CN104716290A - 电池组件和包括电池组件的混合电动车辆 - Google Patents

电池组件和包括电池组件的混合电动车辆 Download PDF

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CN104716290A
CN104716290A CN201410483116.5A CN201410483116A CN104716290A CN 104716290 A CN104716290 A CN 104716290A CN 201410483116 A CN201410483116 A CN 201410483116A CN 104716290 A CN104716290 A CN 104716290A
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battery
relay
protection switch
switched
hybrid electric
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CN104716290B (zh
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全伦哲
徐正勋
李容真
林海圭
朴真豪
崔埈硕
方俊镐
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Hyundai Motor Co
Kia Corp
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Kia Motors Corp
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    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
    • B60L3/0046—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to electric energy storage systems, e.g. batteries or capacitors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
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    • H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H02J7/0031—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits using battery or load disconnect circuits
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    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
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    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/24—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
    • B60L58/25—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries by controlling the electric load
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/24—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of energy storage means
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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    • H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
    • H01M50/574—Devices or arrangements for the interruption of current
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    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
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Abstract

本发明公开了电池组件和包括电池组件的混合电动车辆。提供了安装在混合电动车辆上的防止由过度充电引起的热失控的电池组件。该电池组件包括具有多个电池单元的电池和与该电池相对布置的保护开关。继电器被配置为根据保护开关的操作接通或断开，以及PRA(功率继电器组件)连接在继电器与电池之间。

Description

电池组件和包括电池组件的混合电动车辆
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2013年12月12日向韩国知识产权局提交的韩国专利申请第10-2013-0154972号的优先权和权益，其全部内容通过引用结合于此。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种电池组件。更具体地，本发明涉及一种安装在混合电动车辆上的防止因过度充电引起的热失控(thermal runaway，热逸溃)的电池组件。
背景技术
通常，高压电池作为电源用于混合电动车辆或电动车辆中。高压电池根据电池的必需容量通过串联连接约50至100个电池单元以一个组(pack)的形式安装在车辆上。当电池单元过度充电时，由于电池单元的内部温度逐渐升高并且置于电池单元的正电极和负电极之间的隔膜的孔关闭，电池单元出现膨胀。然后电池单元的内部温度继续升高，引起热失控。因此，具有电池组的混合电动车辆可能引发安全问题。
特别地，当电机生成高于电池容量的再生制动量时，混合电动车辆应防止电池的过度充电。根据常规技术，当电池单元出现膨胀时，电池可以通过阻断(breaking)极耳(lead tab)来防止过度充电。然而，当电池单元具有很高的容量时极耳会变厚，因此阻断电池单元的极耳成为问题。当极耳不被阻断时，根据电池单元内的化学反应会出现热失控。
该部分公开的以上信息仅是用于加深对发明的背景技术的理解，并因此该部分可能包含没有形成该国中本领域的普通技术人员所熟知的现有技术的信息。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种电池组件和包括该电池组件的混合电动车辆，该电池组件具有防止因过度充电引起热失控的优点。
本发明的一个示例性实施方式提供了一种电池组件，该电池组件可包括：包括多个电池单元(cell，电芯)的电池；布置成与该电池相对的保护开关；被配置为根据该保护开关的操作来接通或断开的继电器；以及连接在继电器与电池之间的PRA(功率继电器组件)。
当由于电池过度充电出现膨胀时，保护开关可被配置为接通并且继电器可被配置为断开。保护开关的一端可连接至输入输出端，并且继电器可连接在PRA与输入输出端之间。保护开关的另一端可连接至继电器的电感器的一端，电感器的另一端可连接至接地，而且当电流由于保护开关接通而流过电感器时，继电器可被配置为断开。
本发明的另一个示例性实施方式提供了一种混合电动车辆，该混合电动车辆可包括被配置为动力源(power source)的电机和连接至该电机的电池组件，而且该电池组件可包括：包括多个电池单元的电池、布置成与该电池相对的保护开关、被配置为根据该保护开关的操作来接通或断开的继电器、以及连接在继电器与电池之间的PRA(功率继电器组件)。
当由于电池过度充电出现膨胀时，保护开关可被配置为接通并且继电器可被配置为断开。根据再生制动通过从电机供给电力(power)对电池组件进行充电。保护开关的一端可连接至电机，并且继电器可连接在PRA与电机之间。保护开关的另一端可连接至继电器的电感器的一端，并且电感器的另一端可连接至接地。当电流由于保护开关接通而流过电感器时，继电器可被配置为断开。
附图说明
现在将参照下文中仅通过实例说明给出的附图所说明的本发明的某些示例性实施方式，详细描述本发明的以上和其他特征，并因此不限制本发明，其中：
图1是根据本发明的示例性实施方式的电池组件的示例性示意电路图；
图2是根据本发明的示例性实施方式的其中发生由于过度充电引起膨胀的电池的示例性示意电路图；
图3是根据本发明的示例性实施方式的电池组件的示例性示图；以及
图4是根据本发明的示例性实施方式的应用电池组件的混合电动车辆***的示例性框图。
具体实施方式
应当理解，本文中所使用的术语“车辆(vehicle)”或“车辆的(vehicular)”或其他类似术语包括广义的机动车辆，诸如包括运动型多用途车辆(SUV)、公共汽车、卡车、各种商用车辆的载客车辆；包括各种小船、海船的船只；航天器等；并且包括混合动力车辆、插电式混合动力车、氢动力车辆和其他替代燃料车辆(例如，燃料来源于非汽油能源)，如本文所指，混合动力车辆是具有两种或以上动力源的车辆，例如，汽油动力和电动力车辆。
本文中所使用的措辞仅是为了描述特定实施方式而并不旨在对本发明进行限制。除非上下文另有明确说明，否则如本文中所使用的单数形式“一(a)”、“一(an)”及“该”也旨在包括复数形式。还应当理解，当术语“包括”和/或“包含”用于本说明书时，其描述了存在所述特征、整体、步骤、操作、元件及/或组件，但并不排除存在或附加有一个或多个其它特征、整体、步骤、操作、元件、组件及/或其组合。作为本文中所用的术语“和/或”包括一个或多个相关的所列项的任何及所有组合。
尽管示例性实施方式被描述为使用多个单元来执行示例性处理，但是应当理解，也可由一个或者多个模块执行该示例性处理。此外，应当理解，术语控制器/控制单元指代包括存储器和处理器的硬件设备。存储器被配置为对模块进行存储，并且处理器具体地被配置为执行所述模块以执行下面进一步描述的一个或多个处理。
进一步地，本发明的控制逻辑可体现为非暂存性计算机可读介质，在计算机可读介质上包含由处理器、控制器/控制单元等执行的可执行程序指令。计算机可读介质的实例包括但并不限于：ROM、RAM、光盘(CD)-ROM、磁带、软盘、闪存驱动、智能卡和光学数据存储设备。计算机可读介质也可分布在网络耦合的计算机***中，从而以分布式方式存储并且例如由远程信息管理服务器(telematics server)或控制器局域网络(CAN)执行该计算机可读介质。
在以下具体说明中，简单通过图示的方式仅示出并描述了本发明的某些示例性实施方式。如本领域的技术人员所理解的，在决不背离本发明的实质或范围的情况下，可用不同的方式对所描述的示例性实施方式进行修改。因此，附图和说明从本质上被认为是说明性的且非限制性的。通篇说明书，相同参考标号指代相同的元件。
通篇说明书和权利要求遵循，当描述成元件“耦接”至另一元件时，该元件可能“直接耦接”至其他元件或者通过第三元件“电耦接”至其他元件。此外，除非另有明确的相反说明，否则词语“包括”及诸如“包含”或“含有”等变形将被理解为暗指包括所述的元件但并不排除任何其它元件。
在本说明书和权利要求中，应当感激，电动车辆包括使用电力作为动力源的所有车辆，例如，插电式混合动力车辆(PHEV)或使用电力作为动力源的一部分的混合动力车辆(HEV)、以及使用电力作为整个动力源的电动车辆(EV)。
下文中，将参考附图详细描述本发明的示例性实施方式。图1是根据本发明的示例性实施方式的电池组件的示例性示意电路图。
根据本发明的示例性实施方式的电池组件1可包括：保护开关10、继电器20、PRA(功率继电器组件)30、和电池40。电池40可包括串联连接的多个电池单元C1-Cn。电池组件1的输入输出端I/O可连接至保护开关10和继电器20。保护开关10可被布置为与电池40相对且电池开关10可被配置为当电池40出现膨胀时接通。例如，保护开关10和电池40之间的距离可根据由过度充电引起的膨胀的程度来确定。特别地，保护开关10可被设计成通过电池40推动，并且当电池40的体积根据膨胀增加了预定阈值时接通。保护开关10的一端(如第一端)可连接至输入输出端I/O，而且保护开关10的另一端(如第二端)可连接至继电器20的电感器L的一端(如第一端)。
当电流流动通过电感器L时继电器20可被断开，并且当电流被阻止流动通过电感器L时继电器20可被接通。继电器20的一端T1(如第一端)可连接至输入输出端I/O，而且继电器20的另一端T2(如第二端)可连接至PRA 30。电感器L的另一端(如第二端)可连接至接地。因此，继电器20可根据保护开关10的切换操作被接通或断开。保护开关10可由控制器操作。
PRA 30可包括多个继电器组件，例如，充电继电器和主触点继电器等。当充电继电器接通时，电池40可通过从车辆的交流发电机提供的电流进行充电。当主触点继电器接通时，电池40可连接至车辆的电源设备(未示出)，诸如逆变器或转换器，为车辆提供电力。因此，车辆的电源设备可被配置为从电池40接收电力。
电池40可通过PRA 30通过从外部提供的电流进行充电，或者可通过PRA 30供电。虽然图1中未示出，但是PRA 30可由电池管理***(例如电池管理***的控制器)操作。然而，本发明的示例性实施方式不限于此，而且即使在图1中未示出，但没有PRA 30的情况下电力仍然可被输入或输出。当保护开关10由于电池40膨胀而被接通时，电流可流动通过电感器L，从而继电器20可被断开。PRA 30然后可进入开路状态。此外，输入输出端I/O可通过保护开关10连接至接地。
因此，即使由再生制动产生的充电电流流至电池组件1，根据本发明的示例性实施方式的电池组件1也不能被充电。在电池40处于正常状态(如没有出现过度充电时)继电器20可被接通且保护开关10可被断开，以允许电池40根据PRA 30的操作进行操作。例如，电池40可通过经由继电器20和PRA 30提供的电流进行充电。
图2是遭受由于过度充电引起的膨胀的电池的示例性示意电路图。如图2所示，由于电池40'遭受由过度充电引起的膨胀，所以保护开关10可被接通。继电器20然后可被断开且PRA 30可进入开路状态，以阻断来自电池40的电流输出。因此，输入输出端I/O可连接至接地。
图3是根据本发明的示例性实施方式的电池组件的示例图。如图3所示，保护开关10可安装至电池40的终板41。当电池40出现膨胀时，由于膨胀的加载(load)，安装在电池40的终板41上的保护开关10可被接通。为更好地理解本发明，如图1示出的布置成与电池单元的正极和负极的相对的保护开关10可以是示例性实施方式。因此，考虑到由电池过度充电引起的膨胀的方向，可多样地布置保护开关10。
图4示出了根据本发明的示例性实施方式的应用电池组件的混合电动车辆***的示例性框图。混合电动车辆100可包括：电池组件1、电机2、发动机3、发动机离合器4、和传动装置5。
电池组件1可连接至电机2，为电机2提供电力。电池组件1可通过从电机2生成的再生电力进行充电。如图1示出的输入输出端I/O可连接至电机2。此外，当由于电池组件1的过度充电出现膨胀时，电池组件1的保护开关10可阻断充电。电机2可通过轴25机械连接至传动装置5，以将从电机2输出的动力传动至传动装置5。从发动机3输出的动力可经由发动机离合器4传动至传动装置5。传动装置5可连接至驱动轴101且传动装置可被配置为将动力传动至与车辆的车轮连接的驱动轴101。
根据参照附图的本发明的示例性实施方式，本发明提供了电池组件和可通过检测电池的膨胀阻断充电的混合电动车辆。然而，在常规技术中，当电池单元出现膨胀时，电池可通过阻断极耳来防止过度充电。然而，低于预设温度不会出现用于阻断极耳的气压。因此，虽然高于预设温度时会出现足够的气压，但是由于电池单元的隔膜因高温而熔化，电池单元内的电极之间出现短路。因此，现有技术存在热失控和安全问题。
本发明的示例性实施方式并不要求阻断极耳的气压，而是仅要求用于接通保护开关的体积膨胀。因此，根据本发明的示例性实施方式，可消除在低温下不能阻断极耳的问题。
尽管已经结合目前所被视为示例性实施方式的内容描述了本发明，应当理解，发明不仅限于公开的示例性实施方式，相反地，而是旨在涵盖包括在所附权利要求书的主旨和范围内的各种变形和等同配置。
符号说明
100：混合电动车辆
1：电池组件
2：电机
3：发动机
4：发动机离合器
5：传动装置
10：保护开关
20：继电器
30：PRA(功率继电器组件)
40：电池
C1-Cn：电池单元。

Claims (7)

1.一种电池组件，包括：
电池，包括多个电池单元；
保护开关，布置成与所述电池相对；
继电器，被配置为根据所述保护开关的操作来接通或断开；以及
功率继电器组件(PRA)，连接在所述继电器与所述电池之间，
其中，当由于所述电池的过度充电发生膨胀时，所述保护开关被接通且所述继电器被断开。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电池组件，其中，所述保护开关的第一端连接至输入输出端，并且所述继电器连接在所述PRA与所述输入输出端之间。
3.根据权利要求2所述的电池组件，其中，所述保护开关的第二端连接至所述继电器的电感器的第一端，所述电感器的第二端连接至接地，并且当由于所述保护开关被接通而使电流流动通过所述电感器时，所述继电器被断开。
4.一种混合电动车辆，包括：
电机，被配置为动力源；以及
电池组件，连接至所述电机，其中，所述电池组件包括：
电池，包括多个电池单元，
保护开关，布置成与所述电池相对，
继电器，被配置为根据所述保护开关的操作来接通或断开，以及
功率继电器组件(PRA)，连接在所述继电器与所述电池之间，其中，当由于所述电池的过度充电发生膨胀时，所述保护开关被接通且所述继电器被断开。
5.根据权利要求4所述的混合电动车辆，其中，根据再生制动通过从所述电机提供的电力对所述电池组件进行充电。
6.根据权利要求4所述的混合电动车辆，其中，所述保护开关的第一端连接至所述电机，并且所述继电器连接在所述PRA与所述电机之间。
7.根据权利要求4所述的混合电动车辆，其中，所述保护开关的第二端连接至所述继电器的电感器的第一端，所述电感器的第二端连接至接地，并且当由于所述保护开关被接通而使电流流动通过所述电感器时，所述继电器被断开。
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