CN104713431B - A kind of smooth blasting method based on φ 32mm powder stick - Google Patents
A kind of smooth blasting method based on φ 32mm powder stick Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Based on a smooth blasting method for φ 32mm powder stick, to be included in the scope of operation punching and powder charge, and initiation process, the quick-fried layer of light arranges and is positioned at perimeter smooth blasting hole and arrange inner outer ring breaking hole by being positioned at the perimeter smooth blasting hole of outside closer to top boundary and arrange and form; Close coefficient m=1.25 ~ 1.43, perimeter smooth blasting hole; Powder charge in perimeter smooth blasting hole in the row of perimeter smooth blasting hole comprises the base charge being positioned at bottom and the branched middle part powder charge being positioned at hole different depth, and the explosive payload of described middle part powder charge is less than base charge; Between base charge with middle part powder charge, between middle part powder charge and middle part powder charge, spacing is identical, and the burst time of perimeter smooth blasting hole row is later than the outer ring breaking hole row burst time.The present invention reduces light quick-fried medicine string manufacturing procedure and rapidoprint; Save the quick-fried medicine of light and serially add expenses of labour and the fee of material such as bamboo chip, adhesive plaster, and effective control over-excavation, thus save a large amount of concrete backfills caused because backbreaking, reduce construction cost.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to engineering explosion technical field, relate to a kind of smooth Surface Blasting Technology, particularly a kind of smooth blasting method based on φ 32mm powder stick.
Background technology
At present, tunnel excavation controls outline excavation, mainly adopts photoface exploision, adopts bamboo chip colligation to make thin powder stick, the medicine string of such as 25 mm dia powder charges, loads light blast hole and ignites.
Along with the water power epoch after the enhancing of China's national power and domestic water power market access, increasing external water power and non-hydroelectric project have been contracted by domestic construction unit.Engineering construction abroad; especially in undeveloped country's constructions such as Africa; blast working commonly uses firer's material, goods and materials; because of a variety of causes, such as bamboo chip and thin powder charge often can occur that shortage such as maybe cannot to have bought at the situation; due to the problem of firer's material supply, the smooth demolition effect met the demands cannot be realized.
Summary of the invention
For ensureing the blasting quality of quick-fried of light when firer's material scarcity, the invention discloses a kind of smooth blasting method based on φ 32mm powder stick.
A kind of smooth blasting method based on φ 32mm powder stick of the present invention, is included in punching and powder charge in the scope of operation, and initiation process;
Described punching is specially: along the quick-fried layer of scope of operation boundary definition light, and the quick-fried layer of light arranges and is positioned at perimeter smooth blasting hole and arrange inner outer ring breaking hole by being positioned at the perimeter smooth blasting hole of outside closer to top boundary and arrange and form; Breaking hole row below, outer ring arranges keyhole array;
Close coefficient m=1.25 ~ 1.43, perimeter smooth blasting hole, described perimeter smooth blasting hole close coefficient m=E/W, E are the pitch-row in perimeter smooth blasting hole, and W is the quick-fried layer thickness of light;
Described powder charge is specially: the powder charge in the perimeter smooth blasting hole in the row of perimeter smooth blasting hole comprises the base charge being positioned at bottom and the branched middle part powder charge being positioned at hole different depth, and the explosive payload of described middle part powder charge is less than base charge; Between base charge with middle part powder charge, between middle part powder charge and middle part powder charge, spacing is identical; Also comprise the primacord stretching into connection base charge in perimeter smooth blasting hole from aperture, primacord connects base charge towards the one end at the bottom of hole;
Described perimeter smooth blasting hole, outer ring breaking hole are all perpendicular to the scope of operation;
After powder charge completes, perimeter smooth blasting hole is not clogged;
In described initiation process, the burst time of perimeter smooth blasting hole row is later than the outer ring breaking hole row burst time;
The burst time error in different perimeter smooth blasting hole is less than 2 milliseconds.
Preferably, the dose of described base charge is the twice of middle part powder charge dose.
Preferably, the quick-fried layer thickness of described light is 30-45 centimetre.
Concrete, described scope of operation top is arc, and except the perimeter smooth blasting hole row at scope of operation top, the inner side away from scope of operation border is also provided with breaking hole row, the burst time of described breaking hole row, the breaking hole of breaking hole row was perpendicular to the scope of operation early than the perimeter smooth blasting hole row burst time.
Further, described keyhole array comprises the arc slotting Confucius row being positioned at breaking hole row below, and described arc slotting Confucius row are 76 degree with the inclination angle of the scope of operation.
Preferably, described keyhole array is made up of the slotting Confucius row that many groups distribute for symmetry axis with scope of operation axis;
The dip angle of hole arranged the closer to the slotting Confucius of scope of operation axis is less, and drill hole density is larger, but dip angle of hole is all greater than 60 degree is less than 90 degree;
In described initiation process, the closer to scope of operation axis the keyhole burst time more early, the burst time of whole keyhole is all early than the burst time of breaking hole.
Further, the slotting Confucius defined near scope of operation axis is classified as main slotting Confucius row, described main slotting Confucius arranges and is made up of the first half and the latter half, and the main keyhole density of the latter half is greater than the first half, and the burst time of the latter half is early than the first half.
Preferably, the bottom outlet also comprised bottom the described scope of operation perpendicular to the scope of operation arranges, and the burst time of described bottom outlet row is later than perimeter smooth blasting hole row.
Preferably, load 3 sections of middle part powder charges in each perimeter smooth blasting hole, between base charge with middle part powder charge, between middle part powder charge and middle part powder charge, spacing is identical, all between 70-90 centimetre.
Adopt the smooth blasting method based on φ 32mm powder stick of the present invention, decrease light quick-fried medicine string manufacturing procedure and rapidoprint; Save the quick-fried medicine of light and serially add expenses of labour and the fee of material such as bamboo chip, adhesive plaster, and effective control over-excavation, thus save a large amount of concrete backfills caused because backbreaking, reduce construction cost.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is a kind of detailed description of the invention structural representation utilizing the present invention to carry out explosion punching;
Fig. 2 illustrates the concrete charging means schematic diagram of the one in perimeter smooth blasting hole of the present invention;
Fig. 3 illustrates the principle key diagram that in the present invention, light blast hole detonates simultaneously;
In figure, Reference numeral name is called: powder charge 7-primacord in the middle part of breaking hole 4-bottom outlet 5-base charge 6-in the breaking hole 2-perimeter smooth blasting hole 3-of 1-outer ring, and in Fig. 1, Fig. 2, the unit of each spacing is centimetre.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described in further detail.
In detailed description of the invention shown in Fig. 1, the scope of operation is one is the portal structures of arc for digging the top in tunnel, Fig. 1 the first half is punching schematic diagram, middle dotted line is scope of operation symmetry axis, and in Fig. 1, MS represents that other non-electric ms detonator of the different section of employing obtains different priming network design at corresponding hole place.
Be the quick-fried layer of light at the arc boundary at both walls boundary and top, the quick-fried layer thickness of light can get 35-45 centimetre, such as, get 40 centimetres in Fig. 1,45 ~ 55 centimetres of the quick-fried layer thickness hinge structure of light are reduced, after the quick-fried layer thickness of light reduces, the explosive charge energy that light quick-fried layer needs when peeling off also diminishes relatively, can to effectively reduce in light blast hole when explosive charge peels off light quick-fried layer the reaction force being retained rock mass, reduce blast gases at high pressure and act on the action time being retained rock mass, thus reduce the destruction being retained rock mass.The quick-fried layer of light by be positioned at the perimeter smooth blasting hole of outside closer to top boundary arrange and be positioned at the outer ring breaking hole closed in perimeter smooth blasting hole arrange between rock mass form, for ensureing blasting quality, because the relative routine techniques of the quick-fried layer thickness of light reduces, therefore perimeter smooth blasting hole close coefficient m is adjusted to 1.25 ~ 1.43, in the past conventional perimeter smooth blasting hole close coefficient 0.65 ~ 1.0; Increasing denseness coefficient can reduce the quick-fried layer thickness of light, thus reduces the difficulty of the quick-fried layer stripping of light, and perimeter smooth blasting hole close coefficient refers to the pitch-row E in perimeter smooth blasting hole and the ratio of the quick-fried layer thickness W of light.
Present invention employs the quick-fried layer thickness of the light different from conventional photoface exploision, design of smooth blasting typically hole in the past apart from being less than the quick-fried layer thickness of light, and present invention employs pitch-row and is greater than the quick-fried layer thickness of light.Improve light blast hole close coefficient in the present invention, reduce the quick-fried layer thickness W of light, its thickness is even less than light blast hole pitch-row E, as shown in Figure 3, and E > W > 0.5E.In order to avoid due to high section blasting cap initiation time interval error, one in adjacent smooth blast hole 1 and light blast hole 2 is caused to detonate in advance, suppose that light blast hole 1 is first quick-fried, when its stress wave propagates into the hole wall B of light blast hole 2 from the hole wall A of light blast hole 1, in light blast hole 2, explosive not yet detonates, stress wave superimposition can not be formed well between holes AB, and first between AB, form through crack, at this moment, the rock thickness that the stress wave of first quick-fried light blast hole 1 will puncture is two pitch of holes E, exceed the quick-fried layer thickness of light, because initial crack appears in the outside beeline of big gun hole wall, explosive charge concentration of energy may to be caused in first exposure blast hole 1 in the quick-fried layer direction of vertical light, in hole, CD goes out in direction, thus affect smooth demolition effect, therefore, in light blast hole, primacord is unified outside hole adopts primacord connection big gun, guarantee that all smooth blast holes detonate simultaneously.
Detonate in order to ensure perimeter smooth blasting hole, in hole, all perimeter smooth blasting holes, all adopt fuse arming test experiment initiation outside hole, the velocity of explosion of primacord is exceedingly fast, and explosion velocity per second is not less than 6 × 10 simultaneously
3m/s, perimeter smooth blasting hole adopts detonate two-way from both sides, and both walls adds crown curtailment 22m, the one-sided curtailment 11m that detonates, and therefore the maximum time difference is 11/6000=0.00183s=1.83ms, and visible error is minimum, can ensure to realize detonating completely simultaneously, in addition owing to improve big gun hole close coefficient m, reduce the quick-fried layer thickness of light, the requirement that light blast hole detonates simultaneously is improved further, we are usually in photoface exploision, non-electric ms detonator is adopted to detonate in perimeter smooth blasting hole explosive or adopt SARS millisecond detonator to play primacord in blast hole in hole, because non-electric ms detonator manufacture craft itself exists error, cause high section blasting cap initiation error larger, such as MS10 section detonator's error is positive and negative 35 milliseconds, therefore, detonate in our usually said perimeter smooth blasting hole simultaneously, in fact can due to the error of detonating of detonator itself, detonating between periphery hole is existence one timing difference, and in perimeter smooth blasting hole, primacord is all adopted to join big gun outside hole, such as only adopt the MS10 section detonator primacord that detonates from two ends but can greatly reduce detonating delay time, control within 2 milliseconds.
The present invention adopts in the direct load hole of powder stick of diameter comparatively large (relative 25 millimeters of powder sticks), and interval configuration, do not re-use traditional bamboo chip technology for binding, increase charge diameter.Powder charge in perimeter smooth blasting hole in the row of perimeter smooth blasting hole comprises the base charge being positioned at bottom and the branched middle part powder charge being positioned at hole different depth, in detailed description of the invention such as shown in Fig. 2, first primacord is inserted in a φ 32mm powder stick, at the bottom of tamper reverse push hand-hole, then push half φ 32mm powder stick at interval of 80cm, load three and half powder sticks altogether, adopt tamper to control light blast hole powder charge spacing, primacord takes unified even big gun outside hole, guarantees to detonate simultaneously.Tamper can be rod or bamboo bar, requires even thickness, and diameter is at about 25 ~ 30mm, and the general 3 ~ 4m of length, is mainly used in explosive to disclose in hand-hole.Primacord connects base charge towards the one end at the bottom of hole, to guarantee that bottom, hole explosive first detonates.
After powder charge completes, perimeter smooth blasting hole is not clogged, and allows the explosion energy of a part of explosive or primacord to release outside hole, alleviates the destruction of explosion wave to hole wall.In initiation process, the burst time of perimeter smooth blasting hole row is later than the outer ring breaking hole row burst time.
Can load 6 Ф 32mm emulsions in the breaking hole of outer ring continuously, 9 sections of non-electric ms detonators detonate, stemming length 60cm.So-called continuous charging refers between each emulsion very close to each other.
Perimeter smooth blasting hole and outer ring breaking hole are all perpendicular to the scope of operation;
Inside the quick-fried layer of light, be also provided with interior breaking hole arranges to carry out explosion to the rock mass below the quick-fried layer of light loose, and can load 7 Ф 32mm emulsions in interior breaking hole continuously, 8 sections of non-electric ms detonators detonate, stemming length 60cm.The burst time of described interior breaking hole row, described interior breaking hole was perpendicular to the scope of operation early than the outer ring breaking hole row burst time.
Outer ring breaking hole row below arranges keyhole array, and in keyhole, loads explosive carry out explosion to bottom rock mass and loosen.
Give a kind of detailed description of the invention of keyhole array as shown in Figure 1, keyhole array is made up of the slotting Confucius row that many groups distribute for symmetry axis with scope of operation axis;
The dip angle of hole arranged the closer to the slotting Confucius of scope of operation axis is less, and drill hole density is larger, but dip angle of hole is all greater than 60 degree is less than 90 degree;
In described initiation process, the closer to scope of operation axis the keyhole burst time more early, the burst time of whole keyhole is all early than the burst time of outer ring breaking hole.
Bottom the described scope of operation, the usual bottom outlet also comprised perpendicular to the scope of operation arranges, and the burst time of described bottom outlet row is later than perimeter smooth blasting hole row.The effect of bottom outlet is broken bottom rock mass, forms smooth bottom outline excavation, namely forms base plate.
Fig. 1 the latter half all angles represent the dip angle of hole of corresponding keyhole vertical with the first half; Spacing represents the trestle column in keyhole, breaking hole, perimeter smooth blasting hole.In Fig. 1, black circle represents upright opening, and the representative angling hole of spider symbol, mainly refers to keyhole; The angle representative of the latter half and the dip angle of hole of the vertical corresponding keyhole of the first half, i.e. boring direction; Spacing representative and the array pitch of corresponding keyhole vertical in upper figure and the pitch-row of bottom hole of the latter half, upper figure below is vertically corresponding.MS1-MS10 represents that in respective aperture, hop count is that the non-electric ms detonator of 1-10 is to realize different time delays respectively.
Dip angle of hole the closer to the keyhole of arc axis is less, but is all greater than 60 degree and is less than 90 degree; Breaking hole is all perpendicular to the scope of operation; Keyhole detonates from centre successively to both sides, and the angle of inner side keyhole is minimum, then increases successively and is easier to drawing out of rock mass, improve the blasting efficiency of keyhole.
In described initiation process, the burst time of keyhole row arranges early than breaking hole, the closer to arc axis the keyhole burst time more early, the burst time that described breaking hole arranges arranges early than outer ring breaking hole, but is later than the keyhole row burst time.Breaking hole is mainly used in fractured rock, and keyhole Main Function draws out to first be about to rock mass, and be that breaking hole creates free face, therefore keyhole must be positioned at inner side.In order to create free face to breaking hole and perimeter smooth blasting hole, keyhole should take the lead in detonating, and the closer to scope of operation axis the keyhole burst time more early, detonate in turn more subsequently breaking hole and perimeter smooth blasting hole, be easier to raising blasting efficiency.
In detailed description of the invention shown in Fig. 1, described keyhole array can also comprise the arc slotting Confucius row being positioned at breaking hole row below, and described arc slotting Confucius row are 76 degree with the inclination angle of the scope of operation.Arc keyhole Main Function is that auxiliary slotting region obtains good free face at top.
In detailed description of the invention shown in Fig. 1, the slotting Confucius defined near scope of operation axis is classified as main slotting Confucius row, a kind of preferred embodiment is that described main slotting Confucius arranges and is made up of the first half and the latter half, the main keyhole density of the latter half is greater than the first half, and the burst time of the latter half is early than the first half.Such as, in Fig. 1, the pitch of holes of main slotting Confucius row the first half and the latter half is respectively 60 and 30 centimetres.Fig. 1 middle and lower part is quick-fried employing MS1 section (standard time is spaced apart 0ms) first; Top delay 50ms detonate adopt MS3 section (standard time is spaced apart 50ms).
The main slotting region of scope of operation the latter half only has face (the initial job face namely before explosion) free face, in order to make this part rock mass draw out smoothly, forming good free face, must adopt less borehole spacing, and loads larger dose; And during top kerf explosion, except face, also has the free face that the leading explosion of main keyhole is formed, namely two free faces have been formed, be easier to produce than the main slotting region of bottom, therefore the pitch-row of top kerf increase more suitable to bottom, and be later than lower cut and detonate, still can obtain good slotting effect.
The present invention reduces light quick-fried medicine string manufacturing procedure and rapidoprint; Save the quick-fried medicine of light and serially add expenses of labour and the fee of material such as bamboo chip, adhesive plaster, and effective control over-excavation, thus save a large amount of concrete backfills caused because backbreaking, reduce construction cost.
Previously described is each preferred embodiment of the present invention, preferred embodiment in each preferred embodiment is if not obviously contradictory or premised on a certain preferred embodiment, each preferred embodiment can stack combinations use arbitrarily, design parameter in described embodiment and embodiment is only the invention proof procedure in order to clear statement inventor, and be not used to limit scope of patent protection of the present invention, scope of patent protection of the present invention is still as the criterion with its claims, the equivalent structure change that every utilization description of the present invention and accompanying drawing content are done, in like manner all should be included in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1., based on a smooth blasting method for φ 32mm powder stick, be included in punching and powder charge in the scope of operation, and initiation process, it is characterized in that:
Described punching is specially: along the quick-fried layer of scope of operation boundary definition light, and the quick-fried layer of light arranges and is positioned at perimeter smooth blasting hole and arrange inner outer ring breaking hole by being positioned at the perimeter smooth blasting hole of outside closer to top boundary and arrange and form; Breaking hole row below, outer ring arranges keyhole array;
Close coefficient m=1.25 ~ 1.43, perimeter smooth blasting hole, described perimeter smooth blasting hole close coefficient m=E/W, E are the pitch-row in perimeter smooth blasting hole, and W is the quick-fried layer thickness of light;
Described powder charge is specially: the powder charge in the perimeter smooth blasting hole in the row of perimeter smooth blasting hole comprises the base charge being positioned at bottom and the branched middle part powder charge being positioned at hole different depth, and the explosive payload of described middle part powder charge is less than base charge; Between base charge with middle part powder charge spacing and between middle part powder charge and middle part powder charge spacing identical; Also comprise the primacord stretching into connection base charge in perimeter smooth blasting hole from aperture, primacord connects base charge towards the one end at the bottom of hole;
Described perimeter smooth blasting hole, outer ring breaking hole are all perpendicular to the scope of operation;
After powder charge completes, perimeter smooth blasting hole is not clogged;
In described initiation process, the burst time of perimeter smooth blasting hole row is later than the outer ring breaking hole row burst time;
The burst time error in different perimeter smooth blasting hole is less than 2 milliseconds.
2. as claimed in claim 1 based on the smooth blasting method of φ 32mm powder stick, it is characterized in that, the dose of described base charge is the twice of middle part powder charge dose.
3. as claimed in claim 1 based on the smooth blasting method of φ 32mm powder stick, it is characterized in that, the quick-fried layer thickness of described light is 30-45 centimetre.
4. as claimed in claim 1 based on the smooth blasting method of φ 32mm powder stick, it is characterized in that, described scope of operation top is arc, except the perimeter smooth blasting hole row at scope of operation top, inner side away from scope of operation border is also provided with breaking hole row, the burst time of described breaking hole row, the breaking hole of breaking hole row was perpendicular to the scope of operation early than the perimeter smooth blasting hole row burst time.
5. as claimed in claim 4 based on the smooth blasting method of φ 32mm powder stick, it is characterized in that, described keyhole array comprises the arc slotting Confucius row being positioned at breaking hole row below, and described arc slotting Confucius row are 76 degree with the inclination angle of the scope of operation.
6. as claimed in claim 1 based on the smooth blasting method of φ 32mm powder stick, it is characterized in that, described keyhole array is made up of the slotting Confucius row that many groups distribute for symmetry axis with scope of operation axis;
The dip angle of hole arranged the closer to the slotting Confucius of scope of operation axis is less, and drill hole density is larger, but dip angle of hole is all greater than 60 degree is less than 90 degree;
In described initiation process, the closer to scope of operation axis the keyhole burst time more early, the burst time of whole keyhole is all early than the burst time of breaking hole.
7. as claimed in claim 6 based on the smooth blasting method of φ 32mm powder stick, it is characterized in that, the slotting Confucius defined near scope of operation axis is classified as main slotting Confucius row, described main slotting Confucius arranges and is made up of the first half and the latter half, the main keyhole density of the latter half is greater than the first half, and the burst time of the latter half is early than the first half.
8. as claimed in claim 1 based on the smooth blasting method of φ 32mm powder stick, it is characterized in that, the bottom outlet also comprised bottom the described scope of operation perpendicular to the scope of operation arranges, and the burst time of described bottom outlet row is later than perimeter smooth blasting hole row.
9. as claimed in claim 1 based on the smooth blasting method of φ 32mm powder stick, it is characterized in that, in each perimeter smooth blasting hole load 3 sections middle part powder charges, between base charge with middle part powder charge spacing and between middle part powder charge and middle part powder charge spacing identical, all between 70-90 centimetre.
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| CN107702603A (en) * | 2017-09-27 | 2018-02-16 | 贵州安凯达实业股份有限公司 | A kind of powder charge construction method for photoface exploision |
| CN109736827B (en) * | 2019-01-11 | 2020-01-31 | 中南大学 | Method for excavating urban subway hard rock stratum communication channel by high-pressure gas expansion fracturing |
| CN109682270A (en) * | 2019-01-18 | 2019-04-26 | 湖北宜化江家墩矿业有限公司 | A kind of construction technology for tunneling keyhole |
| CN111912306B (en) * | 2019-05-09 | 2023-09-19 | 西南科技大学 | Method for improving tunnel smooth blasting effect |
| CN115077318B (en) * | 2021-07-22 | 2023-10-27 | 四川公路桥梁建设集团有限公司 | Simple connection process of quick charging method for smooth blasting of tunnel and detonation network |
| CN114754639A (en) * | 2022-03-31 | 2022-07-15 | 中国电建市政建设集团有限公司 | Blasting method for improving single-cycle footage of V-level surrounding rock of high-speed rail tunnel |
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| KR100643593B1 (en) * | 2005-05-31 | 2006-11-10 | 이태노 | The excavation method for reduction of blasting vibration with firing units & explosives : fe-rex |
| CN101762218A (en) * | 2009-10-30 | 2010-06-30 | 湖州新开元碎石有限公司 | Hole-by-hole blasting method |
| CN102494570B (en) * | 2011-12-06 | 2013-12-25 | 兰州大学 | Energy collecting blasting and smooth surface blasting combined control blasting method |
| CN102706226A (en) * | 2012-04-26 | 2012-10-03 | 中铁隧道集团有限公司 | Powder charging method for preventing collapse of drilled hole in deep hole blasting engineering |
| CN102937398B (en) * | 2012-11-20 | 2014-12-03 | 武汉大学 | Rockburst active control method based on blasting excavation disturbance control |
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