CN104707248B - A kind of Phase Diagram Analysis method of cardiac pacemaker non-contact power system - Google Patents
A kind of Phase Diagram Analysis method of cardiac pacemaker non-contact power system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of Phase Diagram Analysis method of cardiac pacemaker non-contact power system, the analogue signal that sampling is obtained after filtering, A/D be converted to digital signal, then obtain input voltage and output voltage, the phasor of output electric current, regulate the circuit of internal electric supply installation finally according to the instantaneous value of zero extreme point of phasor.The present invention uses phase diagram theory can detect the output electric current of non-contact power system rapidly, it is effectively improved its detection time, and utilize the wireless module of point-to-point communication to realize wireless feedback voltage stabilizing algorithm, the voltage after noncontact electricity reception coil rectifying and wave-filtering is made to keep stable, charged chip charges to internal battery, thus save built-in voltage stabilizing circuit, reduce the caloric value of built-in circuit further, improve the reliability of built-in circuit and reduce its volume.Meanwhile, the present invention be possible to prevent internal by electricity inductance coil occur that overvoltage is subjected to impact because of external interference, improve the stability of cardiac pacemaker non-contact power system.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to non-contact power and automation field, be specifically related to a kind of Phase Diagram Analysis method of cardiac pacemaker non-contact power system.
Background technology
Heart heartstart is commonly used disposable battery and is powered, and the lithium primary cell of the high-energy-density wherein used only has the life-span of 3 to 5 years, expires and needs to change pacemaker and battery in the lump, and this power supply mode needs patient's Repeated Operation.Replace disposable battery with non-contact charging device, can be that cardiac pacemaker provides lasting electricity supply.Therefore, how to ensure that reliable power supply is the practical key of noncontact charging technique.
Cardiac pacemaker non-contact charger systems uses the mode of primary coil and secondary coil electromagnetic coupled to power, its internal portion is generally obtained induced voltage by secondary coil, the unidirectional current that amplitude is variable is obtained by current rectifying and wave filtering circuit, obtaining galvanic current pressure with integrated chip mu balanced circuit, the charged chip of this voltage charges to built-in pacemaker battery (or ultracapacitor).Built-in voltage stabilizing circuit is the link that this technology is weak, and many outstanding Switching Power Supply products all cannot ensure that built-in voltage stabilizing circuit can use the time up to more than ten years or even decades.The generally integrated chip of built-in voltage stabilizing circuit can generate heat, so that human body exceedes normal body temperature.
It addition, first have to solution in cardiac pacemaker practicalization is anti-interference problem.The frequency of non-contact charge is closer to the frequency ratio of the equipment such as electromagnetic oven, Switching Power Supply, and non-contact charger systems often can meet with high-intensity magnetic field and disturb and induce overvoltage, thus affects the safe operation of non-contact charger systems.
External mu balanced circuit can be used to save the built-in voltage stabilizing circuit being made up of integrated chip.Traditional scheme is to output electric current, voltage detecting usual hardware and software filtering, digital algorithm etc., these schemes generally take out the centrifugal pump of the several switch periods of several switch periods even ten, above signal is simply averaged or obtains result through hardware or software filtering, digital algorithm scheduling algorithm, feed back to the switching device on former limit again, thus control the switching device of primary coil and change its dutycycle.Due to noncontact circuit magnetic field coupled relation and the dual change of load, application such scheme feedback control noncontact circuit, real-time is poor, occurs when magnetic field coupling such as rocks at the acute variation, ripple rate maximum can exceed ± 20%, and be unsatisfactory for non-contact power regulates requirement in real time.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve above-mentioned technical problem, the invention provides a kind of Phase Diagram Analysis method of cardiac pacemaker non-contact power system.The present invention uses phase diagram theory can detect the output electric current of non-contact power system rapidly, it is effectively improved the device detection time, and use the energy that wireless feedback voltage stabilizing algorithmic stability built-in circuit receives, the voltage after the rectifying and wave-filtering of noncontact electricity reception coil (secondary coil) is made to keep stable, thus save built-in voltage stabilizing circuit, reduce the caloric value of built-in circuit, improve the reliability of built-in circuit and reduce its volume.
The technical scheme is that a kind of Phase Diagram Analysis method of cardiac pacemaker non-contact power system, its step is as follows: step one: build non-contact power system；
Described non-contact power system includes internal charging device, external electric supply installation and wireless locating module；Described external electric supply installation includes primary coil, push-pull converter circuit, external voltage detecting circuit, drive circuit and external wireless module；Described internal charging device includes secondary coil, current rectifying and wave filtering circuit, internal voltage detecting circuit, current detection circuit, charging chip, super capacitor and internal wireless module；Described primary coil forms noncontact coupling transformer with secondary coil；
Step 2: utilize external voltage detecting circuit by the voltage at primary coil two endsu abIt is converted into the analogue signal being proportional to, then passes to external wireless module and be converted into digital quantity；Utilize internal voltage detecting circuit by the output voltage of current rectifying and wave filtering circuitU oIt is converted into the analogue signal being proportional to, utilize current detection circuit that the output electric current of current rectifying and wave filtering circuit is converted into the analogue signal being proportional to, the analogue signal of output voltage and output electric current is respectively sent to internal wireless module and is converted into corresponding digital quantity；
Step 3: internal wireless module is obtained with output electric currenti oAnd output voltageU oProportional digital quantity is sent to external wireless module, and with in external wireless module with voltageu abProportional digital quantity is variable, utilizes trace-point method to obtain voltageu abWith output electric currenti oPhasor, voltageu abAnd output voltageU oPhasor；
Step 4: detect voltage by Phase Diagram Analysis methodu abWith output electric currenti oPhasor, voltageu abAnd output voltageU oZero extreme point of phasor, according to zero extreme point, they are resolved into 8 sections, and obtain output voltage and output current average according to the instantaneous value of zero extreme point；
Step 5: according to output voltage and output current average, external wireless module utilizes the dutycycle of drive circuit feedback control push-pull converter circuit, thus stablizes the output voltage of current rectifying and wave filtering circuitU o。
Described secondary coil two ends are parallel with varistor.
Described wireless locating module, internal wireless module and external wireless module use ZigBee-network composition wireless positioning network, it is achieved cardiac pacemaker is positioned and between data communication.
The primary coil of described external electric supply installation is connected with push-pull converter circuit, push-pull converter circuit is connected with external voltage detecting circuit, external voltage detecting circuit is connected with external wireless module, external wireless module is connected with drive circuit, and drive circuit is connected with push-pull converter circuit；Described internal charging device secondary coil is connected with current rectifying and wave filtering circuit, and current rectifying and wave filtering circuit is connected with charging chip, and charging chip is connected with super capacitor, and cardiac pacemaker is connected in parallel on the two ends of super capacitor, thus realizes charging super capacitor；Described internal voltage detecting circuit is connected in parallel on the two ends of current rectifying and wave filtering circuit, and current detection circuit is connected in series with current rectifying and wave filtering circuit；Internal voltage detecting circuit, current detection circuit are connected with internal wireless module, and internal wireless module gathers output voltage and output electric current.
Described push-pull converter circuit includes two division inductance and two switching tubes；After described external wireless module makees level conversion by drive circuit, control push-pull converter circuit breaker in middle pipe alternate conduction and disconnection, thus regulate the dutycycle of switching tube.
It is parallel with stabilivolt between described internal voltage detecting circuit and current rectifying and wave filtering circuit；The A/D port of described internal wireless module and external module is provided with stabilivolt.
Described voltageu abWith output electric currenti oPhasor, voltageu abAnd output voltageU o8 sections of phasor include that path I ~ VIII, the starting point in path I ~ VIII each stage are zero extreme point respectively.
The step of the method that the described instantaneous value according to zero extreme point obtains output voltage and output current average is: judge the path that current circuit is in phasor；Judge its next zero extreme point；The sampled value utilizing next zero extreme point is multiplied by corresponding correction factor and obtains output voltageU oWith output electric currenti oMeansigma methods.
The Path Method that the current circuit of described judgement is in phasor is: first determine whether voltageu abInstantaneous polarity whether more than zero；Then voltage is judgedu abIt is in propradation, or declines state；Judge that current output electric current is in propradation again, or decline state.
The present invention uses phase diagram theory can detect the output electric current of non-contact power system rapidly, it is effectively improved its detection time, it is made to shorten to 1/4 ~ 1/2 switch periods of switching device, and utilize the wireless module of point-to-point communication to realize wireless feedback voltage stabilizing algorithm, stabilize the energy that its built-in circuit receives, the voltage after noncontact electricity reception coil rectifying and wave-filtering is made to keep stable, charged chip charges to internal battery, thus save built-in voltage stabilizing circuit, reduce the caloric value of built-in circuit further, improve the reliability of built-in circuit and reduce its volume.Meanwhile, the present invention be possible to prevent internal by electricity inductance coil occur that overvoltage is subjected to impact because of external interference, improve the stability of cardiac pacemaker non-contact power system.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the non-contact power system of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the circuit theory diagrams of the external voltage detecting circuit of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is voltage of the present inventionu abThe experimental waveform of ac sampling signal.
Fig. 4 is the circuit theory diagrams of voltage detecting circuit in body of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the circuit theory diagrams of current detection circuit of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is voltage of the present inventionu abWith output electric currenti oPhasor.
Fig. 7 is voltage of the present inventionu abWith output voltageU oPhasor.
Fig. 8 is the flow chart of the phase nomography of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is the output DC voltage U observedoVoltage regulation result.
Detailed description of the invention
Illustrate to illustrate the present invention with embodiment below by accompanying drawing.
Non-contact power system includes internal charging device, external electric supply installation and wireless locating module, as shown in Figure 1.External electric supply installation includes primary coilL P, push-pull converter circuit 7, external voltage detecting circuitT U1, drive circuit and external wireless module 4.Internal charging device includes secondary coilL S, current rectifying and wave filtering circuit 6, internal voltage detecting circuitT U2, current detection circuitT i, charging chip CN3068, super capacitor and internal wireless module 5.The primary coil of internal charging deviceL PSecondary coil with external electric supply installationL SComposition noncontact coupling transformer, realizes the transmission of electric energy by its electromagnetic coupled.
Wireless locating module includes 3 wireless modules, respectively wireless module I 1, wireless module II 2 and wireless module III 3.Wireless module I 1, wireless module II 2 and wireless module III 3 are separately mounted on patients room wall, make them be distributed in around patient.Wireless module I 1, wireless module II 2 and wireless module III 3 all include chip CC2530, use Zigbee protocol to form wireless positioning network, make them have the highest receiving sensitivity and interference free performance.Wireless locating module has bidirectional wireless communication function, and its communication frequency is 2.4GHz.
The primary coil of external electric supply installationL PIt is connected with push-pull converter circuit 7, push-pull converter circuit 7 and external voltage detecting circuitT U1It is connected, external voltage detecting circuitT U1Being connected with external wireless module 4, external wireless module 4 is connected with drive circuit, and drive circuit is connected with push-pull converter circuit 7.Primary coilL PTwo ends be parallel with former limit compensate electric capacityC P.Push-pull converter circuit 7 includes dividing inductanceL 41, division inductanceL 42, switching tube S41With switching tube S42.Switching tube S41With switching tube S42Using MOSFET element IRF540, its frequency is 68kHz.External voltage detecting circuitT U1Detection switching tube S41With switching tube S42Voltage between drain electrode i.e. supply voltageu ab, and the voltage that will gatheru abIt is sent to external wireless module 4.External wireless module 4 is provided with CC2530 chip.External wireless module 4 controls switching tube S by drive circuit41With switching tube S42The grid voltage i.e. voltage of main electricity.External wireless module 4 controls switching tube S after overdrive circuit makees level conversion41、S42Alternate conduction and disconnection.Therefore, non-contact power circuit in the outer electric supply installation of external wireless module 4 control volume, thus realize supply voltageu abThe collection of data and the control of main electricity.
Internal charging device secondary coilL SBeing connected with current rectifying and wave filtering circuit 6, current rectifying and wave filtering circuit 6 is connected with charging chip CN3068, charging chip CN3068 and super capacitorC 45、C 46Being connected, cardiac pacemaker is connected in parallel on the two ends of super capacitor, thus realizes charging.Internal voltage detecting circuitT U2It is connected in parallel on the two ends of current rectifying and wave filtering circuit 6, for measuring the output voltage of current rectifying and wave filtering circuit 6U o.Current detection circuitT iIt is connected in current rectifying and wave filtering circuit 6, for measuring the output electric current of current rectifying and wave filtering circuit 6i o.Internal voltage detecting circuitT U2, current detection circuitT iBeing connected with internal wireless module 5, internal wireless module 5 can gather output voltageU oWith output electric currenti o.Being provided with the CC2431 of embedded enhancement mode 8051 core with positioning function in internal wireless module 5, it can realize temperature check.Internal wireless module 5 and external wireless module 4 can carry out RFDC, thus the output voltage that will gatherU oWith output electric currenti oIt is sent to external wireless module 4.Internal voltage detecting circuitT U2With to be parallel with stabilivolt D41, stabilivolt D41 between current rectifying and wave filtering circuit 6 be the stabilivolt of 6.3V.Secondary coilL STwo ends be parallel with secondary compensate electric capacityC P。
The frequency of the circuit of non-contact power system is closer to the frequency ratio of the equipment such as electromagnetic oven, Switching Power Supply.When patient is close to this kind equipment, the secondary coil that human body is built-inL SCertain terminal voltage can be induced.In order to protect secondary coilL SWith the reliability of current rectifying and wave filtering circuit 6, the present invention proposes one and is effectively protected method: by secondary coilL STwo ends parallel connection varistorU RAs voltage-limiting element.VaristorU RMOV for 27V.Work as secondary coilL SSuffer high-intensity magnetic field impact and induced voltage more than 27V time, varistorU RResistance decrease will be close to zero, according to the impedance matching property of non-contact power, now secondary coilL SShort circuit, and faradic current is close to 0A.Due to primary coilL PTo secondary coilL SEnergy transmission there is typical electromagnetic characteristics, secondary coilL SWhen short circuit, the voltage at two ends, electric current, power are all close to zero.VaristorU RPlay the effect of protection late-class circuit, thus in reaching protective, charging device is from the impact of induced voltage.
Theory analysis: set varistorU RDuring short circuit, total equivalent resistance of the resistance of varistor and thereafter circuit isR O=0, ignore contactless power supply system coilL sWithL pInternal resistance, then reflected umpedanceZ MIn pure capacitive, the electromagnetic characteristics of secondary circuit is in total reflection state.ResistanceR OThe power absorbed is 0, electric currenti s=0。
By simulating, verifying, when being 80kHz, 220V when disturbing signal both end voltage, and secondary coilL SInternal resistance when being 0.1 Ω, secondary coilL SPower < the 0.1W consumed.Above theory and the simulating, verifying correctness of experimental result.
For the non-contact power system of loose coupling, by secondary coilL SShort circuit just corresponds to counteract primary coilL PMagnetic linkage, if the coefficient of coup increases further, then offset primary coilL PThe ability of two ends inductance further enhances.Work as primary coilL PWhen the equivalent inductance at two ends is reduced to depart from linear zone entrance saturation, be just equivalent to short circuit, at this moment direct voltage sourceV CCThe power of output just steeply rises.Primary coilL PWith secondary coilL SThe coefficient of coup be usually less than 0.2, secondary coilL SDuring short circuit, its power consumption is close to 0.
Before internal charging device, external electric supply installation realize electric energy transmission by electromagnetic coupled, need the position of internal charging device and external electric supply installation is positioned, generally realize location by ZigBee wireless positioning network.ZigBee wireless positioning network is made up of wireless locating module, internal wireless module 5 and external wireless module 4.External wireless module 4 serves not only as connecting wireless network and the gateway of Ethernet, also acts as the effect of network coordinator, completes the foundation of ZigBee-network, manage and safeguard.Wireless module I 1, wireless module II 2 and III wireless module 3 in wireless locating module, as the reference mode of location, is fixed on the ad-hoc location in room, and its position coordinate data is saved in the memorizer of its chip internal.
Internal wireless module 5 uses CC2431 as microcontroller, is internally provided with hardware positioning engine, and engine of positioning utilizes the wireless signal strength value received from wireless locating module, determines distance between the two.When internal wireless module 5 communicates with wireless module I 1, wireless module II 2 and wireless module III 3 simultaneously, just can be according to internal wireless module 5 and wireless module I 1, wireless module II 2 and the distance value of wireless module III 3, pass through distributed location method, it is thus achieved that the particular location of internal wireless module 5.Location information can be delivered to external wireless module 4 by ZigBee wireless positioning network by internal wireless module 5.As required, the supervisor (supervisor can not set) that location information can be sent in Ethernet by external wireless module 4.In order to save the power consumption of internal wireless module 5, external wireless module 4 is provided with timing detecting system, just only external wireless module 4 starts internal wireless module 5 at specific time period and when needing charging.
In non-contact power system, the input direct voltage of external electric supply installationV CC=15V, current-collecting device output DC voltageU o=5V.Charging current changes over, switching tube S41、S42Frequencyf s=68kHz, switch periods is 0.0147ms.Charging chip CN3068 has the function of Based Intelligent Control charging process, can automatically control the different conditions such as charging and floating charge.The temperature detection of circuit is completed by internal wireless module 5.
The crystal oscillator frequency of wireless locating module, internal wireless module 5 and external wireless module 4 chips is 32MHz.The communication frequency of the wireless transmission and receiving process of one complete point-to-point communication is 250kHz, can synchronously complete in a complete communication cycle ten several times voltage x current sampling (8 precision), its sample rate meets requirement.
Experiment test obtains, and the position location error to cardiac pacemaker of the wireless line location network that wireless locating module, internal wireless module 5 and external wireless module 4 are constituted, within 1 meter, meets and uses requirement.
In order to ensure the safety of patient, by the ground point selection of non-contact charge on the bed of patient, charge period selects the sleep period patient, and when other place, built-in noncontact circuit is in off position.Primary coilL PIt is arranged under bed board, secondary coilL SIt is arranged on cardiac pacemaker inward flange.Generally primary coilL PAnd secondary coilL SWithin must being maintained at a certain distance, work as primary coilL PFrequency when being 68kHz, the distance of non-contact power system is 0.15 meter, primary coilL PFrequency improve then power supply distance increase.
During charging, wireless positioning network realizes point-to-point communication by Zigbee protocol, so that primary coilL PAnd secondary coilL SRealize voltage stabilizing through-put power.When the timing detecting system of external wireless module 4 detect internal wireless module 5 enter locality and internal battery under-voltage time, external wireless module 4 starts charging after judging, thus the outer electric supply installation of control volume is powered to internal charging device, it is achieved the purpose of timing location charging.Specifically, secondary coilL SDiode D42 ~ D45 rectification in the rectified filter circuit of induced voltage 6 obtained, inductanceL 43WithL 44, electric capacityC 41~C 43Stable VD is obtained after filteringU o, its size is 5V；The most charged special chip CN3068 is to internal battery super capacitorC 45、C 46Charging, finally utilizes super capacitorC 45、C 46Cardiac pacemaker is charged.
In order to improve the reliability of heart heartstart non-contact power system, use according to output voltageU oThe outer electric supply installation of big small control volume in push-pull converter circuit 7 wireless feedback method liptinite in the energy that receives of charging device, make noncontact electricity reception coil i.e. secondary coilL SVoltage after rectifying and wave-filtering keeps stable, powers to charging chip CN3068 with this burning voltage and can save built-in voltage stabilizing circuit.Due to magnetic field coupled relation and load change, the most accurately obtain the output voltage after rectifying and wave-filteringU oWith output electric currenti oChange particularly important to feedback control.Present invention the principle of phase diagram, first obtains electric currenti oCorrection factorαAnd output voltageU oCorrection factorβ, output current average after rectifying and wave-filteringi oavAnd output voltage average valueU oavThrough the meansigma methods of correction factor correction, more approaching to reality, reach quickly to analyze output electric currenti oAnd output voltageU oPurpose.Specifically, the step of a kind of Phase Diagram Analysis method of cardiac pacemaker non-contact power system is:
Step one: build non-contact power system.
According to non-contact power system as shown in Figure 1, internal charging device is carried on human body, external electric supply installation is installed under the bed board of patient, wireless module I 1, wireless module II 2 and wireless module III 3 in wireless locating module is separately mounted to left and right before and after bed, makes them be distributed in around bed.Meanwhile, external wireless module 4 is utilized to build the wireless positioning network between wireless locating module, internal wireless module 5 and external wireless module 4 by Zigbee protocol.
Step 2: utilize external voltage detecting circuitT U1By supply voltageu abIt is converted into the analogue signal being proportional to, is sent to external wireless module 4 and is converted into digital quantity；Utilize internal voltage detecting circuitT U2Output voltage by current rectifying and wave filtering circuit 6U oIt is converted into the analogue signal being proportional to, utilizes current detection circuitT iBy the output electric current of current rectifying and wave filtering circuit 6i oIt is converted into the analogue signal being proportional to, and output voltageU oWith output electric currenti oAnalogue signal be respectively sent to internal wireless module 5 and be converted into corresponding digital quantity.
Need the voltage of samplingu abIt is the alternating voltage of main circuit, external voltage detecting circuitT U1Circuit former road figure as shown in Figure 2.Alternating voltageu abAmplitude the tolerance range of amplifier AMP1 more than 100V, can be exceeded, and can not with amplifier AMP1 altogether, must be by resistor voltage divider circuit primary coilL PThe voltage at two endsu abReduce to small voltage signal.Use R1~R4Constitute prime bleeder circuit, determine roughlyu abPartial pressure range.If R1=R2, R3=R4, voltagev 1-v 2With voltageu abValue linearly proportional.Amplifier AMP1 and R5~R8Composition circuit, amplifier AMP1 is operated in linear zone, according to the principle of amplifier: ifv a1 =v b1, R5=R6, R7=R8, thenv o1/(v 1-v 2) = R 8 /R5, i.e.v o1By signalv 1-v 2Amplify (reducing) R8/R5Times.Amplifier AMP2 and accessory circuit constitute low-pass filter circuit (bandwidth 0 ~ 1MHz), amplifier AMP3 and R13~R19Composition circuit, with signal is delivered to after the amplitude of amplifier AMP2 and AMP3 regulation voltage signal again the A/D port of CC2530 in external wireless module 4.The A/D port of chip CC2530 can only detect positive voltage signal, and voltageu abBeing AC signal, the AC signal of zero passage need to become positive voltage signal and the voltage range less than digital-to-analogue chip, this is accomplished by the most again the digital quantity obtained being deducted this superposition value plus a positive voltage signal as superposition value, it is possible to obtain and voltageu abCorresponding proportional digital quantity.The ac voltage signal that amplifier AMP1 is exportedv o1The DC reference voltage of one 1V of superposition, is allowed to be transformed into pulsating dc voltage signalv o3, this signal is delivered to the A/D port of CC2530, is deducted the DC reference voltage digital quantity of 1V, i.e. obtain ac voltage signal after CC2530 acquisition digital signalv o1Digital quantity, this digital quantity and voltageu abCorresponding proportional.Stabilivolt D is increased in the A/D port of CC25301, clipping signal amplitudes is less than 3.3V.Wherein, voltageu abAc sampling signalv o3Experimental waveform as shown in Figure 3.
Internal voltage detecting circuitT U2Circuit theory diagrams as shown in Figure 4.Amplifier AMP6 and accessory circuit constitute the bandwidth-limited circuit with a width of 20 ~ 100kHz.Voltage signal after bandwidth-limited circuit processesv o6The A/D port delivering to internal wireless module 5 chips CC2530 obtains voltage signalv o6The digital quantity of (having the direct current of pulsation), this digital quantity and output voltageU oCorresponding proportional.Stabilivolt D is increased in the A/D port of chip CC253031, clipping signal amplitudes is less than 3.3V.
Current detection circuitT iCircuit theory diagrams as shown in Figure 5.Electric currenti oScope be 0 ~ 100mA, electric currenti oFlowing through resistance is 0.1 Ω sampling resistorR 21, at sampling resistorR 21The voltage difference of upper generation 0 ~ 0.01V.Amplifier AMP4 is operated in linear zone, according to the principle of amplifier: ifv a4 =v b4,R 22=R 23=1k Ω,R 24=R 25=100k Ω, thenv o4/(i o R 21) =R 24/R 22, i.e. the output voltage signal of amplifier AMP4v o4By signali o R 21Amplify 100 times.Amplifier AMP5 and electric capacity C21~C 22, resistanceR 26~R 29Constituting bandwidth-limited circuit, this bandwidth-limited circuit filters voltagev o4Harmonic components, retain 30KHz ~ 90KHz fundamental signal.Electric current will be exported by said processi oBeing converted into analog current signal, the A/D input of the microprocessor being then passed through internal wireless module 5 is converted to digital signal.In order to protect microprocessor from over-voltage breakdown, increase stabilivolt D in the port of processor A/D21, limit its signal amplitude less than 3.3V.
Step 3: internal wireless module 5 is obtained with output electric currenti oAnd output voltageU oProportional digital quantity is sent to external wireless module 4, and with in external wireless module 4 with voltageu abProportional digital quantity is variable, utilizes trace-point method to obtain voltageu abWith output electric currenti oPhasor, voltageu abAnd output voltageU oPhasor.
Wherein, voltageu abWith output electric currenti oPhasor as shown in Figure 6, voltageu abAnd output voltageU oPhasor as shown in Figure 7.From Fig. 6 and Fig. 7, voltageu abWith output electric currenti oPhasor, voltageu abAnd output voltageU oPhasor to be double scrollwork popular.
Step 4: detect voltage by Phase Diagram Analysis methodu abWith output electric currenti oPhasor, voltageu abAnd output voltageU oZero extreme point of phasor, according to zero extreme point, they are resolved into 8 sections, and obtain output voltage and the meansigma methods of output electric current according to the instantaneous value of zero extreme point.
Voltage is detected by Phase Diagram Analysis methodu abWith output electric currenti oPhasor, voltageu abAnd output voltageU oZero extreme point of phasor, from Fig. 6 and Fig. 7, they have 7 zero extreme points, owing to they are that double scrollwork is popular, can be decomposed into 8 sections.Meanwhile, output electric current is obtainedi oCorrection factorαAnd output voltageU oCorrection factorβ, output current average after rectifying and wave-filteringi oavAnd output voltage average valueU oav.Through the correction of correction factor, can the meansigma methods of more approaching to reality, reach quickly to analyze output electric currenti oAnd output voltageU oPurpose.
By voltageu abWith output electric currenti oPhasor, voltageu abAnd output voltageU oPhasor, be decomposed into for I ~ VIII stage, the starting point in each stage is 1. ~ 7. point, as shown in Figure 6 and Figure 7.Wherein, voltageu abIt is switching tube S41、S42Voltage between drain electrode.Because output electric currenti oThe equivalent load flow throughR 21For ohmic load, the time that 7 zero extreme points that two phasors are corresponding produce is corresponding consistent.As shown in Figure 6,1., 5. it is electric currenti oMaximum point, be 3., 7. electric currenti oMinimum point, be 6., 2. voltageu abMaximum point, be 4. voltageu abZero point.Voltageu abWith output electric currenti oPhasor specificity analysis as shown in table 1.
Table 1 voltageu abWith output electric currenti oPhasor specificity analysis
By Fig. 6 and Biao 1 it can be seen that the state feature in path I ~ VIII is at voltageu abWith output electric currenti oPhasor in take on a different character, as long as find out any two time point detection signal, it is judged that voltageu abWith output electric currenti oIt is respectively at rising or decline state, then judges voltageu abInstantaneous polarity, can determine whether in the path residing for the two time point, i.e. path I ~ VIII.Judge through the 1. ~ sampled point in concrete moment 7. put after finding path again, through 1. ~ 7. put time, voltageu abOr output voltageU oOr output electric currenti oThere will be substantial change, zero passage i.e. occur or is proceeded to the situation declining or being proceeded to by decline to rise by rising, finding the particular moment that these situations occur, its sampled point be i.e. intended in the path I ~ VIII looked for the point mutually changed 1. ~ 7..
According to conclusions, at most sample 7 ~ 8 times i.e. can detect that a little 1. ~ 7. at least one voltageu abWith output electric currenti oZero extreme point sampled value.In like manner, Fig. 7 is utilized can to detect voltageu abAnd output voltageU oZero extreme point sampled value.Then according to external voltage detecting circuitT U1, internal voltage detecting circuitT U2And current detection circuitT iThe multiple of middle circuit scaling, is multiplied by corresponding coefficient by zero extreme point sampled value and can convert and obtain output voltageU oWith output electric currenti oActual value.
As shown in Figure 8, in figure, N represents that "No", Y represent "Yes" to the particular flow sheet of phase nomography.u abN () represents the voltage that present sample obtainsu abDigital signal value,u ab(n-1) digital signal value that previous sampling obtains is represented.
Detailed process is: first determine whether voltageu abInstantaneous polarity whether equal to zero；Voltageu abInstantaneous polarity whether more than zero；Then voltage is judgedu abBe in propradation (u ab(n)-u ab(n-1) >=0), or decline state (u ab(n)-u ab(n-1)<0)；Judge electric current againi o(n) be in propradation (i o(n)-i o(n-1) >=0), or decline state (i o(n)-i o(n-1)<0).It is divided into 9 kinds of situations:
(1) when voltage sample valueu abDuring (n)=0, run on the point of phasor of Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 4..In the phasor of the concrete example of the present invention, some output electric current 4.i oActual value be 228.4A, meansigma methodsi oav=229.1A.Point output electric current 4.i oCorrection factorα 4=(229.1/228.4) ≈ 1.0031.Now corresponding for Fig. 7 output voltageU oFor 4.988V, average voltageU oav=5.003V, it can be seen that, some output voltage 4.U oCorrection factorβ 4=(5.003/4.988) ≈ 1.003.After obtaining some instantaneous value 4., meansigma methodsi oav=i o(n-1) × coefficientα 4, meansigma methodsU oav=U o(n-1) × coefficientβ 4.Output voltageU oWith output electric currenti oFilter effect along with current rectifying and wave filtering circuit 6 filter effect change, correction factorα 4Withβ 4Also have the change in amplitude, but they are all the permanent values more than 1.
(2) voltage is worked asu ab> 0, and voltageu abIt is in decline stateu ab(n)-u ab(n-1) < when 0, and electric currenti o(n) be in propradation (i o(n)-i o(n-1) >=0), phasor the most now is positioned at the state in path VII, makes n=n+1, until newu abN () < 0 (i.e.u ab(n-1) >=0 is false), the most previous sampled valueu ab(n-1) closest to the point in Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 4..Output electric currenti oCorrection factorα 4And output voltageU oCorrection factorβ 4Computational methods are ibid.
(3) voltage is worked asu ab> 0, and voltageu abIt is in decline stateu ab(n)-u ab(n-1) < when 0, and electric currenti o(n) be in decline state (i o(n)- i o(n-1) < 0), double scrollwork phasors the most now are positioned at the state in path VI, make n=n+1, untili o(n)-i o(n-1) > 0, the most previous sampled valueu ab(n-1) closest to the 7. point of phasor of Fig. 6 and Fig. 7.7. the output electric current puti oCorrection factorα 7=(229.1/228.05) ≈ 1.0046.Now corresponding Fig. 7 voltageU oFor 4.981V, average voltageU oavFor 5.003V, it is seen then that the output voltage 7. putU oCorrection factorβ 7=(5.003/4.981) ≈ 1.0044.Meansigma methodsi oav=i o(n-1) × coefficientα 7, meansigma methodsU oav=U o(n-1) × coefficientβ 7.The filter effect of different circuit all affects correction factorα 7Withβ 7, but they are all the permanent values more than 1.
(4) voltage is worked asu ab> 0, and voltageu abIt is in propradationu ab(n)-
u ab(n-1) >=0, and electric currenti o(n) be in decline state (i o(n)- i o(n-1) < 0), double scrollwork phasors the most now are positioned at the state in path V, make n=n+1, untilu ab(n)- u ab(n-1) < 0, the most previous sampled valueu ab(n-1) closest to the 6. point of phasor of Fig. 6 and Fig. 7.Output electric currenti oCorrection factorα 6And output voltageU oCorrection factorβ 6Computational methods are ibid.
(5) voltage is worked asu ab> 0, and voltageu abIt is in propradationu ab(n)-
u ab(n-1) >=0, and electric currenti o(n) be in propradation (i o(n)- i o(n-1) >=0), double scrollwork phasors the most now are positioned at the state in path IV, make n=n+1, untili o(n)- i o(n-1)
< 0, the most previous sampled valueu ab(n-1) closest to the point in Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 phasor 5..Electric currenti oCorrection factorα 5And output voltageU oCorrection factorβ 5Computational methods are ibid.
(6) voltage is worked asu ab< 0, and voltageu abIt is in propradationu ab(n)-
u ab(n-1) >=0, and electric currenti o(n) be in propradation (i o(n)- i o(n-1) >=0), double scrollwork phasors the most now are positioned at the state in path III, make n=n+1, untilu abN () ＞ 0 sets up, the most previous sampled valueu ab(n-1) closest to the 4. point of phasor of Fig. 6 and Fig. 7.Electric currenti oCorrection factorα 4And output voltageU oCorrection factorβ 4Computational methods are ibid.
(7) voltage is worked asu ab< 0, and voltageu abIt is in propradationu ab(n)-
u ab(n-1) >=0, and electric currenti o(n) be in decline state (i o(n)- i o(n-1) < 0), double scrollwork phasors the most now are positioned at the state in path II, make n=n+1, until (i o(n)- i o(n-1) >=0 sets up, the most previous sampled valueu ab(n-1) closest to the 3. point of phasor of Fig. 6 and Fig. 7.Output electric currenti oCorrection factorα 3And output voltageU oCorrection factorβ 3Computational methods are ibid.
(8) voltage is worked asu ab< 0, and voltageu abIt is in decline stateu ab(n)-
u ab(n-1) < 0, and electric currenti o(n) be in decline state (i o(n)- i o(n-1) < 0), double scrollwork phasors the most now are positioned at the state in path I, make n=n+1, untilu ab(n)- u ab(n-1)
>=0 sets up, the most previous sampled valueu ab(n-1) closest to the 2. point of phasor of Fig. 6 and Fig. 7.Electric currenti oCorrection factorα 2And output voltageU oCorrection factorβ 2Computational methods are ibid.
(9) voltage is worked asu ab< 0, and voltageu abIt is in decline stateu ab(n)-
u ab(n-1) < 0, and electric currenti o(n) be in propradation (i o(n)- i o(n-1) >=0), double scrollwork phasors the most now are positioned at the state in path VIII, make n=n+1, until (i o(n)-i o(n-1) < 0 sets up, the most previous sampled valueu ab(n-1) closest to the 1. point of phasor of Fig. 6 and Fig. 7.Electric currenti oCorrection factorα 1And output voltageU oCorrection factorβ 1Computational methods are ibid.
If having obtained the output electric current 3. put in Fig. 6i oValue is 228mA, instantaneous voltage in the most corresponding Fig. 7U oFor 4.98V, average voltageU oavFor 5.003V, it is seen then that the output voltage 3. putU oCorrection factorβ 3=(5.003/4.98)≈1.0046.Although the instantaneous voltage detectedU oLess than setting value, but being based on phase diagram theory and judge that the output voltage average value in this moment is higher than setting value, this algorithm is effectively increased accuracy and the real-time of detection.
Step 5: according to output voltageU oWith output electric currenti oMeansigma methods, external wireless module 4 utilizes the dutycycle of drive circuit feedback control push-pull converter circuit 7, thus stablizes the output voltage of current rectifying and wave filtering circuit 6U o。
The dutycycle of push-pull converter circuit 7 refers to switching tube S41、S42Dutycycle.When the coefficient of coup is constant, switching tube S41、S42Dutycycle with output electric currenti oMeansigma methods and output voltageU oMeansigma methods product be directly proportional, according to output electric currenti oAnd output voltageU oChange, external wireless module 4 utilizes the feedback regulation push-pull converter circuit 7 breaker in middle pipe S of drive circuit real time high-speed41、S42Dutycycle, then primary coilL PAnd secondary coilL SCoupling produces electric energy and transmits, thus rectified filter circuit 6 feedback regulation output voltageU o.This wireless feedback method can eliminate coefficient of coup change and the fluctuation of load to output voltageU oImpact.
Switching tube S41、S42Frequency be 68kHz, secondary coilL SThe induced voltage obtained is this frequency alternating current, the output voltage that rectified filter circuit obtainsU o, output electric currenti oAll there is 68kHz ripple.Its filter capacitorC 41~C 43And inductanceL 43、L 44Can not infinitely choose.In the case of satisfied use requires, rationally selecting filtering device, it is allowed to a range of ripple, the static ripple of this current rectifying and wave filtering circuit 6 is within ± 6 ‰.Even such static ripple, the excursion of its sample rate current also close to 12 ‰, the internal wireless module 5 (built-in enhancement mode 51 single-chip microcomputer kernel) the accurate judgement to feedback signal of this ripple strong influence.Dynamic tracking regulation ripple is also had to occur during circuit regulation, it is necessary to make to judge accurately in static ripple location to current and voltage signals.The present invention uses detection switching tube S41、S42Voltage between drain electrodeu abWith output electric currenti oPhasor, comprise the output electric current of 68kHz ripple relative to position judgment according to the manifold of phasori oMeansigma methods, detect output voltage simultaneouslyU oSituation of change, its scheme can calculate current average signal in 1/4 switch periods.Therefore the present invention is effectively increased the detection time of circuit so that it is shortening to 1/4 ~ 1/2 switch periods of switching device, the speed of detection is fast and reliability is high.Emulate with the results show the feasibility of conclusions.
Internal wireless module 5 obtains rectified filter circuit 6 filtered output electric current in real timei oAnd output voltageU oSampled signal, and pass to external wireless module 4.External wireless module 4 regulates the switching device dutycycle of external electric supply installation, can stablize current rectifying and wave filtering circuit 6 and be transferred to the voltage of charging chip CN3068, and this mode can save the mu balanced circuit of internal portion.Human body allows temperature rise to be 2 DEG C, and the mu balanced circuit saving internal portion can reduce circuit caloric value, reduces human body heating most important, and can improve the reliability of built-in circuit and reduce volume.
In sum, due to circuit magnetic field coupled relation and the dual change of load of non-contact power system, it is particularly important quickly to follow the tracks of also feedback control to obtain the change of output voltage electric current in real time.The present invention utilizes phase diagram theory quickly to detect scheme tracking the switching tube for the external electric supply installation of feedback control, the VD of the circuit obtained of output voltage and output electric currentU oRipple rate < ± 1.5%, at primary coilL PAnd secondary coilL SWhen the coefficient of coup and load change, < its frequency is 250kHz to tracking response speed for 1/4 switch periods, a complete wireless transmission and receiving process, can complete ten voltage x current samplings several times in a complete communication cycle.Therefore, consider judgement time (less than 1/4 switch periods 3.68 μ s) and the operation time of software of tracking response, the detection of circuit and 1/4 ~ 1/2 switch periods (i.e. 3.68 μ s ~ 7.36 μ s) shortening to switching device feedback control total time, the accuracy of detection meets load request.The VD U observedoVoltage regulation result with the output voltage comparing result using chaos detection and feedback method to obtain as shown in Figure 9.It can be seen that the output voltage using Phase Diagram Analysis fast algorithm feedback to obtain is more more stable than traditional method.
The above; being only the present invention preferably detailed description of the invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, any those familiar with the art is in the technical scope that the invention discloses; the change that can readily occur in or replacement, all should contain within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. the Phase Diagram Analysis method of a cardiac pacemaker non-contact power system, it is characterised in that its step is as follows:
Step one: build non-contact power system；
Described non-contact power system includes internal charging device, external electric supply installation and wireless locating module；Described external electric supply installation includes primary coil, push-pull converter circuit, external voltage detecting circuit, drive circuit and external wireless module；Described internal charging device includes secondary coil, current rectifying and wave filtering circuit, internal voltage detecting circuit, current detection circuit, charging chip, super capacitor and internal wireless module；Described primary coil forms noncontact coupling transformer with secondary coil；
Step 2: utilize external voltage detecting circuit by the voltage at primary coil two endsu abIt is converted into the analogue signal being proportional to, then passes to external wireless module and be converted into digital quantity；Utilize internal voltage detecting circuit by the output voltage of current rectifying and wave filtering circuitU oIt is converted into the analogue signal being proportional to, utilize current detection circuit that the output electric current of current rectifying and wave filtering circuit is converted into the analogue signal being proportional to, the analogue signal of output voltage and output electric current is respectively sent to internal wireless module and is converted into corresponding digital quantity；
Step 3: internal wireless module is obtained with output electric currenti oAnd output voltageU oProportional digital quantity is sent to external wireless module, and with in external wireless module with voltageu abProportional digital quantity is variable, utilizes trace-point method to obtain voltageu abWith output electric currenti oPhasor, voltageu abAnd output voltageU oPhasor；
Step 4: detect voltage by Phase Diagram Analysis methodu abWith output electric currenti oPhasor, voltageu abAnd output voltageU oZero extreme point of phasor, according to zero extreme point, they are resolved into 8 sections, and obtain output voltage and output current average according to the instantaneous value of zero extreme point；
Step 5: according to output voltage and output current average, external wireless module utilizes the dutycycle of drive circuit feedback control push-pull converter circuit, thus stablizes the output voltage of current rectifying and wave filtering circuitU o。
The Phase Diagram Analysis method of cardiac pacemaker non-contact power system the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described secondary coil two ends are parallel with varistor.
The Phase Diagram Analysis method of cardiac pacemaker non-contact power system the most according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that, described wireless locating module, internal wireless module and external wireless module use ZigBee-network composition wireless positioning network, it is achieved cardiac pacemaker is positioned and between data communication.
The Phase Diagram Analysis method of cardiac pacemaker non-contact power system the most according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, the primary coil of described external electric supply installation is connected with push-pull converter circuit, push-pull converter circuit is connected with external voltage detecting circuit, external voltage detecting circuit is connected with external wireless module, external wireless module is connected with drive circuit, and drive circuit is connected with push-pull converter circuit；Described internal charging device secondary coil is connected with current rectifying and wave filtering circuit, and current rectifying and wave filtering circuit is connected with charging chip, and charging chip is connected with super capacitor, and cardiac pacemaker is connected in parallel on the two ends of super capacitor, thus realizes charging super capacitor；Described internal voltage detecting circuit is connected in parallel on the two ends of current rectifying and wave filtering circuit, and current detection circuit is connected in series with current rectifying and wave filtering circuit；Internal voltage detecting circuit, current detection circuit are connected with internal wireless module, and internal wireless module gathers output voltage and output electric current.
The Phase Diagram Analysis method of cardiac pacemaker non-contact power system the most according to claim 3, it is characterised in that described push-pull converter circuit includes two division inductance and two switching tubes；After described external wireless module makees level conversion by drive circuit, control push-pull converter circuit breaker in middle pipe alternate conduction and disconnection, thus regulate the dutycycle of switching tube.
The Phase Diagram Analysis method of cardiac pacemaker non-contact power system the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that be parallel with stabilivolt between described internal voltage detecting circuit and current rectifying and wave filtering circuit；The A/D port of described internal wireless module and external module is provided with stabilivolt.
The Phase Diagram Analysis method of cardiac pacemaker non-contact power system the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described voltageu abWith output electric currenti oPhasor, voltageu abAnd output voltageU o8 sections of phasor include that path I ~ VIII, the starting point in path I ~ VIII each stage are zero extreme point respectively.
The Phase Diagram Analysis method of cardiac pacemaker non-contact power system the most according to claim 7, it is characterized in that, the step of the method that the described instantaneous value according to zero extreme point obtains output voltage and output current average is: judge the path that current circuit is in phasor；Judge its next zero extreme point；The sampled value utilizing next zero extreme point is multiplied by corresponding correction factor and obtains output voltageU oWith output electric currenti oMeansigma methods.
The Phase Diagram Analysis method of cardiac pacemaker non-contact power system the most according to claim 8, it is characterised in that the Path Method that the current circuit of described judgement is in phasor is: first determine whether voltageu abInstantaneous polarity whether more than zero；Then voltage is judgedu abIt is in propradation, or declines state；Judge that current output electric current is in propradation again, or decline state.
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| CN102895734A (en) * | 2012-10-30 | 2013-01-30 | 河南工程学院 | Two-path dual-active non-contact power system for cardiac pacemaker |
| CN103414259A (en) * | 2013-08-23 | 2013-11-27 | 广西电网公司电力科学研究院 | Current-mode IPT system efficiency optimizing control circuit and method |
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| CN102895734A (en) * | 2012-10-30 | 2013-01-30 | 河南工程学院 | Two-path dual-active non-contact power system for cardiac pacemaker |
| CN103414259A (en) * | 2013-08-23 | 2013-11-27 | 广西电网公司电力科学研究院 | Current-mode IPT system efficiency optimizing control circuit and method |
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