CN104711441A - Particulate strengthened alloy articles and methods of forming - Google Patents
Particulate strengthened alloy articles and methods of forming Download PDFInfo
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- CN104711441A CN104711441A CN201410768735.9A CN201410768735A CN104711441A CN 104711441 A CN104711441 A CN 104711441A CN 201410768735 A CN201410768735 A CN 201410768735A CN 104711441 A CN104711441 A CN 104711441A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
- C22C32/001—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with only oxides
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/05—Metallic powder characterised by the size or surface area of the particles
- B22F1/052—Metallic powder characterised by the size or surface area of the particles characterised by a mixture of particles of different sizes or by the particle size distribution
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
- B22F5/10—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product of articles with cavities or holes, not otherwise provided for in the preceding subgroups
- B22F5/106—Tube or ring forms
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
- B22F7/06—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
- C22C32/0005—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with at least one oxide and at least one of carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
- B22F3/14—Both compacting and sintering simultaneously
- B22F3/15—Hot isostatic pressing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/17—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces by forging
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/20—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces by extruding
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/13—Hollow or container type article [e.g., tube, vase, etc.]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/21—Circular sheet or circular blank
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- Metallurgy (AREA)
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- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
An article and a method for forming the article are presented. The article includes a material comprising a metal matrix and a first population of particulate phases disposed macroscopically non-uniformly within the matrix. The particulate phases include an oxide phase. Further embodiments include articles, such as turbomachinery components, fasteners, and pipes, for example, and methods for forming the articles.
Description
Technical field
Present invention relates in general to nanostructure Alfer.More particularly, the present invention relates to goods of being formed by the nanostructure Alfer with non-uniform Distribution dispersion and forming method thereof.
Background technology
Gas turbine works in extreme circumstances, make turbine components particularly in turbine hot-zone those parts stand high working temperature and pressure.For making turbine components tolerate these conditions, they are manufactured by the material that can tolerate these rigor condition.When reaching material limits, conveniently adopt the mechanical integrity of one of two kinds of methods to maintain hot zone part.A kind of method is the significant temp using cooling air to reduce parts.Second method increases part dimension to reduce pressure.But these methods can reduce the efficiency of turbine and increase cost.
In some applications, superalloy requires strict application for these, this is because they still keep its intensity when being up to its melt temperature 90% and have excellent environmental resistance.Particularly, nickel-base heat resisting superalloy has been widely used in whole gas turbine engine, such as, be applied to turbine blade, nozzle, impeller (wheel), telophragma (spacer), fan disk, rotor spindle, leaf dish and cover body.In the application that some temperature and pressures are lower, iron and steel can be used for turbine components.But the use of traditional iron and steel is restricted usually in high temperature, high-voltage applications, because do not meet required mechanical property requirements and/or design requirements.
Nanostructure Alfer (NFA) is an emerging class alloy, significant for gas turbine rotor.These alloys (NFA) show outstanding high-temperature behavior, this nanometer sized oxide cluster separated out in thermal consolidation after being considered to come from mechanical alloying step.These oxide compound clusters existed under high temperature in use provide the stable microstructure of strengthening.In addition, carry out casting and forge (C & W) technique subsequently from many requirements different with the Ni-based ultrahigh temperature alloy obtaining desired properties, and NFA is by requiring that the different process method of less melting step manufactures.
Although NFA has stretching and the creep property of raising compared with traditional iron and steel, for the more benefit of rotor application requiring.It should be pointed out that, for heavy steam turbine rotor, key machine performance requriements is changed to impeller edge by impeller bore.Such as, impeller bore is limited to rupture strength, thus requires higher ultimate tensile strength, and impeller edge is limited to the creep life of material.
Thus, expect to obtain a kind of graded alloy goods, these goods show the mechanical integrity of raising at its regional (position) and reach the proper equilibrium of mechanical property.
Summary of the invention
In one embodiment, a kind of goods are provided.These goods contain the material comprising metallic matrix and the macroscopically first Particle Phase group of nonuniform mutation operator in matrix.Particle Phase comprises oxide compound phase.Other embodiment comprises some goods, such as turbomachinery components, fastening piece and pipe fitting.
An embodiment is turbomachinery components.These parts comprise radial symmetry main body, and described radial symmetry main body has the contiguous internal surface at center of described main body and the outside surface at the center away from described main body.Described radial symmetry main body contains the material comprising metallic matrix and the first Particle Phase group.Metallic matrix comprises iron and chromium.First Particle Phase group comprises the oxide compound phase containing titanium and yttrium and has the median particle diameter being less than about 20 nanometers.The concentration of internal surface place first Particle Phase group is less than the concentration of outer surface first Particle Phase group.The concentration of internal surface place first Particle Phase group is in about 0.1 volume percent to about 2 volume percent range, and the concentration of outer surface is at about 0.7 volume percent extremely about 3 volume percent range.
In one embodiment, a kind of method comprise by first composition with the first oxygen concn with there is second of the second oxygen concn form combination to form a kind of material.Second oxygen concn is different from the first oxygen concn.Described material comprises metallic matrix and the macroscopically first Particle Phase group of nonuniform mutation operator in matrix.Particle Phase comprises oxide compound phase.Described material is through processing to provide a kind of goods.
In one embodiment, a kind of formation method of turbomachinery components is provided.The method comprises the following steps: deposit at oxide compound and grind the first powder comprising iron and chromium in case, until oxide compound is dissolved in powdered alloy at least in part, thus forms first composition with the first oxygen concn; Deposit at oxide compound and grind the second powder comprising iron and chromium in case, until oxide compound is dissolved in powdered alloy at least in part, thus form second composition with the second oxygen concn, the second oxygen concn is greater than the first oxygen concn.The powder with the first composition is placed in the first area of container, the powder with the second composition is placed in the second area of container.Make these powder consolidations (consolidate) at a certain temperature and the first and second compositions are combined, separating out in the matrix comprising iron and chromium to make the oxide compound comprising titanium and yttrium.The first area of container and the second area of container correspond respectively to internal surface and the outside surface of the radial symmetry main body of turbomachinery components.
The invention provides:
1. goods, described goods comprise:
A kind of material, described material comprises metallic matrix and the macroscopically first Particle Phase group of nonuniform mutation operator in described matrix, and described Particle Phase comprises oxide compound phase.
2. the goods according to project 1, is characterized in that, described matrix comprises nickel, iron, chromium, aluminium, cobalt, titanium or its combination.
3. the goods according to project 1, is characterized in that, described matrix comprises iron and chromium.
4. the goods according to project 1, is characterized in that, described oxide compound comprises aluminium, yttrium, magnesium, molybdenum, zirconium, silicon, titanium, hafnium, tungsten, tantalum or its combination mutually.
5. the goods according to project 1, is characterized in that, described oxide compound comprises titanium and yttrium mutually.
6. the goods according to project 1, is characterized in that, described first Particle Phase group has the median particle diameter being less than about 20nm.
7. the goods according to project 1, is characterized in that, described first Particle Phase group has the median particle diameter being less than about 10nm.
8. the goods according to project 1, described goods also comprise the second Particle Phase group be arranged in described matrix, and the size-grade distribution of wherein said second Particle Phase group is different from the size-grade distribution of the first Particle Phase group.
9. the goods according to project 8, is characterized in that, described second Particle Phase group macroscopically non-uniform Distribution in described matrix.
10. the goods according to project 8, is characterized in that, described second Particle Phase group comprises intermetallic compound.
11. goods according to project 8, is characterized in that, described second Particle Phase group comprises oxide compound, boride, carbide, nitride or its combination.
12. goods according to project 8, is characterized in that, described second Particle Phase group has the median particle diameter of about 25nm to about 10 microns.
13. goods according to project 1, it is characterized in that, first concentration of described first Particle Phase group in the first area of described goods is not equal to second concentration of the first Particle Phase group in the second area of described goods, and wherein said first concentration and described second concentration fall within about 0.1 volume percent independently of one another to about 5 volume percent range.
14. goods according to project 13, it is characterized in that, between described first area and described second area, be provided with at least one region intermediate, and at least one region intermediate wherein said, the concentration of the first Particle Phase group has the numerical value between described first concentration and described second concentration.
15. goods according to project 13, it is characterized in that, described goods are turbomachinery components, fastening piece or pipe fitting.
16. goods according to project 15, it is characterized in that, described goods are impeller or telophragma.
17. goods according to project 16, it is characterized in that, first area comprises the internal surface of described impeller or telophragma, second area comprises the outside surface of described impeller or telophragma, and first concentration of the first Particle Phase group described in wherein said internal surface place is lower than second concentration of the first Particle Phase group described in described outer surface.
18. goods according to project 17, is characterized in that, described first concentration in about 0.1 volume percent to about 2 volume percent range, described second concentration in about 0.7 volume percent to about 3 volume percent range.
19. 1 kinds of turbomachinery components, described turbomachinery components comprises:
Radial symmetry main body, described radial symmetry main body comprises the contiguous internal surface at center of described main body and the outside surface at the center away from described main body;
Wherein, described radial symmetry main body comprises:
A kind of material, described material comprises:
Metallic matrix, described matrix comprises iron and chromium;
Median particle diameter is less than the first Particle Phase group of about 20 nanometers, described Particle Phase group comprises oxide compound phase, described oxide compound comprises titanium and yttrium mutually, wherein, the concentration of the first Particle Phase group described in described internal surface place is lower than the concentration of the first Particle Phase group described in described outer surface, and the concentration of Particle Phase described in wherein said internal surface place is in about 0.1 volume percent to about 2 volume percent range, and the concentration of Particle Phase described in described outer surface is at about 0.7 volume percent extremely about 3 volume percent range.
20. 1 kinds of methods, described method comprises:
By first composition with the first oxygen concn with there is second of the second oxygen concn form and combine, described second oxygen concn is different from described first oxygen concn, to form the material comprising metallic matrix and the macroscopically first Particle Phase group of nonuniform mutation operator in described matrix, described Particle Phase comprises oxide compound phase.
21. methods according to project 20, described method also comprises: deposit at the oxide compound of the first content and grind the powdered alloy comprising iron and chromium in case, until described oxide compound is dissolved in described powdered alloy at least in part, thus form the first composition.
22. methods according to project 20, described method also comprises: deposit at the oxide compound of the second content and grind the powdered alloy comprising iron and chromium in case, until described oxide compound is dissolved in described powdered alloy at least in part, thus form the second composition.
23. methods according to project 20, is characterized in that, both described first composition, described second composition or described first composition and the second composition are powder, and wherein combine also to comprise and make described powder consolidation.
24. methods according to project 23, is characterized in that, are powder both described first composition and described second forms.
25. methods according to project 24, described method also comprises:
The powder comprising described first composition is placed in the first area of container;
The powder comprising described second composition is placed in the second area of described container; With
Make described powder consolidation, thus described first composition and the second composition are combined.
26. methods according to project 20, described method also comprises described first composition of heating, described second composition or described material to form described first Particle Phase group.
27. methods according to project 20, described method is also included in described matrix sets up the second Particle Phase group, and described second Particle Phase group has the median particle diameter of about 25nm to about 10 microns.
28. methods according to project 20, is characterized in that, described first composition and described second consists of solid material, and wherein combine comprise coextrusion, welding, solid-state bond, diffusion connection, shrinkage fit or its combine.
29. methods according to project 23, is characterized in that, described first consists of solid material and described second consist of powder, and wherein combine to comprise and make described powder consolidation and described first composition and described second is formed to be connected.
30. 1 kinds of methods, described method comprises:
Deposit at oxide compound and in case the first powder comprising iron and chromium is ground, until described oxide compound is dissolved in described powdered alloy at least in part, thus form first composition with the first oxygen concn;
Deposit at oxide compound and in case the second powder comprising iron and chromium is ground, until described oxide compound is dissolved in described powdered alloy at least in part, thus forming second composition with the second oxygen concn, described second oxygen concn is greater than described first oxygen concn;
The powder comprising the first composition is placed in the first area of container;
The powder comprising the second composition is placed in the second area of described container; With
Make described powder consolidation, thus at a certain temperature described first composition and the second composition are combined to make the oxide compound comprising titanium and yttrium separate out in the matrix comprising iron and chromium;
Wherein, the first area of described container and the second area of described container are respectively corresponding to internal surface and the outside surface of the radial symmetry main body of turbomachinery components.
Accompanying drawing explanation
When reading following detailed description in detail with reference to accompanying drawing, these and other feature of the present invention, aspect and advantage will become and be easier to understand, and in accompanying drawing, similar being marked in whole accompanying drawing represents similar part.
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of goods according to an embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of goods according to an embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 3 is the top cross sectional view of turbomachinery components according to an embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 4 is the top cross sectional view of turbomachinery components according to an embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of the container for the formation of goods according to an embodiment of the invention.
Embodiment
Embodiment of the present invention described in this specification sheets solves mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art.Below will be described one or more specific embodiments of the present invention.In order to make brief description to these embodiments, may can not be described whole features of practical application in this manual.Will be appreciated that, in the exploitation of any this practical application, as in any engineering or design item, must determine to widely apply specific works program to realize the objectives of developer, such as and business relevant to system is correlated with the coordination limited, and may become another kind of application thus from one application.In addition, will be appreciated that, this exploitation is attempted may be complicated and consuming time, but still for benefit from those skilled in the art of the present disclosure conventional design, manufacture and processing work.
When introducing the key element of each embodiment of the present invention, article " " " one " and " described " mean to there is this key element one or more.Term " comprises ", " comprising " and " containing " means to be included and other key element existed except listed elements that expresses possibility.In addition, " top ", " bottom ", " more than ", the use of the variant of " below " and these terms only for convenience, and do not require any particular orientation of parts, unless otherwise indicated.
All scopes described in this specification sheets include end points, and end points can be bonded to each other.Term as used in this specification sheets " first ", " second " etc. do not represent any order, quality or importance, only for the mutual differentiation of key element.
In whole specification sheets and claims, as this specification sheets is used, approximation word can be used for being modified at any quantitative expression do not caused to allowing when its relevant basic changing function to change.Thus, specified exact numerical is not limited to by the term numerical value that such as " about " modifies.In some cases, approximation word may corresponding to the tolerance range measuring this numerical value instrument.
Embodiment of the present invention provide a kind of goods, and these goods comprise metallic matrix and the macroscopically first Particle Phase group of nonuniform mutation operator in metallic matrix.Metallic matrix can comprise nickel, iron, chromium, aluminium, cobalt, titanium or its combination.In one embodiment, metallic matrix comprises iron containing alloy.First Particle Phase group comprises oxide compound phase.
As this specification sheets is used, " macroscopically nonuniform mutation operator " refers to the non-homogeneous dispersion of Particle Phase in the length dimension of at least 0.5 centimetre of metallic matrix.That is, in the first part of goods, the concentration of Particle Phase is different from the concentration of Particle Phase in second section, and wherein said part is extending at least about in the length dimension of 0.5 centimetre usually.In some embodiments, described part may extend to the length dimension of about 200 centimetres at the most.In some embodiments, described part may extend to the length dimension of about 100 centimetres at the most.As this specification sheets is used, " being arranged in matrix " comprises Particle Phase and is scattered in the grain and grain boundary of matrix.
Some embodiments provide a kind of goods, and these goods comprise nanostructure Alfer (NFA).Usual nanocrystalline ferrite alloy comprises iron containing alloy matrix, the nanometer key element strengthening of this matrix by being placed in one.In alloy substrate, the concentration of iron can be greater than about 50 weight percents.In one embodiment, the iron level in alloy substrate is greater than about 70 weight percents.In one embodiment, alloy substrate is ferrite body-centered cubic (BCC) phase form.As this specification sheets is used, term " nanometer key element " refers to that out to out is less than the material grains of about 20 nanometers.The nanometer key element of NFA can have any shape, such as, comprise other shapes such as spherical, cube, pod shape.This specification sheets nanometer key element used is formed at NFA situ usually, by initially adding the dissolving at least partially of oxide compound and can be used for the precipitation of nano-sized particles of modified oxide of pinning (pin) alloy structure, thus provide the mechanical property of raising.
Fig. 1 shows the goods 10 according to some embodiments of the present invention.Goods 10 comprise nanostructure Alfer, and this nanostructure Alfer contains the macroscopically first Particle Phase group of nonuniform mutation operator such as from first surface 12 to second surface 14 in goods.In some embodiments, goods 10 have the first Particle Phase concentration of gradual change from first surface 12 to second surface 14.Gradual change can be continous way or staged.
In an exemplary embodiment, goods 10 comprise and extend to the first area 18 of predetermined surface 16 from first surface 12 and extend to the second area 20 of predetermined surface 16 from second surface 14.First area 18 comprises the first Particle Phase of the first concentration, and second area 20 comprises the first Particle Phase of the second concentration, and wherein in first area 18, the first concentration of the first Particle Phase is not equal to the second concentration of the first Particle Phase in second area 20.In one embodiment, the first concentration in first area 18 and the second concentration in second area 20 fall within about 0.1 volume percent independently of one another to about 5 volume percent range.
In some embodiments, goods 10 can have more than two regions, and wherein adjacent area has the first different Particle Phase concentration.Such as, goods 10 can have at least three regions as shown in Figure 2, and wherein region intermediate 22 extends to another predetermined surface 26 from predetermined surface 16.Region intermediate 22 is placed between first area 18 and second area 20.In region intermediate 22, the concentration of the first Particle Phase can be different from the second concentration of the first Particle Phase in the first concentration of the first Particle Phase in first area 18 and second area 20.In some embodiments, in region intermediate 22, the concentration of the first Particle Phase has the numerical value between the first concentration and the second concentration.Goods 10 can have multiple region intermediate between first area 18 and second area 20.In one embodiment, in each region intermediate concentration Particle Phase in adjacent area of the first Particle Phase concentration between.The concentration of the first Particle Phase can increase or reduce from first area 18 to second area 20.In some embodiments, interval region can have the first identical Particle Phase concentration.Although it should be pointed out that composition graphs 1 and Fig. 2 discuss to following material detail herein, these details also can be applicable to the embodiment of Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 equally.
The metallic matrix (also can be described as alloy substrate) of NFA comprises iron and chromium.Chromium for phase stability and oxidation-resistance and/or erosion resistance all significant, thus can be contained among NFA at least about the content of 5 weight percents.About 30 weight percents at the most can be comprised.In one embodiment, chromium accounts for about 9 weight percents in the alloy to about 14 weight percents.In some embodiments, alloy can comprise titanium and yttrium.The part that titanium and yttrium can be used as alloy substrate exists with metal or alloy form, or can be present in the Particle Phase of alloy.As described in this description, they can play a role in the formation of oxidate nano key element.In some embodiments, titanium accounts for about 0.1 weight percent in the alloy to about 2 weight percents, and yttrium accounts for about 0.1 weight percent in the alloy to about 3 weight percents.In addition, alloy can comprise one or more in vanadium, molybdenum, manganese, tungsten, niobium, silicon or tantalum.
First Particle Phase group can be above-mentioned nanometer key element, gives stretching and the creep property of alloy raising.First nanometer key element group has the median particle diameter being less than about 20 nanometers (nm).In some embodiments, the first Particle Phase group has the median particle diameter being less than about 15nm.In certain embodiments, the median particle diameter of Particle Phase is less than about 10nm.In some embodiments, the first Particle Phase group can comprise composite oxides." composite oxides " as used in this specification sheets are the oxide compound phases comprising multiple nonoxygen element.Composite oxides can be the single oxide phases with multiple nonoxygen element, such as ABO (wherein A, B represent nonoxygen element); Or can be the mixture of multiple simple oxide phase (there is a kind of nonoxygen element), such as A
xb
yo
z, wherein x, y, z represents the relative mole ratios of element in mixture.The example herein comprised does not consider charge balance, thus comprises the oxide compound of different valence state element and the oxide compound of nonstoichiometry ratio.
In one embodiment, oxide material can be added in alloy substrate, treatedly separates out out the first nanometer key element group.May be dissolved at least partially in alloy structure and to want prime form to separate out with nanometer of the oxide compound phase added.In one embodiment, the precipitated oxide in NFA can comprise transition metal (such as titanium and yttrium) existing in starting material and initial one or more metallic elements added in oxide compound.
In one embodiment, the first Particle Phase group comprises at least two kinds of elements be selected from yttrium, titanium, aluminium, zirconium, molybdenum, silicon, hafnium, magnesium, tungsten and tantalum.Particle Phase can comprise the combination of two or more simple oxide; The combination of one or more simple oxides and one or more composite oxides; Or the combination of multiple different composite oxide compound.In a specific embodiment, first Particle Phase group comprises the single-phase composite oxides containing multiple nonoxygen element, such as, list yttrium titanium oxide, yttrium amorphous ti silica, tilalite, magnesium titanium oxide, zirconium titanium oxide, hafnium titanium oxide, magnesium Zirconium oxide, zirconium hafnium oxide, yttrium Zirconium oxide, yttrium magnesium oxide, yttrium zirconium titanium oxide or yttrium tilalite.
Should be understood that the use of plural term in literary composition " phase " does not require must there is heterogeneous composition in group herein, but there is a large amount of particle for representing in matrix, these particles may have or may not have identical composition.
In some embodiments, goods 10 (Fig. 1 and Fig. 2) also comprise the second Particle Phase group in alloy substrate.Second Particle Phase add the stretching and creep property that can improve NFA, and keep required ductility level simultaneously.Second Particle Phase group can have the size distribution being different from the first Particle Phase group.Second Particle Phase group can have the median particle diameter of about 25nm to about 10 microns.In one embodiment, the second Particle Phase group has the median particle diameter of about 50nm to about 3 microns.
Second Particle Phase group can in goods 10 evenly or non-uniform Distribution.In one embodiment, the second Particle Phase group macroscopically nonuniform mutation operator in alloy substrate.Such as, discuss for the first Particle Phase group as in the previous embodiments, in each region intermediate the concentration of the second Particle Phase Particle Phase in adjacent area concentration between (Fig. 2).Particle Phase concentration can increase or reduce from first area 18 to second area 20.In each region of goods, the concentration of the second Particle Phase group can fall within about 1 volume percent independently to about 15 volume percent range, more particularly, falls within about 1 volume percent of alloy to about 6 volume percent range.In a specific embodiment, Particle Phase group in each region of goods (comprise first crowd and second crowd both) in the alloy shared concentration for about 2 volume percent are to about 6 volume percent.
In some embodiments, second group can comprise oxide compound, boride, carbide, nitride or its combination.Oxide compound can be added in alloy with further reinforced alloys in the course of processing.In one embodiment, in alloy, total oxygen concn is that about 0.1 weight percent of alloy is to about 0.6 weight percent.In some embodiments, the second Particle Phase group is separated out for intermetallic phase.The limiting examples of intermetallic phase can comprise Laves phase, Mu phase, Z phase and Ni
3m structure.In the US Pat Appl Ser 13/931108 and 14/074768 of first submit, the various characteristic sum methods forming the alloy containing the first Particle Phase group and the second extra Particle Phase group separated out are described in detail.
Referring again to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, in some embodiments, goods 10 can be turbomachinery components, in other embodiments, goods 10 also can be used for other application arbitrarily, comprise and at high temperature working, such as fastening piece, pipe fitting etc., and work at low temperatures, such as, for transmitting the gentle pipe fitting of oil and diskware.In one embodiment, goods 10 are turbine wheel.In another embodiment, goods 10 are turbine telophragma.
As mentioned above, key machine performance is changed to turbine wheel edge by turbine wheel hole.Such as, hole is limited to rupture strength, thus requires higher mechanical tensile strength, and wheel rim is limited to the creep life of material.Usually, the tensile property of raising of concentration generation required by impeller bore and the creep property of the raising required by impeller edge of oxidate nano key element is improved.But the concentration of oxidate nano key element is limited to specified rate because material ductility declines, and compared with impeller edge place, this is larger for impeller bore place problem.
Embodiments more of the present invention provide turbomachinery components, and it contains the first Particle Phase group comprising oxide compound phase of macroscopically nonuniform mutation operator, to give the mechanical property that specific position or region such as turbomachinery components hole and edge place need.Fig. 3 shows the top cross-sectional view of the turbomachinery components 30 such as impeller or telophragma with radial symmetry main body.Radial symmetry parts 30 be centrally located at 31.Parts 30 comprise the nanostructure Alfer (NFA) described in this specification sheets.In the illustrated embodiment, turbomachinery components 30 comprises the internal surface 32 (hole) of adjacent components 30 radial symmetry main center 31 and the outside surface 36 (edge) away from parts 30 center 31.The internal surface 32 of parts 30 limits and the body concentric hole of radial symmetry master.In one embodiment, in internal surface 32 place alloy the first Particle Phase the first concentration lower than impeller outer surface 36 place first Particle Phases the second concentration.In one embodiment, impeller 30 comprises nanostructure Alfer, and this alloy has the first Particle Phase concentration from internal surface 32 to outside surface 36 gradual change.
In some embodiments as shown in Figure 4, turbomachinery components 30 has and extends to the first area 38 of predetermined surface 34 from internal surface 32 and extend to the second area 40 of predetermined surface 34 from outside surface 36.In one embodiment, first area 38 and second area 40 comprise identical NFA matrix composition, and in alloy, the concentration of the first Particle Phase is different.In first area 38, the first concentration of the first Particle Phase is lower than the second concentration of the first Particle Phase in the second area 40 of parts 30.
In some embodiments, in first area 38, the first concentration of the first Particle Phase is about 0.1 volume percent extremely about 2 volume percent of alloy, and in second area 40, the second concentration of the first Particle Phase is that about 0.7 volume percent of alloy is to about 3 volume percent.In some embodiments, as in the previous embodiments, parts 30 have multiple region intermediate be placed between first area 38 and second area 40.In certain embodiments, parts 30 can comprise the nanostructure Alfer of gradual change, and namely nanostructure Alfer has the first Particle Phase concentration (Fig. 3) increased gradually from internal surface 32 to outside surface 36.
Concentration by the first Particle Phase in alloy matrix (comprising oxide compound phase) sets suitably, the mechanical property needed for obtaining at the specific position of parts.Such as, impeller can have low oxide compound phase concentration to provide good ultimate tensile strength and ductility with resistance to fracture at adjacent bores region place, has high oxide compound phase concentration to improve creep resistance at contiguous edge region place.Usually, multiple alloy can be used to realize these regional specific characteristics energy.But, use alloy different in these number of chemical to cause the mutual diffusion at mating surface place.This mutual diffusion may produce detrimentally affect to mechanical property in parts use procedure, thus reduces work-ing life.In whole impeller, use consistent alloy substrate to have different oxide compound phase concentrations simultaneously make it possible to feasible region property, and keep identical matrix to eliminate diffusion problem and the time dependent problem of performance simultaneously.
Some embodiments provide a kind of formation method of goods.The method comprises makes the first composition and the second composition combine to form goods.First composition and the second composition combine by one or more the middle compositions be placed in therebetween.In one embodiment, multiple composition combines by one composition with adjacent composition and combines.First composition can have the first oxygen concn, and the second composition can have the second oxygen concn being different from the first oxygen concn.Resulting product comprises metallic matrix and the macroscopically first Particle Phase group of nonuniform mutation operator in goods.First Particle Phase group comprises oxide compound phase.In certain embodiments, resulting materials comprises NFA.
Oxygen concn as used in this specification sheets refers to oxygen concn total in composition, can comprise the dissolved oxygen existed in NFA and other oxygen any existing in the form of an oxide or exist in other phase.
The formation method of NFA composition comprises formation powdered alloy and makes powder consolidation.Powdered alloy is formed by any method known in the art.First the one formation method of powdered alloy can make starting material such as iron and chromium melting to form initial melt.Vacuum induction scorification melting original material can be adopted easily.Melting material can be pulverized and form powdered alloy, powdered alloy can grind the powdered alloy being formed and ground together with added Oxides material.In one embodiment, oxide material comprises yttrium oxide, zirconium white, hafnia, aluminum oxide, silicon oxide, magnesium oxide or its composition.Usually, by carrying out consolidation to process making the first Particle Phase group of desired concn to separate out to grinding powdered alloy at a certain temperature, described first Particle Phase group comprises the oxide compound phase with desired size.Suitable treatment process can comprise isothermal forging, hot isostatic pressing (HIP), extrude or its combination.In one embodiment, the process of grinding powdered alloy comprises hot isostatic pressing (HIP).Added Oxides is dissolved in alloy substrate in powder friction process at least partially, and separates out when forming aforementioned nanometer key element when powder being risen to certain temperature in consolidation process process.In any specific situation of the method, the meltage of added Oxides can be less than great majority or substantially whole added Oxides according to processing parameter and selected materials.In one embodiment, the first composite oxide particle can be separated out mutually in consolidation step process.In one embodiment, as described in US Pat Appl Ser 13/931108 and 14/074768, set up the second Particle Phase group by being added by oxide compound and being mixed in grinding powdered alloy.
Multiple method can be used to manufacture the goods such as such as turbomachinery components 30 (Fig. 4).First area 38 comprises the first composition, and second area 40 comprises the second composition.First composition and the second composition are formed by aforesaid method.The formation of the first composition is included in the first content oxide compound and deposits and grind powdered alloy in case, and the formation of the second composition is included in the second content oxide compound and deposits and grind powdered alloy in case.Alloy powder grinds, until oxide compound is dissolved in powdered alloy at least in part.In any specific situation of the method, the meltage of added Oxides can be less than great majority or most of or substantially whole added Oxides according to processing parameter and selected materials.
In some embodiments, the first composition and the second composition exist with the powdered alloy form of having ground.With reference to Fig. 5, the method comprises and forms the first area 52 being placed in container 50 (such as HIP tank) and the step the second composition being placed in the second area 54 of container 50 by first.Container 50 is the right cylinder around axle 60.The first area 52 of the container 50 of adjacent shafts 60 is limited by first surface 56, and first surface 56 can corresponding to the predetermined surface 34 of parts 30 shown in Fig. 4.In addition, a part for the first area 52 of container 50 can corresponding to the first area 38 of parts 30.The second surface 58 of container 50 can corresponding to second surface 36 (Fig. 4), and namely the second area 54 of container 50 can corresponding to the second area 40 (Fig. 4) of parts 30.Two kinds of powdered alloys are separated by metal sheet (such as dividing plate) when composition being placed in container 50.The method also comprises consolidation first simultaneously and forms and the second grinding powdered alloy formed, thus two kinds of consolidation compositions are combined, to form the solid material (defining subsequently) of first part and the second section had corresponding to container 50 first and second region 52,54.Before consolidation step, metal sheet can be taken out from container, be combined in HIP treating processes to make two kinds of compositions.In certain embodiments, by HIP and forging subsequently or extrude, make two kinds of powdered alloy consolidations.Consolidation process can be carried out at a certain temperature, separates out respectively mutually with the oxide compound of the titaniferous and yttrium that make the first concentration and the second concentration in the first area 52 and second area 54 of container.In certain embodiments, oxide compound phase the first concentration in first area 52 is lower than second concentration mutually of the oxide compound in second area 54.
Container 50 for consolidation NFA alloy can not have the boring limited by the radial symmetry body inner surface 32 of parts 30 as shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4.Can in first part's machining boring of gained solid material after NFA process completes.As this specification sheets is used, after machining boring, the first part of solid material forms corresponding to first of forming member 30 first area 38 internal surface 32.
In some embodiments, the first composition and the second composition exist with solid material form.Solid material refers to the solid-state continuous structure not comprising powder type.The grinding powdered alloy of the first composition and the second composition is distinguished consolidation to form solid material according to desired shape.For example, referring to Fig. 5, manufacture in advance comprise the first composition corresponding to first area 52 first (namely inner) raw material with comprise second raw material of the second composition corresponding to second area 54, then combine.As mentioned above, can machining boring in the first raw material comprising the first composition.In these embodiments, connect (diffusion bonding), shrinkage fit (shrinkfitting) or its combination carry out in conjunction with by welding, coextrusion, solid-state bond (solid-statejoining), diffusion.
In some embodiments, it is solid material form that at least the first composition or second forms one of them, and another consists of powder type.In an example, the first composition can be the solid material that can be placed in container 50 first area 52, and the second composition can be the powder that can be placed in container 50 second area 54 (namely around the solid material of the first composition).In another example, the second composition can be the solid material roughly at middle part with cavity, and it can be placed in the second area 54 of container 50.First composition can be the powder that can be placed in first area 52 (i.e. the cavity of solid material).In these embodiments, described method also comprises the powder consolidation formed second, and makes the second composition and first form thus to be connected.In some embodiments, the first and second compositions stand HIP and conducting forging processing subsequently.In some embodiments, the first composition and the second composition stand HIP and extrude process.The example of other suitable Joining Technology comprises coextrusion and spraying method such as cold spraying, thermospray and plasma spraying.
Although this specification sheets has only carried out example and description to some feature of the present invention, those skilled in the art can make multiple improvement and change.Thus, should be understood that claims intention covers all these and falls within improvement within the scope of essential idea of the present invention and change.
Claims (20)
1. goods, described goods comprise:
A kind of material, described material comprises metallic matrix and the macroscopically first Particle Phase group of nonuniform mutation operator in described matrix, and described Particle Phase comprises oxide compound phase.
2. goods according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described matrix comprises nickel, iron, chromium, aluminium, cobalt, titanium or its combination.
3. goods according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described matrix comprises iron and chromium.
4. goods according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described oxide compound comprises aluminium, yttrium, magnesium, molybdenum, zirconium, silicon, titanium, hafnium, tungsten, tantalum or its combination mutually.
5. goods according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described oxide compound comprises titanium and yttrium mutually.
6. goods according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described first Particle Phase group has the median particle diameter being less than about 20nm.
7. goods according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described first Particle Phase group has the median particle diameter being less than about 10nm.
8. goods according to claim 1, described goods also comprise the second Particle Phase group be arranged in described matrix, and the size-grade distribution of wherein said second Particle Phase group is different from the size-grade distribution of the first Particle Phase group.
9. goods according to claim 8, is characterized in that, described second Particle Phase group macroscopically non-uniform Distribution in described matrix.
10. goods according to claim 8, is characterized in that, described second Particle Phase group comprises intermetallic compound.
11. goods according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, first concentration of described first Particle Phase group in the first area of described goods is not equal to second concentration of the first Particle Phase group in the second area of described goods, and wherein said first concentration and described second concentration fall within about 0.1 volume percent independently of one another to about 5 volume percent range.
12. goods according to claim 11, it is characterized in that, between described first area and described second area, be provided with at least one region intermediate, and at least one region intermediate wherein said, the concentration of the first Particle Phase group has the numerical value between described first concentration and described second concentration.
13. 1 kinds of turbomachinery components, described turbomachinery components comprises:
Radial symmetry main body, described radial symmetry main body comprises the contiguous internal surface at center of described main body and the outside surface at the center away from described main body;
Wherein, described radial symmetry main body comprises:
A kind of material, described material comprises:
Metallic matrix, described matrix comprises iron and chromium;
Median particle diameter is less than the first Particle Phase group of about 20 nanometers, described Particle Phase group comprises oxide compound phase, described oxide compound comprises titanium and yttrium mutually, wherein, the concentration of the first Particle Phase group described in described internal surface place is lower than the concentration of the first Particle Phase group described in described outer surface, and the concentration of Particle Phase described in wherein said internal surface place is in about 0.1 volume percent to about 2 volume percent range, and the concentration of Particle Phase described in described outer surface is at about 0.7 volume percent extremely about 3 volume percent range.
14. 1 kinds of methods, described method comprises:
By first composition with the first oxygen concn with there is second of the second oxygen concn form and combine, described second oxygen concn is different from described first oxygen concn, to form the material comprising metallic matrix and the macroscopically first Particle Phase group of nonuniform mutation operator in described matrix, described Particle Phase comprises oxide compound phase.
15. methods according to claim 14, described method also comprises: deposit at the oxide compound of the first content and grind the powdered alloy comprising iron and chromium in case, until described oxide compound is dissolved in described powdered alloy at least in part, thus form the first composition.
16. methods according to claim 14, described method also comprises: deposit at the oxide compound of the second content and grind the powdered alloy comprising iron and chromium in case, until described oxide compound is dissolved in described powdered alloy at least in part, thus form the second composition.
17. methods according to claim 14, is characterized in that, both described first composition, described second composition or described first composition and the second composition are powder, and wherein combine also to comprise and make described powder consolidation.
18. methods according to claim 17, is characterized in that, described first composition and described both second compositions are powder.
19. methods according to claim 18, described method also comprises:
The powder comprising described first composition is placed in the first area of container;
The powder comprising described second composition is placed in the second area of described container; With
Make described powder consolidation, thus described first composition and the second composition are combined.
20. 1 kinds of methods, described method comprises:
Deposit at oxide compound and in case the first powder comprising iron and chromium is ground, until described oxide compound is dissolved in described powdered alloy at least in part, thus form first composition with the first oxygen concn;
Deposit at oxide compound and in case the second powder comprising iron and chromium is ground, until described oxide compound is dissolved in described powdered alloy at least in part, thus forming second composition with the second oxygen concn, described second oxygen concn is greater than described first oxygen concn;
The powder comprising the first composition is placed in the first area of container;
The powder comprising the second composition is placed in the second area of described container; With
Make described powder consolidation, thus at a certain temperature described first composition and the second composition are combined to make the oxide compound comprising titanium and yttrium separate out in the matrix comprising iron and chromium;
Wherein, the first area of described container and the second area of described container are respectively corresponding to internal surface and the outside surface of the radial symmetry main body of turbomachinery components.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US14/103,895 US20150167129A1 (en) | 2013-12-12 | 2013-12-12 | Particulate strengthened alloy articles and methods of forming |
| US14/103895 | 2013-12-12 |
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| CN104711441A true CN104711441A (en) | 2015-06-17 |
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| US (1) | US20150167129A1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP2886672A3 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN104711441A (en) |
Cited By (5)
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| CN105695834A (en) * | 2016-02-20 | 2016-06-22 | 杨鑫 | Female forming die |
| CN105734376A (en) * | 2016-02-23 | 2016-07-06 | 李冲 | Draw hook as medical equipment for gynaecology department |
| CN105734326A (en) * | 2016-03-19 | 2016-07-06 | 蔡建斌 | Ophthalmic surgery shovel |
| CN108396172A (en) * | 2018-02-23 | 2018-08-14 | 深圳万佳互动科技有限公司 | A kind of granule intensified titanium-base compound material and preparation method thereof |
| CN108950346A (en) * | 2018-04-03 | 2018-12-07 | 袁颖宏 | A kind of sensibility can dissolve alloy material and its manufacturing method |
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| US10179943B2 (en) | 2014-07-18 | 2019-01-15 | General Electric Company | Corrosion resistant article and methods of making |
| US10786878B2 (en) * | 2017-07-24 | 2020-09-29 | General Electric Company | Method of welding with buttering |
| WO2020041726A1 (en) * | 2018-08-24 | 2020-02-27 | Oregon State University | Additive-containing alloy embodiments and methods of making and using the same |
| US11745256B2 (en) | 2020-12-18 | 2023-09-05 | Caterpillar Inc. | Casting parts cycle life improvement using localized gradient material |
| CN114959340B (en) * | 2022-05-18 | 2023-01-03 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Multi-principal-element oxide dispersion-strengthened superfine-crystal aluminum-based composite material and preparation method thereof |
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| US20080142126A1 (en) * | 2006-12-14 | 2008-06-19 | General Electric Company | Graded metallic structures and method of forming; and related articles |
| CN102134689A (en) * | 2009-12-14 | 2011-07-27 | 通用电气公司 | Methods for processing nanostructured ferritic alloys and articles produced thereby |
| CN102220884A (en) * | 2010-04-09 | 2011-10-19 | 通用电气公司 | Multi-alloy article, and method of manufacturing thereof |
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| CN105695834A (en) * | 2016-02-20 | 2016-06-22 | 杨鑫 | Female forming die |
| CN105734376A (en) * | 2016-02-23 | 2016-07-06 | 李冲 | Draw hook as medical equipment for gynaecology department |
| CN105734326A (en) * | 2016-03-19 | 2016-07-06 | 蔡建斌 | Ophthalmic surgery shovel |
| CN108396172A (en) * | 2018-02-23 | 2018-08-14 | 深圳万佳互动科技有限公司 | A kind of granule intensified titanium-base compound material and preparation method thereof |
| CN108396172B (en) * | 2018-02-23 | 2019-06-21 | 温州海诚光学有限公司 | A kind of granule intensified titanium-base compound material and preparation method thereof |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP2886672A2 (en) | 2015-06-24 |
| EP2886672A3 (en) | 2015-08-12 |
| US20150167129A1 (en) | 2015-06-18 |
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