump car of the present invention comprises trailer platform 11, is arranged on the pump machanism 12 on trailer platform, conveyance conduit mechanism 13.Overall structure as shown in Figure 1.Trailer platform length of the present invention is 2.5-3 rice.In Practical Project, because the field conditions of construction is uncertain, there is the condition of construction of some complexity sometimes.Such as, the activity space of construction is limited, possibly cannot drag ordinary concrete pump truck by heavy-duty machines normally.Towed concrete pump car of the present invention is relatively applicable to less construction plant, space, has a few individual just can move machine easily, is dragged to the place needing construction, and doing like this can also energy conservation, the idle waste of the apparatus that reduces to construct.
The pump machanism of towed concrete pump car of the present invention comprises pumping mechanism, wiper mechanism, concrete distributor gear, hopper and rabbling mechanism.Every part all bears certain function.Pump machanism schematic diagram as shown in Figure 2.Below the structure of pump machanism each several part is described in detail.
1. pumping mechanism
Pumping mechanism is powered actuation mechanism hydraulic energy transfer being become mechanical energy, and its major function promotes concrete, makes it overcome the resistance of self gravitation and pipeline, concrete is shifted onto the position will built in engineering and builds.Namely driven the motion of concrete cylinder by the reciprocating motion of hydraulic cylinder, so the concrete in concrete cylinder is pushed in carrier pipe and to certain pressure.
Pumping mechanism by power section, water tank, and working portion composition.So-called power section is exactly master cylinder 21, and working portion is concrete cylinder 23, and the effect of water tank 22 is Supporting connectivity concrete cylinder 23 and master cylinder 21.As shown in Figure 2.
Master cylinder 21 is made up of cylinder body, oil cylinder piston, piston rod, piston head and buffer.Because piston rod not only contacts with fluid, but also contacting with other materials such as water, in order to improve the wear-resisting of piston rod and corrosion resistance, one deck hard chrome will be plated on its surface.
Concrete cylinder 23 rear end is connected with water tank 22, and front end is connected with hopper 27 by hopper entrance 28, and is fixed by hopper and a pair beam, is fixed between hopper 27 and water tank 22 by pull bar.Main oil cylinder piston bar extend in concrete cylinder 23, and front end is connected with concrete piston 24.
As shown in Figure 3, concrete piston 24 is made up of guide ring 32, seal 33, piston head core 34 etc. the structure of concrete piston 24.Seal 33 is generally made with wear-resisting polyurethane, and it plays guiding, sealing and delivering concrete.When needs are changed or check concrete piston 24, the pressure oil of oil cylinder unloads from hydraulic fluid port 41, thus master cylinder 21 can be returned in water tank 22 always.Locating oil cylinder 40 and master cylinder syndeton are as shown in Figure 4.
2. wiper mechanism
Wiper mechanism refers to water tank 22, and water tank upper has lid, and opening lid can add water, and observed stage.Water tank 22 forms with welded steel plate, is tank, is again master cylinder and the Supporting connectivity part carrying cylinder.During pumping mechanism work, water is at concrete cylinder 23 rear portion along with the rubber piston of concrete cylinder flows back and forth, and role is mortar remaining after each pumping in cleaning concrete cylinder arm, reduces the wearing and tearing of concrete cylinder 23 and concrete piston 24.Increase the sealing of piston rod, the fluid preventing master cylinder from leaking enters in concrete affects concrete pouring quality simultaneously.Water tank can also cooling and lubricating concrete piston, piston rod and piston rod packing position.
3. hopper and rabbling mechanism
The transporting velocity of the speed that concrete transporting equipment provides to concrete pump and concrete pump is different, therefore hopper plays intermediate regulations effect.Hopper is mainly used in storing a certain amount of concrete, can not inhale sky and uninterrupted pumping when ensureing pumping system suction.Mixing plant in hopper carries out secondary agitation to concrete, can improve concrete plasticity.Except this function, another effect of mixing plant carries out feeding to concrete valve, improves concrete suction efficiency.
As shown in Figure 5, hopper 27 of the present invention comprises hopper body 51, upper bucket body 52, screen cloth 53, rear wall plate 54 and bin gate 55 etc.Hopper body 51 forms with Plate Welding.The side plate of left and right belt circular hole is used for installing rabbling mechanism 26, and its rear wall plate 54 is communicated with two concrete cylinders 23, and front wallboard is connected with conveyance conduit 13.Screen cloth 53 round steel or steel plate strip are welded, and connect with hopper with two rubber cushions.Screen cloth 53 can prevent from being greater than in concrete the aggregate of given size or other foreign material enter hopper 27, reduces pumping failure, protects the safety of operating personnel simultaneously.When stopping pumping, opening bin gate 55, clout and cleaning hopper can be discharged.
Bucket capacity is not the bigger the better, and hopper increases, and the deadweight of corresponding pump truck and length can increase, and are inconvenient to move, so suitable volume is 0.6m
3.
Rabbling mechanism comprises shaft parts, stirs bearing and seal thereof.As shown in Figure 6.Shaft parts comprise left shaft blade 63, right shaft blade 65, and shaft 64.Shaft 64 leans on the bearing 68 at two ends, bearing support 62 (motor base 69) supports.Stir bearing 68 and adopt self-aligning bearing.The screw of grease nipple is also equipped with in bearing support 62 outside, and the inner chamber of bearing support is led in its duct, can lubricate during work to bearing.Enter to prevent the concrete grout in hopper and stir bearing 68, it is lubricating arrangements that multi-sealed circle 67,66 is equipped with at shaft about 64 two ends, and spline housing is connected with hydraulic motor.When shaft 64 works, by hydraulic motor 60 Direct driver, shaft drives stirring vane to stir.
The Main Function of rabbling mechanism carries out secondary agitation to the concrete in hopper, prevents it from emanating.Install in addition and stir reversible valve, during stirring, stuck vane is delayed, and hydraulic motor needs to reversely rotate in time.
4. concrete distributor gear
Concrete shares out the work process as shown in Figure 7.During pumping of concrete, under master cylinder and distributing valve hydraulic oil cylinder driving, if left side concrete cylinder is communicated with hopper, then right side concrete cylinder is communicated with distributing valve.If oil pressure makes left side, concrete cylinder moves backward, concrete in hopper is sucked this side concrete cylinder (material sucting cylinder), oil pressure makes right side concrete cylinder piston move forward simultaneously, concrete in this side concrete cylinder (discharge cylinder) is pushed distributing valve, is transported to cast through concrete conveying pipe on-the-spot.When moving to stroke terminal after the concrete cylinder piston of left side, trigger the reversing arrangement in water tank, two master cylinder oil pressure commutations, distributing valve oil cylinder makes distributing valve be connected with left side concrete cylinder, and this side concrete cylinder piston moves forward, and concrete is pushed distributing valve, simultaneously, right side concrete cylinder is communicated with hopper, and moves after making this side concrete cylinder piston, and concrete is sucked concrete cylinder.When moving to stroke terminal after the concrete cylinder piston of left side, trigger reversing arrangement, oil cylinder commutates, right side concrete cylinder piston pushed forward, starts next round pumping circulation, thus realizes uninterrupted pumping concrete.Above situation is concrete positive pump state.When concrete pump occurs that pumping has some setbacks, there is blocking maybe to need pump (or pump truck) to suspend, when concrete in carrier pipe (or boom) is drawn back hopper, by HYDRAULIC CONTROL SYSTEM distributing valve, material sucting cylinder mouth is connected with conveyance conduit, thus makes in concrete material suction concrete cylinder body.And be in the concrete cylinder of discharge station, then draw back in hopper by concrete, after synchronously completing the action of suction material, distributing valve commutates, and starts next discharging process of inhaling, thus realizes the continuous operation circulation of back suction.Above situation is the anti-pump state of concrete pump.
In concrete distributor gear, concrete distributes S valve 25 is key positions, and it is positioned at hopper 27, connects concrete cylinder 23 and carrier pipe, see accompanying drawing 2.It is the mechanism coordinating these two component actuation, directly affects functional performance and the global design of concrete pump.The caliber that concrete distributes S valve 25 has reducing and not reducing two kinds.In fig. 8, distributing valve is made up of discharging opening 81 valve body interface 82 charging aperture 83 piston port 84 sealing device 85 and piston port 86.Be characterized in leaning on concrete pressure to promote the cut ring automatic-sealed mouth of pipe, good airproof performance, have stronger conveying capacity, and runner is unobstructed, not easily blocks.
Below the concrete conveying pipe mechanism of towed concrete pump car of the present invention is described in detail.
The pipe arrangement adopted in concrete output channel mechanism, total requirement is that pipe arrangement is elegant in appearance, harmonious with car load when transporting resistance is as far as possible little.
Found by research, flexible pipe can not meet pressure requirements, if whole process flexible pipe likely can make flexible pipe burst, thus the present invention selects the wear-resistant pipe of internal diameter 125mm general at present, select in exit flexible pipe to be convenient to manpower to drag, at wear-resistant pipe and hose connection place, revolution back shaft is installed.Draw the rotation that just can realize pipe with manpower rope, expand cast area.Because each pipe installation site is different, the impact that each carrier pipe is subject to and wearing and tearing are also different, and general bend pipe is larger than straight tube wearing and tearing, more walk carrier pipe wearing and tearing toward arm end less.But the modulus of penultimate bend pipe is maximum, it is except being subject to general wearing and tearing, is also subject to the gravitational thrusts that concrete falls.Therefore, each carrier pipe should adopt different wear-resisting measures, makes a whole set of carrier pipe life-span reach unanimity as far as possible.Necessarily carry on the basis of latus rectum, intensity wear allowance in guarantee and should try one's best gently.Carrier pipe does not allow to increase wall thickness and external diameter, otherwise can reduce the application life of jib, affects the stability of pump truck yet.
Elephant trunk is fixed on the crossbeam of tower crane by towed concrete pump Che Zhong concrete conveying pipe mechanism of the present invention, and the jockey of conveyance conduit and tower crane as shown in Figure 9.Choosing in conveyance conduit length, the length choosing every pipe joint road just in time equals the height often saving tower crane.Choose like this and be conducive to installation in Practical Project and use.Concrete conveying pipe is arranged on design sketch on tower crane crossbeam as shown in Figure 10.
Rotate together with tower crane in order to carrier pipe can be realized, install in the end of the intersection area of tower crane transverse arm and vertical tower body and turn round back shaft, pipeline can be reached along with tower crane synchronous rotary, efficiently solve the telescoping problem of arm in casting process.
Just the parameters of towed concrete pump car of the present invention is described below.
The control system of concrete mixer is different according to control system, is substantially divided into two kinds of forms.One is relay control system, and another kind is programmable control system (PLC).Current great majority adopt the S7-200 series of Siemens Company and the FX1N-40MT-D type PLC system of Mitsubishi.It is higher that general PLC system occurs in peripheral circuit fault rate, and PLC system controller spoilage is low, but pump truck working environment is relatively more severe, so spoilage is also higher.Early stage concrete mixer adopts conventional relays loop to carry out logic analysis, complex circuit and difficult in maintenance.
Towed concrete pump car of the present invention adopts single-chip computer control system.Parameters relates to as follows:
1. the choosing of concrete pumping pressure
1) pressure of pumping system delivery outlet
Towed concrete pump car of the present invention uses mainly for low floor building, and be generally no more than six layers, therefore height H is by 35 meters of calculating, and length L is by 40 meters of calculating.Bend pipe is ignored, Taper Pipe, the pressure loss of flexible pipe when calculating.Total pressure is summarized as two parts: one be concrete overcome when vertical pumping required for self pressure, two be concrete along the pressure loss required for journey, after comprehensive, design formulas is as follows:
P=ρ·g·H+ΔP·L
Wherein
P is the pressure of delivery outlet
ρ is transferred concrete density, gets 2400kg/m
3
G is acceleration of gravity, gets 9.8m/s
2
H is delivery head
Δ P is the pressure loss that every meter of pumping distance is subject to, and gets 0.015MPa
L is the summation of the horizontal pumping distance of vertical pumping Distance geometry, and generally, vertical pumping is 3 times of horizontal pumping.
Then P=2400 × 9.8 × 35+0.015 (35 × 3+40)=2.9982MPa ≈ 3MPa
The minimum pressure that when pressure now obtained is pumping system work, the delivery outlet of concrete pump exports.
2) calculating of concrete cylinder
The diameter D=200mm of concrete cylinder is chosen when designing and calculating.Now just can calculate the thrust in concrete cylinder suffered by piston:
F=PS=Pπr
2=3×10
6×π×(200/2)
2≈94KN
Wherein
F is the thrust in concrete cylinder suffered by piston
S is the area of piston
R is the radius of piston
3) the choosing of hydraulic cylinder
The pressure of concrete cylinder is provided by hydraulic cylinder, therefore hydraulic cylinder at least needs the power providing 94KN.Choosing piston inner diameter is 150mm, and the internal diameter of piston rod is the hydraulic cylinder of 90mm.Then have when hydraulic cylinder works:
S
2=84.2cm
2=0.0084m
2
Wherein
P
1the pressure of hydraulic cylinder
F is the power that hydraulic cylinder at least provides
S
2it is the internal diameter of hydraulic cylinder
Consider in order to enough power can be provided, get P at this
1be greater than 11.2MPa.
2. the choosing of concrete pumping discharge capacity
Select concrete cylinder diameter D=200mm=2dm, L
1the cylinder of=1250mm=12.5dm.Then the volume of this concrete cylinder is
Then getting concrete discharge capacity is Q
1=60m
3the pump truck of/h, the commutation number of times per minute of needs is:
Wherein
Q
1it is concrete theoretical displacement
V
1it is the volume of concrete cylinder
Next step is exactly calculate discharge capacity required when hydraulic cylinder meets condition of work by the parameter of hydraulic cylinder, obtain the parameter of hydraulic cylinder in table one:
The major parameter of table one hydraulic cylinder
Hydraulic cylinder meeting the flow under this moving condition is:
Q
2=S
2L
2N=S
2L
1N=84.2cm
2×1250mm×25.48=268.2L/min
Wherein
Q
2it is the flow of hydraulic oil in hydraulic cylinder per minute
L
2it is the impulse stroke of hydraulic cylinder
3. the choosing of hydraulic motor in stirring system
Table two standard hydraulic motor model and parameter
The motor requirements selected is low-speed big, so the hydraulic motor chosen is 1QJM1A-0.4Y, the discharge capacity of this motor gets 0.404.In the design, hydraulic motor per minute turn 20 circle is required.The flow that then hydraulic motor per minute needs is:
Q
3=0.404×20=8.08L/min
4. the choosing of hydraulic pump
The rotating speed choosing dynamical system to satisfy condition is 1500r/min.Needed for work system minimum injection rate be:
Q
4=Q
2+Q
3=268.2+8.08=276.82L/min
Have some energy losses during whole oil supply system work, ensure system normal operation, choosing discharge capacity at this is 18m
3/ h rated operating pressure is the plunger displacement pump of 28MPa.Citing model A10VSO18DFR1/31R-PPA12N00.
5. the choosing of dynamical system
The dynamical system of existing hydraulic test is generally diesel engine and two kinds, motor.Two kinds of systems have their respective pluses and minuses respectively, and the feature of diesel engine to provide large power, but system is unstable, and noise is large.The feature of motor operates steadily, and noise is little.Considering that towed concrete pump car of the present invention does not need too large power, in order to reduce the size of whole equipment, choosing motor.
When calculating, choose the output pressure P of hydraulic pump
2=28MPa, discharge capacity V
2=18m
3/ h, mechanical efficiency η
1when=0.95, motor efficiency η
2=0.9, then the output flow of hydraulic pump:
Q
4=V
2/3600=18/3600=O.005m
3/s
The power output of hydraulic pump:
P=P
2Q
4=28×10
6×0.005=14KW
Then input general power is:
P
always=η
1(P
1/ η
2)=0.95 × 140/0.9 ≈ 164KW.