CN104751121A - Optical waveguide type fingerprint identifying system based on grating structure - Google Patents
Optical waveguide type fingerprint identifying system based on grating structure Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to an optical waveguide type fingerprint identifying system based on a grating structure. The optical waveguide type fingerprint identifying system comprises a light source, a grating, an optical wave-guider, a detection area and an image sensor, wherein the light source is used providing light for fingerprint acquisition, the grating is used for converting incident light of the light source into a waveguide die propagated in the optical waveguide for fingerprint detection, and the optical waveguide is used for propagating and carrying out total reflection light of the light source after being diffracted by the grating; the detection area is used for being in contact with a fingerprint to realize fingerprint acquisition, and the image sensor is used for enabling the light of the light source being reflected by the finger to enter the image sensor to realize fingerprint imaging. The optical waveguide type fingerprint identifying system is characterized in that a grating structure is used when the light source enters a light path of the optical wave-guider so that the light in the optical wave-guider is diffracted to form fingerprint detection light, and then is received to a fingerprint image which is not subject to aliasing by a sensor, so as to significantly reduce, realize periodic area fingerprint acquisition and touch control, realize the miniature and ultrathin of the system, and effectively the imaging quality at the same time.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to optical fingerprint technical field of imaging, particularly a kind of light wave conduction fingerprint recognition system based on optical grating construction.
Background technology
Fingerprint identification technology, classifies by fingerprint image acquisition mode, can be divided into optical profile type, condenser type, RF-type three major types.When finger contact, corresponding sensor is by detection respective physical amount and be converted into electrical quantities and form fingerprint image and to compare identification.
Capacitance type fingerprint recognition system adopts sensor as a pole of electric capacity, and point as another pole, the ridge formation capacitance difference different from paddy antipode Board position of finger print, this capacitance difference is detected formation fingerprint image.RF-type fingerprint recognition system is the radiofrequency signal of being launched trace by the radio-frequency (RF) transmitter of internal system, this signal penetrates finger skin top layer and arrives skin corium, ridge and the paddy of finger print cause the energy loss of radiofrequency signal different, and receiver forms fingerprint image by the energy distribution accepted.
Optical fingerprint recognition system, carries out imaging by the image receiving finger print reflection.Traditional optical fingerprint identification system generally has three shortcomings: 1. complex structure is difficult to microminiaturization; 2. light path affects comparatively large by finger diffuse reflection, and image quality is not high; 3. use the finger scan mode of slidingtype, Consumer's Experience sense is poor; US Patent No. 5177802 discloses the structure that a kind of prism realizes fingerprint image reading, but this structure is owing to employing prism, is thus difficult to realize microminiaturization, can not be used for the mobile terminal such as smart mobile phone, panel computer.Chinese patent CN1820272A discloses the system that a kind of optical waveguide structure realizes fingerprint image reading, but the light path of this structure is more coarse, and image quality is poor and optical waveguide structure is thicker, is difficult to realize ultrathin.US Patent No. 6259108B1 discloses a kind of structure using line array CCD to carry out slide fingerprint scanning, but one-piece construction is comparatively large, and is difficult to microminiaturized.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is the deficiency for above-mentioned optical fingerprint recognition technology, a kind of light wave conduction fingerprint recognition system based on optical grating construction is provided, while realizing miniature and ultrathin, significantly improve fingerprint imaging quality, increase orientation area, reduce costs, improve fingerprint recognition accuracy rate.
Technical solution of the present invention is as follows:
Based on a light wave conduction fingerprint recognition system for grating, its feature is, comprises optical waveguide, is positioned at the light source of this optical waveguide outside, lays respectively at a side of this optical waveguide or the grating relatively on two sides and imageing sensor;
The light that described light source sends forms detection light after described optical grating diffraction, received by described imageing sensor after being totally reflected in described optical waveguide, one side or the relative two sides of the optical waveguide that described detection light arrives form multiple surveyed area, and this surveyed area gathers finger print information by finger contact.
When the region that the described surveyed area any surface that is optical waveguide is periodic distribution, then optical grating diffraction angle θ meets following formula:
tanθ≥L/2d
L≥m
In formula: L is the single area width that detection light arrives a side of optical waveguide, and m is surveyed area width, and d is the thickness of optical waveguide.
When whole the region that described surveyed area is optical waveguide any surface, then one side grating diffraction angle meets following formula:
tanθ＝L/2d
L≥m
In formula: L is the single area width that detection light arrives a side of optical waveguide, and m is surveyed area width, and d is the thickness of optical waveguide;
When whole the region that described surveyed area is the two sides of optical waveguide, then two-sided grating diffraction angle meets following formula:
tanθ＝L/d
L≥m
In formula: L is the single area width that detection light arrives a side of optical waveguide, and m is surveyed area width, and d is the thickness of optical waveguide.
The width of described imageing sensor at least equals the width of single surveyed area, and described raster width at least equals the width of single surveyed area, and it is inner or outside that described imageing sensor is positioned at optical waveguide.
Described imageing sensor is two-dimensional array, is arranged in the two sides that two of described optical waveguide are adjacent.
Described grating orientation is perpendicular to optical waveguide or to favour optical waveguide with detection optical propagation direction contrary direction.
When described surveyed area is whole, imageing sensor at least equals the width of detection faces and is placed in the one side of optical waveguide, or it is staggered relatively that the sensor that width, position correspond respectively to the search coverage that two gratings are formed is positioned at optical waveguide two sides, and two sides grating overall width should at least equal detection faces width.
Described fingerprint recognition system is used for realizing touch controllable function simultaneously, and now described imageing sensor is two-dimensional array, is arranged on two adjacent edges of optical waveguide, while realizing touch-control, realizes fingerprint recognition.
Be positioned at the grating of optical waveguide outside to be distributed in the subregion of optical waveguide side, or be distributed in the Zone Full of whole, or be distributed in the subregion on optical waveguide two sides.
Described grating is that metal grating is made up of transparent or opaque material, comprises individual layer or multiple layer metal, or at grating surface covering metal layer; Described screen periods meets and makes the image received aliasing not occur under certain lambda1-wavelength.
Described light source can be monochromatic LED light source but be not limited to monochrome;
Described optical grating construction is transparent or metal material is made, period restrictions.
Described optical grating construction can be vertical grating or skew ray grid relative to incident light.
The refractive index of described optical waveguide material is single or gradual change.
In certain wavelength incident light situation, cycle of one side grating (namely grating is positioned at a side of optical waveguide) meets when optical waveguide thickness, refractive index are certain, optical waveguide away from or near light source two sides on form periodic surveyed area, adopt for finger print information.Further, the detection light that periodic surveyed area adjoins each other, search coverage supplements the whole light wave guide face of covering is mutually formed.
In certain wavelength incident light situation, after two-sided grating (namely grating is positioned at the two sides of optical waveguide simultaneously) carries out diffraction, the periodicity surveyed area that the detection light formed is formed on the two sides of optical waveguide mutually supplements, therefore, form upper and lower whole light wave guide face and all can gather fingerprint.
The present invention can realize touch controllable function simultaneously, and now imageing sensor is two-dimensional array, is arranged on two adjacent edges of optical waveguide, while realizing touch-control, realizes fingerprint recognition.
The grating be positioned in optical waveguide is distributed in the subregion of optical waveguide side, or is distributed in the Zone Full of whole.Also can be the subregion being distributed in optical waveguide two sides.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention is as follows:
The present invention is by the use of grating and fiber waveguide device, light path control accurately can be realized, the picture quality of effective increase fingerprint collecting, under same volume, obtain larger image acquisition area, effectively promote the picture quality of fingerprint collecting, and contactless collection can be realized, significantly reduce the volume of fingerprint acquisition device simultaneously, make this device can be built in mobile phone, the mobile terminals such as panel computer, and with low cost.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is that the light wave conduction fingerprint recognition system that the present invention is based on grating assists the schematic diagram of setting forth mathematical relation.
Fig. 2 is screen periods is 360nm, and wavelength is 550nm, 0 grade of transmitted light and ± 1 order diffraction light transmission efficiencies figure when incident light incides grating with-90 to 90 degree.
Fig. 3 is screen periods is 360nm, and wavelength is 550nm, 0 grade of transmitted light and the efficiency of transmission figure of ± 1 order diffraction light through grating effusion waveguide when incident light is incident with-90 to 90 degree.
Fig. 4 is a kind of technology planar structure schematic diagram of the existing fingerprint recognition system based on light wave conduction.
Fig. 5 is the structural representation of light wave conduction fingerprint recognition system first embodiment that the present invention is based on grating.
Fig. 6 is the planar structure schematic diagram of the second embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is the planar structure schematic diagram of the third embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is the planar structure schematic diagram of the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is the planar structure schematic diagram of the fifth embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 10 is the planar structure schematic diagram of the sixth embodiment of the present invention, and wherein Figure 10 (a) is the plane of the 6th embodiment, and Figure 10 (b) is the three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of the 6th embodiment.
Figure 11 is the planar structure schematic diagram of the present invention for the embodiment of touch-control.
Figure 12 is the planar structure schematic diagram of the embodiment that the present invention and optical touch control panel combine.
Figure 13 is originally for the schematic top plan view of touch-control embodiment.
In figure: 101-light source, 102-optical waveguide structure, 103-imageing sensor.201-grating, 202-optical waveguide, 203-light source, 204-imageing sensor, 205-surveyed area.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing, the present invention is elaborated, but should not limit the scope of the invention with this.
Based on a light wave conduction fingerprint recognition system for optical grating construction, comprise grating 201, the incident light from light source is converted into the light being used for fingerprint detection can propagated in optical waveguide; Optical waveguide 202, the light from light source can carry out total reflection wherein and propagate after optical grating diffraction; Surveyed area 205, finger contact gathers the region of fingerprint; Light source 203, provides fingerprint collecting to use up; Imageing sensor 204, enters imageing sensor after handling digital reflex realize fingerprint imaging from the light of light source.
According to optical grating diffraction equation T (n
1sin θ ± n
2sini)=k λ k=0, ± 1, ± 2..... (1)
Wherein, T is screen periods, n
1for refractive index in waveguide, n
2for incident medium refractive index, k is diffraction progression, and θ is angle of diffraction, and i is incident angle, and λ is incident wavelength, and d is optical waveguide thickness ,+represent transmission diffraction ,-be reflection diffraction.This Patent be transmission diffraction situation get+number, thus for+1 order diffraction, angle of diffraction meet
From (2) formula, larger angle of diffraction and coupling efficiency can be obtained by control screen periods and incident angle.
Consult Fig. 1, the detectable peak width of detection light is L, and fingerprint detection peak width is m.For making finger print information all gather, should meet:
L≥m (3)
Causing imaging aliasing for still staying surveyed area after preventing that angle of diffraction is too small and causing the detection light total reflection of probed fingerprint once, should meet:
tanθ≥L/2d (4)
The situation that angle of diffraction is less can be used to realize touch-control, and now in the one side of optical waveguide away from light source, detection light occurs to be totally reflected the region once arrived afterwards still can carry out fingerprint collecting, and thus surveyed area can be periodic distribution, and cycle t meets:
t＝2dtanθ (5)。
Can by preparing grating in optical waveguide both sides; the search coverage that two gratings are formed is supplemented mutually, realizes whole and all can gather fingerprint, below for the isometric mathematical relation inquired into wherein of both sides grating; but should not limit the protection domain of this patent with this, both sides Length discrepancy also can realize.Consult Fig. 7, now meet:
tanθ＝L/d (6)
Can by the side of preparing grating in optical waveguide, and angle of diffraction be met:
tanθ＝L/2d (7)
Namely the detectable area that now one-sided grating is formed mutually supplements and aliasing does not occur, and realizes whole and all can gather fingerprint.
By (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) formula know can by controlling screen periods T, incident wavelength λ and incident angle i obtain thinner thickness under satisfactory condition, and realize localization, periodic regions can gather fingerprint and whole gather fingerprint and touch-control.
0 and ± 1 grade of diffraction efficiency obtained when Fig. 2 to be screen periods be 360nm, 550nm incident light is incident with all angles, when can see 20 degree of angles, efficiency reaches more than 20%.
Fig. 3 is under square one, and 0 grade and ± 1 order diffraction Transmission light go out the efficiency of optical waveguide, has quite most of light to be formed in optical waveguide to detect light with Fig. 2 is more known.
Fig. 4 is a kind of technology planar structure schematic diagram of the existing fingerprint recognition system based on light wave conduction.Can find out, the light that the finger diffuse reflection that imageing sensor receives produces, thus image quality is poor, and entirety is difficult to lightening.
Refer to Fig. 5, Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of the first embodiment of optical fingerprint identification system of the present invention, comprises grating 201, optical waveguide 202, light source 203, imageing sensor 204 and fingerprint detection region 205.Described grating 201 is positioned at the side subregion of optical waveguide near light source, and on left end one side of namely described optical waveguide 202, described imageing sensor 204 is distributed on right-hand member one side of this optical waveguide (202).Fingerprint detection region 205 refers to that light source is totally reflected to the region of waveguide after grating (201) diffraction in optical waveguide, and this region should be that optical waveguide is outside with the region of period distances distribution, and the cycle is 2dtan θ.
During work, finger is placed on surveyed area 205, and the light source 203 being positioned at waveguide external sends light, and in the present embodiment, light source is monochromatic, and grating 201, the light sent by light source makes it to be coupled to the detection light forming fingerprint in optical waveguide 202 through diffraction.After the detection light formed in optical waveguide 202 arrives surveyed area, the ridge (protruding part) of finger print can be totally reflected structure with the direct contact failure of surveyed area and cause optical energy loss, and paddy (recessed part) is not because contacting thus free of losses, detection light finally arrives imageing sensor 204, imageing sensor 204 receives detection light, and judge ridge and paddy according to receiving area luminous energy power, after image procossing, produce fingerprint image clearly, realize fingerprint recognition.
Consult Fig. 6, Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram of the second embodiment of the present invention, this embodiment and the first embodiment similar, difference is: grating 201 is positioned in the one side of optical waveguide 202 away from light source 203.
Consult Fig. 7, Fig. 7 is the schematic diagram of the third embodiment of the present invention.Have same widths grating for optical waveguide two sides to be below described, but should not limit the protection domain of this patent with this, the situation of two sides grating Length discrepancy also can realize.
All have identical grating 201 structure in optical waveguide away from near the both sides of light source, grating 201 cycle and angle of diffraction and duct thickness meet tan θ=L/d, and imageing sensor 204 is positioned at optical waveguide 202 both sides appropriate area staggered relatively.During work, the incident light that light source 203 sends arrives close grating 201 and diffraction formation detection light occurs, and on two faces of optical waveguide 202, form the periodic regions that can detect fingerprint, i.e. surveyed area, the light transmiting this close grating 201 arrives grating 201 far away and primary event diffraction formation detection light occurs again, form the surveyed area complemented each other with aforementioned surveyed area, thus realize all can detecting fingerprint in whole of optical waveguide 202, fingerprint image can be obtained after carrying out image procossing and splicing after relative imageing sensor 204 receives image, realize whole and all can carry out fingerprint recognition.
Consult Fig. 8, Fig. 8 is the planar structure schematic diagram of the fourth embodiment of the present invention, this embodiment and the first embodiment similar, difference is: grating 201 cycle and angle of diffraction and and the relation of duct thickness meet tan θ=L/2d, the detectable finger-print region that now one-sided grating 201 is formed realizes mutually supplementing, fingerprint recognition region can be carried out and cover whole, imageing sensor 204 putting position and the 3rd embodiment similar.Realize whole and all can carry out fingerprint recognition.
Consult Fig. 9, Fig. 9 is the planar structure schematic diagram of the fifth embodiment of the present invention, this embodiment and the 4th embodiment very similar, difference is: grating 201 is positioned at the opposing face of an embodiment and optical waveguide 202 one side away from light source.The detectable finger-print region that now one-sided grating 201 is formed realizes mutually supplementing, and can carry out fingerprint recognition region and cover whole, realize whole and all can carry out fingerprint recognition.
Consult plane and three-dimensional structure schematic diagram that Figure 10 (a) and Figure 10 (b) are the sixth embodiment of the present invention, this embodiment and the first embodiment similar, difference is:
Light source 203 is area source, is positioned at all regions below optical waveguide.Grating 201 be positioned at optical waveguide near light source side whole region.The light of light source will arrive grating 201 at whole and enter in optical waveguide 202 through coupling formation detection light.Surveyed area 205 is positioned at the whole region of optical waveguide away from the one side of light source 203, and detection light arrives surveyed area 205 and gathers again by imageing sensor 204 imaging after fingerprint, and realizing finger all can print in whole region.
Consulting Figure 11, is the planar structure schematic diagram of the seventh embodiment of the present invention, this embodiment and the 6th embodiment similar, difference is:
Grating 201 is positioned at the whole region of optical waveguide away from the one side of light source 203.During work, the light that area source sends arrives finger through grating 201 after vertically arriving optical waveguide 202, handle digital reflex and get back to grating 201, then after grating 201 is coupled, meet total reflection condition propagates in last arrival imageing sensor in optical waveguide 202, due to the ridge meeting reflection ray of fingerprint, paddy can absorb light, and thus arriving the identifiable design that in imageing sensor 204, light intensity is large is peak, and weak is identified as paddy (contrary with aforementioned image-forming principle) thus realizes fingerprint extraction and identification.And contact and the identification of non-contacting (being soared aloft on surveyed area by finger) finger print can be realized.
Consulting Figure 12, is the planar structure schematic diagram of the embodiment that the present invention and optical touch control panel combine.This embodiment and the first embodiment similar, difference is:
Imageing sensor 204 is discrete photosensor arrays that CMOS or ccd image sensor or volume are little, and is distributed in the corresponding both sides of whole both direction, is used for realizing opto-electronic conversion and obtains electric signal.The both direction in plane is there is in illustrated structure.
Consult Figure 13. be originally for the schematic top plan view of touch-control embodiment.
During work, the angle of diffraction that the light that light source 203 sends obtains wide-angle after grating 201 forms detection light, finger be positioned at optical waveguide 202 away from the face of light source side for touch-control, detection light destroys total reflection when arriving finger position and causes luminous energy to be overflowed, corresponding imageing sensor 204 is according to detecting that the more weak finger known of light intensity is on this line, the imageing sensor 204 in another direction is the same can obtain signal, the signal of the imageing sensor 204 of both direction is carried out to the position that can obtain pointing on the whole, realize touch-control.
Experiment shows, the present invention utilizes grating diffration, and the light of light source arrives finger print surveyed area after being formed after optical grating diffraction and detecting light, different on the impact detecting light from paddy according to the ridge of fingerprint, is transferred to imageing sensor, obtains fingerprint image clearly.Increase the effect of angle of diffraction through grating, effectively reduce the volume of fingerprint recognition system, achieve and determine region, periodic regions fingerprint collecting and whole fingerprint collecting and touch-control, realize the ultrathin of system, and significantly improve image quality, and with low cost.
Claims (8)
1. the light wave conduction fingerprint recognition system based on grating, it is characterized in that, comprise optical waveguide (202), be positioned at the outside light source (203) of this optical waveguide (202), lay respectively at a side of this optical waveguide (202) or the grating (201) relatively on two sides and imageing sensor (204); The light that described light source sends forms detection light after described optical grating diffraction, received by described imageing sensor (204) after being totally reflected in described optical waveguide (202), one side or the relative two sides of the optical waveguide (202) that described detection light arrives form multiple surveyed area (205), and this surveyed area (205) gathers finger print information by finger contact.
2. as claimed in claim 1 based on the light wave conduction fingerprint recognition system of grating, it is characterized in that, when the region that described surveyed area (205) any surface that is optical waveguide (202) is periodic distribution, then optical grating diffraction angle θ meets following formula:
tanθ≥L/2d
L≥m
In formula: L is the single area width that detection light arrives a side of optical waveguide, and m is surveyed area width, and d is the thickness of optical waveguide.When whole the region that described surveyed area (205) is optical waveguide (202) any surface, then one side grating diffraction angle meets following formula:
tanθ＝L/2d
L≥m
In formula: L is the single area width that detection light arrives a side of optical waveguide, and m is surveyed area width, and d is the thickness of optical waveguide; When whole the region on the two sides that described surveyed area (205) is optical waveguide (202), then two-sided grating diffraction angle meets following formula:
tanθ＝L/d
L≥m
In formula: L is the single area width that detection light arrives a side of optical waveguide, and m is surveyed area width, and d is the thickness of optical waveguide.
3. as claimed in claim 1 based on the light wave conduction fingerprint recognition system of grating, it is characterized in that, the width of described imageing sensor (204) at least equals the width of single surveyed area (205), described grating (201) width at least equals the width of single surveyed area (205), and it is inner or outside that described imageing sensor is positioned at optical waveguide (202).
4. as claimed in claim 1 based on the light wave conduction fingerprint recognition system of grating, it is characterized in that, described grating (201) direction is perpendicular to optical waveguide (202) or to favour optical waveguide (202) with detection optical propagation direction contrary direction.
5. as claimed in claim 1 based on the light wave conduction fingerprint recognition system of grating, it is characterized in that when described surveyed area (205) is for whole, imageing sensor (204) at least equals the width of detection faces and is placed in the one side of optical waveguide, or it is staggered relatively that the sensor that width, position correspond respectively to the search coverage that two gratings (201) are formed is positioned at optical waveguide (202) two sides, and two sides grating (201) overall width should at least equal detection faces width.
6. as claimed in claim 1 based on the light wave conduction fingerprint recognition system of grating, it is characterized in that described fingerprint recognition system is for realizing touch controllable function simultaneously, now described imageing sensor (204) is two-dimensional array, be arranged on two adjacent edges of optical waveguide, while realizing touch-control, realize fingerprint recognition.
7. as claimed in claim 6 based on the light wave conduction fingerprint recognition system of grating, it is characterized in that, be positioned at the grating of optical waveguide outside to be distributed in the subregion of optical waveguide side, or be distributed in the Zone Full of whole, or be distributed in the subregion on optical waveguide two sides.
8. the light wave conduction fingerprint recognition system based on grating as described in any one of claim 1 to 8, it is characterized in that described grating (201) is that metal grating is made up of transparent or opaque material, comprise individual layer or multiple layer metal, or at grating surface covering metal layer; Described grating (201) cycle meets and makes the image received aliasing not occur under certain lambda1-wavelength.
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