CN104763017B - Ground permeating rainwater recovery system utilizing building waste materials and construction method of ground permeating rainwater recovery system - Google Patents
Ground permeating rainwater recovery system utilizing building waste materials and construction method of ground permeating rainwater recovery system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN104763017B CN104763017B CN201510186448.1A CN201510186448A CN104763017B CN 104763017 B CN104763017 B CN 104763017B CN 201510186448 A CN201510186448 A CN 201510186448A CN 104763017 B CN104763017 B CN 104763017B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- ground
- soil
- permeating
- waste material
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/108—Rainwater harvesting
Landscapes
- Road Paving Structures (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a ground permeating rainwater recovery system utilizing building waste materials. The ground permeating rainwater recovery system comprises a soil foundation, a permeating layer, a base layer, a planting soil layer and a face layer which are sequentially arranged from bottom to top. The permeating layer is a building waste material rough particle layer which is evenly distributed with the particle size of 30-50 mm, a permeating pipe is laid in the building waste material rough particle layer and permeating pipe is connected with a water collecting well through a connecting pipe. The base layer is a building waste material fine particle layer which is evenly distributed with the particle size of 1-10 mm. The face layer is lawn blocks and waste engineering stones, and the lawn blocks and the waste engineering stones are arranged alternately. The invention further discloses a construction method of the ground permeating rainwater recovery system utilizing building waste materials, and the method includes the steps of site flatting, soil foundation processing, building waste material crashing, permeating layer laying and the like. According to the ground permeating rainwater recovery system utilizing building waste materials and the construction method of the ground permeating rainwater recovery system, building waste is reasonably used, building resources are saved, the environment is protected, rainwater is recycled, and water resources are saved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of ground infiltration system for reclaiming rainwater of utilization construction waste material and its construction method, belong to
Improvement of the ecological environment and resource conserving technique field.
Background technology
At present, the quantity of China's urban architecture garbage has accounted for the 30% ~ 40% of municipal refuse total amount, as urbanization is entered
The quickening of journey, a large amount of engineering constructions are continuously increased can building castoff total amount.How to discharge and process urban architecture garbage
Have become the important topic that enterprise in charge of construction and environmental protection department face.
Building castoff is usually in process of construction or old building maintenance, produces in demolishing process, including soil,
Stone, concrete block, brickbat, culled wood, old metal, useless pipeline and electrical equipment waste material etc., it is wherein free of contamination directly to utilize
Inorganic matters account for more than 90%；Metal, bamboo and wood material, various packaging material, decorations waste material etc. may have the garbage of contaminative
Can be used as renewable resource utilization after sorting.The garbage produced in foundation construction is mainly the brick that soil, dregs and Old building are removed
And concrete block, the building castoff produced in main structure construction be mainly masonry and broken concrete, the mortar for abandoning and
Metal etc., the larger general nonstaining property of rubbish particle diameter that this two benches is produced, directly can utilize.
At present, China is equipped with two ways to the place of building castoff：One is most building castoffs without any
Process directly transports countryside or rural area to carries out air storage landfill, and this will not only consume substantial amounts of soil, and need to pay soil
Occupancy and rubbish clear expense etc., meanwhile, clear and polluted the environment with stacking process again.Two is will to build garbage through pretreatment
Afterwards, transporting " renewable resources processing center " to be recycled, but build treatment plant needs to put into more cost of erection, operation management expense
And the energy will be consumed.
Another important topic in city is that city has stable political situation the water shortage problem that hydraulic department faces, and hydropenia not only causes city to give birth to
Short water supply living, also makes weather more drying, ecological deterioration, land subsidence etc., and will be substantial amounts of rainwater direct in rainy season
Excrete out.Rainwater is a kind of valuable resource, and seeking effective rainwater disposal or Application way has become inexorable trend.
The content of the invention
For solving the deficiencies in the prior art, it is an object of the present invention to provide a kind of ground of utilization construction waste material
Infiltration system for reclaiming rainwater and its construction method, building castoff rationally utilize, have both saved buildings and resources, protected ring again
Border, and rainwater recycle is utilized, save water resource.
The technical scheme is that：Using the ground infiltration system for reclaiming rainwater of construction waste material, it is characterized in that, wrap
Include set gradually from bottom to up soil matrix, permeable formation, basic unit, plantation soil layer dough-making powder layer, the permeable formation be equally distributed grain
Footpath is the construction waste material coarse grain layer of 30～50mm, in the construction waste material coarse grain layer is equipped with osmos tube, described
Osmos tube is connected with sump by connecting tube；The basic unit is the construction waste material that equally distributed particle diameter is 1～10mm
Material particulate layer；The surface layer is lawn block and abandoned project stone material, the lawn block and abandoned project stone material interphase distribution.
The ground infiltration system for reclaiming rainwater of aforesaid utilization construction waste material, is characterized in that, the soil matrix and ooze
Impermeable film is provided between permeable layers, and the material of the impermeable film is PVC.
The ground infiltration system for reclaiming rainwater of aforesaid utilization construction waste material, is characterized in that, in the permeable formation
Sand control screens are provided with above osmos tube, and the aperture of the sand control screens is below 1mm.
The ground infiltration system for reclaiming rainwater of aforesaid utilization construction waste material, is characterized in that, in the basic unit and kind
Plant permeable geotextiles are provided between soil layer.
The ground infiltration system for reclaiming rainwater of aforesaid utilization construction waste material, is characterized in that, the lawn block and useless
The area for abandoning engineered stone is respectively 100～400cm2。
The ground infiltration system for reclaiming rainwater of aforesaid utilization construction waste material, is characterized in that, the sump is served as reasons
What armored concrete was built by laying bricks or stones builds well by laying bricks or stones, and the depth of the sump is 5～10m.
The invention also discloses a kind of construction method of the ground infiltration system for reclaiming rainwater of utilization construction waste material, its
It is characterized in that, comprises the following steps：
（1）Levelling of the land：First ground is evened out, and clears up debris；
（2）Soil treatment：Original soil is compacted with road roller, forms original subgrade layer；
（3）Construction waste material fragmentation：Will be free of contamination broken in demolishing buildings, levelling of the land, basis and main body construction
Masonry, concrete block are broken into the coarse grain of 30～50 mm particle diameters, and by the mortar of discarding, the brickbat and concrete block picked under chisel
The particulate of 1～10mm is broken into, and is stacked respectively；
（4）Permeable formation is laid：Before laying permeable formation, one layer of impermeable film is laid on soil matrix, then by step（3）In
The coarse grain of 30～50 mm particle diameters stacked paves on impermeable film, and first laying depth is the coarse grain of 50～100mm, Ran Hou
Osmos tube and connecting tube is laid on coarse grain, connecting tube is connected with the sump for laying in advance, in osmos tube and connecting tube
Upper one or more layers sand control screens of laying, finally re-lay the coarse grain that thickness is 100～200mm in sand control screens；
（5）Basic unit lays：After permeable formation lays, step is laid on coarse grain（3）1～10 mm particle diameters of middle stacking
Particulate, laying depth are 200～300mm；
（6）Plantation soil layer laying：After basic unit lays, one or more layers permeable geotextiles is laid in basic unit, then will
The soil that foundation construction is produced is puddled as planting soil with slag, peat and muck, is laid in permeable geotextiles, laying depth
For 50～100mm；
（7）Topping laying：The interval laying lawn block and abandoned project stone material on plantation soil layer, and by abandoned project stone material
Compacting, holding surface are smooth stable；
（8）Maintenance and management：Lawn block is carried out conserving, managed, is first disposably poured permeable, is then poured weekly 1～2 time
Water.
The construction method of the ground infiltration system for reclaiming rainwater of aforesaid utilization construction waste material, is characterized in that, described
Soil treatment is concretely comprised the following steps：
A. voltage stabilizing：First trimmed curb is rolled with road roller, come and go twice, be then depressed into from pavement edge again
Lu Zhizheng, often rolls one time, just uses road camber bridge plate and little cotton rope inspection road camber and flatness, at out-of-flatness, will remove high pad
It is low, after meeting elevation control, a small amount of water is spilt, is rolled again；
B. it is compacted：With the speed steamroller of 60～70m per minute, 4～6 times are rolled；
C. roll：Rolled 3～5 times with medium-sized road roller again, until surfacing is stable.
The beneficial effect reached by the present invention：
1. the ground infiltration system for reclaiming rainwater of the present invention sets gradually soil matrix, permeable formation, basic unit, plantation soil layer dough-making powder
Layer, is equipped with osmos tube in permeable formation, improves the efficiency of rain penetration, and osmos tube is connected with sump by connecting tube,
Rainwater recycle can be utilized, save water resource；
2. the present invention is by free of contamination garrulous bricks and stones, concrete block in demolishing buildings, levelling of the land, basis and main body construction
The coarse grain and particulate of different-grain diameter is broken into, for laying ground infiltration system for reclaiming rainwater, building castoff is rationally utilized,
Both buildings and resources had been saved, environment had been protected again.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.Following examples are only used for clearly illustrating the present invention
Technical scheme, and can not be limited the scope of the invention with this.
As shown in figure 1, a kind of ground infiltration system for reclaiming rainwater of utilization construction waste material, including from bottom to up successively
The soil matrix 1 of setting, permeable formation 2, basic unit 3, plantation soil layer 4 and surface layer, the permeable formation 2 be equally distributed particle diameter be 30～
The construction waste material coarse grain layer of 50mm, is equipped with osmos tube 21, the osmos tube in the construction waste material coarse grain layer
21 are connected with sump 6 by connecting tube 22；The basic unit 3 is the construction waste material that equally distributed particle diameter is 1～10mm
Material particulate layer；Construct the soil of generation and the mixture of slag, peat and muck based on the plantation soil layer 4, the surface layer
For lawn block 51 and abandoned project stone material 52, area respectively 100～400cm2, and 52 phase of lawn block 51 and abandoned project stone material
Between arrange, both beautified environment, saved resource again.
Be provided with impermeable film 7 between the soil matrix 1 and permeable formation 2, the material of the impermeable film 7 is PVC, can in case
Only rainwater is lost in subsurface wastewater infiltration system by soil matrix 1, rainwater is passed through osmos tube 21 and connecting tube 22 is collected, and stream enters to catchment
Well 6 is stored for future use, and the water in sump 6 can be used for pouring soil in arid, or drink after purification.
The top of osmos tube 21 is provided with sand control screens 8 in the permeable formation 2, and the aperture of the sand control screens 8 is below 1mm,
Can prevent the construction waste material granule in permeable formation 2 and basic unit 3 from blocking osmos tube 21, improve the infiltration effect of osmos tube 21
Rate.
The basic unit 3 and plantation soil layer 4 between be provided with permeable geotextiles 9, prevent plant soil layer 4 in fertile soil, excrement
Fertilizer etc. are planted the fertile soil in soil layer 4, muck etc. and can provide nutrition for the lawn block 51 in surface layer, promote with rain water runoff
Plant growing.
The sump 6 is to build well by laying bricks or stones by what armored concrete was built by laying bricks or stones, and the depth of the sump 6 is 5～10m,
Substantial amounts of rainwater can be stored standby.
A kind of construction method of the ground infiltration system for reclaiming rainwater of utilization construction waste material, comprises the following steps：
（1）Levelling of the land：First ground is evened out, and clears up debris.
（2）Soil matrix 1 is processed：Original soil is compacted with road roller, forms original subgrade layer, the concrete step of the process of the soil matrix 1
Suddenly it is：
A. voltage stabilizing：First trimmed curb is rolled with road roller, come and go twice, be then depressed into from pavement edge again
Lu Zhizheng, often rolls one time, just uses road camber bridge plate and little cotton rope inspection road camber and flatness, at out-of-flatness, will remove high pad
It is low, after meeting elevation control, a small amount of water is spilt, is rolled again；
B. it is compacted：With the speed steamroller of 60～70m per minute, 4～6 times are rolled；
C. roll：Rolled 3～5 times with medium-sized road roller again, until surfacing is stable.
（3）Construction waste material fragmentation：Will be free of contamination broken in demolishing buildings, levelling of the land, basis and main body construction
Masonry, concrete block are broken into the coarse grain of 30～50 mm particle diameters, and by the mortar of discarding, the brickbat and concrete block picked under chisel
The particulate of 1～10mm is broken into, and is stacked respectively.
（4）Permeable formation 2 is laid：Before laying permeable formation 2, one layer of impermeable film 7 is laid on soil matrix 1, then by step
（3）The coarse grain of 30～50 mm particle diameters of middle stacking paves on impermeable film 7, and first laying depth is the coarse grain of 50～100mm,
Then osmos tube 21 and connecting tube 22 are laid on coarse grain, connecting tube 22 is connected with the sump 6 for laying in advance, is being oozed
One or more layers sand control screens 8 is laid in pipe 22 and connecting tube 21 thoroughly, finally thickness is re-layed in sand control screens 8 for 100～200mm
Coarse grain.
（5）Basic unit 3 lays：After permeable formation 2 lays, step is laid on coarse grain（3）1～10 mm particle diameters of middle stacking
Particulate, laying depth be 200～300mm.
（6）Plantation soil layer 4 is laid：After basic unit 3 lays, one or more layers permeable geotextiles 9 is laid in basic unit 3, so
The soil that afterwards foundation construction is produced is puddled as planting soil with slag, peat and muck, is laid in permeable geotextiles 9, is spread
If thickness is 50～100mm.
（7）Topping laying：The interval laying lawn block 51 and abandoned project stone material 52 on plantation soil layer 4, and by discarded work
Cheng Shicai 52 is compacted, and holding surface is smooth stable.
（8）Maintenance and management：Lawn block 51 is carried out conserving, managed, is first disposably poured permeable, is then poured weekly 1～2 time
Water.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for the ordinary skill people of the art
For member, on the premise of without departing from the technology of the present invention principle, some improvement and deformation can also be made, these improve and deform
Also should be regarded as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1., using the construction method of the ground infiltration system for reclaiming rainwater of construction waste material, the system is included from bottom to up successively
The soil matrix of setting, permeable formation, basic unit, plantation soil layer dough-making powder layer, it is 30～50mm's that the permeable formation is equally distributed particle diameter
Construction waste material coarse grain layer, is equipped with osmos tube in the construction waste material coarse grain layer, and the osmos tube is by connection
Pipe is connected with sump；The basic unit is the construction waste material particulate layer that equally distributed particle diameter is 1～10mm；The face
Layer is lawn block and abandoned project stone material, the lawn block and abandoned project stone material interphase distribution, in the soil matrix and permeable formation
Between be provided with impermeable film, the material of the impermeable film is PVC；Sand control is being provided with above osmos tube in the permeable formation
Net, the aperture of the sand control screens is below 1mm, be it is characterized in that, the construction method is comprised the following steps：
（1）Levelling of the land：First ground is evened out, and clears up debris；
（2）Soil treatment：Original soil is compacted with road roller, forms original subgrade layer；
（3）Construction waste material fragmentation：By free of contamination garrulous bricks and stones in demolishing buildings, levelling of the land, basis and main body construction,
Concrete block is broken into the coarse grain of 30～50 mm particle diameters, and the mortar of discarding, the brickbat and concrete block picked under chisel are broken into
The particulate of 1～10mm, and stack respectively；
（4）Permeable formation is laid：Before laying permeable formation, one layer of impermeable film is laid on soil matrix, then by step（3）Middle stacking
The coarse grain of 30～50 mm particle diameters pave on impermeable film, first laying depth is the coarse grain of 50～100mm, then in coarse grain
Upper laying osmos tube and connecting tube, connecting tube are connected with the sump for laying in advance, on osmos tube and connecting tube upper berth
If one or more layers sand control screens, the coarse grain that thickness is 100～200mm is finally re-layed in sand control screens；
（5）Basic unit lays：After permeable formation lays, step is laid on coarse grain（3）The particulate of 1～10 mm particle diameters of middle stacking,
Laying depth is 200～300mm；
（6）Plantation soil layer laying：After basic unit lays, one or more layers permeable geotextiles is laid in basic unit, then by basis
The soil that construction is produced is puddled as planting soil with slag, peat and muck, is laid in permeable geotextiles, and laying depth is 50
～100mm；
（7）Topping laying：The interval laying lawn block and abandoned project stone material on plantation soil layer, and by abandoned project stone material pressure
Real, holding surface is smooth stable；
（8）Maintenance and management：Lawn block is carried out conserving, managed, is first disposably poured permeable, is then poured weekly 1～2 water.
2. the construction method of the ground infiltration system for reclaiming rainwater of utilization construction waste material according to claim 1, its
It is characterized in that, the soil treatment is concretely comprised the following steps：
A. voltage stabilizing：First trimmed curb is rolled with road roller, come and go twice, be then depressed in road from pavement edge again
The heart, often rolls one time, just uses road camber bridge plate and little cotton rope inspection road camber and flatness, at out-of-flatness, high pad will be gone low, directly
To meeting after elevation control, a small amount of water is spilt, is rolled again；
B. it is compacted：With the speed steamroller of 60～70m per minute, 4～6 times are rolled；
C. roll：Rolled 3～5 times with medium-sized road roller again, until surfacing is stable.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510186448.1A CN104763017B (en) | 2015-04-20 | 2015-04-20 | Ground permeating rainwater recovery system utilizing building waste materials and construction method of ground permeating rainwater recovery system |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510186448.1A CN104763017B (en) | 2015-04-20 | 2015-04-20 | Ground permeating rainwater recovery system utilizing building waste materials and construction method of ground permeating rainwater recovery system |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN104763017A CN104763017A (en) | 2015-07-08 |
| CN104763017B true CN104763017B (en) | 2017-03-22 |
Family
ID=53645083
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510186448.1A Active CN104763017B (en) | 2015-04-20 | 2015-04-20 | Ground permeating rainwater recovery system utilizing building waste materials and construction method of ground permeating rainwater recovery system |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN104763017B (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105350630B (en) * | 2015-11-14 | 2017-06-06 | 常州大学 | Oozed under a kind of urban rainwater is quick and reuse technology |
| CN106472056A (en) * | 2016-04-14 | 2017-03-08 | 深圳文科园林股份有限公司 | A kind of planting and establishing method on water-saving lawn |
| CN108273833B (en) * | 2018-03-13 | 2020-07-31 | 上海市园林科学规划研究院 | In-situ layered utilization of building solid waste and application of building solid waste in reducing soil saline-alkali |
| CN109468902A (en) * | 2018-11-02 | 2019-03-15 | 江苏工程职业技术学院 | Energy saving water storage type greening or pavement foundation construction technique |
| CN109574200A (en) * | 2018-12-17 | 2019-04-05 | 北京建筑大学 | A method of useless brick will be built and be used for biology delay facility |
Family Cites Families (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1025966C (en) * | 1992-12-15 | 1994-09-21 | 黄尊景 | Construction of slope drain in geologically unstable area |
| GB0216485D0 (en) * | 2002-07-16 | 2002-08-21 | Tarmac Ltd | Water management system |
| CN101283656A (en) * | 2008-06-11 | 2008-10-15 | 沧州市农林科学院 | Shallow water level double salt-affected soil raw soil planting and greening method |
| JP5091826B2 (en) * | 2008-10-08 | 2012-12-05 | 武志 中川 | Floor or road pavement structure |
| CN202338297U (en) * | 2011-11-16 | 2012-07-18 | 龚雪峰 | High-permeability and anti-blocking sand filtering pipe |
| CN103806500B (en) * | 2012-11-14 | 2015-07-15 | 北京泰宁科创雨水利用技术股份有限公司 | Snow mountain melt water collection and utilization device |
| CN203174665U (en) * | 2013-04-03 | 2013-09-04 | 江苏山水环境建设集团股份有限公司 | Urban rainwater collection and utilization system |
| CN103498506A (en) * | 2013-10-22 | 2014-01-08 | 苏州合展设计营造有限公司 | Rainwater collecting pool |
| CN203788831U (en) * | 2014-04-21 | 2014-08-27 | 广东中绿园林集团有限公司 | Automatic garden irrigation system |
| CN204259396U (en) * | 2014-08-27 | 2015-04-15 | 湖北天蓝地绿生态科技有限公司 | Film ditch infiltrating irrigation multiple tube |
| CN104294905A (en) * | 2014-10-31 | 2015-01-21 | 北京建筑大学 | Pervious concrete pavement system with filter material well |
| CN204590158U (en) * | 2015-04-20 | 2015-08-26 | 江苏山水环境建设集团股份有限公司 | Utilize the ground infiltration system for reclaiming rainwater of construction waste material |
-
2015
- 2015-04-20 CN CN201510186448.1A patent/CN104763017B/en active Active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN104763017A (en) | 2015-07-08 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN104763017B (en) | Ground permeating rainwater recovery system utilizing building waste materials and construction method of ground permeating rainwater recovery system | |
| CN202031001U (en) | Compound water-permeable road structure | |
| CN100439600C (en) | Treatment method of newly built high way railway engineering soft foundation | |
| CN104163550B (en) | Cascading style ladder artificial wet land system and constructional method thereof | |
| CN109594445A (en) | A kind of ecology environmental protection color asphalt paving and its construction method | |
| CN107034767A (en) | A kind of full pervious concrete pavement structure of regeneration aggregate and its construction method | |
| CN206289491U (en) | A kind of pavement, greenery patches harvest water system | |
| CN203295913U (en) | Novel ecological permeable road structure | |
| CN103553471B (en) | Method for manufacturing water permeable brick from waste concrete, and pavement method of water permeable brick | |
| CN106284495B (en) | Collect rainfall pattern roof rain water garden | |
| CN110629629A (en) | Recycled aggregate permeable pavement structure and method | |
| CN207062672U (en) | A kind of permeable pavement structure | |
| CN211646629U (en) | Energy dissipation type flower bed suitable for drainage of sponge city high-rise building | |
| CN110846968B (en) | Permeable asphalt pavement structure | |
| CN108532406A (en) | Can rapid construction high-bearing capacity pervious surface and laying method | |
| CN209338948U (en) | A kind of water-permeable pavement structure | |
| CN206359847U (en) | A kind of asphalt pavement structure of clinker silty filler | |
| CN213114892U (en) | Functional rainwater garden suitable for sponge city | |
| CN206052490U (en) | It is a kind of suitable for footpath, the rainwater regulating pondage system of bicycle lane | |
| CN210529400U (en) | Solidified building residue soil road structure | |
| CN203890824U (en) | Recycled aggregate based total pervious concrete pavement structure | |
| CN204590158U (en) | Utilize the ground infiltration system for reclaiming rainwater of construction waste material | |
| CN206828912U (en) | A kind of full pervious concrete pavement structure of regeneration aggregate | |
| CN104164822A (en) | Process for paving pedestrian pavement by utilizing building debris | |
| CN207176431U (en) | A kind of permeable pavement structure based on sponge the idea of the city |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| EXSB | Decision made by sipo to initiate substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |