CN104713645B - It is a kind of at the same measure HF rotate temperature and vibration level population distribution method - Google Patents
It is a kind of at the same measure HF rotate temperature and vibration level population distribution method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of while measure the method that HF rotates temperature and the distribution of vibration level population, it is that a kind of utilization linear mapping method measures the new method that HF molecules rotate temperature and the distribution of vibration level population based on spontaneous radiation fluorescence spectroscopy technique simultaneously.Present invention is mainly applied to HF chemical laser testing and diagnosing technical fields, rotation temperature and vibrational population distribution can simultaneously be measured, only need to HF fundamental frequency spontaneous radiations fluorescence spectrum each and shake turn P branch the intensity of spectral line of bands of a spectrum and mapped after simply treatment, with it is simple and convenient, directly perceived accurately, Noninvasive the features such as.Using the present invention, it is possible to achieve quickly measured while HF chemical laser transfer dynamic temperatures and vibration excited state each energy level population distribution.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of measurement diagnostic techniques of HF chemical lasers, specifically a kind of HF that measures simultaneously is rotated
Temperature and the method for vibration level population distribution.The HF fundamental transition spokes obtained using FTIS measurement
Penetrate spectrum, can be used for monitor HF molecules rotation temperature T and v=1, the population distribution situation of 2,3 grade vibration excited states,
So as to monitor the behavior in service of HF chemical lasers.
Background technology
Since First chemical laser in 1964 comes out, the development of chemical laser can be rated as advances by leaps and bounds, speed
Surprising, wherein especially the most ripe with the development of HF chemical lasers, continuous wave output power is up to the U.S. Alpha of MW ranks
HF chemical lasers had once been once the synonyms of laser weapon.
The main operating principle of HF chemical lasers is as follows：
(1) compound containing F is pyrolyzed generation F atom in a combustion chamber, it is also possible to have a small amount of F2Molecule, in addition, passing through
F atom is likely to compound generation F during nozzle2Molecule；
(2) F atom from nozzle out and the H for adding2Molecule reacts, and produces the HF molecules of vibration excited state
(being represented with HF (v)), F+H2→ HF (v)+H, the thermal discharge of this reaction is smaller (31.5kcal/mol), is referred to as cold reaction, produces
The vibrational quantum number highest of thing HF molecules can arrive v=3；
(3) H atom meeting and the F again for producing2There is cold reaction in molecule, produce the HF molecules of vibration excited state (to use HF (v) table
Show), H+F2→ HF (v)+F, the caloric value of this reaction is very big (98.0kcal/mol), is referred to as thermal response, product HF molecules
Vibrational quantum number highest can arrive v=10；
(4) according to Einstein's stimulated radiation principle, there is resonance in vibration excited state molecule HF (v) in optical cavity, produce
Laser.
In order to understand the operation conditions of HF chemical lasers in depth, it is necessary to gas flow rate, cavity pressure, optical cavity temperature
The operational factors such as degree, the population distribution of each vibrational states of HF measure diagnosis.Because HF chemical lasers are general all in supersonic speed
Under the conditions of operate, therefore the intrusive mood thermometry of routine has serious influence to supersonic flow field, is not suitable for HF chemistry
The temperature test in laser flow field.The characteristics of optical means is due to Noninvasive, so being adapted to this measurement occasion the most.
In addition, general temperature survey or population distribution measuring are all individually carried out, seldom the two is combined, this
Sample can cause to need the phenomenon that experiment is repeated several times, and this can not only cause the waste of material, when can also cause valuable experiment
Between waste.
The present invention exactly in this context, fully take into account each radiation spectrum bands of HF characteristic and a kind of measurement for designing
The technology that HF rotates temperature and the distribution of vibration level population is measured simultaneously.The general principle of the technology is as follows：
Iv,J=hc ωv,JAv,JNv,J (1)
Difference is shaken and turns the intensity of transition radiation and can be represented with formula (1), and wherein h is Planck constants, and c is the light velocity,
ωv,JIt is transition wave number, Av,JIt is Einstein Spontaneous Emission Coefficients, Nv,JIt is the population density of transition of shaking (v, J).
Each rotating state population distribution of HF molecular vibration states meets the distribution of rotation thermal balance, and (Boltzmann's distribution is fixed
Rule), the population density of each transition of shaking can be represented with formula (2), wherein NvIt is the population density of vibrational state (v), gv,J
It is the degeneracy of transition of shaking (v, J), Ev,JIt is the rotational energy level of (v, J) state, k is Boltzmann constant, and T is gas temperature, QvFor
Rotational partition function.HF rotational partition functions can typically be expressed as：
The content of the invention
HF chemical lasers are measured simultaneously using linear mapping method it is an object of the invention to provide one kind rotates temperature and HF
The method of high vibration state population distribution.With it, can realize that measuring HF chemical lasers simultaneously rotates temperature and HF
High vibration state population is distributed, and then investigates the purpose of HF lasers combustion chamber and optical cavity operation conditions.
To realize the purpose of the present invention, we provide equation below：
(2) and (3) formula is substituted into (1) formula, and both sides are taken the logarithm, then can obtained：
OrderCan be obtained by formula (4)：
Using formula (5), the intensity distribution situation of the different rotational lines according to 1-0 vibrational bands system, by a series of
Mapped after treatment, straight line can be obtained, the negative of its slope is exactly temperature T.
OrderCan be obtained by formula (4)：
Y=-T-1x+JJv (6)
It can be seen that, y is linear with x, and its slope is-T-1, and intercept is then JJv。
According to 1-0, the intensity distribution situation of the different rotational lines of tri- vibrational band systems of 2-1,3-2, by a series of
Mapped after treatment, three straight lines can be obtained, the slope per straight line is essentially identical, but its intercept differs greatly,
It is respectively labeled as JJ1、JJ2And JJ3。
Intercept situation according to different straight lines can be obtained by the ratio between population distribution of different vibrational states, due to BvChange
Less, therefore specific formula for calculation is：
In order to realize the purpose of the present invention, specific technical scheme is：
It is a kind of while measuring the method that HF rotates temperature and the distribution of vibration level population, the method comprises the following steps：
(1) measurement and treatment of HF fundamental radiations spectrum.
(2) the R branch data mapping to (1-0) obtains straight line, and the rotation temperature of HF molecules is obtained using the slope of straight line
Degree.
(3) to 1-0, the P branch data mapping of tri- vibrational bands of 2-1,3-2 obtains three straight lines, using different straight lines
Intercept obtains the population distribution situation of the vibration levels such as HF molecules v=1,2,3.
In the step (1), HF fundamental radiation spectral measurements are carried out using FTIS, measure HF and shake
The spontaneous radiation fluorescence spectrum of dynamic excited state molecule, mainly v=1, the fundamental radiation transition of the vibrational states such as 2,3, the light of generation
Spectrum bands of a spectrum include 1-0,2-1,3-2.
The specific steps that data processing is carried out to the spectrogram of gained include：
(1) the R branch and P branch the intensity of spectral line I of each vibrational band are readv,J；
(2) formula is utilizedThe amount of obtaining Ln (I/wag), wherein Iv,JIt is the intensity of spectral line, ωv,JIt is transition
Wave number, Av,JIt is Einstein Spontaneous Emission Coefficients, gv,JIt is upper degeneracy of energy level degree；
(3) formula is utilizedThe amount of obtaining hcFu/ k, wherein h are Planck's constant, and c is the light velocity, and k is that Boltzmann is normal
Number, Ev,JIt is rotational energy level.
It is that the R branch rotational lines to 1-0 vibrational bands are processed to obtain the step of HF molecules rotate temperature, to measure
hcFu/ k rejects two data points of R0 and R1 to amount Ln (I/wag) mapping, and fitting a straight line is carried out to remaining data point, obtains
The negative value of slope be exactly to rotate temperature T.
The step of obtaining HF molecules v=1, the population distribution situation of the vibration levels such as 2,3 is, to 1-0,2-1,3-2 tri-
After the P branch data of individual vibrational band are processed, to measure Ln (I/wag) to amount hcFu/ k maps, and obtains three straight lines, rejects aobvious
Work does not meet the data point of rule, and fitting a straight line is carried out respectively to remaining data point, then the intercept according to every two straight lines is poor
Value just knows the ratio between population of their corresponding vibration levels.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
1st, the present invention measures HF fundamental radiation (Δ v=1) spectrum by using FTIS, then right
Spectroscopic data carries out the linear mapping treatment of uniqueness, and the final HF molecules that obtain simultaneously rotate temperature and v=1, the grain of the vibrational states such as 2,3
Subnumber distribution situation.Can obtain temperature and population distribution results by once testing, when saving test material and experiment
Between.
2nd, the present invention use linear mapping method, each appropriate data point is used, and eliminate some due to
Atmospheric Absorption or error in reading and the problematic data point that occurs, are effectively guaranteed the degree of accuracy of measurement result.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is operating process schematic diagram of the invention.
Wherein, 1-HF chemical lasers experimental provision；2- FTISs；3- spectrometer detection systems pair
The response coefficient correction of wavelength；The general frequency emission spectrum of 4-HF second；5- survey calculations obtain high vibration state HF populations distribution feelings
Condition.
Fig. 2 is HF fundamental radiation (Δ v=1) spectrum of collection in embodiments of the invention,
Wherein, PvJ represents (v, J-1) transition of shaking and is shaken to (v-1, J) radiation transistion of transition.
Fig. 3 is using the R branch spectral line of (1-0) bands of a spectrum map obtaining the process for rotating temperature, it can be seen that this reality
The rotation temperature about 689K for testing.
Abscissa is amount Ln (I/wag), and computing formula is
Wherein Iv,JIt is the intensity of spectral line, ωv,JIt is transition wave number, Av,JIt is Einstein Spontaneous Emission Coefficients, gv,JAbove
Level degeneracy.Ordinate is amount hcFu/ k, computing formula is Wherein h is Planck's constant, and c is the light velocity,
K is Boltzmann constant, Ev,JIt is rotational energy level.
Fig. 4 is using the P branch spectral line of three bands of a spectrum such as (1-0), (2-1), (3-2) map obtaining vibrational population point
The process of cloth.It can be seen that three straight lines are substantially parallel, illustrate that it is identical to rotate temperature.And from three intercepts of straight line
Can then show that population is distributed as N1:N2:N3=0.729:0.240:0.031.
Abscissa is amount hcFu/ k, computing formula is
Wherein, h is Planck's constant, and c is the light velocity, and k is Boltzmann constant, Ev,JIt is rotational energy level.Ordinate is amount Ln
(I/wag),
Computing formula is
Wherein, Iv,JIt is the intensity of spectral line, ωv,JIt is transition wave number, Av,JIt is Einstein Spontaneous Emission Coefficients, gv,JAbove
Level degeneracy.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
The example that HF rotates temperature and the distribution of vibration level population is once measured simultaneously.
According to the operating process of Fig. 1, concrete operation step is as follows：
Prepare before experiment：
The first step is corrected to the wavelength response degree of Fourier infrared spectrograph.
The wave-number range of Fourier infrared spectrograph is set to 3200-4500cm by second step-1, suitable diaphragm is set in addition
Size, it is ensured that spectral intensity it is maximum but will not supersaturation.
Experimentation：
3rd step opens slide valve, vacuumizes, and the HF chemical lasers experiment of laser is not gone out, i.e., only carry out combustion chemistry
Reaction sends fluorescent radiation；But be not in laser without hysteroscope.
4th step gathers HF fundamental radiation (Δ v=1) spectrum, and result to obtaining carries out responsiveness correction, obtains school
Spectrogram after just, as shown in Figure 2.
Experimental result：
5th step props up the P of the vibrational transition bands of a spectrum such as 1-0,2-1,3-2 of HF and R branch spectral lines are separated, and reads its spectrum
Line marks each spectral signature of spectral line highly as the luminous intensity of the transition, as shown in Fig. 2 wherein PvJ is represented
(v, J-1) transition of shaking is shaken the radiation transistion of transition to (v-1, J).
6th step is mapped after the R branch the intensity of spectral line of (1-0) is carried out into a series for the treatment of, obtains the data point of some row, this
Data points is linear fine a bit, as shown in figure 3, can obtain temperature according to its slope after being fitted to these data points being
689K。
After P branch the intensity of spectral line of the vibrational transition bands of a spectrum such as (1-0), (2-1), (3-2) is carried out a series for the treatment of by the 7th step
Mapping, as shown in fig. 4, it can be seen that three data points of vibrational transition bands of a spectrum are located on three straight lines respectively, and linearly very
It is good, it is distributed as N according to its intercept and according to the population that formula (7) can obtain each vibrational state1:N2:N3=0.729:0.240:
0.031。
Claims (5)
1. a kind of while measuring the method that HF rotates temperature and vibration level population Relative distribution, it is characterised in that：The method
Comprise the following steps：
(1) measurement and treatment of HF fundamental radiations spectrum；
(2) the R branch data mapping to (1-0) obtains straight line, and the rotation temperature of HF molecules is obtained using the slope of straight line；
(3) to 1-0, the P branch data mapping of tri- vibrational bands of 2-1,3-2 obtains three straight lines, using the intercept of different straight lines
Obtain the population Relative distribution situation of the vibration levels such as HF molecules v=1,2,3.
2. according to a kind of while measuring the side that HF rotates temperature and vibration level population Relative distribution described in claim 1
Method, it is characterised in that：
In the step (1), HF fundamental radiation spectral measurements are carried out using FTIS, measure HF vibrations and swash
The spontaneous radiation fluorescence spectrum of state molecule is sent out, the spectral bands of generation include 1-0,2-1,3-2.
3. according to a kind of while measuring the side that HF rotates temperature and vibration level population Relative distribution described in claim 2
Method, it is characterised in that：
The specific steps that data processing is carried out to the spectrogram of gained include：
(1) the R branch and P branch the intensity of spectral line I of each vibrational band are readv,J；
(2) formula is utilizedThe amount of obtaining Ln (I/wag), wherein Iv,JIt is the intensity of spectral line, ωv,JIt is transition wave number,
Av,JIt is Einstein Spontaneous Emission Coefficients, gv,JIt is upper degeneracy of energy level degree；
(3) formula is utilizedThe amount of obtaining hcFu/ k, wherein h are Planck's constant, and c is the light velocity, and k is Boltzmann constant,
Ev,JIt is rotational energy level.
4. according to a kind of while measuring the side that HF rotates temperature and vibration level population Relative distribution described in claim 1
Method, it is characterised in that：
It is that the R branch rotational lines to 1-0 vibrational bands are processed, to measure hcF to obtain the step of HF molecules rotate temperatureu/ k pairs
Amount Ln (I/wag) mapping, rejects two data points of R0 and R1, and fitting a straight line is carried out to remaining data point, the slope for obtaining
Negative value is exactly to rotate temperature T.
5. according to a kind of while measuring the side that HF rotates temperature and vibration level population Relative distribution described in claim 1
Method, it is characterised in that：
The step of obtaining HF molecules v=1, the population Relative distribution situation of the vibration levels such as 2,3 is, to 1-0,2-1,3-2 tri-
After the P branch data of individual vibrational band are processed, to measure Ln (I/wag) to amount hcFu/ k maps, and obtains three straight lines, rejects aobvious
Work does not meet the data point of rule, and fitting a straight line is carried out respectively to remaining data point, then the intercept according to every two straight lines is poor
Value just knows the ratio between population of their corresponding vibration levels.
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