CN104722903B - A kind of valve stem small end plasma surfacing method - Google Patents
A kind of valve stem small end plasma surfacing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104722903B CN104722903B CN201510127509.7A CN201510127509A CN104722903B CN 104722903 B CN104722903 B CN 104722903B CN 201510127509 A CN201510127509 A CN 201510127509A CN 104722903 B CN104722903 B CN 104722903B
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- valve stem
- small end
- welding
- built
- plasma surfacing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K10/00—Welding or cutting by means of a plasma
- B23K10/02—Plasma welding
- B23K10/027—Welding for purposes other than joining, e.g. build-up welding
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- Arc Welding In General (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of valve stem small end plasma surfacing method, comprises the following steps：1) valve stem is made, the small end of the valve stem has ball-and-socket.2) valve stem is sent to below the welding gun of plasma surfacing machine, valve is along bar axle central rotation, while plasma gun declines, it is to be welded during progressively at the uniform velocity lifted again.3) distance of the welding gun with the valve stem small end of the plasma surfacing machine is adjusted, starts striking.4) distance of the welding gun with the valve stem small end of the plasma surfacing machine is adjusted, starts built-up welding.5) welding gun of the adjustment adjustment plasma surfacing machine and the distance of the valve stem small end, stop built-up welding.After the cooling of valve stem small end, valve stem is removed, overlay-operation is completed.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the manufacture of engine valve parts.
Background technology
Background knowledge 1：Plasma surfacing is that alloy powder is added rapidly by the high temperature produced with plasma arc with mother metal surface
Heat together fusing, mixing, diffusion, solidification, plasma arc powder surfacing have matrix mother metal high with alloy-layer bond strength.Overlay cladding
Dense structure, can be greatly improved the anti-corrosion and wearability of product.Mother metal is few with the dilution of build-up welding alloy material, changes in material properties
It is little.Built-up welding conforming product rate is high, and plasma arc powder surfacing has higher productivity ratio, and weld deposit process is easily achieved machinery
Change and automatization.
Background knowledge 2：According to engine valve production technology, conventional engine valve stem small end built-up welding position diameter phi 5
～φ 7, it is desirable to which built-up welding is highly 1～3, heap weld groove balling-up hole shape, it is 0.5 or so that edge requirements retain mother metal thickness, alloy
Layer position is rod end center.Traditional oxygen-acetylene repairing temperature is at 2800～3200 DEG C or so, therefore keeps surfacing part shape
Shape is not easily by melting loss, and Conventional plasma arc has the characteristics of temperature is high, and electric current density is big, common plasma arc maximum temperature
Up to 10000～50000K, surfacing part pit shape meeting on valve stem small end bead-welding technology is directly used in
By melting loss easily, it is impossible to keep surfacing part shape.According to the thermal power densities formula of electrical conductor：P=I2I in × R formulas-
Electric current density (A/cm2), R-be conductivity (Ω) can be seen that from formula, thermal power densities and electric current density square into just
Than.Therefore just precise control must be carried out by article on plasma electric current first to control built-up welding temperature.
Technology before the present invention：It has often been said that electromotor is the heart of automobile, then valve is exactly electromotor
Heart, engine breathing door valve stem small end in the course of work is opened to be subject the frequent percussion of rocking arm or tappet and be rubbed
Wipe, the percussion power that general diesel engine spiracle bar small end bears can reach 700～800MPa, thereby result in the morning of valve stem small end
Phase abrasion is one of canonic form of valve failure, therefore some high-end engine valves are just distinctly claimed valve stem small end at present
Built-up welding StelliteN0.1 alloy materials, this alloy material is needed to have high wearability and resistance to impact, all the time each valve
Manufacturing enterprise be all using by the alloy material of cylinder bar shape by oxygen-acetylene repairing to valve stem small end (referring to figure
2), although oxygen-acetylene repairing technique be a very ripe welding procedure, but it does not tightly need have very high skill to welding personnel
Can require, and its production efficiency is also very low, is not suitable with automated production, just talk relative to the enterprise of valve is produced in enormous quantities
Need to put into substantial amounts of professional built-up welding personnel, this produces very big recruitment pressure to enterprise in labour force's today in short supply, causes
Personnel's technical ability that enterprise recruits is uneven, and product built-up welding percent defective is very high, according to the qualitative data analysis of my company's more than ten years,
The product percent defective that this valve small end bead-welding technology is caused typically 4% or so, causes very big to enterprise's production capacity control
Pressure.In addition, referring to accompanying drawing 1, the figure is oxygen-acetylene repairing alloy structure metallograph, can be clearly seen that alloy material is gentle
There is obvious boundary between door material.
The content of the invention
Present invention aim to address the Welding Problems of valve stem small end.
The technical scheme adopted to realize the object of the invention is a kind of such, valve stem small end plasma surfacing side
Method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
1) valve stem is made, the small end of the valve stem has ball-and-socket.
2) valve stem is sent to below the welding gun of plasma surfacing machine, valve along bar axle central rotation, while wait from
Sub- welding gun declines, it is to be welded during progressively at the uniform velocity lifted again.
3) distance of the welding gun and the valve stem small end that adjust the plasma surfacing machine is a, starts striking.
4) distance of the welding gun and the valve stem small end that adjust the plasma surfacing machine is b, starts built-up welding.
5) welding gun of the adjustment adjustment plasma surfacing machine and the distance of the valve stem small end are c, stop built-up welding.Treat
After the cooling of valve stem small end, valve stem is removed, overlay-operation is completed.
Further, step 3) in, when starting striking, initial time section t1, current rise time section are followed successively by from front to back
t2.Wherein the electric current of initial time section t1 is I1, and in current rise time section t2, electric current gradually rises to I2 by I1.
Further, step 4) in, when starting built-up welding, it is divided into front time period t 3, rear time period t 4 and downslope time section
T5, wherein, the electric current of front time period t 3 is I2 with the size of current of rear time period t 4.In downslope time section t5, electric current
Zero is gradually decreased to by I2.The powder sending quantity of front time period t 3 is S1.The powder sending quantity of time period t 4 is S2 afterwards.
Further, step 5) in, cool time is t6.
Further, step 4) start before, powder feed system time delay (preheating) is T.
Further, step 4) terminate after, powder feed system time delay (insulation) is T.
What deserves to be explained is, in order to control built-up welding temperature, article on plasma electric current of the present invention carries out precise control.Institute's built-up welding
Alloy-layer has 1～3 requirement for height, therefore welding gun necessarily requires to have the process of an at the uniform velocity Synchronous lifting in weld deposit process,
And must be to powder sending quantity precise control.In order to ensure that hardfacing alloy layer can in rod end center, and be follow-up valve stem
Face of cylinder centreless grinding one good processing conditions of offer just must must not have overlap in built-up welding rod end alloy on the bar face of cylinder
Produce, it is therefore preferred that requiring that valve need to be along shaft centre line synchronous rotary during built-up welding.
The solution have the advantages that mathematical：
1st, in order to can guarantee that the accuracy and stability of plasma gun and valve rod end relative position, present invention employs
The servo-controlled motor of MIT's production coordinates high accuracy screw mandrel and line slideway, makes welding gun synchronous uniform velocity in built-up welding
Lifted, it is ensured that the height of hardfacing alloy.
2nd, in order to valve synchronous in built-up welding can be rotated along central axis synchronous uniform velocity, the present invention devises two O-shaped axles
Make and rotate to drive valve at the uniform velocity to rotate by synchronous roller for V-type supporting mechanism after valve stem periphery is clamped.
3rd, in order to the technological parameters such as the electric current in article on plasma built-up welding, powder sending quantity, air-flow carry out precise control, the present invention is adopted
With micro-plasma welding equipment, and Mitsubishi PLC control system is matched, electric current can have been carried out accurate in the range of 0.5A
Control, while carrying out adjustable design according to hardfacing alloy molten bath practical situation, it is ensured that valve stem small end hardfacing alloy position shape
Shape can not had very high bond strength and densification built-up welding tissue while melting loss, and the present invention is capable of achieving tradition oxy-acetylene
Bead-welding technology cannot accomplish it is full-automatic wait built-up welding, can be on duty through simple operationss training, can one man operation multiple devices, greatly
Amount reduces the skill set requirements to operator, while mitigating enterprise's pressure, and greatly reduces percent defective, through entering one
Production checking over year, valve rod end adopts percent defective position 0.2% or so after plasma surfacing technique, with traditional oxygen-acetylene repairing
Compare, this operation percent defective reduces 20 times, greatly reduce company management cost.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1：Air valve structure and built-up welding position view.
Fig. 2：Existing oxygen-acetylene repairing valve stem small end schematic diagram.
Fig. 3：Valve stem small end oxygen-acetylene repairing alloy structure metallograph.
Fig. 4：Valve stem small end plasma surfacing alloy structure metallograph.
In figure：Valve stem small end 1, hardfacing alloy layer 2, engine valve stem 3, Valve Disc 4.
Specific embodiment
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, but should not be construed above-mentioned theme of the invention
Scope is only limitted to following embodiments.Without departing from the idea case in the present invention described above, known according to ordinary skill
Know and customary means, make various replacements and change, all should include within the scope of the present invention.
A kind of valve stem small end plasma surfacing method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
1) referring to Fig. 1, the valve stem of making includes valve stem small end 1, engine valve stem 3 and Valve Disc 4., the valve
The small end of bar has ball-and-socket.This ball-and-socket will built-up welding StelliteN0.1 alloy materials (hardfacing alloy layer total height be 1～
3).The depth of this ball-and-socket is 1～1.8.
2) valve stem is sent to below the welding gun of plasma surfacing machine, welding gun declines simultaneously.In the present embodiment, adopt
Automation control system, is sent to valve stem to be processed below welding gun automatically.After the completion for the treatment of built-up welding, automatically valve stem is sent
Walk, and send next valve stem to be processed.
3) distance of the welding gun and the valve stem small end that adjust the plasma surfacing machine is 1.2, starts striking.Start
During striking, initial time section t1=0.1s, current rise time section t2=0.8s are followed successively by from front to back.Wherein initial time section
The electric current of t1 is I1=22A, and in current rise time section t2, electric current gradually rises to I2=29A by I1.It is in embodiment, alleged
Welding gun and valve small end distance, electric current be the parameter of surfacing equipment, can be controlled using automatic control system.
4) distance of the welding gun and the valve stem small end that adjust the plasma surfacing machine is 3, starts built-up welding.Start heap
During weldering, it is divided into front time period t 3=1s and rear time period t 4=1s, wherein, the electricity of the electric current of front time period t 3 and rear time period t 4
Stream size is I2.
Afterwards time period t 4 terminate after, followed by downslope time section t5=1s in, electric current gradually decreases to zero by I2.
The powder sending quantity of front time period t 3 is S1=6.6 Grams Per Minutes.The powder sending quantity of time period t 4 is S2=8.8 Grams Per Minutes afterwards.In embodiment, institute
Welding gun and valve small end distance, powder sending quantity be called surfacing equipment parameter, can set.
5) welding gun of the adjustment adjustment plasma surfacing machine and the distance of the valve stem small end are 5.8, stop built-up welding.
After the cooling of valve stem small end, valve stem is removed, overlay-operation is completed.
Preferably, valve stem is rotated in weld deposit process.In addition, step 4) start before, powder feed system time delay (is preheated)
For T=0.1s.Step 4) terminate after, powder feed system time delay (insulation) is T=0.1s.
What deserves to be explained is, the metallograph such as Fig. 4 for the valve stem small end welded according to the present embodiment.Significantly can see
Arrive, alloy is obscured, interpenetrated with the boundary of valve material, which has good mechanical property.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of valve stem small end plasma surfacing method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
1) valve stem for making includes valve stem small end (1), engine valve stem (3) and Valve Disc (4)；
The small end of the valve stem has ball-and-socket；The ball-and-socket will built-up welding StelliteN0.1 alloy materials；
The hardfacing alloy layer total height is 1～3；The depth of the ball-and-socket is 1～1.8；
2) valve stem is sent to below the welding gun of plasma surfacing machine, welding gun declines simultaneously；
3) distance of the welding gun and valve stem small end that adjust the plasma surfacing machine is 1.2, starts striking；
When starting striking, initial time section t1=0.1s, current rise time section t2=0.8s are followed successively by from front to back；
Wherein the electric current of initial time section t1 is I1=22A, and in current rise time section t2, electric current gradually rises to I2=by I1
29A；
4) distance of the welding gun and the valve stem small end that adjust the plasma surfacing machine is 3, starts built-up welding；
Start built-up welding when, be divided into front time period t 3=1s and rear time period t 4=1s, wherein, the electric current of front time period t 3 with it is rear when
Between the size of current of section t4 be I2；
Afterwards time period t 4 terminate after, followed by downslope time section t5=1s in, electric current gradually decreases to zero by I2；
The powder sending quantity of front time period t 3 is S1=6.6 Grams Per Minutes；The powder sending quantity of time period t 4 is S2=8.8 Grams Per Minutes afterwards；
The step 4) start before, powder feed system time delay be T=0.1s；Step 4) terminate after, powder feed system time delay be T=
0.1s；
5) distance of the welding gun and the valve stem small end that adjust the plasma surfacing machine is 5.8, stops built-up welding；Treat valve stem
After small end cooling, valve stem is removed, overlay-operation is completed；The valve stem is rotated in weld deposit process.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510127509.7A CN104722903B (en) | 2015-03-23 | 2015-03-23 | A kind of valve stem small end plasma surfacing method |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510127509.7A CN104722903B (en) | 2015-03-23 | 2015-03-23 | A kind of valve stem small end plasma surfacing method |
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| CN104722903A CN104722903A (en) | 2015-06-24 |
| CN104722903B true CN104722903B (en) | 2017-04-05 |
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Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105345242B (en) * | 2015-12-03 | 2017-08-15 | 哈尔滨电气动力装备有限公司 | Core main pump motor axle sleeve stiffening layer plasma spray welding technology |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4104505A (en) * | 1976-10-28 | 1978-08-01 | Eaton Corporation | Method of hard surfacing by plasma torch |
| JPS5380348A (en) * | 1976-12-25 | 1978-07-15 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Plasma padding welding method |
| JP2729247B2 (en) * | 1990-06-26 | 1998-03-18 | フジオーゼックス株式会社 | Overlay welding method of overlay material to engine valve etc. |
| CN1916376A (en) * | 2006-08-30 | 2007-02-21 | 镇江维纳特气门有限公司 | Method for fabricating sealing surface of air valve |
| CN101941116B (en) * | 2010-09-07 | 2012-05-23 | 济南海通焊接技术有限公司 | Double-pulse all-position plasma welding machine |
| CN102601507A (en) * | 2012-03-22 | 2012-07-25 | 镇江维纳特气门有限公司 | Plasma surfacing welding method of air valve |
| CN204183093U (en) * | 2014-10-21 | 2015-03-04 | 南京国际船舶设备配件有限公司 | A kind of valve stem end face build-up welding apparatus |
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| ASS | Succession or assignment of patent right |
Owner name: ZHAO MAOXING Free format text: FORMER OWNER: CHONGQING DADONG LONGTENG AUTOMOBILE + MOTORCYCLE VALVE MANUFACTURING CO., LTD. Effective date: 20150909 |
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Effective date of registration: 20150909 Address after: 400000 Chongqing city Bishan District Road No. 368 Jin Jian Street Bi Cheng Applicant after: Zhao Maoxing Address before: 402760 No. 368 Jin Jian Road, Bishan County, Chongqing Applicant before: Chongqing great Dong is grand rises automobile and motorcycle valve Manufacturing Co., Ltd |
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