CN104736268A - 用于生产涡轮机叶轮的方法 - Google Patents

用于生产涡轮机叶轮的方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104736268A
CN104736268A CN201380054845.2A CN201380054845A CN104736268A CN 104736268 A CN104736268 A CN 104736268A CN 201380054845 A CN201380054845 A CN 201380054845A CN 104736268 A CN104736268 A CN 104736268A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
turbine wheel
expecting
hip
producing
base substrate
Prior art date
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Pending
Application number
CN201380054845.2A
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English (en)
Inventor
F·舍雷尔
M·罗德尔
G·沙尔
J·斯太尔彼得斯基
M·洛温伯格
S·艾辛格
A·艾迪拉维客
D·库斯
C·屈代尔
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BorgWarner Inc
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BorgWarner Inc
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Publication date
Application filed by BorgWarner Inc filed Critical BorgWarner Inc
Publication of CN104736268A publication Critical patent/CN104736268A/zh
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
    • B23P15/006—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass turbine wheels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
    • B21K1/00—Making machine elements
    • B21K1/28—Making machine elements wheels; discs
    • B21K1/36—Making machine elements wheels; discs with blades
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D21/00—Casting non-ferrous metals or metallic compounds so far as their metallurgical properties are of importance for the casting procedure; Selection of compositions therefor
    • B22D21/02—Casting exceedingly oxidisable non-ferrous metals, e.g. in inert atmosphere
    • B22D21/022—Casting heavy metals, with exceedingly high melting points, i.e. more than 1600 degrees C, e.g. W 3380 degrees C, Ta 3000 degrees C, Mo 2620 degrees C, Zr 1860 degrees C, Cr 1765 degrees C, V 1715 degrees C
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D25/00—Special casting characterised by the nature of the product
    • B22D25/02—Special casting characterised by the nature of the product by its peculiarity of shape; of works of art
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C14/00—Alloys based on titanium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/02—Blade-carrying members, e.g. rotors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/34—Rotor-blade aggregates of unitary construction, e.g. formed of sheet laminae
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D7/00—Casting ingots, e.g. from ferrous metals
    • B22D7/06—Ingot moulds or their manufacture
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2230/00—Manufacture
    • F05D2230/20—Manufacture essentially without removing material
    • F05D2230/22—Manufacture essentially without removing material by sintering
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2230/00—Manufacture
    • F05D2230/20—Manufacture essentially without removing material
    • F05D2230/25—Manufacture essentially without removing material by forging
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2230/00—Manufacture
    • F05D2230/40—Heat treatment
    • F05D2230/42—Heat treatment by hot isostatic pressing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49316—Impeller making

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)
  • Supercharger (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于生产涡轮机叶轮(10)的方法，该方法包括以下加工步骤：铸造一个条形的初始料体(3)；以热等静压制过程(HIP过程)处理该初始料体(3)；将经过HIP处理的初始料体(3)分成多个初始成形的零件(4至8)；从这些初始成形的零件(4至8)中每一个零件锻造出一个坯体(9)；并且从该坯体(9)产生、特别是碾磨出一个涡轮机叶轮(10)。

Description

用于生产涡轮机叶轮的方法
本发明涉及一种用于生产如权利要求1中所述涡轮机叶轮的方法。
已知的是通过铸造来生产涡轮机叶轮。然而，在此种类型的铸造部件情况下，不能排除在铸造过程中形成缺陷。如果此类部件在运行过程中经受强烈的温度变化，例如在排气涡轮增压器中，会在这些缺陷处产生应力峰值。在易碎材料的情况下，这些应力峰值会导致致使部件失效的危险状态。在铸造的涡轮机叶轮的情况下，形成孔洞是已知的结果。如果钛铝(titanium aluminide)被用作涡轮机叶轮的基底材料，则使用了一种非常脆性的材料。在此，有必要彻底避免缺陷-主要是孔洞和孔隙。
因此，本发明的一个目的是提供一种用于生产无缺陷的、特别是无孔洞的涡轮机叶轮的方法。
这一目的是通过权利要求1的特征来实现的。根据本发明，该涡轮机叶轮在原材料铸造后经受HIP过程，其结果是可以除去大多数的孔洞。HIP过程应被理解成指的是热等静力压制，在这个过程中材料经受高温下的压制操作。如果在HIP过程后缺陷依然存在，它们会在随后的锻造步骤或锻造过程中被除去掉。通过高温和锻造过程中力所引起的变形，就彻底除去了缺陷。因此，这种“HIP-锻造”组合使得有可能消除最后的缺陷并且因此大大提高优选由钛铝构成的涡轮机叶轮的使用寿命。
这些从属权利要求包含本发明的多个有利发展。
将参考附图的唯一图示在下文中对根据本发明的用于生产优选用于排气涡轮增压器中的涡轮机叶轮的方法进行更详细的说明。
因此，在第一加工步骤VS1中，一种合适的合金材料1(特别是钛铝)被熔化。在加工步骤VS2中，一个原材料坯体2(在图中可见)被熔化，从而产生多个条状初始料体，例如在图中的实例中，15个条体。
在步骤VS3中，这些初始料体3中的每个料体3或这些条体中的每个条体都经受HIP处理，借助于该处理，可能存在的多种缺陷，特别是孔洞就可以是已经被消除的。
在加工步骤VS4中，这些如此处理过的初始料体或条体3被分开，例如切割开，以便根据条体3的长度来形成多个独立的零件，在实例中形成了五个独立零件4到8。
在加工步骤VS5中，可以从这些独立的零件4-8中各自锻造出一个坯体9，其中，在这个锻造操作中，可以在最大可能的程度上消除依然存在的孔洞或缺陷。
在加工步骤VS6中，通过机加工、特别是通过碾磨操作而为该坯体9赋予了涡轮机叶轮10的最终形状。
除了本发明的以上书面披露，在此明确参考了附图以对所述书面披露进行补充。
参考符号清单
1 合金材料
2 初始料体/坯体
3 初始料体/条体
4至8 独立零件/初始成形零件
9 锻造过的坯体
10 完成的涡轮机叶轮

Claims (3)

1.一种用于生产涡轮机叶轮(10)的方法，该方法包括以下加工步骤：
-铸造一个条形的初始料体(3)；
-以热等静压制过程(HIP过程)处理该初始料体(3)；
-将经过HIP处理的初始料体(3)分成多个初始成形的零件(4至8)；
-从这些初始成形的零件(4至8)中的每个零件锻造出一个坯体(9)；并且
-从该坯体(9)中制造、特别是碾磨出一个涡轮机叶轮(10)。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，该初始料体(3)是通过一个机加工操作，特别是锯、水射流切割来分开的。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，该初始料体(3)是由钛铝制成的。
CN201380054845.2A 2012-11-02 2013-10-22 用于生产涡轮机叶轮的方法 Pending CN104736268A (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102012021580.0 2012-11-02
DE102012021580 2012-11-02
PCT/US2013/066022 WO2014070510A1 (en) 2012-11-02 2013-10-22 Process for producing a turbine wheel

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN104736268A true CN104736268A (zh) 2015-06-24

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US (1) US20150283656A1 (zh)
JP (1) JP2015537147A (zh)
CN (1) CN104736268A (zh)
WO (1) WO2014070510A1 (zh)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP7124652B2 (ja) * 2018-11-13 2022-08-24 株式会社豊田自動織機 ＴｉＡｌ合金製翼車の製造方法

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA1156562A (en) * 1980-06-23 1983-11-08 George S. Hoppin, Iii Dual alloy turbine wheels
US4769087A (en) * 1986-06-02 1988-09-06 United Technologies Corporation Nickel base superalloy articles and method for making
US5442847A (en) * 1994-05-31 1995-08-22 Rockwell International Corporation Method for thermomechanical processing of ingot metallurgy near gamma titanium aluminides to refine grain size and optimize mechanical properties
US6609286B2 (en) * 2000-05-10 2003-08-26 Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Process for manufacturing a part of a metal matrix composite material
JP4107830B2 (ja) * 2001-11-05 2008-06-25 三菱重工業株式会社 ＴｉＡｌ金属間化合物基合金、及び鋳造部品の製造方法
US6754954B1 (en) * 2003-07-08 2004-06-29 Borgwarner Inc. Process for manufacturing forged titanium compressor wheel
EP1717414A1 (de) * 2005-04-27 2006-11-02 ABB Turbo Systems AG Turbinenrad
JP2007056340A (ja) * 2005-08-25 2007-03-08 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd 耐熱性ＴｉＡｌ基合金部材の製造方法及び耐熱性ＴｉＡｌ基合金部材

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US20150283656A1 (en) 2015-10-08
WO2014070510A1 (en) 2014-05-08

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Application publication date: 20150624