CN104692741A - Straw cellulose fiber/cement-based composite material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Straw cellulose fiber/cement-based composite material and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN104692741A
CN104692741A CN201510075305.3A CN201510075305A CN104692741A CN 104692741 A CN104692741 A CN 104692741A CN 201510075305 A CN201510075305 A CN 201510075305A CN 104692741 A CN104692741 A CN 104692741A
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cellulose fiber
stalk
cement
composite material
based composite
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CN104692741B (en
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周祚万
谢晓丽
苟光俊
姜曼
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Southwest Jiaotong University
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Southwest Jiaotong University
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/91Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete

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Abstract

The invention discloses a straw cellulose fiber/cement-based composite material and a preparation method thereof. The composite material comprises one or two of the following materials: 2-20 parts of straw cellulose fibers, 60-98 parts of cement and 0-20 parts of silica fume or metakaolin, wherein the ratio of the weight of water to the weight of other solids is 0.18-0.40. The cellulose fibers extracted from crop straws are taken as a reinforcement phase of a cement-based material, and due to the addition of the straw cellulose fibers, the bending resistance and bend toughness of the composite plate are improved, and the density of the product is reduced. According to the composite material disclosed by the invention, the crop straws are recycled, the influence of straw stacking and incineration on the environment is reduced, a novel way is developed for utilization of the crop straws, and a sustainable development target of building materials is realized.

Description

A kind of stalk cellulose fiber/water cement-based composite material and preparation method thereof
Technical field
The invention belongs to fibre modification cement-base composite material technical field, relate to a kind of plant cellulose fiber/water cement-based composite material and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Cement-based material uses maximum material of construction in the world at present, and it has the advantages that ultimate compression strength is high and bending strength is low, and in order to improve the bending strength of cement material, fiber becomes one of requisite component of modern cement-based material.At present, steel fiber, polypropylene fibre, glass fibre and fibrous magnesium silicate etc. have applied to obtain comparative maturity as the technology of strongthener, but the corrosion of reinforcing bar remains the major cause affecting concrete structure durability, easily there is corrosion problem at crack place in steel fiber, has become a thorny old problem; The need of production phenolic compound of polypropylene-base fiber is as antioxidant, and aminated compounds is as anti-ultraviolet stablizer, and other additive is as fire retardant, and production technique is both not environmentally also uneconomical; Glass fibre has good insulating property and antiultraviolet, anti-static electrification, but glass wool dirt can directly enter lung pipe, causes respiratory tract disease; And the price of these fibers is also relatively costly, add concrete cost.Vegetable fibre, compared with artificial synthetic fiber, has same intensity, but cheap, and wide material sources, environmental friendliness, and has renewable, degradable feature; Especially 20 century 70s start, and after the carcinogenic problem of asbestos is suggested to, make the research of increasing countries and regions to vegetable fibre refinforced cement sill create keen interest.
As the one of vegetable fibre, agricultural crop straw is the natural macromolecular material that nature enriches very much, be a kind of low cost, renewable, degradable natural resource, agriculture production all can produce the agricultural crop straw of billions of tons every year, is but paid attention to and develops for a long time.In China, current most of agricultural crop straw is abandoned as refuse or low-grade fuel burns, and not only wastes valuable biomass resource, and major polluting atmosphere environment.Therefore, the exploitation of agricultural crop straw are the task of top priority, and by agricultural crop straw refinforced cement sill both for the exploitation of stalk resource provide a kind of approach, also meet the strategic choice of material of construction and even economy, environment and social sustainable development simultaneously.
Existing investigative technique shows, the hemicellulose in stalk chemical constitution seriously hinders the heat evolution velocity of cement, and the high alkalinity environment of cement matrix also can destroy the strong conjunction ability between each composition of vegetable fibre thus fall low-fiber intensity simultaneously; Secondly the waxy substance of stalk surface existence, is unfavorable for the gummed of stalk fibre and cement; Above reason greatly limit the application of agricultural crop straw in concrete base building material.In order to improve the restriction that above-mentioned reason is applied agricultural crop straw, traditional method is by stalk fibre before adding cement matrix, adopts suitable mode process to promote its alkali resistant ability.As processed stalk fibre by NaOH solution, its objective is the wax layer destroying stalk surface, make by dipping by lye a large amount of extract Precipitations in fiber, cement being had to slow setting or anticoagulation simultaneously, thus the interfacial adhesion of fortifying fibre and cement matrix, improve the mechanical property (Fan Hua of cement-based material, Sheng Li. the performance test research of straw fiber cement sill, Agricultural University Of Anhui's journal 2011; 38:643-646.).Above measure can increase cohesive force between itself and cement matrix by destroying fiber surface structure, thus improves the anti-bending strength of matrix material to a certain extent, but does not have too large effect for the improvement of fiber self-strength.Compared with above technology, stalk fibre cellulose fiber has following advantage as the strongthener of cement matrix.First, consider from the strength characteristics of fiber self, cellulosic fibre has higher intensity and plays mould compared with stalk fibre former state.(A.K.Bledzki, J.Gassan.Composites reinforced with cellulose based fibres.Prog.Polym.Sci.1999 according to the literature; 24:221-274), the Young's modulus of certain vegetable fibre former state is 10GPa, and its Young's modulus of cellulosic fibre that vegetable fibre extracts thus can reach more than 40GPa.Secondly, with regard to the interfacial effect of Fiber In Composite Material and cement, the cellulosic fibre of single structure and cement have better interface structure adjustability, thus are conducive to the cohesive force between raising component.3rd, adding of stalk fibre cellulose fiber, the composition such as hemicellulose and xylogen in stalk stock blend can be avoided to degrade in cement matrix and the fibrous texture that causes destroys, affect the strength of materials.
The disclosed quick-fried pretreatment technology of ultrasonic assistant vapour extracted for crop branch fiber element of Chinese patent CN102230284A (ZL 201110116073.3), with the xylogen environmental protection abstraction technique that patent CN101798769A (ZL 201010141040.X) reports, propose a set of Technology extracted for crop branch fiber element, effectively removes the complex structure such as hemicellulose and xylogen in agricultural crop straw, the composition of less stable, the stalk cellulose obtained through this Technology has intensity far above former stalk fibre and toughness.
Summary of the invention
In view of the defect in prior art existing for stalk refinforced cement based composites, the cellulosic fibre that the present invention utilizes stalk to extract, as the strongthener of cement-based material, provides a kind of formula, technique and preparation method by stalk cellulose fiber reinforced cement-based composite material.Be intended to utilize stalk fibre cellulose fiber to increase anti-bending strength and the toughness of cement-based material, and dewatered by vacuum filtration for the strong feature of plant cellulose fibrous absorbent and a kind of low density of explained hereafter, high tenacity, the high-strength matrix material-stalk cellulose fiber cement composites such as pressurization.
The object of the invention is by following means realize.
Content of the present invention is: stalk cellulose fiber/water cement-based composite material, is mixed form by stalk fibre cellulose fiber, gelling material, adulterant and water.Described matrix material is made up of the component of following part by weight: the adulterant (preferably 5 ~ 15 parts) of the stalk fibre cellulose fiber (preferably 8 ~ 16 parts) of 2 ~ 20 parts, the gelling material (preferably 69 ~ 87 parts) of 60 ~ 98 parts and 0 ~ 20 part, the ratio of the weight of water and other solid weight is 0.16 ~ 0.40 (preferably 0.20 ~ 0.38).
In content of the present invention, described stalk fibre cellulose fiber can be any one extraction gained in rice straw, wheat stalk or agricultural crop straw.
In content of the present invention, the main composition of described stalk fibre cellulose fiber and weight percent are content of alphacellulose > 85%, and the length of stalk fibre cellulose fiber is 0.5 ~ 1.5mm, polymerization degree > 400.
In content of the present invention, described gelling material can be any one in silicate cement or ordinary Portland cement.
In content of the present invention, described adulterant is one or both in metakaolin or silicon ash.
The preparation method of the stalk cellulose fiber/water cement-based composite material that the present invention relates to realizes as follows.
Step one, stirs 2 ~ 6min after the stalk fibre cellulose fiber after pulverizing adds water in hollander; Then add gelling material and adulterant successively, stir 2 ~ 5min (solid content is 10 ~ 25%);
Step 2, the slurry stirred pour into fast certain size mould and under the vacuum filtration pressure of 0.05 ~ 0.09MPa suction filtration solidify to sample surfaces;
Step 3, by the sample of step 3 gained pressurize 3 ~ 8min under the pressure of 2.5 ~ 3.5MPa, obtains goods;
Step 4, after goods seal and also place 1 ~ 2 day at ambient temperature in plastics bag, carries out mark and supports, also can carry out water and support or vapor cure.
In the present invention, the hemicellulose in vegetable fibre, starch and other extracts can produce strong anticoagulation to cement in the alkaline environment of cement.And for annual stalk fibre, its Inhibitory component content for cement higher than perennial plant several times to tens times, greatly limit the application of stalk in cement-based material.The cellulosic fibre extracted in stalk is applied to cement-base composite material, one is based on the dual function that the intensity of fiber own improves and between itself and cement matrix, cohesive force is improved: when matrix material is subject to certain stress, cellulosic fibre removes the bonding of cement, extract from matrix and rub mutually simultaneously, thisly increased surperficial the subject of knowledge and the object of knowledge work by unsticking, extract merit and frictionwork all improves destruction merit, contribute to the destruction improving matrix material, and then significantly improve intensity and the toughness of matrix material.Moreover Mierocrystalline cellulose, as the toughener of cement matrix, can avoid the strength degradation causing matrix material due to stalk structure deteriorate.Meanwhile, after the different sites of different types of stalk fibre or same fiber adds cement matrix, the fluctuation of composite property can be caused, thus cause the uncertainty of processing parameter in actual industrial production.This is because in fiber, the component such as hemicellulose and xylogen caused, and above component has very big-difference with the difference of floristics and growing environment.And cellulosic structure is identical in all vegetable fibres, therefore cellulosic fibre is as toughener, has better stability for composite property and production technique.
The preparation technology of stalk cellulose fiber/water cement-based composite material, first carries out mechanical disintegration by dried stalk fibre cellulose fiber, continues to stir after adding water in hollander.When cellulosic fibre is uniformly dispersed, add cement and other adulterants continuation stirring, in order to ensure the dispersed of fiber, solid content does corresponding adjustment with the volume of fiber.Remove unnecessary moisture finally by suction filtration dehydration, and pressurization makes fiber and cement matrix have better interfacial effect.Above composite material preparation process is simple, easily operates, make this output of agricultural crop straw huge, and the resource lacking utilization ways is utilized effectively.
Feature of the present invention and beneficial effect are:
(1) the present invention is using stalk fibre cellulose fiber as the wild phase of cement-based material, stalk fibre cellulose fiber add the anti-bending strength, bend ductility and the amount of deflection that improve matrix material, reduce the density of product.Finished product unit weight prepared by the present invention is 1.15 ~ 1.49g/cm 3, bending strength 9.2 ~ 13.8MPa, bend ductility 62.8 ~ 3153.6J/m 2, maximum deflection amount of deflection 2.8 ~ 11.8mm.Compared with cement paste, composite material toughness is maximum increases by more than 50 times, and unit weight is only 57.2 ~ 74.1% of clean slurry unit weight.Therefore, when agricultural crop straw also lack effectively utilize technology, the present invention realizes stalk resource recycling and improves a kind of effective way of ecotope.
(2) adopt stalk fibre cellulose fiber as the wild phase of matrix material in the present invention, its intensity and the more former stalk fibre of toughness have and significantly improve, stalk fibre cellulose fiber add the strength degradation that stalk structure deteriorate in alkaline environment can be avoided to cause; Eliminate the strong anticoagulation that the hemicellulose in stalk fibre produces cement with other extract; Solve stalk wax epidermis is combined difference problem with cement matrix.
(3) adulterant silicon ash and the activeconstituents SiO of metakaolin in the present invention 2and A1 2o 32SiO 2, can with the hydrated product Ca (OH) of cement 2there is secondary reaction of hydration, generate the product such as drated calcium aluminate, C-S-H gel, reduce the basicity of matrix, improve intensity and the toughness of material; And product only needs just secondary reaction of hydration to occur under normal pressure, normal temperature or medium temperature condition, decreases the energy consumption of production.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is embodiment of the present invention cellulosic fibre used.
Fig. 2 is the SEM figure of matrix material of the present invention sample section after anti-bending strength test.
Fig. 3 is the amount of deflection figure not mixing fiber Yu mix a certain amount of stalk cellulose fiber cement-based material.
Embodiment
Embodiment given below is intended being further explained explanation to the present invention; but can not be interpreted as it is limiting the scope of the invention; some nonessential improvement and adjustment that person skilled in art makes the present invention according to the content of the invention described above, still belong to protection scope of the present invention.
Preparation technology of the present invention, comprises the following steps:
Step one, stirs 2 ~ 6min after the stalk fibre cellulose fiber after pulverizing adds water in hollander; Then add gelling material and adulterant successively, stir 2 ~ 5min (solid content is 10 ~ 25%);
Step 2, the slurry stirred pour into fast certain size mould and under the vacuum filtration pressure of 0.05 ~ 0.09MPa suction filtration solidify to sample surfaces;
Step 3, by the sample of step 3 gained pressurize 3 ~ 8min under the pressure of 2.5 ~ 3.5MPa, obtains goods.
Step 4, after goods seal and also place 1 ~ 2 day at ambient temperature in plastics bag, carries out mark and supports, also can carry out water and support or vapor cure.
In embodiment 1 ~ 11 below, cellulosic fibre used is rice straw cellulosic fibre.It is 20 ~ 120 orders that dry rice straw cellulosic fibre is crushed to particle diameter in Universalpulverizer, add water and stir after 2 ~ 6min in hollander, add gelling material and adulterant and stir 2 ~ 5min (, at 1000 ~ 1500r/min, solid content is 10 ~ 25% for agitator speed).Then the slurry stirred is poured while stirring fast into the mould of certain size, under the vacuum filtration pressure of 0.05 ~ 0.09MPa suction filtration to sample surfaces solidification, and under the pressure of 3.2MPa pressurize 5min, namely obtain goods.After goods after shaping are sealed in and place 2 days at ambient temperature in plastics bag, normal curing was by 28 days.
In order to contrast effect of the present invention further, under the preparation process condition identical with the embodiment of the present invention, do not mix the cement slurry of any fiber, undressed rice straw fiber/water cement-based composite material, and by prior art through the stalk fibre/cement-base composite material of alkaline solution treatment by as a comparison, and compare the bending strength of goods, toughness, maximum deflection amount of deflection and density, the results are shown in Table 1.
Fig. 1 is the SEM figure of rice fibers cellulose fiber.Fig. 2 is the SEM figure of sample section after the test of embodiment 2 anti-bending strength.Described figure 2 shows, and cellulosic fibre is uniformly dispersed in cement matrix, and the cohesive force had, and most of fiber is in the substrate in the state of extracting but not fracture.
Fig. 3 is that embodiment 1,3,5 and comparative example 1 bending load are to the figure of sag.The figure display admixture of fiber and the increase of volume to the improvement of composite material toughness significantly, and significantly increase the amount of deflection of matrix material.
Table 1
In above-described embodiment and comparative example: described gelling material is 42.5 ordinary Portland cements.
In above-described embodiment 1 ~ 11: the main composition of described rice fibers cellulose fiber and weight percent are content of alphacellulose > 85%, the length of rice fibers cellulose fiber is 0.5 ~ 1.5mm, polymerization degree > 400.
In above-mentioned comparative example 1: described goods are the cement paste not mixing any fiber.
In above-mentioned comparative example 2: described fiber is undressed rice straw fiber.
In above-mentioned comparative example 3: described fiber is the rice straw fiber after alkaline solution treatment.
In above-described embodiment and this specification sheets, not clear and definite per-cent is weight percent (or weight percentage), the step of concrete statement and processing method and is equal to prior art.
The invention is not restricted to above-described embodiment, all can implement described in content of the present invention and there is described good result.

Claims (7)

1. a stalk cellulose fiber/water cement-based composite material, it is characterized in that, described matrix material is made up of the component of following part by weight: the adulterant of the stalk fibre cellulose fiber of 2 ~ 20 parts, the gelling material of 60 ~ 98 parts and 0 ~ 20 part, the ratio of the weight of water and other solid weight is 0.16 ~ 0.40.
2. stalk cellulose fiber/water cement-based composite material according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described matrix material is made up of the component of following part by weight: the stalk fibre cellulose fiber of 8 ~ 16 parts of parts, 5 ~ 15 parts of adulterants of the gelling material of 69 ~ 87 parts and 0 ~ 20 part, the ratio of the weight of water and other solid weight is 0.20 ~ 0.38.
3. stalk cellulose fiber/water cement-based composite material according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described stalk fibre cellulose fiber can be any one extraction gained in rice straw, wheat stalk or other annual crops stalks.
4. stalk cellulose fiber/water cement-based composite material according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the main composition of described stalk fibre cellulose fiber and weight percent are content of alphacellulose > 85%, the length of stalk fibre cellulose fiber is 0.5 ~ 1.5mm, polymerization degree > 400.
5. stalk cellulose fiber/water cement-based composite material according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described gelling material can be any one in silicate cement or ordinary Portland cement.
6. stalk cellulose fiber/water cement-based composite material according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described adulterant is one or both in metakaolin or silicon ash.
7. a preparation method for stalk cellulose fiber/water cement-based composite material, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
Step one, stirs 2 ~ 6min after the stalk fibre cellulose fiber after pulverizing adds water in hollander; Then add gelling material and adulterant successively, stir 2 ~ 5min, solid content is 10 ~ 25%;
Step 2, the slurry stirred pour into fast certain size mould and under the vacuum filtration pressure of 0.05 ~ 0.09MPa suction filtration solidify to sample surfaces;
Step 3, by the sample of step 3 gained pressurize 3 ~ 8min under the pressure of 2.5 ~ 3.5MPa, obtains goods;
Step 4, after goods seal and also place 1 ~ 2 day at ambient temperature in plastics bag, carries out mark and supports, also can carry out water and support or vapor cure.
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Cited By (8)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106946540A (en) * 2017-03-01 2017-07-14 苏州顶裕节能设备有限公司 A kind of insulation material added with string and preparation method thereof
CN108623230A (en) * 2018-07-16 2018-10-09 桐城市景瑞建筑装饰工程有限公司 A kind of cement-based microporous building material
CN110183201A (en) * 2019-05-06 2019-08-30 浙江大东吴集团建设有限公司 A kind of green cement composite material
CN111302685A (en) * 2020-02-21 2020-06-19 郑州知淘信息科技有限责任公司 Preparation method of wheat straw fiber reinforced cement board and wheat straw fiber reinforced cement board
CN111549578A (en) * 2020-05-19 2020-08-18 南京紫晶藤节能科技有限公司 Energy-saving environment-friendly plate with good flame retardant property and manufacturing method thereof
CN111892346A (en) * 2020-04-26 2020-11-06 东北电力大学 Environment-friendly modified straw fiber regenerated fine aggregate cement-based composite material and preparation method thereof
CN111958760A (en) * 2020-08-18 2020-11-20 西南科技大学 Bamboo pulp cellulose fiber/hydrated magnesium silicate based composite material and preparation method thereof
CN112408902A (en) * 2020-11-12 2021-02-26 广东新元素板业有限公司 Preparation method of fiber-reinforced silicate board with high impact resistance

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CN101131036A (en) * 2007-07-26 2008-02-27 信阳木工机械有限责任公司 Stalk and cement mixed artificial board and manufacturing method thereof
CN101713236A (en) * 2009-11-30 2010-05-26 陈兆平 Light and high-strength wallboard made from fiber reinforced concrete and preparation method thereof
CN101885596A (en) * 2010-06-11 2010-11-17 北京交通大学 Plant fiber cement-based block material and preparation method thereof

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101131036A (en) * 2007-07-26 2008-02-27 信阳木工机械有限责任公司 Stalk and cement mixed artificial board and manufacturing method thereof
CN101713236A (en) * 2009-11-30 2010-05-26 陈兆平 Light and high-strength wallboard made from fiber reinforced concrete and preparation method thereof
CN101885596A (en) * 2010-06-11 2010-11-17 北京交通大学 Plant fiber cement-based block material and preparation method thereof

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106946540A (en) * 2017-03-01 2017-07-14 苏州顶裕节能设备有限公司 A kind of insulation material added with string and preparation method thereof
CN108623230A (en) * 2018-07-16 2018-10-09 桐城市景瑞建筑装饰工程有限公司 A kind of cement-based microporous building material
CN110183201A (en) * 2019-05-06 2019-08-30 浙江大东吴集团建设有限公司 A kind of green cement composite material
CN111302685A (en) * 2020-02-21 2020-06-19 郑州知淘信息科技有限责任公司 Preparation method of wheat straw fiber reinforced cement board and wheat straw fiber reinforced cement board
CN111892346A (en) * 2020-04-26 2020-11-06 东北电力大学 Environment-friendly modified straw fiber regenerated fine aggregate cement-based composite material and preparation method thereof
CN111549578A (en) * 2020-05-19 2020-08-18 南京紫晶藤节能科技有限公司 Energy-saving environment-friendly plate with good flame retardant property and manufacturing method thereof
CN111958760A (en) * 2020-08-18 2020-11-20 西南科技大学 Bamboo pulp cellulose fiber/hydrated magnesium silicate based composite material and preparation method thereof
CN112408902A (en) * 2020-11-12 2021-02-26 广东新元素板业有限公司 Preparation method of fiber-reinforced silicate board with high impact resistance

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