CN104698332B - The synchronous measuring apparatus and method of electric arc and contact motion process based on laser imaging - Google Patents
The synchronous measuring apparatus and method of electric arc and contact motion process based on laser imaging Download PDFInfo
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- CN104698332B CN104698332B CN201510106800.6A CN201510106800A CN104698332B CN 104698332 B CN104698332 B CN 104698332B CN 201510106800 A CN201510106800 A CN 201510106800A CN 104698332 B CN104698332 B CN 104698332B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of electric arc based on laser imaging and the synchronous measuring apparatus and method of contact motion process, including short circuit current generating means, CW-laser illuminator device, high-speed photography device, measurement of electric parameter device and digital delay impulse generator；Digital delay impulse generator triggers short circuit current generating means, high-speed photography device and measurement of electric parameter device simultaneously；Short circuit current generating means output short circuit current, cause to produce electric arc in breaker to be tested；By the use of the continuous laser that CW-laser illuminator device is sent as background light source, high-speed photography device can shoot arc shape differentiation in breaker to be tested, contact motion and electric arc and contact interaction process simultaneously under hard arc light conditions.The present invention can be deeply and completely to understand air interrupting process, the scientific basis that such as electric arc develops, the relation offer between electric arc back commutation and clearance between open contacts is directly beneficial.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the technical field of measurement and test that breaker cut-offs fault current process, it is related to a kind of based on laser imaging
The synchronous measuring apparatus and method of electric arc and contact motion process.
Background technology
Breaker is one of most important switchgear in power system, and it is responsible for dual of control and error protection
Business.When being broken down in system, to prevent failure propagation and ensureing the person with equipment safety, it is necessary to breaker quick acting
Faulty component in excision system.In the action process for having contact open device, electric arc can be produced in contact gap.For with
Air is the breaker of arc extinguishing and dielectric, and research air arc interrupting process is for enhancing product performance with most important
Meaning.
Because air arc is the complex process of the multi- scenarios methods such as collection electromagnetic field, thermal field, airflow field in itself, internal mechanism is non-
It is often complicated, so initially research of the people to air arc based on experimental study, mainly tests voltage and current of electric arc etc.
Basic parameter.In recent years, with the development of various new measuring technology, the experiment test field of air arc has also been driven to enter
Step.In air cut-offs the correlative study of technology, one of key problem is different experimental conditions for electric arc shape in interrupting process
The influence of state and motion process.Therefore, the measuring technology such as high-speed photography, fiber array, magnetic induction array, spectroscopic diagnostics is employed
To among the research of air switch electric arc.Wherein, high-speed photography has higher time and spatial resolution, it is possible to provide intuitively
Electric arc evolution picture, while also can be as the experimental verification means of electric arc numerical simulation technology.
But because strong scattering occurs in arc-chutes for arc-plasma so that occur during electric arc in arc-chutes
Parts are difficult to the blur-free imaging on high-speed photography device, cause the phase that can not directly observe between electric arc and arc-chutes intraware
Interaction process, the research that air arc cut-offs is govern, hampers the lifting of breaker break performance.
Therefore, just become to weigh very much towards the method for synchronously measuring and device of electric arc in breaker and contact motion process
Will.
The content of the invention
Deficiency and defect for more than, it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of electric arc and contact based on laser imaging
The synchronous measuring apparatus and method of motion process, are solved under hard arc light conditions, it is impossible to while shoot electric arc in arc-chutes
Form Development, contact motion and electric arc and the problem of contact interaction process.
To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is：
The synchronous measuring apparatus of a kind of electric arc based on laser imaging and contact motion process, including digital delay pulse hair
Raw device, the electric parameter measuring apparatus of breaker, short circuit current generating means, for shooting in breaker to be tested produce arc region
The high-speed photography device in domain and the CW-laser illuminator device for providing background light source needed for shooting；The short circuit current hair
Generating apparatus is connected with breaker to be tested, and the measurement end of the electric parameter measuring apparatus of breaker is arranged on short circuit current generating means
On connection line between breaker to be tested, digital delay impulse generator respectively with short circuit current generating means, breaker
Measurement of electric parameter device and the high-speed photography device are connected.
The CW-laser illuminator device and high-speed photography device are generally aligned in the same plane with breaker to be tested, and described
CW-laser illuminator device and high-speed photography device are located at the same side of breaker to be tested, the CW-laser illuminator device production
Angle between raw continuous laser and breaker surface normal to be tested is in the range of 15 ° to 45 °, the high-speed photography device
Shooting visual angle is perpendicular to breaker to be tested.
The CW-laser illuminator device includes the continuous wave laser and extender lens being coaxially disposed.
The high-speed photography device includes the narrow band pass filter and high-speed camera that are coaxially disposed, in narrow band pass filter
The wavelength for the continuous laser that cardiac wave is grown with the CW-laser illuminator device exports is equal, and the wavelength of the continuous laser is according to electricity
The wavelength of the self-luminous characteristic spectral line of a certain particle determines in arc plasma.
The high-speed photography device also includes the neutral colour filter being coaxially disposed with narrow band pass filter and high-speed camera.
The method for synchronously measuring of a kind of electric arc based on laser imaging and contact motion process, comprises the following steps：
Short circuit current generating means, high-speed photography device and circuit breaker electric are triggered using digital delay impulse generator simultaneously
Gas parameter measuring apparatus；Short circuit current generating means after the triggering of digital delay impulse generator output short circuit current to be measured
Breaker is tried, makes to produce electric arc in breaker to be tested, meanwhile, the back of the body is used as using the continuous laser that CW-laser illuminator device is sent
Scape light source, shot using high-speed photography device to producing arc zone in breaker to be tested.
The CW-laser illuminator device includes the continuous wave laser and extender lens being coaxially disposed.
The high-speed photography device includes the narrow band pass filter and high-speed camera that are coaxially disposed, in narrow band pass filter
The wavelength for the continuous laser that cardiac wave is grown with the CW-laser illuminator device exports is equal, and the wavelength of the continuous laser is according to electricity
The wavelength of the self-luminous characteristic spectral line of a certain particle determines in arc plasma.
The method for synchronously measuring of the above-mentioned electric arc based on laser imaging and contact motion process, is comprised the following steps that：
1) electric arc differentiation and moving contact movement velocity in breaker to be tested are estimated, determines that high-speed photography device high speed is taken the photograph
The sample rate of shadow instrument；
2) light path of CW-laser illuminator device is adjusted, makes the continuous laser after expanding through the transparent of breaker to be tested
Shell, the circuit breaker internal arc quenching chamber structure is illuminated, and high-speed camera can effectively be incided by diffusing reflection；
3) light intensity of narrow band pass filter in high-speed photography device is passed through according to electric arc, determines the aperture size of high-speed camera
And the time for exposure；Then according to the limitation of the intrinsic parameter of high-speed camera, the maximum space resolution ratio of shooting image is determined；If
Electric arc light intensity is too high, is limited beyond high-speed camera, is decayed using neutral colour filter and shoots light intensity；
4) adjust high-speed camera focal length and shooting distance, and in CW-laser illuminator device continuous wave laser it is defeated
Go out power, enable the arc quenching chamber structure of the breaker to be tested blur-free imaging on high-speed camera；
5) high-speed photography device, short circuit current generating means and breaker are triggered simultaneously using digital delay impulse generator
Measurement of electric parameter device；
6) the arc shape differentiation, moving contact motion and electric arc of the acquisition of high-speed photography device high speed photographic apparatus are recorded with going out
The timing diagram picture of arc chamber part interaction, and the electric parameter measuring apparatus acquisition of record breaker are corresponding with timing diagram picture
Arc voltage and short-circuit current data.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has technique effect beneficial below：
The present invention is by the continuous laser that CW-laser illuminator device is sent to the complexity in arc-extinguishing chamber of circuit breaker to be tested
Structure is illuminated, and electric arc differentiation and contact motion process timing diagram during air arc cut-offs are obtained using high-speed photography device
Picture, at the same obtain from measurement of electric parameter device with image sequential identical arc voltage and current waveform, electricity can be studied
Interaction between arc and contact, Pao Hu roads and grid, observe the back commutation phenomenon and clearance between open contacts and hot gas of electric arc
Relation between body diffusion, so as to comprehensively understand air arc interrupting process to go deep into and improve breaking capacity of breaker
Scientific basis is provided.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is that the structure of the present invention based on the electric arc of laser imaging and the synchronous measuring apparatus of contact motion process is shown
It is intended to；
Fig. 2 is the Parameter setting step of apparatus of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the circuit breaker internal structure chart of high-speed camera shooting, wherein：(a) it is under the conditions of laser lighting, at a high speed
The shooting result of photographic apparatus, (b) are the shooting results of high-speed camera under the conditions of natural light；
Fig. 4 is the high-speed photography shooting result of breaker interrupting process, wherein：(a) it is to utilize conventional high rate camera work
Electric arc picture, (b) is the high-speed photography shooting result based on laser imaging of the invention；
Fig. 5 is arc voltage and clearance between open contacts curve.
In figure：1 is short circuit current generating means, and 2 be CW-laser illuminator device, and 3 be high-speed photography device, and 4 be electric
Parameter measuring apparatus, 5 be digital delay impulse generator, and 6 be breaker to be tested, and 7 be narrow band pass filter, and 8 be arc extinguishing grid pieces,
9 be arc leading angle, and 10 be static contact, and 11 be moving contact, and 12 be Pao Hu roads.
Embodiment
The present invention is elaborated with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, described is explanation of the invention rather than limit
It is fixed.
Referring to Fig. 1, the synchronous measuring apparatus of the electric arc of the present invention based on laser imaging and contact motion process, bag
Include：Short circuit current generating means 1, CW-laser illuminator device 2, high-speed photography device 3, measurement of electric parameter device 4 and number
Word delayed-pulse generator 5.
Short circuit current generating means 1 is by capacitor bank, inductance and thyristor groups into wherein capacitor bank and inductance form LC
Oscillation circuit, sinusoidal short circuit current, amplitude of short circuit and frequency is exported by capacitor bank and the parameter of inductance to match, brilliant lock
Pipe receives the action signal of digital delay impulse generator 5, and the moment occurs for control short circuit current.Short circuit current generating means 1 with
Breaker 6 to be tested is connected；The side shell of breaker 6 to be tested uses the transparent outer cover that rapid shaping technique makes.
Measurement of electric parameter device 4 is made up of high-voltage probe, Rogowski coil and digital oscilloscope, and wherein high-voltage probe is in parallel
In the both ends of breaker 6 to be tested, arc voltage signal is measured；Rogowski coil is located at the ground potential side of short circuit current generating means 1, surveys
Measure short circuit current signal；Digital oscilloscope shows and recorded arc voltage and short circuit current signal.
CW-laser illuminator device 2 is made up of continuous wave laser and coaxial extender lens, and wherein extender lens is by coaxial recessed
Face mirror and planoconvex lens composition.
High-speed photography device 3 is made up of neutral colour filter, narrow band pass filter 7 and high-speed camera, and above-mentioned device is coaxially put
Put, wherein narrow band pass filter centre wavelength is equal with continuous wave laser output continuous laser wavelength.Wavelength is according to arc plasma
The wavelength of the self-luminous characteristic spectral line of internal particle (such as Cu I 515nm, Fe I 405nm or N II 500nm) determines, i.e.
Make continuous laser wavelength equal with the wavelength of the self-luminous characteristic spectral line or as far as possible close.It so can both retain the spy of electric arc
Sign, weaken the light intensity of electric arc again, be advantageous to shooting and form the clearly image for including complete information.
CW-laser illuminator device 2, high-speed photography device 3 and breaker to be tested 6 are generally aligned in the same plane, and continuous laser
Lighting device 2 and high-speed photography device 3 are located at breaker transparent outer cover side to be tested, and wherein CW-laser illuminator device 2 produces
Angle between raw continuous laser and breaker transparent outer cover surface normal to be tested is in the range of 15 ° to 45 °, high-speed photography
The vertical breaker transparent outer cover to be tested of device shooting visual angle, passes through these technological means and combines regulation CW-laser illuminator and fill
The light path put, illuminate arc-chutes knot of the circuit breaker internal including dynamic/static contact, arc leading angle, Pao Hu roads, arc extinguishing grid pieces etc.
Structure, and laser is effectively incided high-speed camera by diffusing reflection.
According to said apparatus, the present invention also provides the same pacing of a kind of electric arc based on laser imaging and contact motion process
Amount method, is mainly included the following steps that, wherein instrument parameter setting procedure is as shown in Figure 2：
1) experimental circuit, and measurement of electric parameter device are connected as shown in Figure 1.High-voltage probe and Rogowski coil output end
Connect digital oscilloscope.IGCT is connected digital delay impulse generator with high-speed camera trigger signal input, counts in addition
Word delayed-pulse generator output all the way signal in digital oscilloscope as time reference signal.
2) electric arc differentiation and moving contact movement velocity in breaker to be tested are estimated, determines that high-speed photography device high speed is taken the photograph
The sample rate of shadow instrument；
3) light path of CW-laser illuminator device is adjusted, makes the continuous laser after expanding through the transparent of breaker to be tested
Shell, arc quenching chamber structure of the circuit breaker internal including dynamic/static contact, arc leading angle, Pao Hu roads, arc extinguishing grid pieces etc. is illuminated, and
High-speed camera can effectively be incided by diffusing reflection；
4) light intensity of narrow band pass filter in high-speed photography device is passed through according to electric arc, determines that high-speed photography device high speed is taken the photograph
The aperture size of shadow instrument and time for exposure；Then according to the limitation of the intrinsic parameter of high-speed camera, the maximum of shooting image is determined
Spatial resolution；If electric arc light intensity is too high, limited beyond high-speed camera, decay using neutral colour filter and shoot light intensity；
5) focal length and shooting distance of high-speed photography device high speed photographic apparatus are adjusted, and in CW-laser illuminator device
The power output of continuous wave laser, enable the arc quenching chamber structure of breaker to be tested blur-free imaging, such as Fig. 3 on high-speed camera
(a) shown in (under the conditions of natural light, object lens (or business camera lens) focal length of high-speed camera is adjusted, obtains circuit breaker internal structure
Imaging, as shown in Fig. 3 (b))；
Utilize digital delay impulse generator triggering high-speed camera, IGCT and digital oscilloscope action, you can obtain
Electric arc develops and the synchronism detection result of contact action, and power output, the height of continuous wave laser are suitably adjusted according to experimental result
The running parameter of fast photographic apparatus, the quantity of optical filter, obtain more clearly testing shooting result, as shown in Fig. 4 (b).
By pixel count in the range of certain known length in measurement experiment shooting image, physical length and image pixel number are determined
Proportionate relationship, and then measure the pixel count of arc root or moving contact move distance, using aforementioned proportion relation, obtain arc root position
Move curve or open away from curve.And the arc voltage corresponding with timing diagram picture obtained with reference to measurement of electric parameter device and short circuit
Current data, result as shown in Figure 5 is obtained, clearance between open contacts curve shows in figure, and moving contact has serious drop, most
Large opening 12mm, contact, which falls after rise, to be caused out away from being reduced into 8mm.
Based on technical scheme, the position of back commutation and the width of arc voltage falling pulse are disclosed and demonstrated
Degree and width relation and cause contact fall after rise be back commutation a major reason.Specifically, obtained using the present invention
The experimental result obtained, position and the amplitude of arc voltage falling pulse and the relation of width of back commutation are disclosed and demonstrate,
When back commutation is occurred near grid mouth, small range fluctuation is presented in arc voltage, and position occurs for back commutation from voltage contact area
Nearer, arc voltage falling pulse amplitude and width are bigger, are more unfavorable for cut-offfing air arc.The experiment obtained using the present invention
As a result it has also been found that contact falling is a major reason of back commutation, most large opening 12mm, contact, which falls after rise, to be caused out away from diminution
For 8mm, as shown in Figure 5.
As described above, the inventive method is by using CW-laser illuminator circuit breaker internal structure, with reference to high-speed photography skill
Art, the synchronizing process including electric arc develops and contact moves can be obtained.And then for research electric arc is developed, electric arc is hit behind
The relation worn between clearance between open contacts provides basic basis.In fact, the interaction between electric arc and metal grid also can be by upper
State method acquisition.The present invention is for deeply and completely understanding air interrupting process, such as electric arc differentiation, electric arc back commutation and contact
Open away from the directly beneficial scientific basis of the offer such as relation, and can be as the experimental verification means of numerical simulation technology.This hair
It is bright to can also be applied to other similar in plasma process diagnosis research.
Claims (9)
- A kind of 1. synchronous measuring apparatus of electric arc based on laser imaging and contact motion process, it is characterised in that：Including numeral It is delayed-pulse generator (5), the electric parameter measuring apparatus of breaker (4), short circuit current generating means (1), to be measured for shooting Arc zone is produced in examination breaker (6) to obtain the differentiation of the electric arc during air arc cut-offs and contact motion process timing diagram picture High-speed photography device (3) and for illuminate circuit breaker internal arc quenching chamber structure with provide shooting needed for background light source it is continuous Laser illuminator system (2)；The high-speed photography device (3) includes the narrow band pass filter (7) and high-speed camera being coaxially disposed, Short circuit current generating means is connected with breaker to be tested (6), and the measurement end of the electric parameter measuring apparatus of breaker (4) is arranged on On connection line between short circuit current generating means (1) and breaker to be tested (6), digital delay impulse generator (5) is respectively It is connected with short circuit current generating means (1), the electric parameter measuring apparatus of breaker (4) and the high-speed photography device (3).
- 2. the synchronous measuring apparatus of a kind of electric arc based on laser imaging as claimed in claim 1 and contact motion process, it is special Sign is：The CW-laser illuminator device (2) and high-speed photography device (3) are put down with breaker to be tested (6) positioned at same Face, and the CW-laser illuminator device (2) and high-speed photography device (3) are located at the same side of breaker to be tested (6), it is described Angle between continuous laser caused by CW-laser illuminator device (2) and breaker to be tested (6) surface normal at 15 ° extremely In the range of 45 °, high-speed photography device (3) shooting visual angle is perpendicular to breaker to be tested (6).
- 3. the synchronous measuring apparatus of a kind of electric arc based on laser imaging as claimed in claim 1 and contact motion process, it is special Sign is：The CW-laser illuminator device (2) includes the continuous wave laser and extender lens being coaxially disposed.
- 4. the synchronous measuring apparatus of a kind of electric arc based on laser imaging as claimed in claim 1 and contact motion process, it is special Sign is：The centre wavelength of the narrow band pass filter (7) and the ripple of the continuous laser of the CW-laser illuminator device (2) output Length is equal, and the wavelength of the continuous laser is true according to the wavelength of the self-luminous characteristic spectral line of a certain particle in arc plasma body It is fixed.
- 5. the synchronous measuring apparatus of a kind of electric arc based on laser imaging as claimed in claim 4 and contact motion process, it is special Sign is：The high-speed photography device (3) also includes the neutral filter being coaxially disposed with narrow band pass filter (7) and high-speed camera Mating plate.
- A kind of 6. method for synchronously measuring of electric arc based on laser imaging and contact motion process, it is characterised in that：Including following Step：Using digital delay impulse generator (5) while trigger short circuit current generating means (1), high-speed photography device (3) and disconnected Road device measurement of electric parameter device (4), the high-speed photography device (3) include the narrow band pass filter (7) and height being coaxially disposed Fast photographic apparatus；Short circuit current generating means (1) after digital delay impulse generator (5) triggering output short circuit current to be measured Breaker (6) is tried, makes to produce electric arc in breaker to be tested (6), meanwhile, sent with CW-laser illuminator device (2) continuous Laser is shot as background light source, using high-speed photography device (3) to producing arc zone in breaker to be tested (6), Obtain electric arc differentiation and the contact motion process timing diagram picture during air arc cut-offs.
- 7. the method for synchronously measuring of a kind of electric arc based on laser imaging as claimed in claim 6 and contact motion process, it is special Sign is：The CW-laser illuminator device (2) includes the continuous wave laser and extender lens being coaxially disposed.
- 8. the method for synchronously measuring of a kind of electric arc based on laser imaging as claimed in claim 6 and contact motion process, it is special Sign is：The centre wavelength of the narrow band pass filter and the wavelength of the continuous laser of the CW-laser illuminator device (2) output Equal, the wavelength of the continuous laser is true according to the wavelength of the self-luminous characteristic spectral line of a certain particle in arc plasma body It is fixed.
- 9. the method for synchronously measuring of a kind of electric arc based on laser imaging as claimed in claim 8 and contact motion process, it is special Sign is：Comprise the following steps that：1) the interior electric arc differentiation of breaker to be tested (6) and moving contact movement velocity are estimated, determines high-speed photography device (3) high speed The sample rate of photographic apparatus；2) light path of CW-laser illuminator device (2) is adjusted, makes the continuous laser after expanding through the saturating of breaker to be tested (6) Bright shell, the circuit breaker internal arc quenching chamber structure is illuminated, and high-speed camera can effectively be incided by diffusing reflection；3) light intensity of narrow band pass filter in high-speed photography device (3) is passed through according to electric arc, determines the aperture size of high-speed camera And the time for exposure；Then according to the limitation of the intrinsic parameter of high-speed camera, the maximum space resolution ratio of shooting image is determined；If Electric arc light intensity is too high, is limited beyond high-speed camera, is decayed using neutral colour filter and shoots light intensity；4) adjust high-speed camera focal length and shooting distance, and in CW-laser illuminator device (2) continuous wave laser it is defeated Go out power, enable the arc quenching chamber structure of breaker to be tested (6) blur-free imaging on high-speed camera；5) using digital delay impulse generator (5) and meanwhile trigger high-speed photography device (3), short circuit current generating means (1) with The electric parameter measuring apparatus of breaker (4)；6) the arc shape differentiation, moving contact motion and electric arc of the acquisition of high-speed photography device (3) high speed photographic apparatus are recorded with going out Arc chamber part interaction timing diagram picture, and record the electric parameter measuring apparatus of breaker (4) obtain with timing diagram picture Corresponding arc voltage and short-circuit current data.
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