CN104760296A - A selective laser sintering molding method for a heat-conducting functional material - Google Patents
A selective laser sintering molding method for a heat-conducting functional material Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A selective laser sintering molding method for a heat-conducting functional material is disclosed. The method includes dispersing a coupling agent in an alcohol-water mixed liquid, adding heat-conducting filler powder, fully stirring, drying by a thermostatic drying oven to obtain a coupled heat-conducting filler, mixing the coupled heat-conducting filler with a polymer matrix in a stirring machine, stirring, mixing in a twin-screw extruder at 200-250 DEG C, extruding, granulating, smashing the obtained composite particle material under a liquid nitrogen cooling condition, molding under protection of nitrogen in a selective laser sintering molding machine, and subjecting the obtained molded part to thermal processing to obtain the heat-conducting functional material. The method can prepare SLS molded products with high performance and structured appearance by adopting a process combining mixing, extrusion, low-temperature smashing and thermal processing, and is simple and feasible in process and low in equipment requirement.
Description
(1) technical field
The invention belongs to rapid shaping technique field, be specifically related to a kind of selective laser sintering and moulding method of heat conduction functional material, described method comprises the preparation of heat conduction functional material, shaping and product aftertreatment technology.
(2) technical background
Selective laser sintering (Selected Laser Sintering, SLS) shaping is a kind of advanced manufacturing technology, based on discrete/accumulation principle, by the design softwares such as CAD/Pro-E or 3D solid scanning obtain target forming model, by threedimensional model after program slice in forming machine powder bed successively selective sintering pile up shaping 3D solid.Fully utilized Computer Science and Engineering, automation of machinery manufacture and Control Engineering, the multi-door subjects such as laser engineering and material science engineering, be a kind of be different from tradition subtract material manufacture increasing material manufacturing technology.There is because of it features such as increasingly automated, digitlization, high accuracy, be widely used the research and development of products in fields such as building, medical treatment, aviation, auto industry machinery and communications and model manufacturing.
Current maturation applies to SLS material and mostly is plastic powders, as standard P A powder, PC powder that DTM company of the U.S. releases, and the PA3200GF etc. that EOS releases.But most of plastic part does not possess functional characteristic, be not suitable for and prepare Functional Unit device.Along with the application of this technology, increasing people attempts and utilizes the shaping function element of SLS.In this field, at present many by powder mechanical blending method or solvent deposition cladding process for the preparation of the shaping composite granule of SLS.As Wuhan Engineering Univ Wang Yan etc. passes through mechanical blending nylon powder and wollastonite (plastics industry,, the 34th volume the 12nd phase in 2006), glass microballoon (Chinese Plastics, 2004,18th volume o. 11th) obtain mixed powder, the shaping functor of direct SLS; 200710051863.1) and the magnificent daybreak high-tech (number of patent application: 201010597529.8) disclose all respectively and multiplely prepare the inorganics filled composite granule having macromolecular material by solvent deposition cladding process such as little daybreak perhaps Central China University of Science and Technology history jade rises (number of patent application:, the composite granule covered effect obtained is good, and particle size is controlled.The shortcomings such as although mechanical blending method is simple to operate, cost is low, there is mixing uneven, shaping compactness difference; Though solvent deposition cladding process can obtain ideal composite granule, have rigors to equipment and working condition, production cost is high, in large-scale production, have certain limitation.
The present invention is based on the long-term research to injection mo(u)lding heat-conductive composite material, propose a kind of preparation technology being prepared selective laser sintering and moulding heat-conductive composite material by melt blending in conjunction with the method for cryogenic pulverization, this is simple for process, cost is low, be applicable to large-scale production, obtained filler is uniformly dispersed, and matrix is coated and in conjunction with excellent heat-conducting function powder.This technique can make up now methodical defect, obtain have better micro-structural and more dominance energy rapid shaping components and parts.
But, no matter be the SLS composite granule utilizing which kind of method to prepare, when SLS forming composite function element, because laser irradiation time is short, penetratingdepth is limited, has little time complete molten adhere densified between powder granule, easily occurs combining between powder granule not fine and close, between causing, packing is poor, affects intensity and the functional characteristic of product.For this problem, there is people to improve product internal bond strength by hot isostatic pressing technique is auxiliary, compaction rate between raising particle, wait (application laser, the 33rd volume the 1st phase in 2013) to pass through the shaping Al of SLS as Central China University of Science and Technology's history jade rises
2o
3under/EP06 product carries out isostatic pressed, pressurize process improves product density, but this method needs static pressure equipment, and technological requirement is high, and process is complicated, and cost performance is not high.Also someone adopts and makes it densified by infiltrating the methods such as other matrixes after infiltrate epoxy resin liquid resin or burn off protocorm in profiled member, as (electric machining and moulds such as the Northeast Forestry University Guo Yan tinkling of pieces of jade, 2011, the 6th phase) by oozing the object that wax reaches densified in SLS shaping wood powder/PES product.Though the former to a certain degree can improve product density, combine not good between infiltration resin and product, though the latter can make product obtain larger compaction rate, but original shape between will destroying, and complex process cost is high.
The present invention is directed to this problem, in conjunction with the understanding to SLS technical process, though thinking that SLS is shaping can the molded article of shaping various shape fast and effectively, but in shaping functional composite material process, not only require regular profile also require to have good practicality and functional, therefore require higher to its compaction rate, thus how the simple problem solving molded article bond strength little efficiently seems highly significant.Therefore propose a kind of selective laser sintering and moulding polymer-based composite product aftertreatment technology.This is simple for process, and not high to equipment requirement, effects of energy conservation and environmental protection is good, and largely can improve the compaction rate of SLS product.
(3) summary of the invention
The present invention adopts following technical scheme:
A selective laser sintering and moulding method for heat conduction functional material, described method is carried out as follows:
(1) coupling agent is disperseed in alcohol-water mixture, obtain coupling agent alcohol solution, gained coupling agent alcohol solution is mixed with heat filling powder, stirs, dry through thermostatic drying chamber, obtain the heat filling after coupling; Wherein, described coupling agent is γ-aminopropyl triethyl silicane (KH550), γ-methacryloxypropyl trimethoxy silane (KH570) or titanate coupling agent; Described heat filling powder is Al
2o
3powder, Al powder or AlN powder; The mass ratio of described coupling agent and heat filling powder is 0.5 ~ 1:100;
(2) heat filling after step (1) gained coupling and polymeric matrix after stirrer for mixing stirs, in 200 ~ 250 DEG C of mixing and extruding pelletizations in double screw extruder, are obtained composite particles material in 1:0.25 ~ 1 in mass ratio; Wherein, described polymeric matrix is nylon 12 (PA12);
(3) under the condition of cooled with liquid nitrogen, step (2) gained composite particles material is pulverized, obtain the composite heat-conducting powder body material that particle diameter is 20 ~ 150 μm;
(4), under nitrogen protection, composite heat-conducting powder body material step (3) prepared is shaping in selective laser sintering and moulding machine, obtains molded article;
(5) step (4) gained molded article is heat-treated; described heat-treating methods is: described molded article is put into thermostatic drying chamber; under nitrogen protection; in 180 ~ 200 DEG C of isothermal holding 0.5 ~ 1.5h; naturally cool to room temperature under nitrogen atmosphere afterwards, obtain described heat conduction functional material.
The selective laser sintering and moulding method of heat conduction functional material of the present invention, wherein, in step (1) described alcohol-water mixture, the mass ratio of alcohol and water can be 1:0.5 ~ 1.5, and the mass ratio of preferred alcohols and water is 1:1, and described alcohol is ethanol.The volumetric usage of described alcohol-water mixture is recommended to count 0.20 ~ 0.35mL/g with the quality of heat filling.
The particle diameter of the described heat filling powder of preferred steps (1) is 0.1 ~ 10 μm.
The described method through thermostatic drying chamber drying of step (1) is recommended as: at 70 DEG C of drying 2 ~ 4h, then in 110 DEG C of drying 4 ~ 8h.Too short when drying, then moisture has residual, the performance of polymer when impact is mixing below; Long when drying, filler can be hardening, affects the dispersion of filler in mixing process below.
In step (2), require that the melt temperature of described polymeric matrix is at 170 ~ 230 DEG C, preferred nylon 12, and dry rear for subsequent use at 80 DEG C.
In step (2), recommend mass ratio 1:0.25 ~ 1 of the heat filling after described coupling and polymeric matrix, wherein, if the mass ratio of the heat filling after coupling and polymeric matrix is less than 1:1, then gained composite particles material thermal conductivity is low; And if the mass ratio of heat filling after coupling and polymeric matrix is greater than 1:0.25, then heat filling is excessive, easily blocks melt extruding in process, not easily process, and in SLS not easy-formation.
Heat filling after step (2) described coupling and polymeric matrix are when stirrer for mixing stirs, and the rotating speed of preferred described mixer is 1000 ~ 1200rpm, and mixing time is 10 ~ 30min.
Step (2) is described in double screw extruder during mixing and extruding pelletization, and the screw speed of preferred described double screw extruder is 160 ~ 300rpm.
In step (3), described composite particles material is carried out cryogenic pulverization under the environment of cooled with liquid nitrogen, sieve recovery fine powder, and meal continues to pulverize, and requires that the composite heat-conducting powder body material particle diameter finally obtained is at 20 ~ 150 μm.
Described in step (4), composite heat-conducting powder body material is shaping in selective laser sintering and moulding machine, and wherein, recommend the preheat temperature of described composite heat-conducting powder body material to be 170 DEG C, shape layer thickness is set to 0.1mm.
In step (5), described heat treatment temperature should more than the polymeric matrix melt temperature of pending molded article.If heat treatment temperature is too low, then heat treatment to no effect; If heat treatment temperature is too high, then easily make product melting deformation, therefore treatment temperature set is good 10 ~ 30 DEG C of the polymeric matrix melt temperature higher than pending molded article.Especially, should not by molded article heat treatment under air ambient.
In step (5), described heat treatment time is good with 0.5 ~ 1.5h, and described heat treatment time does not comprise thermostatic drying chamber is risen to design temperature time by room temperature.If heat treatment time is too short, then product inside has little time melting densification; Heat treatment time is long, increases unhelpful and energy consumption is high to product packing.
In step (5), after heat treatment terminates, by product in thermostatic drying chamber, under nitrogen protection condition, naturally cool to room temperature.Especially, the product exposure after heat treatment should not be cooled in atmosphere.
The selective laser sintering and moulding method of a kind of heat conduction functional material that the present invention proposes, relatively conventional injection mo(u)lding, it is advantageous that, forming process, to the not requirement of composite melt fluidity, fast and effeciently can obtain high heat conduction functional material of filling and the product of molding structure complexity.By the process that mixing extrusion, cryogenic pulverization, heat treatment phase combine, high-performance can be prepared and the regular SLS moulded products of outward appearance, compared with the mechanical blending method of routine or solution blended process, adopt extruding and granulating equipment conventional in present plastic processing, technological process is simple, not high to equipment requirement.
(4) detailed description of the invention
Below by specific embodiment, the present invention is conducted further description, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited in this.
Embodiment 1
(1) 100gKH550 (γ-aminopropyl triethyl silicane) is disperseed in 5000mL ethanol and water quality are than the mixed solution of 1:1, then add 20kgAl
2o
3powder (particle diameter is 3 μm), after stirring, is placed in thermostatic drying chamber, prior to 70 DEG C of dry 2h, then in 110 DEG C of dry 6h, obtains the Al after coupling
2o
3powder;
(2) first that nylon 12 (PA12) particulate material is dry under 80 DEG C of conditions, then, take the Al after the coupling that 16kg prepared according to step (1)
2o
3powder and 4kg dried nylon 12 particulate material, be placed in mixer by the two, and stir 10min under 1000rpm after, then be placed in double screw extruder in 220 DEG C, twice extruding pelletization under 240rpm condition, obtains composite particles material;
(3) the composite particles material prepared according to step (2) is pulverized under the condition of cooled with liquid nitrogen, 120 mesh sieves are crossed after pulverizing, oversize is pulverized again, the lower fine powder of sieve is composite heat-conducting powder body material (particle diameter is between 20 ~ 150 μm), and this material is for the shaping Al of SLS
2o
3/ PA12 composite powder material;
(4) under nitrogen protection, the composite powder material prepared according to step (3) is carried out sinter molding in selective laser sintering and moulding machine, wherein preheat temperature 170 DEG C, shaping thickness 0.1mm, obtains the molded article of neat appearance after shaping; Gained molded article density reaches 1.85g/cm after tested
3, relative density reaches 73.7%;
(5) get the molded article prepared according to step (4), in thermostatic drying chamber, heat-treat under nitrogen protection, heat treatment temperature is 120 DEG C, insulation 1h, takes out after being then cooled to room temperature under nitrogen atmosphere, obtains final SLS moulded products; Test the density after its heat treatment (with reference to GB/T1033-2008) with Archimedes method density balance, variable density before and after contrast heat treatment, calculate this heat treatment temperature and sample density rate of change under the time, concrete data are in table 1.
Embodiment 2
Method is with embodiment 1, and difference is in step (5), and heat treatment temperature is 150 DEG C, insulation 1h process; Test the density after its heat treatment with Archimedes method density balance, variable density before and after contrast heat treatment, calculate this heat treatment temperature and sample density rate of change under the time, concrete data are in table 1.
Embodiment 3
Method is with embodiment 1, and difference is in step (5), and heat treatment temperature is 180 DEG C, insulation 1h process; Test the density after its heat treatment with Archimedes method density balance, variable density before and after contrast heat treatment, calculate this heat treatment temperature and sample density rate of change under the time, concrete data are in table 1.
Embodiment 4
Method is with embodiment 1, and difference is in step (5), and heat treatment temperature is 200 DEG C, insulation 1h process; Test the density after its heat treatment with Archimedes method density balance, variable density before and after contrast heat treatment, calculate this heat treatment temperature and sample density rate of change under the time, concrete data are in table 1.
Embodiment 5
Method is with embodiment 1, and difference is in step (5), and heat treatment temperature is 230 DEG C, insulation 1h process; Test the density after its heat treatment with Archimedes method density balance, variable density before and after contrast heat treatment, calculate this heat treatment temperature and sample density rate of change under the time, concrete data are in table 1.
Embodiment 6
Method is with embodiment 1, and difference is in step (5), and heat treatment temperature is 200 DEG C, insulation 10min process; Test the density after its heat treatment with Archimedes method density balance, variable density before and after contrast heat treatment, calculate this heat treatment temperature and sample density rate of change under the time, concrete data are in table 1.
Embodiment 7
Method is with embodiment 1, and difference is in step (5), and heat treatment temperature is 200 DEG C, insulation 30min process; Test the density after its heat treatment with Archimedes method density balance, variable density before and after contrast heat treatment, calculate this heat treatment temperature and sample density rate of change under the time, concrete data are in table 1.
Embodiment 8
Method is with embodiment 1, and difference is in step (5), and heat treatment temperature is 200 DEG C, insulation 1.5h process; Test the density after its heat treatment with Archimedes method density balance, variable density before and after contrast heat treatment, calculate this heat treatment temperature and sample density rate of change under the time, concrete data are in table 1.
The desired treatment results of table 1 embodiment 1 ~ 8
Embodiment 9
(1) 75gKH550 (γ-aminopropyl triethyl silicane) is disperseed in 3750mL ethanol and water quality are than the mixed solution of 1:1, then add 15kgAl
2o
3powder (particle diameter is 3 μm), after stirring, is placed in thermostatic drying chamber, prior to 70 DEG C of dry 2h, then in 110 DEG C of dry 6h, obtains the Al after coupling
2o
3powder;
(2) first that nylon 12 (PA12) particulate material is dry under 80 DEG C of conditions, then, take the Al after the coupling that 10kg prepared according to step (1)
2o
3powder and 10kg dried nylon 12 particulate material, be placed in mixer by the two, and stir 10min under 1000rpm after, then be placed in double screw extruder in 220 DEG C, twice extruding pelletization under 240rpm condition, obtains composite particles material;
(3) the composite particles material prepared according to step (2) is pulverized under the condition of cooled with liquid nitrogen, 120 mesh sieves are crossed after pulverizing, oversize is pulverized again, the lower fine powder of sieve is composite heat-conducting powder body material (particle diameter is between 20 ~ 150 μm), and this material is for the shaping Al of SLS
2o
3/ PA12 composite powder material;
(4) under nitrogen protection, the composite powder material prepared according to step (3) is carried out sinter molding in selective laser sintering and moulding machine, wherein preheat temperature 170 DEG C, shaping thickness 0.1mm, obtains the molded article of neat appearance after shaping;
(5) get the molded article prepared according to step (4), in thermostatic drying chamber, heat-treat under nitrogen protection; heat treatment temperature is 200 DEG C; insulation 1h, takes out after being then cooled to room temperature under nitrogen atmosphere, obtains final SLS moulded products.
Embodiment 10
(1) 200g titanate coupling agent is disperseed in 6000mL ethanol and water quality are than the mixed solution of 1:1, then 20kgAl powder (particle diameter is 5 μm) is added, after stirring, be placed in thermostatic drying chamber, prior to 70 DEG C of dry 2h, again in 110 DEG C of dry 7h, obtain the Al powder after coupling;
(2) first that nylon 12 (PA12) particulate material is dry under 80 DEG C of conditions, then, take the Al powder after the coupling that 14.5kg prepared according to step (1) and the dried PA12 particulate material of 5.5kg, the two is placed in mixer, stir 10min under 1000rpm after, be placed in double screw extruder again in 230 DEG C, twice extruding pelletization under 260rpm condition, obtains composite particles material;
(3) the composite particles material prepared according to step (2) is pulverized under the condition of cooled with liquid nitrogen, 120 mesh sieves are crossed after pulverizing, oversize is pulverized again, the lower fine powder of sieve is composite heat-conducting powder body material (particle diameter is between 20 ~ 150 μm), and this material is for the shaping Al/PA12 composite powder material of SLS;
(4) under nitrogen protection, the composite powder material prepared according to step (3) is carried out sinter molding in selective laser sintering and moulding machine, wherein preheat temperature 170 DEG C, shaping thickness 0.1mm, obtains the molded article of neat appearance after shaping;
(5) get the molded article prepared according to step (4), in thermostatic drying chamber, heat-treat under nitrogen protection; heat treatment temperature is 200 DEG C; insulation 1h, takes out after being then cooled to room temperature under nitrogen atmosphere, obtains final SLS moulded products.
Embodiment 11
(1) 100gKH570 coupling agent is disperseed in 5000mL ethanol and water quality are than the mixed solution of 1:1, then add after 20kgAlN powder (particle diameter is 2 μm) stirs, be placed in thermostatic drying chamber, prior to 70 DEG C of dry 2h, again in 110 DEG C of dry 6h, obtain the AlN powder after coupling; (2) first that nylon 12 (PA12) particulate material is dry under 80 DEG C of conditions, then, take the AlN powder after the coupling that 14kg prepared according to step (1) and the dried PA12 particulate material of 6kg, the two is placed in mixer, stir 10min under 1000rpm after, be placed in double screw extruder again in 220 DEG C, twice extruding pelletization under 240rpm condition, obtains composite particles material;
(3) the composite particles material prepared according to step (2) is pulverized under the condition of cooled with liquid nitrogen, 120 mesh sieves are crossed after pulverizing, oversize is pulverized again, the lower fine powder of sieve is composite heat-conducting powder body material (particle diameter is between 20 ~ 150 μm), and this material is for the shaping AlN/PA12 composite powder material of SLS;
(4) under nitrogen protection, the composite powder material prepared according to step (3) is carried out sinter molding in selective laser sintering and moulding machine, wherein preheat temperature 170 DEG C, shaping thickness 0.1mm, obtains the molded article of neat appearance after shaping;
(5) get the molded article prepared according to step (4), in thermostatic drying chamber, heat-treat under nitrogen protection; heat treatment temperature is 200 DEG C; insulation 1h, takes out after being then cooled to room temperature under nitrogen atmosphere, obtains final SLS moulded products.
Claims (6)
1. a selective laser sintering and moulding method for heat conduction functional material, is characterized in that, described method is carried out as follows:
(1) coupling agent is disperseed in alcohol-water mixture, obtain coupling agent alcohol solution, gained coupling agent alcohol solution is mixed with heat filling powder, stirs, dry through thermostatic drying chamber, obtain the heat filling after coupling; Wherein, described coupling agent is γ-aminopropyl triethyl silicane, γ-methacryloxypropyl trimethoxy silane or titanate coupling agent; Described heat filling powder is Al
2o
3powder, Al powder or AlN powder; The mass ratio of described coupling agent and heat filling powder is 0.5 ~ 1:100;
(2) heat filling after step (1) gained coupling and polymeric matrix after stirrer for mixing stirs, in 200 ~ 250 DEG C of mixing and extruding pelletizations in double screw extruder, are obtained composite particles material in 1:0.25 ~ 1 in mass ratio; Wherein, described polymeric matrix is nylon 12;
(3) under the condition of cooled with liquid nitrogen, step (2) gained composite particles material is pulverized, obtain the composite heat-conducting powder body material that particle diameter is 20 ~ 150 μm;
(4), under nitrogen protection, composite heat-conducting powder body material step (3) prepared is shaping in selective laser sintering and moulding machine, obtains molded article;
(5) step (4) gained molded article is heat-treated; described heat-treating methods is: described molded article is put into thermostatic drying chamber; under nitrogen protection; in 180 ~ 200 DEG C of isothermal holding 0.5 ~ 1.5h; naturally cool to room temperature under nitrogen atmosphere afterwards, obtain described heat conduction functional material.
2. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that, in step (1) described alcohol-water mixture, the mass ratio of alcohol and water is 1:0.5 ~ 1.5, and described alcohol is ethanol.
3. method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that, in step (1), the volumetric usage of described alcohol-water mixture counts 0.20 ~ 0.35mL/g with the quality of heat filling.
4. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that, the particle diameter of the described heat filling powder of step (1) is 0.1 ~ 10 μm.
5. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that, the described method through thermostatic drying chamber drying of step (1) is: at 70 DEG C of drying 2 ~ 4h, then in 110 DEG C of drying 4 ~ 8h.
6. the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that, described in step (4), composite heat-conducting powder body material is shaping in selective laser sintering and moulding machine, wherein, the preheat temperature of described composite heat-conducting powder body material is 170 DEG C, and shape layer thickness is set to 0.1mm.
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109749442A (en) * | 2018-12-17 | 2019-05-14 | 浙江大学宁波理工学院 | A kind of selective laser sintering polyimide powder powder material and its preparation method and application |
| CN112500699A (en) * | 2020-11-19 | 2021-03-16 | 裕克施乐塑料制品（太仓）有限公司 | Composite heat conduction material and preparation method thereof |
| CN113549318A (en) * | 2021-08-02 | 2021-10-26 | 华东理工大学 | Special powder for 3D printing of automobile heat-conducting seat lining material and preparation method thereof |
| CN113604036A (en) * | 2021-08-05 | 2021-11-05 | 华东理工大学 | Method for preparing nylon 6-based heat conduction material based on additive manufacturing technology |
| CN113652082A (en) * | 2021-08-05 | 2021-11-16 | 华东理工大学 | 3D printing molded nylon 12/compound heat-conducting filler special-shaped heat-conducting part |
-
2015
- 2015-03-24 CN CN201510130569.4A patent/CN104760296A/en active Pending
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
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| 唐城城: "选择性激光烧结用Al2O3/PA12复合材料的制备和成型", 《塑料工业》 * |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109749442A (en) * | 2018-12-17 | 2019-05-14 | 浙江大学宁波理工学院 | A kind of selective laser sintering polyimide powder powder material and its preparation method and application |
| CN109749442B (en) * | 2018-12-17 | 2021-07-23 | 浙江大学宁波理工学院 | Polyimide powder material for selective laser sintering and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN112500699A (en) * | 2020-11-19 | 2021-03-16 | 裕克施乐塑料制品（太仓）有限公司 | Composite heat conduction material and preparation method thereof |
| CN113549318A (en) * | 2021-08-02 | 2021-10-26 | 华东理工大学 | Special powder for 3D printing of automobile heat-conducting seat lining material and preparation method thereof |
| CN113604036A (en) * | 2021-08-05 | 2021-11-05 | 华东理工大学 | Method for preparing nylon 6-based heat conduction material based on additive manufacturing technology |
| CN113652082A (en) * | 2021-08-05 | 2021-11-16 | 华东理工大学 | 3D printing molded nylon 12/compound heat-conducting filler special-shaped heat-conducting part |
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