CN104700699A - Teaching model for abdominal examination skill training during pregnancy - Google Patents
Teaching model for abdominal examination skill training during pregnancy Download PDFInfo
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- CN104700699A CN104700699A CN201510138761.8A CN201510138761A CN104700699A CN 104700699 A CN104700699 A CN 104700699A CN 201510138761 A CN201510138761 A CN 201510138761A CN 104700699 A CN104700699 A CN 104700699A
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- G09B23/28—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for medicine
- G09B23/281—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for medicine for pregnancy, birth or obstetrics
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Abstract
The invention discloses a teaching model for abdominal examination skill training during pregnancy. The teaching model comprises a pregnancy abdomen phantom, wherein the pregnancy abdomen phantom can be fixed to the abdomen of a whole female body mode, a uterus phantom and a pelvis inlet phantom are arranged in the pregnancy abdomen phantom, a fetus phantom is arranged in the uterus phantom, and liquid is filled between the fetus phantom and the inner wall of the uterus phantom. A first microphone is arranged on the fetus phantom and used for playing fetal heart sound and umbilical cord sound, a second microphone is arranged on the uterus phantom and used for playing uterine souffle, placental souffle and aorta abdominalis souffle, and the first microphone and the second microphone are in signal connection with a player. A vibration device for simulating fetal movement is arranged on the fetus phantom and is in signal connection with the controller. The teaching model for abdominal examination skill training during pregnancy has the advantages of being simple in structure, good in simulation performance and good in teaching effect.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the technical field of medically teaching mode, particularly a kind of teaching mode for pregnancy period abdomen examination skill training.
Background technology
The object of pregnancy period abdomen examination comprises: 1. understand uterus size, estimator is amniotic fluid volume in utero.2. understand development of fetus, estimate fetal weight.3. understand fetus position in uterus (position of foetus), understand fetal presenting part whether engagement and engagement degree.4. understand frequency, the rhythm and pace of moving things, the intensity of sound of fetal heart beats, understand the difference of fetal heart sound and funic souffle, uterine souffle, placental souffle and abdominal aorta noise.5. understand movement of the foetus counting.6. understand the use of foetus ECG monitor.
The effect of pregnancy period abdomen examination comprises: 1. visual examination: observe her abdominal shape and size, belly is with or without striae of pregnancy, surgical scars and oedema etc.Belly is excessive, too high person at the bottom of palace, should expect the possibility of gemellary pregnancy, macrosomia, hydramnion; Belly is too small, too low person at the bottom of palace, should expect fetal intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), and pregnant week calculates mistake etc.; Position junior at the bottom of the outside bulging in belly both sides, palace, the possibility of shoulder presentation is large; Belly forward outstanding (sharp abdomen, is more common in primipara) or belly dangles downwards (pendulous abdomen is more common in multipara), and should consider may with contracted pelvis.
2. palpation: survey height of fundus with hand, surveys upper margin of pubic bone uterus length with tape and abdominal circumference value estimates fetal weight.Uterus size, lie of fetus, fetal presentation, the position of foetus, fetal presentation whether engagement and engagement degree is checked with four maneuvers of Leopold.Amniotic fluid volume is estimated by palpation.
3. auscultation: listen to the frequency of fetal heart beats, the rhythm and pace of moving things, intensity of sound, also can hear funic souffle, uterine souffle, placental souffle and abdominal aorta noise, notes the difference of fetal heart sound and other noise.
4. movement of the foetus counting: understand movement of the foetus method of counting, this method be detect fetal safety in uterus the most simply, most practical approach.
5. foetus ECG monitor: detect the fetal heart rate variation in movement of the foetus situation, understands the reserve capabillity of fetus.
The grasp of pregnancy period abdomen examination technical ability in the past needs puerpera with it through the practice of long period with grope; but along with the enhancing of puerpera's sense of self-protection; cause dare not letting go of clinical teachers; the chance of student's clinical manipulation is greatly reduced, and therefore the grasp of technical ability again can not place one's entire reliance upon in puerpera's exercise with it by we.
Nowadays, the application of realistic model in teaching then contributes to the grasp of student to technical ability.But teaching mode now used has following shortcoming:
(1) present teaching mode is closely that bust form is (below neck, more than thigh), such bust form differs larger with actual conditions, student cannot be given with good overall feeling, be not easy to the whole process understanding and grasp palpation, also cannot realize some details that checking process it should be noted that.As: in checking process, humanistic care incorporates and training that the health such as headrest portion bolster, flexing lower limb coordinates.
(2) inflation in body is imitated thus pregnancy period belly is imitated effect that body protuberance reaches emulation in its uterus of present teaching mode, but because the gas filled in body is imitated in its palace, fetus is imitated body and imitates in body in uterus and can not float, students' response cannot be made to arrive the floating sense of fetus under amniotic fluid surrounds, as: the ballottement of fetal head, carcass must be pushed sense and the non-engagement of fetal presentation be pushed sense, also cannot make student's perception amniotic fluid volume number.
(3) it is only imitated in body fetus and placed a player, and only can simulate fetal heart sound, sound is single, and emulation property is poor.Because funic souffle, uterine souffle, placental souffle and abdominal aorta noise cannot be heard, therefore cannot the technical ability differentiated of training of students fetal heart sound and other noise.
(4) movement of the foetus is not had, can not the training of the technical ability such as training of students movement of the foetus counting and fetal electronic monitor using method.
Therefore, existing teaching mode emulation property is poor, and function singleness, cannot reach desirable teaching efficiency, and therefore its structure is further improved.
Summary of the invention
Technical matters to be solved by this invention is the present situation for prior art, provides a kind of teaching mode for pregnancy period abdomen examination skill training that structure is simple, emulation property is strong, teaching efficiency is good.
The present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above adopted technical scheme:
A kind of teaching mode for pregnancy period abdomen examination skill training, comprise pregnancy period belly and imitate body, described pregnancy period belly imitates the belly that body can be fixed on women's whole body model, pregnancy period belly is imitated in body and is provided with uterus and imitates body and introitus pelvis imitates body, uterus is imitated in body and is provided with fetus and imitates body, this fetus imitate body and described uterus imitate body inwall between topping up body; Fetus is imitated on body and is provided with the first loudspeaker, first loudspeaker is for playing fetal heart sound and funic souffle, uterus is imitated on body and is provided with the second loudspeaker, second loudspeaker is for playing uterine souffle, placental souffle and abdominal aorta noise, and the first loudspeaker is connected with player signal with the second loudspeaker; Fetus imitates Vib. body arranged for simulating movement of the foetus, and this Vib. is connected with controller signals.
The measure taked also comprises:
Above-mentioned fetus imitates that body is that 12 weeks fetuses imitate body, 24 weeks fetuses imitate body, 32 weeks fetuses imitate body or 40 weeks fetuses imitate body.
The bottom that 40 weeks above-mentioned fetuses imitate body is positioned at described introitus pelvis and imitates body.
The first above-mentioned loudspeaker is fixed on the upper back that described fetus imitates body.
Above-mentioned pregnancy period belly is imitated on body and is fixed with bundling belt, and this bundling belt is provided with male and female buckle.
The both sides that above-mentioned introitus pelvis imitates body are fixed with connecting band respectively, and the both sides, bottom that connecting band imitates body from described pregnancy period belly respectively pass, and connecting band is also provided with male and female buckle.
The first above-mentioned loudspeaker is connected with player by playing connecting line with the second loudspeaker.
The first above-mentioned loudspeaker is connected with player wireless signal with the second loudspeaker.
Above-mentioned Vib. is connected with controller by control line.
Above-mentioned Vib. is connected with controller controlled in wireless.
Compared with prior art, pregnancy period belly of the present invention imitates the belly that body can be fixed on women's whole body model, where necessary, pregnancy period belly can also be imitated body and be fixed on human body, whole teaching process can be made so more vivid, understandable; Pregnancy period belly is imitated in body and is provided with uterus and imitates body and introitus pelvis imitates body, uterus is imitated in body and is provided with fetus and imitates body, this fetus imitate body and described uterus imitate body inwall between topping up body, the fetus that topping up body can make uterus imitate body is imitated body and has floating sense, is more conducive to the feel of training student palpation like this; Two loudspeakers are provided with in the present invention, be fixed on fetus and imitate on body the first loudspeaker for playing fetal heart sound and umbilical cord sound, be fixed on uterus and imitate the second loudspeaker on body for playing uterine souffle, placental souffle and abdominal aorta sound, player plays sound is various, can to checking that the sound that may hear gives comprehensive training; Fetus of the present invention imitates Vib. body is also provided with for simulating movement of the foetus, and it coordinates fetal electronic monitoring device to use, can training of students being familiar with and grasping fetal electronic monitoring device.
Fetus of the present invention imitates that body is that 12 weeks fetuses imitate body, 24 weeks fetuses imitate body, 32 weeks fetuses imitate body or 40 weeks fetuses imitate body, the fetus of multiple different size is adopted to imitate body, the inspection of student to difference all numbers fetus can be made to have vivider, a concrete understanding, to grasp main points and the points for attention of different phase inspection better, thus to grasp the technical ability of pregnancy period palpation better.
First loudspeaker of the present invention, the second loudspeaker and Vib. both can adopt the mode of wired connection to control, and structure is simple, and cost is lower; Also the mode of wireless connections can be adopted to control, more convenient to operate like this, be more suitable for teaching and use.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the embodiment of the present invention one;
Fig. 2 be Fig. 1 remove after whole body model structural representation;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the embodiment of the present invention two.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail.
As shown in Figure 1 to Figure 3, figure grade is described as follows: pregnancy period belly imitates body 1, women's whole body model 2, body 3 is imitated in uterus, introitus pelvis imitates body 4, fetus imitates body 5, first loudspeaker 61, second loudspeaker 62, player 63, play connecting line 64, Vib. 71, controller 72, control line 73, bundling belt 81, connecting band 82, male and female buckle 9.
Embodiment one,
A kind of teaching mode for pregnancy period abdomen examination skill training of the present invention, comprise pregnancy period belly and imitate body 1, described pregnancy period belly imitates the belly that body 1 can be fixed on women's whole body model 2, pregnancy period belly is imitated in body 1 and is provided with uterus and imitates body 3 and introitus pelvis imitates body 4, uterus is imitated in body 3 and is provided with fetus and imitates body 5, this fetus imitate body 5 and described uterus imitate body 3 inwall between topping up body; Fetus is imitated on body 5 and is provided with the first loudspeaker 61, first loudspeaker 61 is for playing fetal heart sound and funic souffle, uterus is imitated on body 3 and is provided with the second loudspeaker 62, second loudspeaker 62 is for playing uterine souffle, placental souffle and abdominal aorta noise, and the first loudspeaker 61 is connected with player 63 signal with the second loudspeaker 62; Fetus imitates the Vib. 71 body 5 arranged for simulating movement of the foetus, and this Vib. 71 is connected with controller 72 signal.
Wherein, the first loudspeaker 61 is fixed on the upper back that described fetus imitates body 5.Pregnancy period belly is imitated body 1 and is made up of opaque material.
In the present embodiment, it is that 24 weeks fetuses imitate body that fetus imitates body 5, fetus imitate body 5 and uterus imitate body 3 inwall between be flooded with more liquid, fetus imitates that body 5 imitates in uterus in body 3 can unmanaged flexibility, thus fully demonstrated fetus in uterus amniotic fluid surround under floating sense.
In embodiment, pregnancy period belly is imitated on body 1 and is fixed with bundling belt 81, and this bundling belt 81 is provided with male and female buckle 9.
In embodiment, the both sides that introitus pelvis imitates body 4 are fixed with connecting band 82 respectively, and the both sides, bottom that connecting band 82 imitates body 1 from described pregnancy period belly respectively pass, and connecting band 82 is also provided with male and female buckle 9.
Pregnancy period belly is imitated body 1 and is fixed on women's whole body model 2 by the connecting band 82 that bundling belt 81 and introitus pelvis are imitated on body 4, imitate while body 1 is fixed on women's whole body model 2 at pregnancy period belly, due to tightening of connecting band 82, introitus pelvis is imitated body 4 and is also firmly fixed the lower inside imitating body 3 in uterus.
Due to bundling belt 81 and connecting band 82 being provided with male and female buckle 9, make the fixing very convenient of bundling belt 81 and connecting band 82.
In the present embodiment, pregnancy period belly is imitated body 1 and is fixed on women's whole body model 2, in order to make whole teaching process more true, pregnancy period belly can be imitated body 1 and being fixed on the belly of human body to coordinate teaching.Pregnancy period belly is imitated body 1 to be fixed on human body and to coordinate teaching, not only more true, can also allow the whole process of students pregnancy period palpation, and the points for attention of checking process and the humanistic care to pregnant woman.
In the present embodiment, the first loudspeaker 61 is connected with player 63 by playing connecting line 64 with the second loudspeaker 62; Vib. 71 is connected with controller 72 by control line 73.Adopt the mode of wired connection to control to play, structure is simple, and cost is lower.
Fetal heart sound and umbilical cord sound is play with being fixed on the first loudspeaker 61 that fetus imitates on body 5, the second loudspeaker 62 uterine souffle, placental souffle and abdominal aorta noise on body 3 is imitated with being fixed on uterus, the present invention plays sound various, and by the control of different sound by player 63, play by different loudspeakers, thus make the effect of broadcasting more true, be conducive to student and grasp better to carry out audition by fetoscope (receiver or ultrasonic Doppler intermittent auscultation instrument) and differentiate different sound.First loudspeaker 61 and the second loudspeaker 62 are fixed on diverse location, from but the sending, more close to the occurring source of its reality of alternative sounds.
And be fixed on fetus and imitate Vib. 71 on body 5 for simulating movement of the foetus, Vib. 71 is controlled by controller 72, and in teaching process, student by fetal electronic monitoring device monitoring vibration situation, thus enables student grasp the use of fetal electronic monitoring device better.
Embodiment two,
Teaching mode in the present embodiment is similar to the teaching mode structure in embodiment one, difference is, in the present embodiment, it is that 40 weeks fetuses imitate body that fetus imitates body 5, the bodily form that the bodily form imitating body due to 40 weeks fetuses imitates body compared with 24 weeks fetuses is much bigger, 40 weeks fetuses are imitated body and are almost filled with whole uterus and imitate body 3, and to imitate the liquid be full of in body 3 be minute quantity in uterus, and 40 weeks fetuses are imitated body and imitate body 3 in uterus and no longer include obvious floating sense.
The bottom (representative is about to the presentation portion of birth fetus) that 40 weeks fetuses imitate body is positioned at introitus pelvis and imitates body 4, thus simulates fetus engagement, to reach more perfect teaching purpose.
In addition, in the present embodiment, the first loudspeaker 61 is connected with player 63 wireless signal with the second loudspeaker 62; Vib. 71 is connected with controller 72 controlled in wireless.Adopting the mode of wireless connections to control, can be that the use of teaching mode is convenient.
Embodiment three,
It can also be that 12 weeks fetuses imitate body or 32 weeks fetuses imitate body that fetus imitates body 5.When condition and cost allow, reduce further at all number intervals of different fetus can be imitated between body 5, student is understood better, grasps feature and the points for attention of different all number fetus pregnancy period inspections, thus the grasp pregnancy period checks this technical ability better.
Training, the simulation process of abdomen examination of lower pregnancy period is introduced below in conjunction with this teaching mode:
Pregnancy period belly is imitated the belly that body 1 is fixed on women's whole body model 2 or collaborationist by bundling belt 81, connecting band 82 and serve as pregnant woman model; In teaching process, collaborationist can be served as by classmate, be worn this teaching mode to simulate pregnant woman by classmate, thus make whole teaching process more true, be convenient to understand and grasp pregnancy period abdomen examination technical ability.In teaching process, controlled the broadcasting of the first loudspeaker 61, second loudspeaker 62 by player 63 by teacher, movement of the foetus is simulated in the vibration being controlled Vib. 71 by controller 72.
Checking process:
One, real training prepares
1. operator prepares
Clothing dressing is clean and tidy; To pregnant woman model, inspection importance is described, obtains pregnant woman model and coordinate; Operator stands on the right side of pregnant woman model.
2. model preparation
Pregnant woman model is lain on the back on examination couch, and it is slightly padded that head puts pillow, and two leg flexings are separated to both sides, and pregnancy period belly is imitated body 1 and fully uncovered.
3. article prepare
Tape, pen, fetoscope (receiver or ultrasonic Doppler intermittent auscultation instrument), medical ultrasonic coupling agent, stopwatch, pregnant woman health card.
Two, reality teaches pattern
1. visual examination: require to observe abdominal configuration, size.
2. survey height of fundus, abdominal circumference: with the hands touch uterus and imitate bottom body 3, find out after at the bottom of palace, with tape from upper margin of pubic bone mid point amount to fundus of uterus highest point distance, or adopt the measurement of hand horizontal fingers; Use tape along navel level amount abdominal circumference again.
3. palpation: by pregnant woman model two leg flexing, undertaken by four maneuvers of Leopold
The first step: operator is towards pregnant woman model face, and operator two hand is put bottom palace, understands uterus contour and records height of fundus, estimates that fetus imitates body 5 size and Gestational period.At the bottom of palace, slightly lower place, with the hands refers to that abdomen touches relatively, and it is that fetus imitates what portion of body 5 that resolution occupies at the bottom of palace.Judge that the fetus bottom palace imitates body 5 part, if the then hard and circle of fetal head and have ballottement, if tire stern is then soft and wide and shaped slightly is irregular.
Second step: operator is towards pregnant woman model face, and two hands lie in the pregnant woman model belly left and right sides respectively, fix with side hand, opposite side have gentle hands is gently deeply by checking, two hands alternately, carefully differentiate the tire back of the body and fetal limb position from top to bottom.Smooth full person is the tire back of the body, and determine before tire dorsad, side or rearward.Touch be uneven, differ in size, deformable part is fetal limb, sometimes feels that fetal limb is movable.According to feeling in touch process that fetus is imitated body 5 and uterus and imitates amount of liquid between body 3, estimate amount of liquid (representing amniotic fluid) number.
3rd step: operator, towards pregnant woman model face, is placed on above lower abdomen pubic symphysis with the right hand, and thumb four refers to separate with all the other, gently dark by and touch presentation portion, judgement is fetal head or tire stern; Hold fetal presentation portion, left and right promotes gently, judges whether to be connected (engagement: the presentation portion that namely fetus imitates body 5 enters introitus pelvis and imitates in body 4).If fetal presentation portion still can move left and right, represent and be not yet connected engagement; If engagement (linking), then fetal presentation portion can not be pushed.
4th step: operator holds enough towards pregnant woman; Both hands refer to that abdomen is placed in both sides, fetal presentation portion respectively, check the 3rd step judge whether correctly (gently dark by and touch presentation portion, discriminating is fetal head or tire stern; Left and right promotes presentation portion gently, judges whether engagement); Deeply press downwards to introitus pelvis direction gently, judge the degree of presentation portion engagement.
4. auscultation: with fetoscope (receiver or ultrasonic Doppler intermittent auscultation instrument) audition, sees table auscultation 1 minute.Teacher plays sound by controlling player 63, fetus to imitate on body 5 first loudspeaker 61 for playing fetal heart sound and funic souffle, second loudspeaker 62 to be imitated on body 3 for playing uterine souffle, placental souffle and abdominal aorta noise in uterus, in auscultation process, operator should be noted that the difference such as fetal heart sound and funic souffle, uterine souffle, placental souffle, abdominal aorta noise.
5. movement of the foetus counting training:
Teacher controls Vib. 71 by controller 72 and vibrates, and operator's palm of the hand is placed on pregnancy period belly and imitates on body 1 and feel movement of the foetus, and the movement of the foetus number of times of several 1 hour, has short intervals between each movement of the foetus, and continuous movement of the foetus counts 1 time.
6 fetal electronic monitoring training:
The fetal rhythm of fetal electronic monitor detection probe is fixed on the loudest place of fetal heart sound of pregnant woman model to detect the change of Fetal Heart Rate, the movement of the foetus that pregnant woman model setting operation person range estimation and the palm of the hand can be observed, and movement of the foetus player 63 broadcasting simultaneously coordinates the fetal heart rate variation of movement of the foetus.The change of Fetal Heart Rate when such foetus ECG monitor can record movement of the foetus, and trace into figure, student can learn the use of instrument and the analysis of figure.
Most preferred embodiment of the present invention is illustrated, and the various change made by those of ordinary skill in the art or remodeling all can not depart from the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. the teaching mode for pregnancy period abdomen examination skill training, comprise pregnancy period belly and imitate body (1), it is characterized in that: the described pregnancy period belly that comprises imitates the belly that body (1) can be fixed on women's whole body model (2), described pregnancy period belly is imitated in body (1) and is provided with uterus and imitates body (3) and introitus pelvis imitates body (4), described uterus is imitated in body (3) and is provided with fetus and imitates body (5), this fetus imitate body (5) and described uterus imitate body (3) inwall between topping up body; Described fetus is imitated on body (5) and is provided with the first loudspeaker (61), first loudspeaker (61) is for playing fetal heart sound and funic souffle, described uterus is imitated on body (3) and is provided with the second loudspeaker (62), second loudspeaker (62) is for playing uterine souffle, placental souffle and abdominal aorta noise, and described the first loudspeaker (61) is connected with player (63) signal with the second loudspeaker (62); Described fetus imitates the upper Vib. (71) arranged for simulating movement of the foetus of body (5), and this Vib. (71) is connected with controller (72) signal.
2. a kind of teaching mode for pregnancy period abdomen examination skill training according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described fetus imitates that body (5) is that 12 weeks fetuses imitate body, 24 weeks fetuses imitate body, 32 weeks fetuses imitate body or 40 weeks fetuses imitate body.
3. a kind of teaching mode for pregnancy period abdomen examination skill training according to claim 2, is characterized in that: the bottom that 40 weeks described fetuses imitate body is positioned at described introitus pelvis and imitates body (4).
4. a kind of teaching mode for pregnancy period abdomen examination skill training according to claim 3, is characterized in that: described the first loudspeaker (61) is fixed on the upper back that described fetus imitates body (5).
5. a kind of teaching mode for pregnancy period abdomen examination skill training according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: described pregnancy period belly is imitated on body (1) and is fixed with bundling belt (81), this bundling belt (81) is provided with male and female buckle (9).
6. a kind of teaching mode for pregnancy period abdomen examination skill training according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: the both sides that described introitus pelvis imitates body (4) are fixed with connecting band (82) respectively, the both sides, bottom that described connecting band (82) imitates body (1) from described pregnancy period belly respectively pass, and described connecting band (82) is also provided with male and female buckle (9).
7. a kind of teaching mode for pregnancy period abdomen examination skill training according to claim 6, is characterized in that: described the first loudspeaker (61) is connected with player (63) by playing connecting line (64) with the second loudspeaker (62).
8. a kind of teaching mode for pregnancy period abdomen examination skill training according to claim 6, is characterized in that: described the first loudspeaker (61) is connected with player (63) wireless signal with the second loudspeaker (62).
9. a kind of teaching mode for pregnancy period abdomen examination skill training according to claim 6, is characterized in that: described Vib. (71) is connected with controller (72) by control line (73).
10. a kind of teaching mode for pregnancy period abdomen examination skill training according to claim 6, is characterized in that: described Vib. (71) is connected with controller (72) controlled in wireless.
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CN113257098A (en) * | 2021-05-26 | 2021-08-13 | 郭山鹰 | Fetal ultrasonic examination simulation device and method |
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CN107195235A (en) * | 2017-04-17 | 2017-09-22 | 营口巨成教学科技开发有限公司 | A kind of pregnant woman childbirth teaching analog womb and the emulation pregnant woman for being built-in with the uterus |
CN107195235B (en) * | 2017-04-17 | 2023-08-11 | 营口巨成教学科技开发有限公司 | Simulated uterus for pregnant woman delivery teaching and simulated pregnant woman internally provided with same |
CN107862967A (en) * | 2017-12-26 | 2018-03-30 | 营口市贵东医疗器械制造有限公司 | Height emulation obstetric operation simulated training standard patient |
CN109801540A (en) * | 2019-03-06 | 2019-05-24 | 北京工业大学 | A kind of device for simulating movement of the foetus |
CN113257098A (en) * | 2021-05-26 | 2021-08-13 | 郭山鹰 | Fetal ultrasonic examination simulation device and method |
CN113257098B (en) * | 2021-05-26 | 2024-01-23 | 郭山鹰 | Fetal ultrasonic examination simulation device and method |
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