CN104726098A - Sulfur/nitrogen double-doped carbon quantum dot with high fluorescence quantum yield and preparation method and application of sulfur/nitrogen double-doped carbon quantum dot - Google Patents
Sulfur/nitrogen double-doped carbon quantum dot with high fluorescence quantum yield and preparation method and application of sulfur/nitrogen double-doped carbon quantum dot Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a sulfur/nitrogen double-doped carbon quantum dot with high fluorescence quantum yield and a preparation method and ion detection application of the sulfur/nitrogen double-doped carbon quantum dot. The carbon source of the carbon quantum dot is provided from sodium citrate, and the sulfur source and the nitrogen source of the carbon quantum dot are both provided from sulfamide. The reparation method comprises the following steps: dissolving the raw materials in a hydrothermal reaction kettle for reaction, after the synthesized product is naturally cooled, separating so as to obtain a solution, and drying the solution, thereby obtaining the sulfur/nitrogen double-doped carbon quantum dot with high fluorescence quantum yield. By adopting the method, only one step of reaction is needed, a small amount of middle products and byproducts can be generated, a very small amount of raw materials is needed, the reaction speed is fast, and the method is both economic and environment-friendly. In addition, the sulfur/nitrogen double-doped carbon quantum dot has the characteristics of high fluorescence quantum yield, can be successfully applied to detection on Hg<2+>, and has wide application prospect in biological detection, sewage treatment and the like.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of nanometer material technology, relate to a kind of sulphur, nitrogen codope carbon quantum dot, preparation method and its usage, be specifically related to a kind of sulphur, nitrogen codope carbon quantum dot, the preparation method and its usage with high-fluorescence quantum yield.
Background technology
Carbon is the basis of all known life on the earth, has very important effect in modern development in science and technology.Carbon has various electronic orbit characteristic (sp, sp2 and sp3), so form the peculiar material of many structures and characteristics, as carbon nanotube, soccerballene, Nano diamond, Graphene and graphene oxide etc.In recent years the development of nano-carbon material constantly refreshes achievement, and to Scrivens in 2004 etc. first when Single Walled Carbon Nanotube prepared by purification arc discharge method, accidental separation has gone out carbon quantum dot, has again opened up new era of novel fluorescence sensitive material.
Luminous carbon quantum dot (Carbon dots, CDs) is that the size of skeleton structure is less than the spherical nano particle of the class of 10nm with carbon, has superior luminescent properties; Compared with semiconductor-quantum-point, carbon quantum dot luminescence is more stable, be easy to functionalization and industrialization, nontoxic, preparation cheap and simple, all has important using value in fields such as the biochemical analysis of luminescent material, photoelectric device, environmental protection, biomedicine, metallic cation and negatively charged ion and photochemical catalysis.Therefore carbon quantum dot one is come out, and is just subject to showing great attention to of scientific research personnel.Outstanding optical property and low toxicity characteristic make carbon quantum dot become the environmentally friendly nano material of most application prospect, and it can be applicable to biomedical sector.
The synthetic method of carbon quantum dot mainly contains " from top to bottom " and " from bottom to top " two kinds of approach.Preparing the carbon source of quantum dot widely, both can be carbon simple substance can be compound.But a lot of fluorescence of carbon quantum dot adopting different raw materials to synthesize as carbon source is very weak, or even does not have fluorescence.In order to improve the luminous intensity of gained carbon quantum dot, widen its application in fields such as cell markings, select suitable carbon source and effective preparation method improving luminous intensity, simple and easy preparation good water solubility and the high carbon quantum dot of luminous intensity still have very large exploration space, and wherein element doping improves a kind of effective means of fluorescence intensity.In the carbon quantum dot of doping, current research mainly concentrates in the carbon quantum dot of sulphur, the doping of nitrogen monad, carries out the preparation of the carbon quantum dot of diatomic doping, character and application thereof then rarely have report with single raw material.
Summary of the invention
Given this, the object of the invention is to the energy band structure being changed carbon quantum dot inside by doping sulphur, nitrogen diatomic, and adopt single raw material to carry out diatomic doping, prepare a kind of carbon quantum dot with high-fluorescence quantum yield.
To achieve these goals, present invention employs following technical scheme:
Have a preparation method for the sulphur of high-fluorescence quantum yield, nitrogen codope carbon quantum dot, described method is hydrothermal method, comprises the following steps:
(1) carbon source and sulphur nitrogenous source are dissolved in the water, obtain precursor solution;
(2) precursor solution is reacted in hydrothermal reaction kettle, then naturally cool to room temperature and obtain suspension liquid;
(3) be separated suspension liquid, obtain solution;
(4) solution is dry, obtain sulphur, the nitrogen codope carbon quantum dot with high-fluorescence quantum yield.
Described sulphur nitrogenous source namely, a kind of compound both as nitrogenous source, again as sulphur source.
The present invention adopts single raw material to carry out nitrogen, the doping of sulphur diatomic, and utilizes hydrothermal method one-step synthesis to obtain having sulphur, the nitrogen codope carbon quantum dot of high-fluorescence quantum yield.
Preferably, described carbon source is Trisodium Citrate.
Preferably, described sulphur nitrogenous source is sulphamide.
Preferably, in described precursor solution, the concentration of Trisodium Citrate is 0.1mol/L, and the concentration of sulphamide is 0.001 ~ 10mol/L, preferred 0.01mol/L.Namely the mol ratio of described Trisodium Citrate and sulphamide is 1:0.01 ~ 1:10, such as, be 1:0.01,1:0.1,1:1,1:2 or 1:6 etc., is preferably 1:0.1.If the mol ratio of Trisodium Citrate and sulphamide is at below 1:0.1, its fluorescence intensity does not have obvious increase; If after the mol ratio of sodium citrate solution and described sulphamide solution is greater than 1:0.1, fluorescence intensity sharply declines, when mol ratio is 1:0.1, there is peak value in fluorescence intensity.The mol ratio of the preferred described Trisodium Citrate of the present invention and sulphamide is 1:0.1, to guarantee to have best fluorescent effect.
Namely described dissolving dissolves completely.
Described hydrothermal reaction kettle is the stainless steel autoclave of teflon lined.
Preferably, described temperature of reaction be 120 ~ 240 DEG C (be such as 140 DEG C, 160 DEG C, 180 DEG C, 200 DEG C, 220 DEG C or 240 DEG C etc.), in this temperature range, all can synthesize sulphur, the nitrogen codope carbon quantum dot with fluorescence property.
Preferably, the described reaction times is more than 2h, such as, be 4h, 6h, 8h or 10h etc., is preferably 6h.
Preferably, cylindrical membrane separator-filter is adopted to be separated.
Preferably, described cylindrical membrane separator-filter is the combination of any one or at least two kinds in molecular weight cut-off 3kDa, 5kDa, 10kDa or 30kDa.
Preferably, described drying is carried out under vacuum, and drying temperature is 100 ~ 120 DEG C, and time of drying is 12h.
There is a preparation method for the sulphur of high-fluorescence quantum yield, nitrogen codope carbon quantum dot, specifically comprise the following steps:
(1) Trisodium Citrate and sulphamide are dissolved in the water, obtain precursor solution;
(2) precursor solution is reacted 6h in hydrothermal reaction kettle, then naturally cool to room temperature and obtain suspension liquid;
(3) be separated suspension liquid, obtain solution;
(4) solution is dry, obtain sulphur, the nitrogen codope carbon quantum dot with high-fluorescence quantum yield;
Wherein, in described precursor solution, the concentration of Trisodium Citrate is 0.1mol/L, and the concentration of sulphamide is 0.01mol/L.
The sulphur adopting this optimal technical scheme to obtain, nitrogen codope carbon quantum dot, fluorescence quantum yield is high, can reach 65%.
Two of object of the present invention is the sulphur with high-fluorescence quantum yield, the nitrogen codope carbon quantum dot that provide a kind of method described above to prepare.The carbon quantum dot adopting described method to prepare has high-fluorescence quantum yield, raw materials used few, and fluorescence intensity is high.
Three of object of the present invention is that providing a kind of has the sulphur of high-fluorescence quantum yield, the purposes of nitrogen codope carbon quantum dot as above, and it is for Hg
2+detection, biological detection or sewage disposal.
Compared with the prior art, the present invention has following beneficial effect:
The sulphur adopting method of the present invention to prepare, nitrogen codope height photoluminescence carbon quantum dot, only need single step reaction, and speed of response is very fast, and by product and intermediate product few, raw material dosage is few, and cost is low, and fluorescence quantum yield is high, reaches as high as 65%.The carbon quantum dot luminous intensity of gained is high, and is successfully applied to Hg
2+detection, in addition, also have broad application prospects in biological detection and sewage disposal etc.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the sulphur of the embodiment of the present invention 1 preparation, the transmission electron microscope picture of nitrogen codope fluorescent carbon quantum dot;
Fig. 2 is the sulphur of the embodiment of the present invention 1 preparation, the fluorescent emission spectrogram of nitrogen codope fluorescent carbon quantum dot and fluorescence excitation spectrogram;
Fig. 3 is the sulphur of the embodiment of the present invention 1 preparation, the C of nitrogen codope fluorescent carbon quantum dot
1sswarming collection of illustrative plates;
Fig. 4 is the sulphur of the embodiment of the present invention 1 preparation, the S of nitrogen codope fluorescent carbon quantum dot
2pswarming collection of illustrative plates;
Fig. 5 is the sulphur of the embodiment of the present invention 1 preparation, the N of nitrogen codope fluorescent carbon quantum dot
1sswarming collection of illustrative plates;
Fig. 6 is the sulphur of the embodiment of the present invention 1 preparation, the O of nitrogen codope fluorescent carbon quantum dot
1sswarming collection of illustrative plates;
Fig. 7 is sulphur, the change curve of photoluminescence intensity after the process of nitrogen codope fluorescent carbon quantum dot hydrogen peroxide prepared by the embodiment of the present invention 2;
Fig. 8 is the sulphur of the embodiment of the present invention 2 preparation, the change curve of nitrogen codope fluorescent carbon quantum dot photoluminescence intensity under different pH;
Fig. 9 concentration is the Hg of 1000nM
2+add the fluorescence intensity after different time in the solution containing sulphur, nitrogen codope fluorescent carbon quantum, after result shows 5min, fluorescence intensity no longer changes, so detection time is decided to be 5min.
Figure 10 is the Hg of different concns
2+add the fluorescence intensity after 5min in the solution containing sulphur, nitrogen codope fluorescent carbon quantum dot; Figure 11 is fluorescence intensity change and corresponding Hg
2+the linear relationship of concentration, the sulphur that result shows to prepare, nitrogen codope fluorescent carbon quantum dot can to Hg within the scope of 1-5000nM
2+realize detecting.
Figure 12 be sulphur, nitrogen codope fluorescent carbon quantum dot to the fluorescent quenching degree of the different metal ion of 5000nM, result shows that sulphur, nitrogen codope fluorescent carbon quantum dot are to Hg
2+there is very high selectivity.
Embodiment
Technical scheme of the present invention is further illustrated by embodiment below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Embodiment 1
A () gets Trisodium Citrate and the 0.48g sulphamide of 0.735g, be dissolved in 25mL deionized water and fully stir 5min, obtain precursor solution;
B the precursor solution obtained is placed in the stainless steel autoclave of 50ml teflon lined by (), be to react 6h under the condition of 200 DEG C after sealing in temperature, naturally cools to room temperature, obtains suspension liquid;
C suspension liquid molecular weight cut-off 3kDa cylindrical membrane separator-filter filters by (), collect filtered solution, drying obtains sulphur, the nitrogen codope carbon quantum dot of high fluorescent yield.
See Fig. 1, it be the present embodiment prepare sulphur, nitrogen codope fluorescent carbon quantum dot transmission electron microscope picture, the size of carbon quantum dot is between 3nm to 9nm as can be seen from Figure 1.
See Fig. 2, it is that the present embodiment prepares sulphur, the fluorescent emission of nitrogen codope fluorescent carbon quantum dot and fluorescence excitation spectrogram; As can be seen from the figure, can obtain the strongest fluorescence intensity when excitation wavelength is 350nm, its fluorescence emission spectrum peak position is set to 440nm.
See Fig. 3-6 be the present embodiment prepare sulphur, nitrogen codope fluorescent carbon quantum dot XPS swarming collection of illustrative plates, as can be seen from the figure have the existence of C-S key in sulphur, nitrogen codope carbon quantum dot.
Embodiment 2
A () gets Trisodium Citrate and the 0.24g sulphamide of 0.735g, be dissolved in 25mL deionized water and fully stir 5min, obtain precursor solution;
B the precursor solution obtained is placed in the stainless steel autoclave of 50mL teflon lined by (), react 4h, naturally cool to room temperature, obtain suspension liquid after sealing under the condition of 220 DEG C;
C () filters suspension liquid molecular weight cut-off 3kDa cylindrical membrane separator-filter, collect filtered solution, drying obtains sulphur, the nitrogen codope carbon quantum dot of high fluorescent yield.The carbon quantum dot that the present embodiment obtains luminous intensity under 350nm rayed is 624a.u..
See Fig. 7, it is sulphur, the change curve of luminous intensity after the process of nitrogen codope fluorescent carbon quantum dot hydrogen peroxide prepared by the present embodiment, and the sulphur that result shows to prepare, nitrogen codope carbon quantum dot are insensitive for hydrogen peroxide.See Fig. 8, it is the change curve that sulphur, the nitrogen codope fluorescent carbon quantum dot photoluminescence intensity prepared by the present embodiment under different pH obtains.As can be seen from Figure 8, in the scope that pH is 6-12, the change of sulphur prepared by the present embodiment, nitrogen codope fluorescence quantum photoluminescence intensity is not obvious, but can destroy carbon quantum dot when acidity or alkalescence are crossed strong causes photoluminescence intensity to reduce to 0, this figure proves that the high photoluminescence intensity of the carbon quantum dot prepared by the present embodiment and pH have nothing to do, but causes due to the doping of sulphur, nitrogen-atoms.
Embodiment 3
A () gets Trisodium Citrate and the 0.024g sulphamide of 0.735g, be dissolved in 25mL deionized water and fully stir 5min, obtain precursor solution;
B the precursor solution obtained is placed in the stainless steel autoclave of 50mL teflon lined by (), react 8h, naturally cool to room temperature, obtain suspension liquid under the condition of 180 DEG C of sealings;
C () filters to suspension liquid with molecular weight cut-off 5kDa cylindrical membrane separator-filter, collect filtered solution, drying obtains a kind of sulfur doping carbon quantum dot of high fluorescent yield.The carbon quantum dot that the present embodiment obtains luminous intensity under 450nm rayed is 830a.u..
Embodiment 4
A () gets Trisodium Citrate and the 0.048g sulphamide of 0.735g, be dissolved in 25mL deionized water and fully stir 5min, obtain precursor solution;
B stainless steel autoclave that the precursor solution obtained is placed in 50mL teflon lined by () reacts 10h under the condition of 200 DEG C of sealings, naturally cools to room temperature, obtains suspension liquid;
C () filters suspension liquid with the cylindrical membrane separator-filter of molecular weight cut-off 3kDa, collect filtered solution, drying obtains a kind of sulphur, nitrogen codope height photoluminescence intensity carbon quantum dot.The carbon quantum dot that the present embodiment obtains luminous intensity under 450nm rayed is 460a.u..
Embodiment 5
Sulphur in the present invention, nitrogen codope carbon quantum dot are used successfully to Hg
2+detection.Being diluted by 2.5 μ L carbon quantum dot deionized waters is 1mL, after the optical excitation with wavelength 350nm, the luminous intensity at 440nm place is denoted as initial strength F
0.Add containing Hg in this solution
2+solution, survey luminous intensity after 5min, be denoted as F
1.Δ F is Hg
2+detection signal, expression formula is Δ F=F
0-F
1.Excite crack width and launch slit width and be respectively 5nm and 5nm.Fig. 9-11 is that this carbon quantum dot is to Hg
2+the experimental result of susceptibility.
Wherein, Fig. 9 adds 1 μM of Hg
2+the luminous intensity of carbon quantum dot relation over time after solution.Luminous intensity is almost constant after 5min, therefore after 5min, detects luminous intensity in experiment.Figure 10 is different Hg
2+the luminous intensity of carbon quantum dot under concentration (0,2,100,250,500,1000,2000,3000,4000,5000nM).Luminous intensity is with Hg
2+the increase of concentration obviously declines.Figure 11 is pad value and the Hg of luminous intensity
2+the relation of concentration.Work as Hg
2+concentration is within the scope of 1 ~ 5000nM, and the two is strong linear relationship, relation conefficient 0.9979.Then calculate according to triple standard difference method, detect and be limited to 1nM, Hg before being better than
2+detect report (Xu Yue, soup is pure, Huang Hong, etc. the green syt of fluorescent carbon quantum dot and highly sensitive selective enumeration method mercury ion. analytical chemistry research report .2014,42 (9): 1252 ~ 1258; Cui X, Zhu L, Wu J, et al.Afluorescent biosensor based on carbon dots-labeled oligodeoxyribonucleotide andgraphene oxide for mercury (II) detection.Biosensors & Bioelectronics.Jan2015; 63:506-512; Goncalves HMR, Duarte AJ, da Silva J.Optical fiber sensor forHg (II) based on carbon dots.Biosensors & Bioelectronics.Dec2010; 26 (4): 1302-1306.).Figure 12 is that after adding different metal ion, carbon quantum dot is at the pad value of the luminous intensity at 400nm place.Add 1000nM Hg
2+after solution, luminous intensity obviously declines, and the impact of other metal ions almost can be ignored.This shows sulphur, the two carbon dope quantum dots characterization Hg of nitrogen in the present invention
2+there is good selectivity.
Applicant states, the present invention illustrates method detailed of the present invention by above-described embodiment, but the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned method detailed, does not namely mean that the present invention must rely on above-mentioned method detailed and could implement.Person of ordinary skill in the field should understand, any improvement in the present invention, to equivalence replacement and the interpolation of ancillary component, the concrete way choice etc. of each raw material of product of the present invention, all drops within protection scope of the present invention and open scope.
Claims (10)
1. a preparation method for sulphur, nitrogen codope carbon quantum dot, it is characterized in that, described method is hydrothermal method, comprises the following steps:
(1) carbon source and sulphur nitrogenous source are dissolved in the water, obtain precursor solution;
(2) by precursor solution Reactive Synthesis carbon quantum dot in hydrothermal reaction kettle, then naturally cool to room temperature and obtain suspension liquid;
(3) be separated suspension liquid, obtain solution;
(4) solution is dry, obtain sulphur, nitrogen codope carbon quantum dot.
2. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that, described carbon source is Trisodium Citrate;
Preferably, described sulphur nitrogenous source is sulphamide.
3. method as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, in described precursor solution, the concentration of Trisodium Citrate is 0.1mol/L;
Preferably, in described precursor solution, the concentration of sulphamide is 0.001 ~ 10mol/L, preferred 0.01mol/L.
4. the method as described in one of claim 1-3, is characterized in that, namely described dissolving dissolves completely.
5. the method as described in one of claim 1-4, is characterized in that, described temperature of reaction is 120 ~ 240 DEG C;
Preferably, the described reaction times is more than 2h, is preferably 6h.
6. the method as described in one of claim 1-5, is characterized in that, adopts cylindrical membrane separator-filter to be separated;
Preferably, described cylindrical membrane separator-filter is the combination of any one or at least two kinds in molecular weight cut-off 3kDa, 5kDa, 10kDa or 30kDa.
7. the method as described in one of claim 1-6, is characterized in that, described drying is carried out under vacuum, and drying temperature is 30 ~ 120 DEG C, and time of drying is 3-24h.
8. the method as described in one of claim 1-7, is characterized in that, described method comprises the steps:
(1) Trisodium Citrate and sulphamide are dissolved in the water, obtain precursor solution;
(2) precursor solution is reacted 6h in hydrothermal reaction kettle, then naturally cool to room temperature and obtain suspension liquid;
(3) be separated suspension liquid, obtain solution;
(4) solution is dry, obtain sulphur, nitrogen codope carbon quantum dot;
Wherein, in described precursor solution, the concentration of Trisodium Citrate is 0.1mol/L, and the concentration of sulphamide is 0.01mol/L.
9. the sulphur that method prepares as described in one of claim 1-8, nitrogen codope carbon quantum dot.
10. a purposes for sulphur as claimed in claim 9, nitrogen codope carbon quantum dot, it is for Hg
2+detection, biological detection or sewage disposal.
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