CN104730066A - Near-field plume mass-spectroscopic diagnostic E*B probe based on Faraday cup - Google Patents

Near-field plume mass-spectroscopic diagnostic E*B probe based on Faraday cup Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104730066A
CN104730066A CN201510166343.XA CN201510166343A CN104730066A CN 104730066 A CN104730066 A CN 104730066A CN 201510166343 A CN201510166343 A CN 201510166343A CN 104730066 A CN104730066 A CN 104730066A
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faraday cylinder
probe
plume
drift tube
battery lead
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吴亚雄
何青松
王海兴
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Beihang University
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Beihang University
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Abstract

The invention discloses a near-field plume mass-spectroscopic diagnostic E*B probe based on the Faraday cup and belongs to the technical field of plasma mass-spectroscopic diagnosis. The probe mainly applied to measuring near-field plumes of an ion thruster and of a Hall thruster comprises a central frame, ferrite permanent magnets, a flat electrode plate, an electrode plate holder, a collimator tube, a drift tube, a Faraday cup, six carbon steel shells and an anti-sputtering heat-insulating layer. According to the connectional relation, the central frame is used as a core part, the ferrite permanent magnets are distributed on upper and lower surfaces of the central frame, the electrode plate is fixed in the central frame, and an orthogonal electromagnetic field area is formed. The six carbon steel shells are used for packaging, and the front ends of the shells are coated with an anti-sputtering heat-insulating layer. The collimator tube of stainless steel and the drift tube are fitly fixed to the centers of two ends of the central frame through shaft holes. Ions different in valence are screened by adjusting voltage among the electrode plates, univalent and bivalent ion currents are acquired with the Faraday cup of aluminum, and the ratio of near-field plum bivalent ions is acquired by analytical computing.

Description

A kind of near field plume ms diagnosis E × B probe based on Faraday cylinder
Technical field
The invention belongs to plasma mass diagnostic techniques field, specifically, refer to and a kind ofly utilize Wien velocity filter principle to be separated different charge number ion and use Faraday cylinder to carry out the mass spectrometer of gas current collection, be mainly used in measuring divalent ion ratio in ion thruster and hall thruster near field plume in electric propulsion research.
Background technology
Electric propulsion utilizes electric energy to heat or ionization propellant acceleration working medium, makes it form high-speed jet ejection and produce a kind of propulsion mode of thrust.The maximum feature of electric propulsion is low thrust, high specific impulse, efficiency is high and the life-span is long, has broad application prospects in the orbits controlling, the space tasks such as survey of deep space and interplanetary flight of Large Spacecraft.
Ion thruster and hall thruster are that current spacecraft uses propulsion system more widely, are that spacecraft realizes the necessary core components of function such as position maintenance, gesture stability and Orbit Transformation.It has than leaping high, the life-span is long, can the little and control accuracy advantages of higher of repeated priming, thrust, the north-south position maintenance, the drag compensation of low-orbit satellite, the Orbit Transformation of spacecraft and the interstellar probe that are mainly geosynchronous satellite provide power.
, there is a certain proportion of divalent ion in the ion mainly monovalent ion in ion thruster and hall thruster plume plasma simultaneously.Because the accelerating potential of experience is identical, bivalent ions energy is the twice of monovalent ion, and this energetic ion is comparatively large to spacecraft harm, reduces the thrust of thruster, efficiency and life-span to a certain extent, and the sputtering that simultaneously can aggravate spacecraft surface is polluted.Therefore, the measurement carrying out plume divalent ion ratio in ion thruster and hall thruster systematic study has great importance.E × B probe measures plasma different-energy, one of quality or the electro-ionic effective means of valency, and its measuring principle is simple, and resolution is high.Also there is no the special E × B probe measured for ion thruster and hall thruster near field plume divalent ion at present.
Summary of the invention
For the problems referred to above, in the present invention, provide a kind of E × B probe adopting the method for ms diagnosis to measure ion thruster and hall thruster near field plume, measure the divalent ion ratio obtaining thruster near field plume.
E × B probe body is cube structure, and front end face is provided with column collimator, and rear end face is provided with drift tube and gatherer, is placed in thruster near field plume for collecting different charge number ion.
Described E × B probe comprises: centre frame, ferrite permanent magnet, plate electrode plate, battery lead plate holder, collimator, drift tube, Faraday cylinder, carbon steel shell and Anti-splash thermofin.Concrete annexation is: take centre frame as primary structure body, and ferrite permanent magnet is centering frame upper and lower surface respectively, and battery lead plate uses teflon holder to be fixed on centre frame inside, and probe uses six pieces of carbon steel shells to encapsulate.Stainless steel collimator and drift tube are fixed on center, centre frame two ends respectively by shaft hole matching.Collimator is divided into A, B two sections, adopts wringing fit socket, and fixes with ring flange.Drift tube and collimator similar, be divided into drift tube entrance and drift tube main body, and same wringing fit and the ring flange connected mode of adopting is carried out being connected fastening, and drift tube main body and gatherer protection sleeve overall processing are formed.Probe gatherer uses aluminum Faraday cylinder to carry out signal collection, and Faraday cylinder overcoat has teflon insulation sleeve, bottom Faraday cylinder, be connected with threaded rod, for fixing Faraday cylinder and connection signal line.Probe housing front end adopts Anti-splash thermofin coated, and fixes with bolt.
Described centre frame is probe primary structure body, adopts aluminium block integrally to process, and for fixing ferrite permanent magnet, fixed plate electrode, fixing collimator and drift tube, fixed carbon steel sheel, battery lead plate supply lines is drawn from frame end portion, center aperture.Centre frame two ends have 10mm through hole, have higher right alignment.
Described magnetic field adopts two blocks of 150mm*100mm*25mm ferrite permanent magnets to be formed, and opposite pole is relative, and magnet spacing is 40mm.Collimator outlet is stretched in magnetic field with drift tube entrance, and apart from magnet edges 8mm, effective E × B field length is 134mm.
Described battery lead plate adopts two pieces of 134mm*36mm*6mm aluminum plate electrode compositions, battery lead plate opposite planar surfaces is smooth, reverse side is provided with binding post and installs threaded hole and battery lead plate retaining thread hole, and two ends use teflon holder to fix, and form II font structure.Apply 0 ~ 600V voltage between two battery lead plates, spacing is 20mm, and battery lead plate is connected with 1M Ω resistance outward respectively, and middle ground is to ensure that between battery lead plate, axis place electromotive force is for zero, and battery lead plate electromotive force equal and opposite in direction, on the contrary positive and negative.
By ionic charge number (z) and the battery lead plate voltage difference (V of electromagnetic field p) relational expression is:
V p = dB 2 zeV / m
Wherein d is battery lead plate spacing, and B is magnetic field intensity, and e is the unit quantity of electric charge, and V is ion accelerating voltage, and m is mass of ion.
Described probe housing is made up of six pieces of carbon steel sheet, and carbon steel sheet center, front and back end has 22mm through hole, and upper and lower carbon steel sheet is thicker is 8mm, and all the other are 5mm.Upper and lower carbon steel sheet long side face has 3 M4 threaded holes, for conveniently assemble and disassemble carbon steel sheet and fixing Anti-splash thermofin.
Described collimator adopts stainless steel to make, and be divided into A, B two sections, overall length 67mm, entrance and outlet aperture are 2mm, and A, B section adopts wringing fit socket, and is respectively arranged with the ring flange that external diameter is 22mm in junction, for fixing collimator.Collimator and centre frame adopt axis hole tight fit connection.
Described drift tube adopts stainless steel to make, and is divided into drift tube entrance and drift tube main body, and employing shaft hole matching and ring flange connected mode are carried out being connected fastening, overall length 55mm, and drift tube entrance hole diameter is 3mm; Drift tube main body and gatherer protection sleeve overall processing are formed, and drift tube outlet aperture is 6mm, and protection sleeve internal diameter is 22mm.
Described probe gatherer uses aluminum Faraday cylinder to carry out signal collection, and Faraday cylinder internal diameter is 6mm, and Faraday cylinder overcoat has teflon insulation sleeve, is connected with the long threaded rod of 15mm bottom Faraday cylinder, for fixing Faraday cylinder and connection signal line.
Described Anti-splash thermofin adopts soft graphite cloth material, and fixes coated probe housing front end with bolt.
It is 0 ~ 2000V near field plume ms diagnosis that probe provided by the invention is suitable for ion accelerating voltage.
A kind of near field plume ms diagnosis E × B probe face method based on Faraday cylinder is:
1) ion thruster or hall thruster jet plasma, forms plume;
2) scanning power supply provides the scanning voltage of 0 ~ 600V, and between battery lead plate, the equally distributed electric field of formation and modification, forms evenly orthogonal electromagnetic field with the permanent magnet that vertical direction distributes;
3) plume ion enters probe E × B place by collimator, and the ion with specific speed enters drift tube by E × B place under evenly orthogonal electromagnetic field effect, finally arrives in Faraday cylinder;
4) the plume ion that screens through electromagnetism place of Faraday cylinder acquisition surface, forms gas current;
5) Anti-splash thermofin available protecting probe front face is directly bombarded from plume ion and sputtering and heat deposition is occurred;
6) gas current of Faraday cylinder collection is obtained by Pi Anbiao measurement;
7) voltage signal that the current signal collected of Pi Anbiao and scanning power supply export is gathered by data collecting instrument, thus obtains the I-V curve with scanning voltage change, obtains divalent ion ratio by analytical calculation.
The invention has the advantages that:
(1) E × B probe provided by the invention adopts with centre frame is that probe main structural components constructs, and effectively ensure that the orthogonality of axially higher collimation and electromagnetic field, structure is simply easy to installing/dismounting.
(2) E × B probe provided by the invention adopts two relative ferrite permanent magnets plate electrode relative to two jointly to produce even electromagnetic field orthogonal by force, and it is longer that effective length is screened to ion in electromagnetic field, uniform electromagnetic field and orthogonality better.
(3) E × B probe provided by the invention adopts electric scanning method, and be beneficial to express-analysis, Operation and Maintenance is easier.
(4) E × B probe provided by the invention adopts carbon steel shell to encapsulate probe, effective enhancing magnetic field intensity and uniform electromagnetic field, the edge effect of effective reduction electromagnetic field, and reduce inner highfield and magnetic field dramatically to the impact of outside plume.
(5) E × B probe provided by the invention adopts Anti-splash thermofin to carry out coated to probe, and available protecting probe front face is directly bombarded from plume ion and sputtering and heat deposition are occurred.
(6) E × B probe provided by the invention is applicable to wider ion accelerating voltage scope, and Measurement Resolution is higher.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is a kind of near field plume ms diagnosis E × B probe profile position schematic diagram based on Faraday cylinder;
Fig. 2 is a kind of near field plume ms diagnosis E × B probe section B-B schematic diagram based on Faraday cylinder;
Fig. 3 is a kind of near field plume ms diagnosis E × B probe section C-C schematic diagram based on Faraday cylinder;
Fig. 4 is a kind of near field plume ms diagnosis E × B probe three-dimensional assembling schematic diagram based on Faraday cylinder;
Fig. 5 is a kind of near field plume ms diagnosis E × B probe test circuit diagram based on Faraday cylinder;
In figure:
1-E × B probe; 201-collimator A section; 202-collimator B section; 203-centre frame; Carbon steel sheet before 204-; 205-side carbon steel sheet; 206-insulate holder; 207-collimator entrance; 208-drift tube and sleeve; 209-Faraday cylinder; 210-insulation sleeve; 211-socket cover; 212-M4 stud; 213-M4 nut; 214-M3 screw; Carbon steel sheet after 215-; 216-battery lead plate; 217-binding post; 218-M4 bolt; 219-M4 screw; The upper and lower carbon steel sheet of 301-; 302-ferrite permanent magnet; 502-resistance; 503-scanning power supply; 504-data collecting instrument; 505-Pi Anbiao.
Embodiment
Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
The present invention is a kind of near field plume ms diagnosis E × B probe based on Faraday cylinder, as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 4, E × B probe 1 main body is cube structure, front end face is provided with column collimator 201/202, rear end face is provided with drift tube 207/208 and Faraday cylinder gatherer 209, is placed in thruster near field plume for collecting monovalent ion and divalent ion.
Described E × B probe comprises: centre frame 203, ferrite permanent magnet 302, plate electrode plate 216, battery lead plate holder 206, collimator 201/202, drift tube 207/208, Faraday cylinder 209, carbon steel shell 204/205/215/301, Anti-splash thermofin 401.
Concrete annexation is: with centre frame 203 for primary structure body, two pieces of ferrite permanent magnet 302 opposite poles are relative, centering frame 203 upper and lower surface respectively, it is inner that battery lead plate 216 uses teflon holder 206 to be fixed on centre frame 203, and probe uses six pieces of carbon steel shells 204/205/215/301 to encapsulate.Center, centre frame 203 two ends has through hole, has higher right alignment.Stainless steel collimator 201/202 and drift tube 207/208 are fixed on center, centre frame 203 two ends respectively by shaft hole matching.Collimator is divided into A section 201 and B section 202, adopts wringing fit socket, and fixes with ring flange.Drift tube 207/208 and collimator 201/202 similar; be divided into drift tube entrance 207 and drift tube main body 208; same employing wringing fit and ring flange connected mode are carried out being connected fastening, and drift tube main body 208 and gatherer protection sleeve 208 overall processing are formed.Collimator outlet is stretched in magnetic field with drift tube entrance, and apart from magnet edges 8mm, effective E × B field length is 134mm.Probe gatherer uses aluminum Faraday cylinder 209 to carry out signal collection, Faraday cylinder 209 overcoat has teflon insulation sleeve 210, threaded rod 212 is connected with bottom Faraday cylinder, use a M4 nut 213 to be strained and fixed Faraday cylinder, use another one M4 nut 213 to connect and compress signal wire.Probe housing front end adopts Anti-splash thermofin 401 coated, and fixes with M4 bolt 218.
Described battery lead plate 216 adopts two pieces of aluminum plate electrode compositions, and battery lead plate opposite planar surfaces is smooth, and reverse side is provided with binding post and installs threaded hole and battery lead plate retaining thread hole, and two ends use teflon holder 206 to fix, and form II font structure.Binding post 217 is utilized to be fixed supply lines, scanning power supply 503 is used to apply 0 ~ 600V scanning voltage between two battery lead plates, spacing is 20mm, battery lead plate is connected with 1M Ω resistance 502 outward respectively, middle ground is to ensure that between battery lead plate, axis place electromotive force is for zero, and battery lead plate electromotive force equal and opposite in direction, on the contrary positive and negative.
By ionic charge number (z) and the battery lead plate voltage difference (V of electromagnetic field p) relational expression is:
V p = dB 2 zeV / m
Wherein d is battery lead plate spacing, and B is magnetic field intensity, and e is the unit quantity of electric charge, and V is ion accelerating voltage, and m is mass of ion.
Described probe housing is made up of six pieces of carbon steel sheet, and front and back end carbon steel sheet 204/215 center has 22mm through hole, and upper and lower carbon steel sheet 301 is thicker is 8mm, and all the other are 5mm.Upper and lower carbon steel sheet 301 long side face has 3 M4 threaded holes, for conveniently assemble and disassemble carbon steel sheet and fixing Anti-splash thermofin 401.
Described probe uses aluminum Faraday cylinder 209 to carry out signal collection, the current signal collected is recorded by skin peace table 505, and being exported to data collecting instrument 504, scanning power supply 503 voltage signal exports data collecting instrument 504 to simultaneously, can obtain actual measurement I-V curve.
A kind of near field plume ms diagnosis E × B probe face method based on Faraday cylinder is:
1) ion thruster or hall thruster jet plasma, forms plume;
2) scanning power supply 503 provides the scanning voltage of 0 ~ 600V, at the equally distributed electric field of battery lead plate 216 formation and modifications, forms evenly orthogonal electromagnetic field with the ferrite permanent magnet 302 that vertical direction distributes;
3) plume ion enters probe E × B place by collimator 201/202, and the ion with specific speed enters drift tube 207/208 by E × B place under evenly orthogonal electromagnetic field effect, finally arrives in Faraday cylinder 209;
4) the plume ion that screens through electromagnetism place of Faraday cylinder 209 acquisition surface, forms gas current;
5) Anti-splash thermofin 401 available protecting probe front face is directly bombarded from plume ion and sputtering and heat deposition is occurred;
6) gas current that Faraday cylinder 209 gathers is measured by skin peace table 505 and is obtained;
7) voltage signal that the current signal collected of skin peace table 505 and scanning power supply 503 export is gathered by data collecting instrument 504, thus obtains the I-V curve with scanning voltage change, obtains divalent ion ratio by calculating.

Claims (10)

1., based near field plume ms diagnosis E × B probe of Faraday cylinder, it is characterized in that: comprise centre frame, ferrite permanent magnet, plate electrode plate, battery lead plate holder, collimator, drift tube, Faraday cylinder, carbon steel shell and Anti-splash thermofin.Annexation is: take centre frame as primary structure body, and ferrite permanent magnet is centering frame upper and lower surface respectively, and battery lead plate uses teflon holder to be fixed on centre frame inside, and probe uses six pieces of carbon steel shells to encapsulate.Stainless steel collimator and drift tube are fixed on center, centre frame two ends respectively by shaft hole matching.Collimator is divided into A, B two sections, adopts wringing fit socket, and fixes with ring flange.Drift tube and collimator similar, be divided into drift tube entrance and drift tube main body, and same wringing fit and the ring flange connected mode of adopting is carried out being connected fastening, and drift tube main body and gatherer protection sleeve overall processing are formed.Probe gatherer uses aluminum Faraday cylinder to carry out signal collection, and Faraday cylinder overcoat has teflon insulation sleeve, bottom Faraday cylinder, be connected with threaded rod, for fixing Faraday cylinder and connection signal line.Probe housing front end adopts Anti-splash thermofin coated, and fixes with bolt.
2. the near field plume ms diagnosis E × B probe based on Faraday cylinder according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: centre frame is probe primary structure body, aluminium block is adopted integrally to process, for fixing ferrite permanent magnet, fixed plate electrode, fixing collimator and drift tube, fixed carbon steel sheel, battery lead plate supply lines is drawn from frame end portion, center aperture.Centre frame two ends have 10mm through hole, have higher right alignment.
3. the near field plume ms diagnosis E × B probe based on Faraday cylinder according to claim 1, is characterized in that: magnet adopts two blocks of 150mm*100mm*25mm ferrite permanent magnets to form, and opposite pole is relative, and magnet spacing is 40mm.
4. the near field plume ms diagnosis E × B probe based on Faraday cylinder according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: battery lead plate adopts two pieces of 134mm*36mm*6mm aluminum plate electrode compositions, battery lead plate opposite planar surfaces is smooth, reverse side is provided with binding post and installs threaded hole and battery lead plate retaining thread hole, two ends use teflon holder to fix, and form II font structure.Apply 0 ~ 600V voltage between two battery lead plates, spacing is 20mm, and battery lead plate is connected with 1M Ω resistance outward respectively, and middle ground is to ensure that between battery lead plate, axis place electromotive force is for zero, and battery lead plate electromotive force equal and opposite in direction, on the contrary positive and negative.
By ionic charge number (z) and the battery lead plate voltage difference (V of electromagnetic field p) relational expression is:
V p = dB 2 zeV / m
Wherein d is battery lead plate spacing, and B is magnetic field intensity, and e is the unit quantity of electric charge, and V is ion accelerating voltage, and m is mass of ion.
5. the near field plume ms diagnosis E × B probe based on Faraday cylinder according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: probe uses six pieces of carbon steel sheet to encapsulate, and carbon steel sheet center, front and back end has 22mm through hole, upper and lower carbon steel sheet is thicker is 8mm, and all the other are 5mm.Upper and lower carbon steel sheet long side face has 3 M4 threaded holes, for conveniently assemble and disassemble carbon steel sheet and fixing Anti-splash thermofin.
6. the near field plume ms diagnosis E × B probe based on Faraday cylinder according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: collimator adopts stainless steel to make, be divided into A, B two sections, overall length 67mm, entrance and outlet aperture are 2mm, A, B section adopts wringing fit socket, and is respectively arranged with the ring flange that external diameter is 22mm in junction, for fixing collimator.Collimator and centre frame adopt axis hole tight fit connection.
7. the near field plume ms diagnosis E × B probe based on Faraday cylinder according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: drift tube adopts stainless steel to make, be divided into drift tube entrance and drift tube main body, shaft hole matching and ring flange connected mode is adopted to carry out being connected fastening, overall length 55mm, drift tube entrance hole diameter is 3mm; Drift tube main body and gatherer protection sleeve overall processing are formed, and drift tube outlet aperture is 6mm, and protection sleeve internal diameter is 22mm.
8. the near field plume ms diagnosis E × B probe based on Faraday cylinder according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: probe uses aluminum Faraday cylinder to carry out signal collection, Faraday cylinder internal diameter is 6mm, Faraday cylinder overcoat has teflon insulation sleeve, bottom Faraday cylinder, be connected with the long threaded rod of 15mm, use the fastening Faraday cylinder of double nut and connection signal line.
9. the near field plume ms diagnosis E × B probe based on Faraday cylinder according to claim 1, is characterized in that: probe housing front end adopts Anti-splash thermofin coated, and Anti-splash thermofin adopts soft graphite cloth material, and fixes with bolt.
10. application rights requires the using method of the near field plume ms diagnosis E × B probe based on Faraday cylinder described in 1, it is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:
1) ion thruster or hall thruster jet plasma, forms plume;
2) scanning power supply provides the scanning voltage of 0 ~ 600V, and between battery lead plate, the equally distributed electric field of formation and modification, forms evenly orthogonal electromagnetic field with the ferrite permanent magnet that vertical direction distributes;
3) plume ion enters probe E × B place by collimator, and the ion with specific speed enters drift tube by E × B place under evenly orthogonal electromagnetic field effect, finally arrives in Faraday cylinder;
4) the plume ion that screens through electromagnetism place of Faraday cylinder acquisition surface, forms gas current;
5) Anti-splash thermofin available protecting probe front face is directly bombarded from plume ion and sputtering and heat deposition is occurred;
6) gas current of Faraday cylinder collection is obtained by Pi Anbiao measurement;
7) voltage signal that the current signal collected of Pi Anbiao and scanning power supply export is gathered by data collecting instrument, thus obtains the I-V curve with scanning voltage change, obtains divalent ion ratio by calculating.
CN201510166343.XA 2015-04-09 2015-04-09 Near-field plume mass-spectroscopic diagnostic E*B probe based on Faraday cup Pending CN104730066A (en)

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