CN104752682A - Preparation method of sulphur/carbon composite cathode material for lithium sulphur battery - Google Patents
Preparation method of sulphur/carbon composite cathode material for lithium sulphur battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN104752682A CN104752682A CN201510112917.5A CN201510112917A CN104752682A CN 104752682 A CN104752682 A CN 104752682A CN 201510112917 A CN201510112917 A CN 201510112917A CN 104752682 A CN104752682 A CN 104752682A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
- H01M4/049—Manufacturing of an active layer by chemical means
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of application of electrochemistry, and in particular relates to a preparation method of a sulphur/carbon composite cathode material for a lithium sulphur battery. The preparation method comprises the following steps: compounding a carbon material having small specific surface area, good electrical conductivity and small particle diameter with sulphur at first, pulping, and coating a current collector to obtain a transition layer; and then, compounding a porous carbon material having a large specific surface with sulphur, pulping, and coating the transition layer to obtain an active layer. According to the preparation method of the sulphur/carbon composite cathode material provided by the invention, the problem of being poor in cohesiveness between slurry and the current collector is effectively solved; the complete cathode material can be obtained after well compacting; and furthermore, the sulphur/carbon composite cathode material has good cycling performance.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to electrochemical applications technical field, particularly a kind of sulphur/carbon composite anode material preparation method of lithium-sulfur cell.
Background technology
Lithium-sulfur rechargeable battery has the theoretical specific energy up to 1675mAh/g, its operating voltage is at about 2.1V, the application demand of multiple occasion can be met, and elemental sulfur has the features such as aboundresources, with low cost, environmental friendliness, having application and development prospect, is the study hotspot of current field of chemical power source.But active material utilization is low and cycle performance is poor governs further developing and applying of lithium-sulfur cell always.In order to overcome these problems, researchers conduct in-depth research in the finishing etc. of the material composition of sulfur electrode and the Youization ﹑ cathode of lithium of Bei Fang Fa ﹑ electrolyte processed.To in the research of sulfur electrode, sulphur/carbon composite achieves comparatively significant effect.Usually the material with carbon element adopted has high-ratio surface and pore structure, and this is conducive to being uniformly distributed of sulphur and load, utilizes the technique of heat treatment or solution impregnation sulphur can be evenly spread in duct or space, obviously can improve the conductivity of sulphur positive pole.Meanwhile, utilize the mesoporous stronger absorption property of Wei Kong ﹑ to limit the loss by dissolution of polysulfide.Sulphur is to the unsaturated filling of carbon pores in addition, for volumetric expansion provides cushion space.By designing the pore size of material with carbon element, pore volume, specific area and pattern, the methods such as the ratio of adjustment different pore size can improve load capacity and decentralization, to reaching the discharge capacity improving electrode material and the object improving electrode cycle stability.
In recent years, a large amount of carbon pores materials (from being less than the poromerics of 2 nm to the large pore material being greater than 50 nm) is applied to lithium-sulfur cell, in order to improve specific capacity and the cyclical stability of battery.But these carbon pores materials cause greatly the caking property of itself and current collector aluminum foil poor due to its density little ﹑ specific area, this affects the cycle life of lithium-sulfur cell to a great extent.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of preparation method of sulphur/carbon composite anode material of lithium-sulfur cell, this preparation method is simple also effectively can solve the bad problem of caking property between slurry and collector.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
Sulphur/carbon composite anode material preparation method of lithium-sulfur cell, its special character is: comprise the following steps:
1) preparation of transition zone: material with carbon element is mixed with sulphur, in tube furnace, temperature programming under an inert atmosphere, be cooled to room temperature after mixture is fully reacted, obtain sulphur/carbon composite, sulphur/carbon composite is joined in NMP, abundant mixing is sized mixing, be coated in aluminum foil current collector, 60 DEG C of vacuum drying chambers dryings 24 hours, obtain the aluminum foil current collector with transition zone;
2) preparation of active layer: Graphene is mixed with the ratio of sulphur according to mass ratio 1:9 ~ 10, in tube furnace, temperature programming under an inert atmosphere, room temperature is cooled to after mixture is fully reacted, obtain sulphur/graphene composite material, by sulphur/graphene composite material: PVDF:SP according to mass ratio (7 ~ 8): (1 ~ 2): the ratio mixing of 1, add NMP and regulate slurry viscosity, magnetic agitation 4 hours, put into ultrasonator, ultrasonic power 40-200W, sonic oscillation 1 hour, obtained slurry, then be coated on transition zone, 60 DEG C of vacuum drying chambers dryings 24 hours, obtain final positive plate.
Sulphur/carbon composite anode material the preparation method of a kind of lithium-sulfur cell of the present invention, the material with carbon element described in step 1) is one or more in graphite, carbon black, acetylene black, carbon nano-tube, carbon fiber, Graphene, SP, KS.
Sulphur/carbon composite anode material the preparation method of a kind of lithium-sulfur cell of the present invention, the material with carbon element that in step 1), transition zone uses, its surface area is less than 100m
2/ g, particle diameter D50 is less than 10 μm.
Sulphur/carbon composite anode material the preparation method of a kind of lithium-sulfur cell of the present invention, the thickness of transition zone described in step 1) is 2-10 μm.
Sulphur/carbon composite anode material the preparation method of a kind of lithium-sulfur cell of the present invention, the specific area of Graphene used is 400-600m
2/ g, conductance is 8000-12000S/m.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: sulphur of the present invention/carbon composite anode material preparation method, simple to operate, be coated with by bilayer, the problem that between effective solution slurry and collector, caking property is bad, there is not peeling, fall to expect phenomenon, after compacting, very complete positive electrode can be obtained, and there is good cycle performance.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Accompanying drawing 1 is sulfur content prepared by the embodiment of the present invention 1 is the Graphene lithium-sulfur cell of 65 wt.%, the first charge-discharge curve under 0.2C multiplying power.
Accompanying drawing 2 is sulfur contents prepared by the embodiment of the present invention 1 is 65 wt.% Graphene lithium-sulfur cells, 100 cyclical stability tests under 0.2C multiplying power.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with in specific embodiment, technical scheme of the present invention is clearly and completely described.
In the present invention, the specific area of the material with carbon element adopted in transition zone is little, the hole in material or orifice throat ratio less, general to carry sulfur content lower, therefore along with the increase of coating layer thickness can reduce the energy density of battery.In theory, tie coat gets over Bao Yuehao.But along with coating is thinning, the adhesion strength between active coating and collector can be affected, and this has adverse effect to the performance of battery.For the material with carbon element of routine, the thickness of conductive coating is usually at one to tens micron, and the thickness of coating of the present invention is preferably 1 ~ 10 micron.Graphene specific area 400-600m of the present invention
2/ g, conductance 8000-12000S/m.
Embodiment 1
(1) preparation of sulphur/carbon composite:
By Graphene, MCMB mixes, in tube furnace respectively at the ratio of sublimed sulfur according to 1:10 and 1:5, in atmosphere of inert gases, heat up with the heating rate of 10 DEG C/min, 155 DEG C of constant temperature 6 hours, afterwards, heat up with the heating rate of 10 DEG C/min, 200 DEG C of constant temperature 2 hours, afterwards, heat up with the heating rate of 10 DEG C/min, 300 DEG C of constant temperature 2 hours, be cooled to room temperature, obtain sulphur/MCMB and sulphur/graphene composite material.
(2) preparation of transition zone:
Sulphur/MCMB composite material is joined NMP(N-methyl pyrrolidone) in, in planetary ball mill, ratio of grinding media to material 20:1, rotating speed is 300 revs/min, ball milling 4 hours, and ball milling can make carbon/sulphur composite material be dispersed in comparatively uniformly in NMP.Then according to PVDF(Kynoar): the ratio of sulphur/MCMB composite material 1:9 adds PVDF, and ball milling 2 hours, obtains slurry, be coated in aluminum foil current collector.60 DEG C of vacuum drying chambers dryings 24 hours, obtain the aluminum foil current collector with transition zone, after drying, the thickness of transition zone was 10 μm.
(3) preparation of active layer:
By sulphur/graphene composite material: PVDF:SP binding agent mixes according to the ratio of 8:1:1, add NMP and regulate slurry viscosity, magnetic agitation 4 hours, put into ultrasonator, ultrasonic power about 160 W, sonic oscillation 1 hour, obtained slurry, then be coated on transition zone, 60 DEG C of vacuum drying chambers dryings 24 hours, obtain final positive plate.
By ready positive plate compacting, cut-parts, with lithium sheet for negative pole, adopt Celgard barrier film, electrolyte selects concentration to be 1mol L
-1dOX (DOL)-glycol dimethyl ether (DME) base two (trifluoromethane sulfonic acid) imine lithium (LiTFSI) electrolyte, be designated as LiTFSI/DOL-DME(volume ratio 1:1), and add the LiNO of 0.1wt.%
3, be assembled into button cell, test battery performance.Sulfur content wherein in positive plate is 65wt%.Under 0.2C multiplying power, carry out discharge and recharge, from accompanying drawing 1, discharge capacity first 755 mAh/g of double-coated lithium-sulfur cell is 582 mAh/g by discharge capacity after visible 100 circulations of accompanying drawing 2.The average capacity attenuation often enclosed is only 0.23%.So lithium-sulfur cell prepared by this method has good cycle performance.
Embodiment 2
(1) preparation of sulphur/carbon composite:
By Graphene, MCMB mixes, in tube furnace respectively at the ratio of sublimed sulfur according to 1:10 and 1:5, in atmosphere of inert gases, heat up with the heating rate of 10 DEG C/min, 155 DEG C of constant temperature 6 hours, afterwards, heat up with the heating rate of 10 DEG C/min, 200 DEG C of constant temperature 2 hours, afterwards, heat up with the heating rate of 10 DEG C/min, 300 DEG C of constant temperature 2 hours, be cooled to room temperature, obtain sulphur/MCMB and sulphur/graphene composite material.
(2) preparation of transition zone:
Join in NMP by sulphur/MCMB composite material, magnetic agitation 6 hours, puts into ultrasonator, ultrasonic power about 100 W, sonic oscillation 1 hour.Add 1.25g PVDF and appropriate NMP afterwards and regulate slurry viscosity, continue magnetic agitation 2h, this slurry is coated on aluminium foil, and carry out dry 24h at the vacuum drying chamber of 120 DEG C, obtain the aluminum foil current collector with transition zone, after drying, the thickness of transition zone is 9 μm.
(3) preparation of active layer:
Sulphur/graphene composite material: PVDF:SP is mixed according to the ratio of 8:1:1, add NMP and regulate slurry viscosity, magnetic agitation 4 hours, puts into ultrasonator, ultrasonic power about 40 W, sonic oscillation 1 hour, obtains slurry, then coats on transition zone, 60 DEG C of vacuum drying chambers dryings 24 hours, obtain final positive plate, carry out compacting, without Qi Pi ﹑ dry linting phenomenon.
Embodiment 3
(1) preparation of sulphur/carbon composite:
By Graphene, MCMB mixes, in tube furnace respectively at the ratio of sublimed sulfur according to 1:10 and 1:5, in atmosphere of inert gases, heat up with the heating rate of 10 DEG C/min, 155 DEG C of constant temperature 6 hours, afterwards, heat up with the heating rate of 10 DEG C/min, 200 DEG C of constant temperature 2 hours, afterwards, heat up with the heating rate of 10 DEG C/min, 300 DEG C of constant temperature 2 hours, be cooled to room temperature, obtain sulphur/MCMB and sulphur/graphene composite material.
(2) preparation of transition zone:
Join in NMP by sulphur/MCMB composite material: PVDF:SP according to 7:1:2, magnetic agitation 6 hours, puts into ultrasonator, ultrasonic power about 200 W, sonic oscillation 1 hour.Magnetic agitation 2h afterwards, is coated on this slurry on aluminium foil, and carries out dry 24h at the vacuum drying chamber of 120 DEG C, obtains the aluminum foil current collector with transition zone, and after drying, the thickness of transition zone is 7 μm.
(3) preparation of active layer:
Sulphur/graphene composite material: PVDF:SP is mixed according to the ratio of 8:1:1, add NMP and regulate slurry viscosity, magnetic agitation 4 hours, put into ultrasonator, ultrasonic power about 200 W, sonic oscillation 1 hour, obtain positive electrode slurry, then be coated on transition zone, 60 DEG C of vacuum drying chambers dryings 24 hours, obtain final positive plate.Carry out compacting, without Qi Pi ﹑ dry linting phenomenon.
Embodiment 4
(1) preparation of sulphur/carbon composite:
By Graphene, acetylene black does not mix, in tube furnace according to the ratio of 1:10 and 1:1 with sulphur content respectively, in atmosphere of inert gases, heat up with the heating rate of 10 DEG C/min, 155 DEG C of constant temperature 6 hours, afterwards, heat up with the heating rate of 10 DEG C/min, 200 DEG C of constant temperature 2 hours, afterwards, heat up with the heating rate of 10 DEG C/min, 300 DEG C of constant temperature 2 hours, be cooled to room temperature, obtain sulphur/acetylene black, sulphur/graphene composite material.
(2) preparation of transition zone:
Sulphur/acetylene black composite material is joined in NMP, in planetary ball mill, ratio of grinding media to material 20:1, rotating speed is 300 revs/min, ball milling 2 hours, and the ratio being then 9:1 according to sulphur/acetylene black composite material: PVDF adds PVDF, ball milling 2 hours, obtains slurry, is coated in aluminum foil current collector.60 DEG C of vacuum drying chambers dryings 24 hours, obtain the aluminum foil current collector with transition zone, after drying, the thickness of transition zone was 4 μm.
(3) preparation of active layer:
Sulphur/graphene composite material: PVDF:SP is mixed according to the ratio of 8:1:1, magnetic agitation 4 hours, put into ultrasonator, ultrasonic power about 40 W, sonic oscillation 1 hour, obtains positive electrode slurry, is then coated on transition zone, 60 DEG C of vacuum drying chambers dryings 24 hours, obtain final positive plate.Carry out compacting, without Qi Pi ﹑ dry linting phenomenon.
Embodiment 5
(1) preparation of sulphur/carbon composite:
By Graphene, carbon nano-tube mixes, in tube furnace with the ratio of sublimed sulfur according to 1:10 and 1:1 respectively, in atmosphere of inert gases, heat up with the heating rate of 10 DEG C/min, 155 DEG C of constant temperature 6 hours, afterwards, heat up with the heating rate of 10 DEG C/min, 200 DEG C of constant temperature 2 hours, afterwards, heat up with the heating rate of 10 DEG C/min, 300 DEG C of constant temperature 2 hours, be cooled to room temperature, obtain sulphur/carbon nano-tube, sulphur/graphene composite material.
(2) preparation of transition zone:
Sulphur/carbon nano tube compound material is joined in NMP, and add the neopelex (SDBS) of 0.1wt.%, in planetary ball mill, ratio of grinding media to material 20:1, rotating speed is 300 revs/min, ball milling 6 hours, then according to PVDF: carbon nano-tube/sulphur composite material is that 1:9 adds PVDF, ball milling 2 hours, obtains slurry, coats in aluminum foil current collector.60 DEG C of vacuum drying chambers dryings 24 hours, obtain the aluminum foil current collector with transition zone, after drying, the thickness of transition zone was 4 μm.
(3) preparation of active layer:
Sulphur/graphene composite material: PVDF:SP is mixed according to the ratio of 8:1:1, add NMP and regulate slurry viscosity, magnetic agitation 4 hours, puts into ultrasonator, ultrasonic power about 160 W, sonic oscillation 1 hour, obtains slurry, coats on transition zone, 60 DEG C of vacuum drying chambers dryings 24 hours, obtain final positive plate, carry out compacting, without Qi Pi ﹑ dry linting phenomenon.
Comparative example 1
By Graphene, MCMB mixes, in tube furnace respectively at the ratio of sublimed sulfur according to 1:10 and 1:5, in atmosphere of inert gases, heat up with the heating rate of 10 DEG C/min, 155 DEG C of constant temperature 6 hours, afterwards, heat up with the heating rate of 10 DEG C/min, 200 DEG C of constant temperature 2 hours, afterwards, heat up with the heating rate of 10 DEG C/min, 300 DEG C of constant temperature 2 hours, be cooled to room temperature, obtain sulphur/MCMB and sulphur/graphene composite material.
Sulphur/graphene composite material: PVDF:SP is mixed according to the ratio of 8:1:1, add NMP and regulate slurry viscosity, magnetic agitation 4 hours, puts into ultrasonator, ultrasonic power about 200 W, sonic oscillation 1 hour, obtains slurry, then coats on transition zone, at vacuum drying chamber, 60 DEG C, dry 24 hours, obtain positive plate.Carry out compacting, Qi Pi ﹑ dry linting phenomenon is serious.
Claims (5)
1. sulphur/carbon composite anode material preparation method of lithium-sulfur cell, is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:
1) preparation of transition zone: material with carbon element is mixed with sulphur, in tube furnace, temperature programming under an inert atmosphere, be cooled to room temperature after mixture is fully reacted, obtain sulphur/carbon composite, sulphur/carbon composite is joined in NMP, abundant mixing is sized mixing, be coated in aluminum foil current collector, 60 DEG C of vacuum drying chambers dryings 24 hours, obtain the aluminum foil current collector with transition zone;
2) preparation of active layer: Graphene is mixed with the ratio of sulphur according to mass ratio 1:9 ~ 10, in tube furnace, temperature programming under an inert atmosphere, room temperature is cooled to after mixture is fully reacted, obtain sulphur/graphene composite material, by sulphur/graphene composite material: PVDF:SP according to mass ratio (7 ~ 8): (1 ~ 2): the ratio mixing of 1, add NMP and regulate slurry viscosity, magnetic agitation 4 hours, put into ultrasonator, ultrasonic power 40-200W, sonic oscillation 1 hour, obtained slurry, then be coated on transition zone, 60 DEG C of vacuum drying chambers dryings 24 hours, obtain final positive plate.
2. sulphur/carbon composite anode material the preparation method of a kind of lithium-sulfur cell according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described material with carbon element is one or more in graphite, carbon black, acetylene black, carbon nano-tube, carbon fiber, Graphene, SP, KS.
3. sulphur/carbon composite anode material the preparation method of a kind of lithium-sulfur cell according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: the material with carbon element that transition zone uses, and its surface area is less than 100m
2/ g, particle diameter D50 is less than 10 μm.
4. sulphur/carbon composite anode material the preparation method of a kind of lithium-sulfur cell according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: the thickness of described transition zone is 2-10 μm.
5. sulphur/carbon composite anode material the preparation method of a kind of lithium-sulfur cell according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: the specific area of described Graphene is 400-600m
2/ g, conductance is 8000-12000S/m.
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Cited By (5)
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| CN106207097A (en) * | 2016-07-30 | 2016-12-07 | 肖丽芳 | A kind of lithium-sulfur cell pole piece and the preparation method of battery thereof |
| CN106299246A (en) * | 2016-09-20 | 2017-01-04 | 中国科学院化学研究所 | Metal secondary batteries composite negative pole and application thereof |
| CN106898778A (en) * | 2017-04-17 | 2017-06-27 | 中国科学院化学研究所 | A kind of metal secondary batteries negative pole three-dimensional collector and its production and use |
| WO2018121751A1 (en) * | 2016-12-30 | 2018-07-05 | 浙江大学 | Graphene flower preparation method and application of same in lithium sulphur battery |
| CN113764624A (en) * | 2021-09-17 | 2021-12-07 | 西安理工大学 | Preparation method of high-performance lithium-sulfur battery positive plate with gradient structure |
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| CN106207097A (en) * | 2016-07-30 | 2016-12-07 | 肖丽芳 | A kind of lithium-sulfur cell pole piece and the preparation method of battery thereof |
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| CN106898778A (en) * | 2017-04-17 | 2017-06-27 | 中国科学院化学研究所 | A kind of metal secondary batteries negative pole three-dimensional collector and its production and use |
| CN106898778B (en) * | 2017-04-17 | 2020-04-24 | 中国科学院化学研究所 | Three-dimensional current collector for metal secondary battery cathode and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN113764624A (en) * | 2021-09-17 | 2021-12-07 | 西安理工大学 | Preparation method of high-performance lithium-sulfur battery positive plate with gradient structure |
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