CN104682751B - Modularization based on PAM and PWM hybrid modulations cascades multilevel converter - Google Patents

Modularization based on PAM and PWM hybrid modulations cascades multilevel converter Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104682751B
CN104682751B CN201510091968.4A CN201510091968A CN104682751B CN 104682751 B CN104682751 B CN 104682751B CN 201510091968 A CN201510091968 A CN 201510091968A CN 104682751 B CN104682751 B CN 104682751B
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submodule
hbm
types
pam
fbm
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CN104682751A (en
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姚钢
周荔丹
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Nanjing Yueyuan Electric Power Research Institute Co.,Ltd.
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Shanghai Jiaotong University
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
    • H02M7/49—Combination of the output voltage waveforms of a plurality of converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
    • H02M7/4835—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels comprising two or more cells, each including a switchable capacitor, the capacitors having a nominal charge voltage which corresponds to a given fraction of the input voltage, and the capacitors being selectively connected in series to determine the instantaneous output voltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0067—Converter structures employing plural converter units, other than for parallel operation of the units on a single load
    • H02M1/0077—Plural converter units whose outputs are connected in series
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
    • H02M7/539—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters with automatic control of output wave form or frequency
    • H02M7/5395—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters with automatic control of output wave form or frequency by pulse-width modulation

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Inverter Devices (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)

Abstract

Multilevel converter is cascaded the present invention relates to a kind of modularization based on PAM and PWM hybrid modulations, any bridge arm of the modularization cascade multilevel converter includes 2N HBM types submodule and 2M FBM type submodule, wherein, M FBM types submodule and N number of HBM types sub-module cascade into upper bridge arm, N number of HBM types submodule into descend bridge arm with M FBM type sub-module cascade；The 2N HBM types submodule constitutes PAM modulating units, and the 2M FBM types submodule constitutes PWM unit.Compared with prior art, the present invention is using PAM and the method for PWM hybrid modulations, effectively reduce system switching loss and output voltage, Current harmonic distortion rate, the control accuracy and dynamic responding speed of output parameter are improved, and HBM submodules DC voltage and the unbalanced problem of power output can be solved.

Description

Modularization based on PAM and PWM hybrid modulations cascades multilevel converter
Technical field
Multilevel converter is cascaded the present invention relates to a kind of modularization, tune is mixed with PWM based on PAM more particularly, to one kind The modularization cascade multilevel converter of system.
Background technology
Modularization multi-level converter (MMC) is because with power capacity is big, switching frequency is low, output harmonic wave is small and response speed The advantages of spending fast, is increasingly widely applied in high-voltage large-capacity current transformer occasion.
MMC topological structure has a variety of, wherein semi-bridge type submodule (Half-Bridge-Module, HBM type submodule) Cascade MMC topologys are widely used, and (1a) of its structure such as in Fig. 1 is shown, but it is short to be due to that it can not handle public direct-current side Road failure, limits its operation stability.To solve this problem, related scholar proposes bridge-type submodule (Full- Bridge-Module, FBM type submodule) cascade MMC topologys, (1b) of its structure such as in Fig. 1 be shown, due to the topological structure Cause power device to add one times, add MMC installation costs, limit its large-scale promotion application.
Be divided into the control method of MMC output voltage pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) staircase waveform stacking control method and The phase shift stacking control method of pulse width modulation (PWM).
It is the different switch angles by choosing in advance that the staircase waveform of pulse amplitude modulation (PAM), which folds control strategy, is made every Individual submodule output voltage is overlapped, and forms the output voltage close to modulated signal waveform, the purpose is to eliminate output voltage In low-order harmonic, and make output voltage total harmonic distortion factor minimum, because its switching frequency is extremely low, therefore its switching loss compared with It is small.But require that sub-module cascade number is higher in actual motion, otherwise can be less because of output voltage step number, and cause its defeated Go out harmonic content in voltage to increase.And the control strategy also exist each submodule direct current survey that voltage pulsation is big and power output not The defect of balance, these defects will have a strong impact on the operation stability of MMC devices.
The phase shift stacking control method of pulse width modulation (PWM) is that control is per height by comparing modulating wave and carrier wave The break-make of module switch device, and pass through the phase shift superposition of each submodule output waveform, equivalent raising MMC switch frequency Rate, so as to realize the accurate control to output waveform and the higher dynamic response time of acquirement.But its each submodule is switched Frequency is higher, therefore its switching loss is larger, and harmonic content is smaller.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the present invention to overcome the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art and provide one kind is based on PAM and PWM The modularization cascade multilevel converter of hybrid modulation, effectively reduces the harmonic content of its outlet side voltage, realizes defeated to MMC Go out quick, the accurate control of waveform.
The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions：
A kind of modularization based on PAM and PWM hybrid modulations cascades multilevel converter, the modularization cascade connection multi-level Any bridge arm of transverter includes 2N HBM types submodule and 2M FBM type submodule, wherein, M FBM types submodule and N Individual HBM types sub-module cascade into descends bridge arm into upper bridge arm, N number of HBM types submodule with M FBM type sub-module cascade；
The 2N HBM types submodule constitutes PAM modulating units, and each HBM types submodule therein uses fundamental frequency PAM Modulation system；
The 2M FBM types submodule constitutes PWM unit, and each FBM types submodule therein uses high-frequency PWM Modulation system.
The N is more than M.
The staircase waveform that the FBM types submodule is superimposed using two close cycles tracking to HBM type submodules carries out harmonic wave Component compensation.
The HBM types submodule uses submodule voltage ranking method and submodule PAM modulated signals based on loop current suppression Cyclical method carries out DC voltage control.
The submodule voltage ranking method is specially：
Judge current operating state, if current operating state is charged state, according to the input number n of setting, only put into n The minimum module of individual DC voltage, if current operating state is discharge condition, according to the input number n of setting, only input n is straight Flow voltage highest module.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has advantages below：
1st, optimized for MMC topological structures, the present invention uses HBM submodules and FBM submodule Mixed cascading schemes, That is the most submodules of every phase bridge arm of MMC use semi-bridge type submodule, and few part submodule uses bridge-type submodule, The quantity of switching device in device is effectively reduced, installation cost is reduced, and cause MMC to possess the short circuit of public direct-current side Disposal ability；
2nd, the present invention uses PAM+PWM hybrid modulations, and each HBM types submodule is modulated using PAM, all works in fundamental frequency and open Close under frequency, HBM types submodule makes MMC output staircase waveforms approach sine wave using fundamental frequency optimization PAM methods；Each FBM modules Modulated, be all operated under HF switch frequency using high-frequency PWM, FBM modules use two close cycles tracking, to HBM submodules The staircase waveform being superimposed carries out harmonic component compensation, it is achieved thereby that quick, the accurate control to MMC output waveforms；
PWM all is used relatively, the switching loss of MMC devices is smaller；All modulated relatively using PAM, MMC can Output voltage, current distortion rate are effectively reduced, device control accuracy and dynamic responding speed is improved；
3rd, the present invention considers that the fluctuation of HBM submodules DC voltage is because energy is distributed not between each submodule Equilibrium problem, the present invention is mended using submodule voltage ranking method and submodule PAM modulated signal cyclical methods based on loop current suppression The energy of the relatively low submodule of voltage is repaid, the energy of the higher submodule of voltage is absorbed so that energy is rebalanced in modules, And two harmonics of each submodule DC voltage are inhibited, and reduce the fluctuation of its voltage；
4th, the present invention is modulated by the way of PAM+PWM mixing to MMC, and skill is modulated with the very low frequencies for realizing device Art, reduction plant running loss.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is existing MMC topological structure schematic diagram；
Wherein, (1a) is semi-bridge type submodule schematic diagram, and (1b) is bridge-type submodule schematic diagram；
This MMC topology diagram of the invention based on hybrid modulation of Fig. 2；
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of PAM+PWM hybrid modulations；
Wherein, (3a) is that HBM type submodule unit output voltages are superimposed the staircase waveform to be formed, and (3b) is FBM type submodules The reference modulated signal of unit PWM, (3c) is FBM type submodule unit PWM pulse signals, and (3d) is PAM+PWM Hybrid-modulated Signal waveform；
Fig. 4 is the PWM ripple producing method schematic diagram of FBM type submodules；
Fig. 5 is the loop current suppression frame in the submodule voltage sort method based on loop current suppression of dc-voltage balance Figure.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in detail with specific embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.The present embodiment is with technical solution of the present invention Premised on implemented, give detailed embodiment and specific operating process, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to Following embodiments.
The present embodiment provides a kind of modularization based on PAM and PWM hybrid modulations and cascades multilevel converter, such as Fig. 2 institutes Show, any bridge arm of modularization cascade multilevel converter includes 2N HBM types submodule and 2M FBM type submodule, Wherein, M FBM types submodule (FBMU1~M) and N number of HBM types submodule (HBMU1~N) are cascaded into bridge arm, N number of HBM types Submodule (HBMD1~N) and M FBM types submodule (FBMD1~M) are cascaded into lower bridge arm, and N is much larger than M, N>4M.
2N HBM types submodule constitutes PAM modulating units, and each HBM types submodule therein has+E, 0 (E is each electricity The magnitude of voltage of appearance) two level, and each HBM submodules use fundamental frequency PAM modulation techniques, are superimposed, forced by output voltage Closely refer to modulated signal.2M FBM types submodule constitutes PWM unit, and each FBM types submodule therein uses high frequency PWM mode, and the staircase waveform being superimposed using two close cycles tracking to HBM type submodules carries out harmonic component compensation. Due to carrying out harmonic compensation to MMC output voltages, electric current during PWM, so effectively reducing output voltage, electric current Percent harmonic distortion.PAM+PWM methods proposed by the present invention combine both advantages, can take into account switching loss and output current Harmonic content, and improve device control accuracy and response speed.
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of PAM+PWM hybrid modulations, wherein (3a), which is HBM type submodule units output voltage, is superimposed shape Into staircase waveform --- uPAM=uf+uh, wherein ufTo export the fundamental voltage of staircase waveform, it is approximately equal to and refers to modulated signal；uhFor Export the harmonic voltage of staircase waveform；(3b) show reference modulated signal --- the u of FBM type submodule unit PWMsPWM-ref =uref-uPAM, total reference modulated signal of wherein hybrid modulation is uref；(3c) show FBM type submodule unit PWMs Pulse signal；(3d) is PAM+PWM Hybrid-modulated Signal waveforms --- uall=uPWM+uPAM。
Fig. 4 is the PWM ripple producing method of FBM type submodules, wherein each HBM types submodule is modulated using PAM, thus Device for power switching is operated under fundamental wave switching frequency；Each FBM types submodule uses PWM, thus device for power switching work Make under higher switching frequency.HBM types submodule output staircase voltage uPAM.The modulating wave u of PWM unitsPWMMeet
uPWM=uref-uPAM=uref-(uf+uh)=- uh
Its dutycycle is met：
For the DC voltage imbalance problem caused by the angle of flow difference of each HBM types submodule, HBM type submodules Block makes its each HBM type using submodule voltage ranking method and submodule PAM modulated signal cyclical methods based on loop current suppression Module DC side is balanced, and two harmonics of each submodule DC voltage are inhibited, and reduce the ripple of its voltage It is dynamic.Fig. 5 is the loop current suppression block diagram in the submodule voltage sort method based on loop current suppression of dc-voltage balance.
The present embodiment use submodule voltage ranking method be specially：Current operating state is judged, if current operating state For charged state, then according to the input number n of setting, the minimum module of n DC voltage is only put into, if current operating state is to put Electricity condition, then according to the input number n of setting, only put into n DC voltage highest module.Assuming that upper bridge arm totally 4 HBM types Module, the module ranking results of DC voltage from high to low are HBMU2, HBMU3, HBMU4, HBMU1, according to different input numbers N, can obtain the implementation of submodule voltage sequence as shown in table 1.Submodule block sequencing balance control based on loop current suppression System so that the trigger pulse of each submodule is redistributed.The submodule relatively low to voltage by pulse distribution is put into, will cut off pulse The higher submodule of voltage is distributed to, energy is realized and is redistributed between each submodule, so that each submodule direct current Side voltage stabilization and it is consistent.
Table 1
N=1 N=2 N=3 N=4
i>0 (charging) HBM1 HBM1,HBM4 HBM1,HBM3,HBM4 All put into
I≤0 (electric discharge) HBM2 HBM2,HBM3 HBM2,HBM3,HBM4 All put into

Claims (3)

1. a kind of modularization based on PAM and PWM hybrid modulations cascades multilevel converter, it is characterised in that the modularization Any bridge arm of cascade connection multi-level transverter includes 2N HBM types submodule and 2M FBM type submodule, wherein, M FBM Type submodule and N number of HBM types sub-module cascade into upper bridge arm, N number of HBM types submodule into descend bridge with M FBM type sub-module cascade Arm；
The 2N HBM types submodule constitutes PAM modulating units, and each HBM types submodule therein is using fundamental frequency PAM modulation Mode；
The 2M FBM types submodule constitutes PWM unit, and each FBM types submodule therein is modulated using high-frequency PWM Mode；
The HBM types submodule is using the submodule voltage ranking method based on loop current suppression and submodule PAM modulated signal rotations Method carries out DC voltage control, and the submodule voltage ranking method is specially：
Judge current operating state, if current operating state is charged state, according to the input number n of setting, only input n is straight The minimum module of voltage is flowed, if current operating state is discharge condition, according to the input number n of setting, n direct current is only put into Press highest module.
2. the modularization according to claim 1 based on PAM and PWM hybrid modulations cascades multilevel converter, its feature It is, the N is more than M.
3. the modularization according to claim 1 based on PAM and PWM hybrid modulations cascades multilevel converter, its feature It is, the staircase waveform that the FBM types submodule is superimposed using two close cycles tracking to HBM type submodules carries out harmonic component Compensation.
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CN105356780B (en) * 2015-10-23 2018-03-30 南方电网科学研究院有限责任公司 The modulator approach and system of submodule mixed type module Multilevel Inverters
CN108432108B (en) * 2015-12-18 2020-09-08 Abb电网瑞士股份公司 Voltage balancing in modular multilevel converter with delta configuration
GB2550421A (en) 2016-05-20 2017-11-22 General Electric Technology Gmbh Control of voltage source converters
WO2019138550A1 (en) * 2018-01-12 2019-07-18 三菱電機株式会社 Power conversion device
CN111030496B (en) * 2019-04-04 2022-11-11 沈阳工业大学 Variable carrier hybrid modulation method suitable for modular multilevel converter
CN109873424B (en) 2019-04-17 2019-11-22 山东大学 The hybrid cascade APF topological structure of one kind and its control method
CN112928931B (en) * 2019-12-06 2022-08-12 北京金风科创风电设备有限公司 MMC sub-module on-off control method, device and system
CN111697853B (en) * 2020-06-03 2022-03-25 上海交通大学 Hybrid modulation method of modular multilevel converter

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JP2003209999A (en) * 2002-01-10 2003-07-25 Nissan Motor Co Ltd Motor controller
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CN103457501B (en) * 2013-08-23 2016-08-17 上海交通大学 SVG modulator approach based on PAM+PWM cascaded multilevel inverter
CN103678887A (en) * 2013-11-25 2014-03-26 中国西电电气股份有限公司 Modular multi-level converter sub-module voltage sorting method
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CN103904677B (en) * 2014-03-27 2015-09-23 浙江大学 The method for handover control of a kind of VSC-HVDC between networking and decoupled mode
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