CN104694736A - Calcium roasting floatation separation method for bastnaesite - Google Patents

Calcium roasting floatation separation method for bastnaesite Download PDF

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CN104694736A
CN104694736A CN201510126812.5A CN201510126812A CN104694736A CN 104694736 A CN104694736 A CN 104694736A CN 201510126812 A CN201510126812 A CN 201510126812A CN 104694736 A CN104694736 A CN 104694736A
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hamartite
add
rare earth
separation method
oxalate
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CN104694736B (en
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吴文远
岑鹏
边雪
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Northeastern University China
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Northeastern University China
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Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of mineral processing, and relates to a calcium roasting floatation separation method for bastnaesite. The method comprises the following steps that firstly, bastnaesite and calcium hydroxide are mixed and roasted to obtain roasted ore; secondly, the roasted ore is placed in a floatation tank of a floatation machine, and water is added to form ore pulp; thirdly, water glass, oxalic acid or oxalate, sodium oleate and second oil are added in sequence and stirred, and roughing concentrate and roughing tailings are obtained through floatation; fourthly, the rouging tailings are scavenged in a five-nine level mode, and the calcium fluoride enrichment and the rare earth oxide are obtained. According to the method, the production procedure is shortened, meanwhile, consumption of reagent is reduced, resource utilization of valuable elements is achieved, the economic benefits are increased, and the environmental pollution is reduced.

Description

A kind of calcification baking flotation separation method of hamartite
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of mineral processing, particularly a kind of calcification baking flotation separation method of hamartite.
Background technology
Hamartite is one of main rare-earth mineral in the whole world, and mineralogical chemistry formula is RECO 3f, can regard the complex chemical compound of a kind of rare earth fluorine and rare earth carbonate as; Hamartite content of rare earth is high, and rare earth oxide content can reach about 70%, and wherein based on light rare earths, the content of cerium and lanthanum accounts for 70 ~ 90%, is the main source of light rare earths, has important industrial significance and economic worth.
Sichuan Liangshan District rare-earth mineral is hamartite important in the world, and wherein Mianning County deposit scale is maximum; Hamartite production technique main is at present oxidizing roasting-Leaching in Hydrochloric Acid-sodium hydroxide decomposition method, mineral are by other difficult cerium dioxide enriched substance of decomposing mineral composition such as cerium dioxide, rare earth fluorine, Calcium Fluoride (Fluorspan) through the filter residue that oxidizing roasting, Leaching in Hydrochloric Acid obtain, need with the further Extraction of rare earth of sodium hydroxide, and alkali turn after obtain alkali slurry containing a large amount of alkali and fluorochemical, need washing, so need in producing to consume a large amount of sodium hydroxide, there is the problem of fluoride waste contaminate environment and waste resource simultaneously; Therefore, the clean metallurgical flow process developing valuable resource such as high-level efficiency comprehensive utilization rare earth, fluorine etc. is still important research topic.
The method that patent discloses a kind of ammonium chloride Roasting Decomposition hamartite recovery carbonated rare earth of application number 99106149.7, the method is that hamartite is levigate, then with NH 4cl and CaCl 2ground and mixed is even, and roasting makes the rare earth in mineral change into RECl 3, then hot water leaching, adopts the rare earth in ammonium bicarbonate precipitation leach liquor to obtain carbonated rare earth product; The feature of this method does not add soda acid, and reaction conditions is gentle, low in the pollution of the environment, but fluorine does not get utilization.
Application number 200610114588.9 patent discloses a kind of method for decomposing hamartite, roasting after hamartite is mixed with carbonated rare earth, the cerium in carbonated rare earth is utilized to be solidified by the fluorine in hamartite, carry out acid dipping separation cerium and non-Ce rare earth more afterwards, fluorine is stayed in rich cerium slag, avoids the pollution of fluorine.
Application number 201010517433.6 patent discloses a kind of activation after leach the method for Bastnaesite again, the method is that after Leaching in Hydrochloric Acid sedimentation and filtration, extracting and separating obtains rare earth chloride by hamartite at 100 ~ 400 DEG C of calcination activations.
Application number be 201310125757.9 a kind of calcification that patent discloses to make the transition-leach the method for Bastnaesite, carry out according to following steps: the activating pretreatment → activation ore deposit calcification pre-treatment → slag acidleach transition transition → rare earth chloride seminal fluid extraction of rare earth ore concentrate, finally obtain the solution of thorium scum and Cerium II Chloride, Lanthanum trichloride, praseodymium chloride or Neodymium trichloride, rare earth element, fluorine element, thorium element etc. there are is valency constituent element high efficiency separation, but needs equally to add sodium hydroxide in preprocessing process in transition.
Above-mentioned several method has complex process, and cost is higher, and fluorine such as not to get utilization at the shortcoming.
Summary of the invention
For the problems referred to above that existing hamartite smelting separation process exists, the invention provides a kind of calcification baking flotation separation method of hamartite, be separated by calcification baking, pneumatic flotation and obtain Calcium Fluoride (Fluorspan) and rareearth enriching material, on the basis of Simplified flowsheet, rare earth and fluorine are obtained for efficiency utilization.
The calcification baking flotation separation method of hamartite of the present invention carries out according to the following steps:
1, by hamartite with calcium hydroxide according to mass ratio (3 ~ 7): 1 mixes, and in 500 ~ 800 DEG C of roastings 2 ~ 4 hours, is cooled to normal temperature, obtain roasted ore;
2, roasted ore is placed in the flotation cell of flotation machine, adds water and stir into the ore pulp that concentration is 200 ~ 400g/L, then slurry pH is adjusted to 7 ~ 10;
3, in ore pulp, add water glass and stir, then add oxalic acid or oxalate and stir, then add sodium oleate and stir, then add No. two oil and stir, the churning time after often kind of medicament adds is 3 ~ 5min; Wherein the add-on of water glass is by 0.2 ~ 0.8g/kg hamartite, and the add-on of oxalic acid or oxalate is by 1 ~ 3g/kg hamartite, and the add-on of sodium oleate is by 0.2 ~ 0.8g/kg hamartite, and No. two oily add-ons are by 0.5 ~ 2mL/kg hamartite; Then open flotation machine charging valve, air-blowing started to scrape bubble after one minute, obtained rougher concentration and rougher tailings;
4, carry out 5 ~ 9 grades to rougher tailings to scan, at different levels scanning is added medicament according to the mode of step 3 and scans, the mine tailing scanned at different levels enters next stage and scans, and as total concentrate after the scavenger concentrate scanned at different levels mixes with rougher concentration, the mine tailing of scanning of last step scanning is total mine tailing; Total concentrate is Calcium Fluoride (Fluorspan) enriched substance, and total mine tailing is rare earth oxide.
In aforesaid method, the rougher concentration of step 3 is foam segment, and rougher tailings is flotation cell Minerals.
The composition of above-mentioned hamartite counts 30 ~ 70% with REO, fluorine-containing 3 ~ 10% containing rare earth oxide by weight percentage.
Above-mentioned oxalate is sodium oxalate, potassium oxalate or caoxalate.
In aforesaid method, slurry pH is regulated to be the dilute hydrochloric acid or the sodium carbonate solution that adopt 1mol/L.
In aforesaid method, the purity by weight of the rare earth oxide of acquisition is 90 ~ 98%, and rare earth yield reaches 90 ~ 95%.
In aforesaid method, the rate of recovery of fluorine reaches 95 ~ 98%.
In method of the present invention, the principal reaction equation of calcification baking is:
Ca(OH) 2=CaO+H 2O;
REFCO 3=REOF(CeOF)+CO 2↑;
2REOF+CaO=RE 2O 3+CaF 2
CaO+CO 2=CaCO 3
2Ce 2O 3+O 2=4CeO 2
In above-mentioned Calcium Fluoride (Fluorspan) enriched substance, the weight content of Calcium Fluoride (Fluorspan) is 50 ~ 60%.
Compared with prior art, feature of the present invention and beneficial effect thereof are:
The present invention adopts calcification baking flotation separation method process hamartite, and obtain higher-grade rare earth oxide, rare earth yield is high.Compared with the prior art, without the participation of soda acid, Production Flow Chart obtains shortening, decreases the consumption of reagent simultaneously, is conducive to increasing economic efficiency; In Calcium Fluoride (Fluorspan) enriched substance, Calcium Fluoride Content is higher simultaneously, and other are mainly barium sulfate, and can be used as the raw material producing fluorite, the fluorine rate of recovery is high, and valuable element gets utilization, and improves economic benefit, reduces environmental pollution.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the schematic flow sheet of the calcification baking flotation separation method of hamartite in the embodiment of the present invention 1;
Fig. 2 is the flotation separation part run schematic diagram in the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Embodiment
The calcium hydroxide adopted in the embodiment of the present invention, water glass, oxalic acid, potassium oxalate, caoxalate, sodium oxalate, sodium oleate and No. two oil (pine camphor oil) are commercial Industrial products.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the rate of recovery employing Shanghai essence scientific & technical corporation UV755B single beam ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer of fluorine records in solution and is obtained by calculating after fluorinion concentration.
The hamartite adopted in the embodiment of the present invention is selected from the bastnaesite concentrate that Mianning County, Sichuan Province produces.
Embodiment 1
The composition of the hamartite adopted counts 60% with REO, fluorine-containing 7% containing rare earth oxide by weight percentage;
Hamartite is mixed according to mass ratio 5:1 with calcium hydroxide, in 650 DEG C of roastings 3 hours, is cooled to normal temperature, obtain roasted ore;
Roasted ore is placed in the flotation cell of flotation machine, adds water and stir into the ore pulp that concentration is 200g/L, then with the dilute hydrochloric acid of 1mol/L, slurry pH is adjusted to 8;
In ore pulp, add water glass and stir, then add sodium oxalate and stir, then add sodium oleate and stir, then add No. two oil and stir, the churning time after often kind of medicament adds is 3min; Wherein the add-on of water glass presses 0.2g/kg hamartite, and the add-on of sodium oxalate presses 2g/kg hamartite, and the add-on of sodium oleate presses 0.8g/kg hamartite, and No. two oily add-ons press 2mL/kg hamartite; Then open flotation machine charging valve, air-blowing started to scrape bubble after one minute, obtained rougher concentration (foam segment) and rougher tailings (flotation cell Minerals);
Carry out 7 grades to rougher tailings to scan, at different levels scanning is added medicament according to the mode of step 3 and scans, the mine tailing scanned at different levels enters next stage and scans, and as total concentrate after the scavenger concentrate scanned at different levels mixes with rougher concentration, the mine tailing of scanning of last step scanning is total mine tailing; Total concentrate is Calcium Fluoride (Fluorspan) enriched substance, and total mine tailing is rare earth oxide;
The purity by weight of rare earth oxide is 97%, and rare earth yield reaches 94%; The rate of recovery of fluorine reaches 96%; In Calcium Fluoride (Fluorspan) enriched substance, the weight content of Calcium Fluoride (Fluorspan) is 53%.
Embodiment 2
The composition of the hamartite adopted counts 30% with REO, fluorine-containing 3% containing rare earth oxide by weight percentage;
Method is with embodiment 1, and difference is:
(1) hamartite is mixed according to mass ratio 3:1 with calcium hydroxide, in 500 DEG C of roastings 4 hours;
(2) add water and stir into the ore pulp that concentration is 300g/L, then with the sodium carbonate solution of 1mol/L, slurry pH is adjusted to 10;
(3) add water glass, potassium oxalate, sodium oleate and No. two oil successively, the churning time after often kind of medicament adds is 4min; Add-on presses water glass 0.4g/kg hamartite respectively, potassium oxalate 3g/kg hamartite, sodium oleate 0.6g/kg hamartite, No. two oily 1.5mL/kg hamartites;
(4) carry out 5 grades to rougher tailings to scan, the purity by weight of the rare earth oxide of acquisition is 93%, and rare earth yield reaches 92%; The rate of recovery of fluorine reaches 96%; In Calcium Fluoride (Fluorspan) enriched substance, the weight content of Calcium Fluoride (Fluorspan) is 54%.
Embodiment 3
The composition of the hamartite adopted counts 70% with REO, fluorine-containing 10% containing rare earth oxide by weight percentage;
Method is with embodiment 1, and difference is:
(1) hamartite is mixed according to mass ratio 7:1 with calcium hydroxide, in 800 DEG C of roastings 2 hours;
(2) add water and stir into the ore pulp that concentration is 350g/L, then with the dilute hydrochloric acid of 1mol/L, slurry pH is adjusted to 7;
(3) add water glass, caoxalate, sodium oleate and No. two oil successively, the churning time after often kind of medicament adds is 5min; Add-on presses water glass 0.6g/kg hamartite respectively, caoxalate 2g/kg hamartite, sodium oleate 0.4g/kg hamartite, No. two oily 1mL/kg hamartites;
(4) carry out 9 grades to rougher tailings to scan, the purity by weight of the rare earth oxide of acquisition is 90%, and rare earth yield reaches 95%; The rate of recovery of fluorine reaches 98%; In Calcium Fluoride (Fluorspan) enriched substance, the weight content of Calcium Fluoride (Fluorspan) is 60%.
Embodiment 4
The composition of the hamartite adopted counts 50% with REO, fluorine-containing 5% containing rare earth oxide by weight percentage;
Method is with embodiment 1, and difference is:
(1) hamartite is mixed according to mass ratio 6:1 with calcium hydroxide, in 580 DEG C of roastings 3 hours;
(2) add water and stir into the ore pulp that concentration is 400g/L, then with the sodium carbonate solution of 1mol/L, slurry pH is adjusted to 9;
(3) add water glass, oxalic acid, sodium oleate and No. two oil successively, the churning time after often kind of medicament adds is 4min; Add-on presses water glass 0.8g/kg hamartite respectively, oxalic acid 1g/kg hamartite, sodium oleate 0.2g/kg hamartite, No. two oily 0.5mL/kg hamartites;
(4) carry out 7 grades to rougher tailings to scan, the purity by weight of the rare earth oxide of acquisition is 98%, and rare earth yield reaches 90%; The rate of recovery of fluorine reaches 95%; In Calcium Fluoride (Fluorspan) enriched substance, the weight content of Calcium Fluoride (Fluorspan) is 50%.

Claims (7)

1. a calcification baking flotation separation method for hamartite, is characterized in that carrying out according to the following steps:
(1) by hamartite with calcium hydroxide according to mass ratio (3 ~ 7): 1 mixes, and in 500 ~ 800 DEG C of roastings 2 ~ 4 hours, is cooled to normal temperature, obtain roasted ore;
(2) roasted ore is placed in the flotation cell of flotation machine, adds water and stir into the ore pulp that concentration is 200 ~ 400g/L, then slurry pH is adjusted to 7 ~ 10;
(3) in ore pulp, add water glass and stir, then add oxalic acid or oxalate and stir, then add sodium oleate and stir, then add No. two oil and stir, the churning time after often kind of medicament adds is 3 ~ 5min; Wherein the add-on of water glass is by 0.2 ~ 0.8g/kg hamartite, and the add-on of oxalic acid or oxalate is by 1 ~ 3g/kg hamartite, and the add-on of sodium oleate is by 0.2 ~ 0.8g/kg hamartite, and No. two oily add-ons are by 0.5 ~ 2mL/kg hamartite; Then open flotation machine charging valve, air-blowing started to scrape bubble after one minute, obtained rougher concentration and rougher tailings;
(4) carry out 5 ~ 9 grades to rougher tailings to scan, at different levels scanning is added medicament according to the mode of step 3 and scans, the mine tailing scanned at different levels enters next stage and scans, and as total concentrate after the scavenger concentrate scanned at different levels mixes with rougher concentration, the mine tailing of scanning of last step scanning is total mine tailing; Total concentrate is Calcium Fluoride (Fluorspan) enriched substance, and total mine tailing is rare earth oxide.
2. the calcification baking flotation separation method of a kind of hamartite according to claim 1, is characterized in that the composition of described hamartite counts 30 ~ 70% with REO, fluorine-containing 3 ~ 10% containing rare earth oxide by weight percentage.
3. the calcification baking flotation separation method of a kind of hamartite according to claim 1, is characterized in that described oxalate is sodium oxalate, potassium oxalate or caoxalate.
4. the calcification baking flotation separation method of a kind of hamartite according to claim 1, is characterized in that regulating slurry pH to be the dilute hydrochloric acid or the sodium carbonate solution that adopt 1mol/L.
5. the calcification baking flotation separation method of a kind of hamartite according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the purity by weight of described rare earth oxide is 90 ~ 98%, rare earth yield reaches 90 ~ 95%.
6. the calcification baking flotation separation method of a kind of hamartite according to claim 1, is characterized in that the rate of recovery of fluorine reaches 95 ~ 98%.
7. the calcification baking flotation separation method of a kind of hamartite according to claim 1, is characterized in that the weight content of Calcium Fluoride (Fluorspan) in described Calcium Fluoride (Fluorspan) enriched substance is 50 ~ 60%.
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Cited By (4)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108554620A (en) * 2018-04-28 2018-09-21 武汉科技大学 A kind of method that calcirm-fluoride is recycled in dolomite type magnetic iron ore magnetic tailing
CN109225606A (en) * 2018-09-11 2019-01-18 洛阳冀能新材料有限公司 A kind of separation system and sorting process of carbonate-type fluorite ore
CN114804179A (en) * 2022-06-02 2022-07-29 中南大学 Method for recovering high-purity calcium fluoride from fluorine-containing waste residues
CN115722347A (en) * 2022-10-25 2023-03-03 昆明理工大学 Method for separating lead and antimony from paragenetic ore

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108554620A (en) * 2018-04-28 2018-09-21 武汉科技大学 A kind of method that calcirm-fluoride is recycled in dolomite type magnetic iron ore magnetic tailing
CN109225606A (en) * 2018-09-11 2019-01-18 洛阳冀能新材料有限公司 A kind of separation system and sorting process of carbonate-type fluorite ore
CN114804179A (en) * 2022-06-02 2022-07-29 中南大学 Method for recovering high-purity calcium fluoride from fluorine-containing waste residues
CN114804179B (en) * 2022-06-02 2024-06-04 华南理工大学 Method for recycling high-purity calcium fluoride from fluorine-containing waste residues
CN115722347A (en) * 2022-10-25 2023-03-03 昆明理工大学 Method for separating lead and antimony from paragenetic ore

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