CN104727265B - One is worn dike culverts and water gates dangerous situation Forecasting Methodology - Google Patents
One is worn dike culverts and water gates dangerous situation Forecasting Methodology Download PDFInfo
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- CN104727265B CN104727265B CN201510161223.0A CN201510161223A CN104727265B CN 104727265 B CN104727265 B CN 104727265B CN 201510161223 A CN201510161223 A CN 201510161223A CN 104727265 B CN104727265 B CN 104727265B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B1/00—Equipment or apparatus for, or methods of, general hydraulic engineering, e.g. protection of constructions against ice-strains
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of hydraulic engineering dangerous situation in flood season Forecasting Methodology, particularly a kind ofly predict wearing dike culverts and water gates dangerous situation between flood period, for emergency flood fighting provides the method for early warning means, its IPC international Patent classificating number E02B? 1/00, belong to Water Resources Domain. Forecasting Methodology of the present invention, utilize the soil sample of the native stone joint portion of checkout equipment to culverts and water gates and embankment to detect, determine the destruction situation of culverts and water gates soil stone binding site under heads at different levels, and then the situation of being in danger when the flood at different levels is predicted to culverts and water gates, for emergency flood fighting provides early warning and decision-making foundation. The solution of the present invention, practical, simple to operate, small investment can be applied in the emergency flood fighting of great rivers.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to a kind of hydraulic engineering dangerous situation in flood season Forecasting Methodology, particularly one is entered wearing dike culverts and water gates dangerous situation between flood periodRow prediction, for emergency flood fighting provides the method for early warning means, its IPC international Patent classificating number E02B1/00, belongs to water conservancy neckTerritory.
Background technology:
In order to draw Huanghe water, in Dike Along Lower Yellow River, have and draw yellow culverts and water gates, these native stone joint portions of wearing dike culverts and water gates and dyke are dykesWeak link, have saying of " culverts and water gates one dangerous section ", the concrete such as culverts and water gates abutment pier, quaywall, bank protection or masonry and soil matrix orLevee body joint portion, due to backfill soil leakiness, or lock body and the embankment load inequality of bearing, cause differential settlement, mistakeSeam, while there is flood, under high water level, long-time action of soaking, flood causes and concentrates around oozing, if particle is from seepage flow along crackOutlet is taken out of, and then forms seepage channel, finally even can develop into leak, causes dike breaching. Therefore, carry out dykeWith wear the research of dike culverts and water gates soil stone joint portion contact scour seepage failure relevant issues, what culverts and water gates was occurred when the flood at different levels dangerous situation to canCan property predict, have important practical significance.
Summary of the invention:
The object of the present invention is to provide that a kind of principle is simple, easy operating, can truly reflect culverts and water gates and the native stone of embankment joint portionThe Forecasting Methodology of being in danger, for emergency flood fighting provides early warning means. Technical scheme of the present invention:
One is worn dike culverts and water gates dangerous situation Forecasting Methodology, comprises the following steps:
(1) checkout equipment is set: described checkout equipment comprises water supply installation and contact scour detector, described water supply installation bagDraw together that revolution is hung, electric block and water tank, described electric block is fixed on described revolution and hangs on, and described water tank is fixed on described electronicOn the suspension hook of cucurbit; Described contact scour detector comprises casing, base, upper limb and top cover, described top cover, upper limb and baseBe rectangular steel plates, the middle part of described top cover is provided with movable top cover, and described movable top cover surrounding is provided with multiple bolts, canRemovable top cover is fixed on described top cover; The surrounding of described upper limb and base is equipped with indent, in described indent, is provided with thick 12mm'sSilica gel sealing bar; The transparent organic glass square tube that described casing is rectangle by cross section is made, and wall thickness is 8mm, and described casing is putPut in the described indent of described upper limb and base, be provided with delivery port in a side of described casing; Described top cover covers instituteState on upper limb, between the two, be provided with sealing ring; The bottom of described base is provided with water inlet, and described water tank is by rubber hose and instituteStating water inlet is communicated with; The part that described base is positioned at described casing is provided with rectangular recess, and the top of described groove is provided with permeable steelPlate, the permeable aperture of described permeable steel plate isThe upper surface of described permeable steel plate and the upper surface of described base are sameIn a plane; Current enter in described groove by described water inlet, then by the permeable hole on described permeable steel plate allEven transition, enters in casing; Multiple push rods are through described top cover, upper limb and base, utilize fastening bolt by described top cover, onEdge, casing and base are fixed together;
(2) soil sample is chosen and is prepared: choose respectively the joint portion of embankment and culverts and water gates abutment pier, quaywall, base plate as detecting position,Multiple sample points are determined according to the size of native stone contact area in each detection position, get detection soil sample at each definite sample point,To detect with soil sample numbering, air-dry after, smash with wooden mallet, sieving for standby, then taking optimum moisture content and maximum dry density as controlIndex processed, is laid in detection in pallet by soil sample, and the amount of water of estimating by atomizers spray, is placed into after layering uniform mixingA wetting night in closed container, so that moisture is evenly distributed in earth material;
(3) sample preparation:
(1) normally contact sample preparation:
The movable top cover of described contact scour detector is opened, vertical contact scour detector placement filled to sample; Dress sampleBefore, select one of them side of casing as inspection surface, evenly smear one deck bentonite at the inwall of other three sides and preventLimit wall concentrative seepage; Each sample divides four layers of charging, the compacting of vibrating after surfacing, and every layer is all close according to the required maximum dry of sampleDegree hits actual arrival predetermined altitude, when every layer of filler, makes even particle distribution and will cut open between layers hair and process, and cuts open a mao degree of depthBe 1～2cm; Hit in real time, hammer will be evenly distributed, and the periphery that sample contacts with cabinet wall must hit reality;
(2) sample preparation when contact-making surface exists defect:
(a) there is the sample preparation in leakiness district in contact-making surface: first calculate respectively often according to the compactness in compact zone and leakiness districtThe quality of layer soil and compacting height, by controlling the difference of compacting height of every layer, produce compact zone and leakiness district; Every layerAll be compacted to desired height to ensure compactness; When every layer of filler, make even particle distribution and will cut open between layersHair is processed, and cuing open mao degree of depth is 1～2cm; Hit in real time, hammer will be evenly distributed, and the periphery that sample contacts with cabinet wall is certainHit reality;
(b) there is the sample preparation in crack in contact-making surface: the setting of contact-making surface Fracture Width is by having certain thickness thin plate controlSystem, before sample preparation, needs according to detecting, and certain thickness thin plate is close to an inwall of casing and is placed, the inwall of its excess-three faceEvenly smear one deck bentonite retaining wall, and then carry out the preparation of soil sample, preparation process is with the preparation of normal contact sample, the preparation of soil sampleAfter good, extracting thin plate can detect;
(4) detect operation
(1) determine according to regimen data the water level before gates that floods at different levels are corresponding, with the depth displacement of water level before gates and test point, asDetect head, start electric block, according to detecting head, water tank hoisting, to corresponding height, is detected described contact scourInstrument supplies water, and checks whether the sealing position of described contact scour detector leaks;
(2) according to detecting the modes of emplacement that need to choose contact scour detector: while detecting the joint portion of culverts and water gates base plate and embankment,Contact-making surface is laterally placed; While detecting the joint portion of culverts and water gates abutment pier, quaywall and embankment, contact-making surface is vertically placed;
(3) according to detecting the state that movable top cover need to be set: when there is the contact scour of lateral limitation in detection downstream, open outThe mouth of a river, by the bolt tightening of movable top cover surrounding, is closely fixed together movable top cover and described top cover; Detect downstreamDuring without the contact scour of lateral limitation, close delivery port, movable top cover is removed, or the bolt of surrounding is unscrewed, making canBetween removable top cover and described top cover, maintain a certain distance;
(4) start to detect: according to testing requirement, regulate and detect head, then open each valve and start to detect; Observe and recordThe time that soil sample forms from wetting, infiltration, destruction, leakage passage and corresponding head;
(5) empty the soil sample in contact scour detector, pack soil sample to be detected into, repeating step (three)-(four);
(6), according to testing result, determine flood level and soak time that each test section potential energy is enough resisted.
Forecasting Methodology of the present invention, can carry out the detection under different flood conditions to wearing dike culverts and water gates soil stone joint portion, easy to operate andSimple, practical, simple testing equipment is applied to emergency flood fighting one line, can predict more exactly that culverts and water gates is respectivelyThe situation of being in danger when level flood, for emergency flood fighting provides decision-making foundation.
Brief description of the drawings:
Fig. 1, contact scour detector top view of the present invention;
Fig. 2, contact scour detector longitudinal section of the present invention.
In figure, 1 is top cover, and 2 is movable top cover, and 3 is sealing ring, and 4 is fastening bolt, and 5 is delivery port, and 6 is indent,7 is upper limb, and 8 is casing, and 9 is push rod, and 10 is base, and 11 is permeable steel plate, and 12 is water inlet.
Detailed description of the invention:
Below in conjunction with Fig. 1-2, the present invention is elaborated.
One of the present invention is worn dike culverts and water gates dangerous situation Forecasting Methodology, comprises the following steps:
(1) checkout equipment is set: described checkout equipment comprises water supply installation and contact scour detector, described water supply installation bagDraw together that revolution is hung, electric block and water tank, described electric block is fixed on described revolution and hangs on, and described water tank is fixed on described electronicOn the suspension hook of cucurbit; Described contact scour detector comprises casing 8, base 10, upper limb 7 and top cover 1, described top cover 1, onEdge 7 and base 10 are the rectangular steel plates of thickness 200mm, and the middle part of described top cover 1 is provided with movable top cover 2, described livingMoving top cover 2 is made up of the thick lucite of 8mm, is multiplely bolted to described top by what be arranged on movable top cover 2 surroundingsOn lid 1; The surrounding of described upper limb 7 and base 10 is equipped with indent 6, is provided with the silica gel sealing of thick 12mm in described indent 6Bar. The transparent organic glass square tube that described casing 8 is rectangle by cross section is made, and wall thickness is 8mm, and described casing 8 is placed onIn the described indent 6 of described upper limb 7 and base 10, be provided with delivery port 5 in a side of described casing 8; Described top cover 1Cover on described upper limb 7, between the two, be provided with sealing ring 3; The bottom of described base 10 is provided with water inlet 12, described water tankBe communicated with described water inlet 12 by rubber hose; The part that described base 10 is positioned at described casing 8 is provided with rectangular recess,The top of described groove is provided with permeable steel plate 11, and the permeable aperture of described permeable steel plate 11 isDescribed permeable steel plateThe upper surface of 11 upper surface and described base 10 is in same plane; Current enter described groove by described water inlet 12In, then, by the even transition of the permeable hole on described permeable steel plate 11, enter in casing 8; Described in multiple push rods 9 passTop cover 1, upper limb 7 and base 10, utilize top cover 1 described in fastening bolt 4, upper limb 7, casing 8 and base 10 to be fixed on oneRise.
(2) soil sample preparation: after will detecting and doing with folk song, smash with wooden mallet, sieving for standby, then with optimum moisture content andLarge dry density, for controlling index, is laid in soil sample in pallet, and the amount of water of estimating by atomizers spray, after layering uniform mixingBe placed into a wetting night in closed container, so that moisture is evenly distributed in earth material.
(3) sample preparation:
(1) normally contact sample preparation:
The movable top cover 2 of described contact scour detector is opened, vertical contact scour detector placement filled to sample; DressBefore sample, the inwall of other three outside casing 8 inspection surfaces is evenly smeared one deck bentonite and is prevented limit wall concentrative seepage; Each examinationSample divides four layers of charging, the compacting of vibrating after surfacing, and every layer is all hit actual arrival predetermined altitude according to the required maximum dry density of sample, everyWhen layer filler, make even particle distribution and will cut open between layers hair and process, cuing open mao degree of depth is 1～2cm; Hit in real time, hitHammer will be evenly distributed and attack required thickness directly, and sample must hit reality with the periphery that casing 8 inwalls contact.
(2) sample preparation when contact-making surface exists defect:
(a) there is the sample preparation in leakiness district in contact-making surface:
The preparation of contact-making surface leakiness district sample is by compact zone and leakiness district (controlling by the compactness that changes soil sample) soilThe prefabricated height that sample is every layer is controlled. Before the modelling of soil body sample, first count respectively according to the compactness in compact zone and leakiness districtCalculate every layer of native quality and compacting height, by controlling the difference of compacting height of every layer, produce compact zone and leakiness district;Every layer is all compacted to desired height to ensure compactness; When every layer of filler, make even particle distribution and will enter between layersRow cuts open hair and processes, and cuing open mao degree of depth is 1～2cm; Hit in real time, hammer will be evenly distributed and attack required thickness directly, and sample and casingThe periphery of 8 inwall contacts must hit reality.
(b) there is the sample preparation in crack in contact-making surface:
The setting of contact-making surface Fracture Width, by having certain thickness thin plate control, before sample preparation, needs according to detecting, will be certainThe thin plate of thickness is close to an inwall placement of casing 8, and the inwall of its excess-three face is evenly smeared one deck bentonite retaining wall, and thenCarry out the preparation of soil sample, preparation process, with the preparation of normal contact sample, is extracted thin plate after the preparation of soil sample is good and can be detected.
(4) detect operation
(1) debugging of checkout equipment: lucite itself is exactly a rigid media, can directly set it as a rigid contact surfaces,And detect the contact scour detection case between the soil body and different roughness rigid building by changing its roughness. Can according to soilThe kind of the rigid building of body contact, for example stone or concrete, arrange the roughness of casing 8 inwalls.
Determine according to regimen data the water level before gates that floods at different levels are corresponding, with the depth displacement of water level before gates and test point, as detectionHead. Start electric block, according to the head detecting, water tank hoisting is arrived to corresponding height, to described contact scour detectorSupply water, check whether the sealing position of described contact scour detector leaks.
(2) according to detecting the modes of emplacement that need to choose contact scour detector: while detecting the joint portion of culverts and water gates base plate and embankment,Contact-making surface is laterally placed; While detecting the joint portion of culverts and water gates abutment pier, quaywall and embankment, contact-making surface is vertically placed;
(3) according to detecting the state that movable top cover 2 need to be set: when there is the contact scour of lateral limitation in detection downstream, openDelivery port 5, by the bolt tightening of movable top cover 2 surroundings, is closely fixed together movable top cover 2 with described top cover 1;While detecting downstream without the contact scour of lateral limitation, close delivery port 5, movable top cover 2 is removed, or by the spiral shell of surroundingBolt is unscrewed, and makes to maintain a certain distance between movable top cover 2 and described top cover 1;
(4) start to detect: according to testing requirement, regulate and detect head, then open each valve and start to detect; Observe and recordThe time that soil sample forms from wetting, infiltration, destruction, leakage passage and corresponding head;
(5) empty the soil sample in contact scour detector, pack soil sample to be detected into, repeating step (three)-(four);
(6), according to testing result, determine flood level and soak time that each test section potential energy is enough resisted.
Technical scheme of the present invention, approximately 2000 yuan of single contact scour detector manufacturing costs, in addition reusable, reduceThe cost detecting. Casing 8 adopts transparent lucite, facilitates the observation of various phenomenons in testing process. Testing result canPredict that more exactly the situation of dangerous situation occurs each native stone binding site of gate in the time of flood at different levels, emergency flood fighting department can rootAccording to flood forecasting, culverts and water gates preparation plans of Emergency and the material that can be in danger in prediction, realize robbing and early rob the little principle of speedily carrying out rescue work.
Claims (1)
1. wear a dike culverts and water gates dangerous situation Forecasting Methodology, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
(1) checkout equipment is set: described checkout equipment comprises water supply installation and contact scour detector, described water supply installationComprise that revolution is hung, electric block and water tank, described electric block is fixed on described revolution and hangs on, described in described water tank is fixed onOn the suspension hook of electric block; Described contact scour detector comprises casing (8), base (10), upper limb (7) and top cover (1),Described top cover (1), upper limb (7) and base (10) are rectangular steel plates, and the middle part of described top cover (1) is provided with movableTop cover (2), described movable top cover (2) surrounding is provided with multiple bolts, and movable top cover (2) is fixed on to described top cover(1) on; The surrounding of described upper limb (7) and base (10) is equipped with indent (6), is provided with thick in described indent (6)The silica gel sealing bar of 12mm; The transparent organic glass square tube that described casing (8) is rectangle by cross section is made, and wall thickness is 8mm,Described casing (8) is placed in the described indent (6) of described upper limb (7) and base (10), in described casing (8)A side be provided with delivery port (5); It is upper that described top cover (1) covers described upper limb (7), is provided with sealing between the twoCircle (3); The bottom of described base (10) is provided with water inlet (12), and described water tank is by rubber hose and described water inlet(12) be communicated with; The part that described base (10) is positioned at described casing (8) is provided with rectangular recess, described groove upperPortion is provided with permeable steel plate (11), and the permeable aperture of described permeable steel plate (11) isDescribed permeable steel plate (11)Upper surface and the upper surface of described base (10) in same plane; Current enter institute by described water inlet (12)State in groove, then by the even transition of the permeable hole on described permeable steel plate (11), enter in casing (8); MultiplePush rod (9) is through described top cover (1), upper limb (7) and base (10), utilize fastening bolt (4) by described top cover (1),Upper limb (7), casing (8) and base (10) are fixed together;
(2) soil sample is chosen and is prepared: choose respectively the joint portion of embankment and culverts and water gates abutment pier, quaywall, base plate as test sectionPosition, multiple sample points are determined according to the size of native stone contact area in each detection position, get detection at each definite sample pointBy soil sample, will detect with soil sample numbering, air-dry after, smash with wooden mallet, sieving for standby, then with optimum moisture content and maximumDry density, for controlling index, is laid in detection in pallet by soil sample, the amount of water of estimating by atomizers spray, and layering is mixed and stirredEvenly, be placed into a wetting night in closed container, so that moisture is evenly distributed in earth material;
(3) sample preparation:
(1) normally contact sample preparation:
The movable top cover (2) of described contact scour detector is opened, vertical contact scour detector placement filledSample; Before dress sample, select one of them side of casing (8) as inspection surface, be evenly coated with at the inwall of other three sidesSmear one deck bentonite and prevent limit wall concentrative seepage; Each sample divides four layers of charging, the compacting of vibrating after surfacing, every layer of root allHit actual arrival predetermined altitude according to the required maximum dry density of sample, when every layer of filler, make even particle distribution and will enter between layersRow cuts open hair and processes, and cuing open mao degree of depth is 1～2cm; Hit in real time, hammer will be evenly distributed, and sample and casing (8) inwall connectTactile periphery must hit reality;
(2) sample preparation when contact-making surface exists defect:
(a) there is the sample preparation in leakiness district in contact-making surface: first calculate respectively according to the compactness in compact zone and leakiness districtEvery layer of native quality and compacting height, by controlling the difference of compacting height of every layer, produce compact zone and leakiness district;Every layer is all compacted to desired height to ensure compactness; When every layer of filler, make even particle distribution and want between layersCut open hair and process, cuing open mao degree of depth is 1～2cm; Hit in real time, hammer will be evenly distributed, and sample and casing (8) inwallThe periphery of contact must hit reality;
(b) there is the sample preparation in crack in contact-making surface: the setting of contact-making surface Fracture Width is by having certain thickness thin plateControl, before sample preparation, need according to detecting, certain thickness thin plate is close to an inwall of casing (8) and is placed, all the otherThe inwall of three is evenly smeared one deck bentonite retaining wall, and then carries out the preparation of soil sample, and preparation process is with normal contact sample systemStandby, after the preparation of soil sample is good, extract thin plate and can detect;
(4) detect operation
(1) determine according to regimen data the water level before gates that floods at different levels are corresponding, with the depth displacement of water level before gates and test point,As detecting head, start electric block, according to detecting head, water tank hoisting is arrived to corresponding height, to described contact punchingBrush detector supplies water, and checks whether the sealing position of described contact scour detector leaks;
(2) according to detecting the modes of emplacement that need to choose contact scour detector: the joint portion of detecting culverts and water gates base plate and embankmentTime, contact-making surface is laterally placed; While detecting the joint portion of culverts and water gates abutment pier, quaywall and embankment, contact-making surface is vertically placed;
(3) according to detecting the state that movable top cover (2) need to be set: when there is the contact scour of lateral limitation in simulation downstream,Open delivery port (5), by the bolt tightening of movable top cover (2) surrounding, by movable top cover (2) and described top cover (1)Closely be fixed together; Delivery port (5) during without the contact scour of lateral limitation, is closed, by movable top cover (2) in simulation downstreamRemove, or the bolt of surrounding is unscrewed, make to maintain a certain distance between movable top cover (2) and described top cover (1);
(4) start to detect: according to testing requirement, regulate and detect head, then open each valve and start to detect; Observe alsoRecord time and corresponding head that soil sample forms from wetting, infiltration, destruction, leakage passage;
(5) empty the soil sample in contact scour detector, pack soil sample to be detected into, repeating step (three)-(four);
(6), according to testing result, determine flood level and soak time that each test section potential energy is enough resisted.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201510161223.0A CN104727265B (en) | 2015-04-07 | 2015-04-07 | One is worn dike culverts and water gates dangerous situation Forecasting Methodology |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201510161223.0A CN104727265B (en) | 2015-04-07 | 2015-04-07 | One is worn dike culverts and water gates dangerous situation Forecasting Methodology |
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| CN104727265B true CN104727265B (en) | 2016-05-11 |
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101788451A (en) * | 2010-02-09 | 2010-07-28 | 浙江树人大学 | Silt anti-permeability strength measuring equipment and method |
| CN203213070U (en) * | 2013-04-19 | 2013-09-25 | 河海大学 | Model test device for researching damage of flowing soil of levee of river |
| KR101354449B1 (en) * | 2013-06-24 | 2014-01-27 | (주)웸스 | Verification method for hydrologic effectiveness performance of low impact development |
| CN104406874A (en) * | 2014-12-12 | 2015-03-11 | 黄河水利委员会黄河水利科学研究院 | Erosion testing device of dike breach |
| CN104452651A (en) * | 2014-09-26 | 2015-03-25 | 黄河水利委员会黄河水利科学研究院 | River flow bed hydraulic model |
-
2015
- 2015-04-07 CN CN201510161223.0A patent/CN104727265B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101788451A (en) * | 2010-02-09 | 2010-07-28 | 浙江树人大学 | Silt anti-permeability strength measuring equipment and method |
| CN203213070U (en) * | 2013-04-19 | 2013-09-25 | 河海大学 | Model test device for researching damage of flowing soil of levee of river |
| KR101354449B1 (en) * | 2013-06-24 | 2014-01-27 | (주)웸스 | Verification method for hydrologic effectiveness performance of low impact development |
| CN104452651A (en) * | 2014-09-26 | 2015-03-25 | 黄河水利委员会黄河水利科学研究院 | River flow bed hydraulic model |
| CN104406874A (en) * | 2014-12-12 | 2015-03-11 | 黄河水利委员会黄河水利科学研究院 | Erosion testing device of dike breach |
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