CN104745781A - Processing method for alloy - Google Patents
Processing method for alloy Download PDFInfo
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- CN104745781A CN104745781A CN201310733280.2A CN201310733280A CN104745781A CN 104745781 A CN104745781 A CN 104745781A CN 201310733280 A CN201310733280 A CN 201310733280A CN 104745781 A CN104745781 A CN 104745781A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a processing method for alloy. The method comprises the following steps: (1) heating a to-be-processed part of the alloy; (2) subjecting the heated to-be-processed part in the step (1) to machining or press working; and (3) cooling the to-be-processed part having been processed in the step (2); wherein a temperature reached after heating is in a range of the glass transition temperature of the alloy to the crystallization temperature of the alloy, a heating manner is contact friction heating of the to-be-processed part of the alloy, and the alloy is amorphous alloy or a mixture of the amorphous alloy and nanocrystalline alloy. With the processing method provided by the invention, damage to a processing tool can be avoided, the service life of a processing die and a cutter is prolonged, and processing cost for materials is reduced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of working method of alloy, more specifically, relate to the working method of the mixture of a kind of non-crystaline amorphous metal or non-crystaline amorphous metal and nanometer crystal alloy.
Background technology
Non-crystaline amorphous metal by since Late Cambrian, has been the focus of research from nineteen sixty always.The nineties in 20th century adopts multi-element alloyed method, reduces the critical cooling velocity of non-crystaline amorphous metal, achieves the preparation of block amorphous alloy, makes the engineer applied of such material become possibility.Non-crystaline amorphous metal has the structure of short range order, longrange disorder, makes it have high strength, high rigidity, high elastic limit, the excellent mechanical property such as to resistance to wear.Although the constructional feature that non-crystaline amorphous metal has provides excellent material for engineer applied, also significantly limit the reprocessing manufacture of such alloy material, comprise the cutting to this alloy material local, boring, punching press or punching etc.Such as generally take at present at normal temperatures with the processing means of plain metal processing non-crystaline amorphous metal time, the loss that there is process tool adds the loss in man-hour apparently higher than carrying out plain metal, the problem that work-ing life of process tool is short.Therefore, the processing working method of plain metal being directly applied to amorphous alloy material is inappropriate.Lack the significant obstacle that suitable working method has become amorphous alloy material large-scale application.
Although non-crystaline amorphous metal has excellent deformability in supercooling liquid phase region, also a lot of method shaping in supercooling liquid phase region has been disclosed, but because non-crystaline amorphous metal is a kind of metastable material, heat up improperly in the course of processing and lower the temperature and be easy to cause the crystallization behavior of material, be degrading the material property of non-crystaline amorphous metal widely.Meanwhile, the requirement controlling to heat up rapidly and lower the temperature also makes moulding process and the equipment complex of non-crystaline amorphous metal, is difficult to be applied in Practical Project.Having takes non-crystaline amorphous metal whole workpiece temperature control to be added to being improved to of non-crystaline amorphous metal working method, there is the defect of the performance of energy consumption material that is high, that easily cause amorphous alloy material crystallization and impact processing to obtain.
Therefore, in order to enable non-crystaline amorphous metal realize processing capable of being industrialized, need the working method being suitable for non-crystaline amorphous metal that a kind of energy consumption is low, cause amorphous alloy crystallization behavior little.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is the defect existed to overcome prior art processing non-crystaline amorphous metal, a kind of working method of alloy being provided, being mainly the mechanical workout for alloy or press working.
To achieve these goals, the invention provides a kind of working method of alloy, the method comprises: the position to be processed of (1) alloy is heated; (2) mechanical workout or press working are carried out to the position to be processed of heating in step (1); (3) working position after processing in step (2) is cooled; Wherein, the temperature that described heating reaches is the crystallization temperature of glass transition temp to described alloy of described alloy; The mode of described heating is carry out friction heating at the position to be processed of described alloy; Described alloy is non-crystaline amorphous metal or the mixture for non-crystaline amorphous metal and nanometer crystal alloy.
According to technique scheme of the present invention, when mechanical workout or press working are carried out to the mixture of non-crystaline amorphous metal or non-crystaline amorphous metal and nanometer crystal alloy, only carry out local heating at position to be processed, when temperature exceedes the glass transition temp of this alloy, the hardness of this alloy material will significantly reduce, be conducive to the processing of this alloy material, reduce prior art and at room temperature condition, amorphous alloy material is added to the damage due to the high strength of material and the characteristic of high rigidity, machining tool brought man-hour.Simultaneously, heating and temperature control is below the crystallization temperature of this alloy material, can reduce the phenomenon that alloy material produces crystallization, and only local heating is not only little on the form and dimensional precision impact of the Total Product obtained by this alloy, and the energy adding heat rejection is also lower.Adopt working method provided by the invention, when can avoid the mixture at room temperature processing non-crystaline amorphous metal or non-crystaline amorphous metal and nanometer crystal alloy, because of the damage that the material behavior of the high strength and high hardness of this material causes machining tool, extend processing mold and cutting-tool's used life, reduce the tooling cost of material.
Other features and advantages of the present invention are described in detail in embodiment part subsequently.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Accompanying drawing is used to provide a further understanding of the present invention, and forms a part for specification sheets, is used from explanation the present invention, but is not construed as limiting the invention with embodiment one below.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is the XRD spectra of the non-crystaline amorphous metal after the processing obtained according to the preferred embodiment for the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the XRD spectra of the mixture of non-crystaline amorphous metal and nanometer crystal alloy.
Embodiment
Below the specific embodiment of the present invention is described in detail.Should be understood that, embodiment described herein, only for instruction and explanation of the present invention, is not limited to the present invention.
The invention provides a kind of working method of alloy, the method comprises: the position to be processed of (1) alloy is heated; (2) mechanical workout or press working are carried out to the position to be processed of heating in step (1); (3) working position after processing in step (2) is cooled; Wherein, the temperature that described heating reaches is the crystallization temperature of glass transition temp to described alloy of described alloy; The mode of described heating is carry out friction heating at the position to be processed of described alloy; Described alloy is non-crystaline amorphous metal or the mixture for non-crystaline amorphous metal and nanometer crystal alloy.
According to the present invention, the temperature that described heating reaches is below the crystallization temperature of described alloy, such one side can avoid the non-crystaline amorphous metal that may cause during the crystallization temperature of the processing temperature because of non-crystaline amorphous metal higher than this non-crystaline amorphous metal to be easy to produce crystallization phenomenon, can avoid the affected problem of dimensional precision of the product processed on the other hand.
According to the present invention, carry out described heating and the intensity of the alloy at position to be processed and hardness can be made to reduce, thus can be conducive to using conventional processing equipment to process this alloy material, reduce difficulty of processing.As long as the temperature that described heating can reach can make the hardness of this alloy material reduce, as described in the temperature that reaches of heating be as described in alloy glass transition temp more than.
According to the present invention, in described working method, step (2) can be carried out through step (1) again by after the position to be processed heating of alloy.When carrying out mechanical workout, position to be processed can also be heated and synchronously carry out mechanical workout, carry out under being namely machined in the temperature that step (1) described heating reaches described in step (2), maintained the temperature of this mechanical workout by friction heating.Heat position to be processed and synchronously carry out the working method of mechanical workout, continuing to carry out under can ensureing to be machined in the temperature of maintenance, be suitable for deep hole processing or large-sized mechanical workout.
In the present invention, described press working can carry out hot pressing for adopting punching die.Described hot pressing shows the certain temperature of punching die to treat processing component again and carry out press working, concrete as punching.
In the present invention, described mechanical workout can carry out mechanical cutting, as turning, drilling, boring, planing, milling and grinding etc. for adopting machining tool.
According to the present invention, except containing except non-crystaline amorphous metal, also may can cause containing nanometer crystal alloy because of manufacturing condition in described alloy.The metallic element composition of described nanometer crystal alloy can form identical with the metallic element of non-crystaline amorphous metal.Under preferable case, when described alloy is the mixture of non-crystaline amorphous metal and nanometer crystal alloy, with the cumulative volume of described mixture for benchmark, the volume content of described nanometer crystal alloy is greater than 0 and is less than 10%.
According to the present invention, friction heating can be by use metallic friction material and the location contacts to be processed of alloy and relatively sliding realizes.As long as metallic friction material can make the spot temperature to be processed of alloy raise in the friction process at the position to be processed with alloy, and does not affect the material property at the position to be processed of alloy.Under preferable case, adopt the position to be processed of friction materials alloy to carry out described friction heating, described friction materials can be metallic friction material or non-metallic friction materials.General described friction materials has the fusing point higher than the crystallization temperature of described alloy, and such as described metallic friction material can be W
12cr
4v
5co
5; Described non-metallic material can be: aluminum oxide, silicon oxide, silicon carbide etc.
According to the present invention, the described metallic friction material of use can have certain roughness, heats and the material property not affecting the position to be processed of alloy as long as can realize friction.Under preferable case, the minute projections Ra of described friction materials can be 80-120.
According to the present invention, making the location contacts to be processed of metallic friction material and alloy and relatively sliding, can be that the position to be processed of metallic friction material and alloy is motion; Or can be the position to be processed of alloy be static, metallic friction material slides on the position to be processed of alloy.The slip of metallic friction material can be the straight reciprocating motion of surface of friction on the surface at the position to be processed of alloy of metallic friction material, or the surface of friction of metallic friction material is parallel to the surface rotation at the position to be processed of alloy.The position to be processed of preferred alloy is static, and the surface of friction of metallic friction material is parallel to the surface rotation at the position to be processed of alloy.In described friction heat-processed, described metallic friction material can to the position to be processed applied pressure of described alloy, such as can be realized by the amount of feed of the working position controlling metallic friction material alloy, can be Non-follow control or automatically control.
In the present invention, step (3) is needed to cool the working position machined.Can select the type of cooling according to the material behavior of non-crystaline amorphous metal, under preferable case, the mode of cooling described in step (3) is gas cooling, liquid medium cooling or naturally cooling.The alloy material of, better heat stability comparatively strong for amorphous formation ability, can adopt air cooling, even in atmosphere naturally cooling.The alloy material that, thermostability poor for amorphous formation ability is low can adopt liquid medium to cool, as water-cooled or oil cooling.
According to the present invention, under preferable case, the composition of described non-crystaline amorphous metal is expressed as Zr
acu
bal
cm
dr
ewherein M is selected from least one in Ni, Fe, Co, Mn, Cr, Ti, Hf, Ta and Nb, R is selected from least one in rare earth element, a, b, c, d and e are the atomic percent that each element is corresponding in described non-crystaline amorphous metal, be respectively: 40≤a≤70,15≤b≤35,5≤c≤15,5≤d≤15,0<e≤2.5.Such non-crystaline amorphous metal has low glass transformation temperature and large critical size, has the physical strength being greater than 1500MPa simultaneously, is more suitable for adopting the mode of friction heating to process.
According to the present invention, under preferable case, described non-crystaline amorphous metal is Zr
52cu
30al
10ni
7er
1, Zr
52cu
30al
10ni
7y
1and Zr
52.5cu
30al
10ni
7y
0.5in at least one.Use and be more suitable for processing with adopting the mode heated that rubs by the above-mentioned non-crystaline amorphous metal formed, better processing effect can be had.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the position to be processed of alloy is heated, the temperature that described heating reaches be described alloy crystallization temperature below and more than the glass transition temp of described alloy.Such as, non-crystaline amorphous metal Zr
52.5cu
30al
10ni
7y
0.5crystallization temperature be 500 DEG C, glass transition temp is 430 DEG C, heats the position to be processed of this non-crystaline amorphous metal, and heating the scope of temperature reached is 430-500 DEG C.Non-crystaline amorphous metal Zr
52cu
30al
10ni
7er
1crystallization temperature be 500 DEG C, glass transition temp is 430 DEG C, heats the position to be processed of this non-crystaline amorphous metal, and heating the scope of temperature reached is 430-500 DEG C.Non-crystaline amorphous metal Zr
52cu
30al
10ni
7y
1crystallization temperature be 500 DEG C, glass transition temp is 430 DEG C, heats the position to be processed of this non-crystaline amorphous metal, and heating the scope of temperature reached is 430-500 DEG C.
Below will be described the present invention by embodiment.
By X-ray diffraction (XRD) method in following examples, whether have nanocrystalline structure, and whether alloy working position is non-crystal structure if adopting XRD diffractometer (Rigaku D/Max2200PC) to analyze alloy.Analysis condition is: copper target, incident wavelength
, acceleration voltage 40kV, electric current 20mA, step-scan 10 °/minute, diffraction angle 2 θ be 20 ° to 80 °, obtain XRD spectra.
Embodiment 1
The present embodiment is for illustration of the working method of alloy of the present invention.
Be Zr by composition
52cu
30al
10ni
7er
1non-crystaline amorphous metal be prepared into the amorphous sheet material of 200mm × 200mm × 3mm.The glass transition temp of this non-crystaline amorphous metal is 430 DEG C, and crystallization temperature is 500 DEG C, and hardness is 500HV, and tensile strength is 1800MPa.
(1) amorphous sheet material is placed on machining tool, adopts VMC1580 vertical machining centre to process.First material is adopted to be W
12cr
4v
5co
5the to be processed position of metallic friction material to this non-crystaline amorphous metal carry out friction preheating.Metallic friction material makes the round metal bars of diameter 15mm, and the minute projections of metallic friction material is Ra100.Surface of friction is parallel with the surface at the position to be processed of non-crystaline amorphous metal, and surface of friction rotary rpm is the amount of feed of 4000rpm, Non-follow control metallic friction material.Friction heating makes the temperature at the position to be processed of this non-crystaline amorphous metal reach 440 DEG C.
(2) metallic friction material is replaced, adopt the 4 to be processed positions of sword high speed steel end mill (STK) to this non-crystaline amorphous metal of diameter 4mm to carry out machining pore-forming.
(3) working position machined is cooled.
The test tool life-span is 5000 hours.The working position completing the amorphous sheet material of processing does not have defect, and the shape and size of amorphous sheet material are complete.
Carry out XRD determining from the processing part sampling after processing, XRD spectra as shown in Figure 1.There is the diffraction peak of steamed bun peak type in spectrogram, illustrate that the working position after processing is still non-crystal structure, do not occur crystallization phenomenon.
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment is for illustration of the working method of alloy of the present invention.
Be Zr by composition
52cu
30al
10ni
7y
1non-crystaline amorphous metal be prepared into the amorphous sheet material of 200mm × 200mm × 3mm.The glass transition temp of this non-crystaline amorphous metal is 430 DEG C, and crystallization temperature is 500 DEG C, and hardness is 500HV, and tensile strength is 1800MPa.
(1) amorphous sheet material is placed on machining tool, adopts VMC1580 vertical machining centre to process.First material is adopted to be W
12cr
4v
5co
5the to be processed position of metallic friction material to this non-crystaline amorphous metal carry out friction preheating.Metallic friction material makes the round metal bars of diameter 15mm, and the minute projections of metallic friction material is Ra80.Surface of friction is parallel with the surface at the position to be processed of non-crystaline amorphous metal, and surface of friction rotary rpm is the amount of feed of 4000rpm, Non-follow control metallic friction material.Friction heating makes the temperature at the position to be processed of this non-crystaline amorphous metal reach 460 DEG C.
(2) metallic friction material is replaced, adopt the cylindrical piercing die of diameter 4mm can carry out punching processing to the position to be processed of this non-crystaline amorphous metal smoothly.
(3) working position machined is cooled.
The test piercing die life-span is 5000 hours.The working position completing the amorphous sheet material of processing does not have defect, and the shape and size of amorphous sheet material are complete.
With XRD, XRD determining is carried out to the working position after processing, obtain the XRD spectra curve same with Fig. 1, illustrate that the working position after processing is equally still non-crystal structure, do not occur crystallization phenomenon.
Embodiment 3
Be Zr by composition
52cu
30Al
10ni
7y
1non-crystaline amorphous metal be prepared into the amorphous sheet material of 200mm × 200mm × 3mm.The glass transition temp of this non-crystaline amorphous metal is 430 DEG C, and crystallization temperature is 500 DEG C, and hardness is 500HV, and tensile strength is 1800MPa.
(1) amorphous sheet material is placed on machining tool, adopts VMC1580 vertical machining centre to process.First material is adopted to be W
12cr
4v
5co
5the to be processed position of metallic friction material to this non-crystaline amorphous metal carry out friction preheating.Metallic friction material makes the round metal bars of diameter 15mm, and the minute projections of metallic friction material is Ra120.Surface of friction is parallel with the surface at the position to be processed of non-crystaline amorphous metal, and surface of friction rotary rpm is the amount of feed of 4000rpm, Non-follow control metallic friction material.Friction heating makes the temperature at the position to be processed of this non-crystaline amorphous metal reach 460 DEG C.
(2) apply the die-cut pressure of a 200MPa to round metal bars, punching processing can be realized smoothly.
(3) working position machined is cooled.
The processing life-span of test round metal bars is 5000 hours.The working position completing the amorphous sheet material of processing does not have defect, and the shape and size of amorphous sheet material are complete.
With XRD, XRD determining is carried out to the working position after processing, obtain the XRD spectra curve same with Fig. 1, illustrate that the working position after processing is equally still non-crystal structure, do not occur crystallization phenomenon.
Embodiment 4
The present embodiment is for illustration of the working method of alloy of the present invention.
Be Zr by composition
52.5cu
30al
10ni
7y
0.5non-crystaline amorphous metal be prepared into the amorphous sheet material of 200mm × 200mm × 3mm.The thermal treatment at 350 DEG C of this amorphous sheet material is obtained sheet alloy after 12 hours and carries out XRD determining, spectrogram as shown in Figure 2, the diffraction peak characterizing amorphous and nanocrystalline mixed structure is there is in spectrogram, illustrate that alloy is the mixture of non-crystaline amorphous metal and nanometer crystal alloy, observing by microsection the content obtaining nanometer crystal alloy in sheet alloy is 10 volume %.The glass transition temp of this alloy is 430 DEG C, and crystallization temperature is 500 DEG C, and hardness is 500HV, and tensile strength is 1800MPa.
(1) sheet alloy is placed on machining tool, adopts VMC1580 vertical machining centre to process.First material is adopted to be W
12cr
4v
5co
5the to be processed position of metallic friction material to this alloy carry out friction preheating.Metallic friction material makes the round metal bars of diameter 15mm, and the minute projections of metallic friction material is Ra100.Surface of friction is parallel with the surface at the position to be processed of alloy, and surface of friction rotary rpm is the amount of feed of 4000rpm, Non-follow control metallic friction material.Friction heating makes the temperature at the position to be processed of this alloy reach 450 DEG C.
(2) being replaced by metallic friction material, is that 4mm cylinder 4 sword high speed steel end mill (STK) carries out machining pore-forming with diameter.
(3) working position machined is cooled.
The life-span of test tool is 3000 hours.The working position completing the sheet alloy of processing does not have defect, and the shape and size of sheet alloy are complete.
Carry out XRD determining with XRD to the working position after processing, the structural state of working position does not change, and does not occur crystallization phenomenon.
Comparative example 1
Be Zr by composition
52.5cu
30al
10ni
7y
0.5non-crystaline amorphous metal be prepared into the amorphous sheet material of 200mm × 200mm × 3mm, be placed on machining tool, adopt VMC1580 vertical machining centre to process.
The 4 sword high speed steel end mill (STK) of direct employing diameter 4mm, carry out machining pore-forming to the position to be processed of this non-crystaline amorphous metal.
The test tool life-span is 10 hours.What working position appearance was serious collapses angle damage phenomenon.
Comparative example 2
Be Zr by composition
52cu
30al
10ni
7y
1non-crystaline amorphous metal be prepared into the amorphous sheet material of 200mm × 200mm × 3mm.The glass transition temp of this non-crystaline amorphous metal is 430 DEG C, and crystallization temperature is 500 DEG C, and hardness is 500HV, and tensile strength is 1800MPa.
The to be processed position of cylindrical piercing die to this non-crystaline amorphous metal of diameter 4mm is adopted to carry out punching processing.
The test punching die life-span is 10 hours.There is significantly wearing and tearing and damage in the working position completing the amorphous sheet material of processing.
As can be seen from the result of above-described embodiment and comparative example, for the processing of non-crystaline amorphous metal, directly adopt conventional normal temperature processing technology, due to high strength and the hardness of alloy, processing and manufacturing difficulty, damage cutter and working position.And adopt working method provided by the invention can improve the life-span of process tool and mould in the alloy course of processing significantly, greatly reduce the difficulty of processing.Adopt method provided by the invention that alloy can be made to be easy to mass production.
Claims (9)
1. a working method for alloy, the method comprises:
(1) position to be processed of alloy is heated;
(2) mechanical workout or press working are carried out to the position to be processed of heating in step (1);
(3) working position after processing in step (2) is cooled;
Wherein, the temperature that described heating reaches is the crystallization temperature of glass transition temp to described alloy of described alloy; The mode of described heating is carry out friction heating at the position to be processed of described alloy; Described alloy is non-crystaline amorphous metal or the mixture for non-crystaline amorphous metal and nanometer crystal alloy.
2. working method according to claim 1, wherein, carries out under being machined in the temperature that step (1) described heating reaches described in step (2), is maintained the temperature of this mechanical workout by friction heating.
3. working method according to claim 1, wherein, when described alloy is the mixture of non-crystaline amorphous metal and nanometer crystal alloy, with the cumulative volume of described mixture for benchmark, the volume content of described nanometer crystal alloy is greater than 0 and is less than 10%.
4. working method according to claim 1, wherein, the composition of described non-crystaline amorphous metal is expressed as Zr
acu
bal
cm
dr
ewherein M is selected from least one in Ni, Fe, Co, Mn, Cr, Ti, Hf, Ta and Nb, R is selected from least one in rare earth element, a, b, c, d and e are the atomic percent that each element is corresponding in described non-crystaline amorphous metal, be respectively: 40≤a≤70,15≤b≤35,5≤c≤15,5≤d≤15,0<e≤2.5.
5. working method according to claim 1, wherein, described press working carries out hot pressing for adopting punching die.
6. working method according to claim 1, wherein, described mechanical workout carries out mechanical cutting for adopting machining tool.
7. working method according to claim 1, wherein, the mode of cooling described in step (3) is gas cooling, liquid medium cooling or naturally cooling.
8. working method according to claim 1 and 2, wherein, adopt the position to be processed of friction materials alloy to carry out described friction heating, described friction materials is metallic friction material or non-metallic friction materials.
9. working method according to claim 8, wherein, the minute projections Ra of described friction materials is 80-120.
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Cited By (7)
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CN106956107A (en) * | 2017-05-08 | 2017-07-18 | 宁波金凤焊割机械制造有限公司 | The machining process of metalwork |
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CN109605059A (en) * | 2018-12-07 | 2019-04-12 | 广东工业大学 | A kind of efficient cryogenic processing method of amorphous alloy |
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CN110026750A (en) * | 2019-06-04 | 2019-07-19 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | A kind of processing method of amorphous alloy component |
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2013
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN106903287A (en) * | 2017-02-24 | 2017-06-30 | 东莞帕姆蒂昊宇液态金属有限公司 | A kind of stress-induced thermoplastic formation process under glass transition temperature |
CN106956107A (en) * | 2017-05-08 | 2017-07-18 | 宁波金凤焊割机械制造有限公司 | The machining process of metalwork |
CN107789672A (en) * | 2017-11-14 | 2018-03-13 | 广东工业大学 | A kind of an ultra sharp scalpel |
CN107931974A (en) * | 2017-11-14 | 2018-04-20 | 广东工业大学 | A kind of high-efficiency machining method of non-crystaline amorphous metal |
CN107931974B (en) * | 2017-11-14 | 2020-09-15 | 广东工业大学 | Efficient processing method of amorphous alloy |
CN109605059A (en) * | 2018-12-07 | 2019-04-12 | 广东工业大学 | A kind of efficient cryogenic processing method of amorphous alloy |
CN109794730A (en) * | 2018-12-07 | 2019-05-24 | 广东工业大学 | A kind of high-performance processing method of alloy |
CN110026750A (en) * | 2019-06-04 | 2019-07-19 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | A kind of processing method of amorphous alloy component |
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