CN104676584A - Biomass boiler and method for using heat energy by biomass boiler - Google Patents

Biomass boiler and method for using heat energy by biomass boiler Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104676584A
CN104676584A CN201510017000.7A CN201510017000A CN104676584A CN 104676584 A CN104676584 A CN 104676584A CN 201510017000 A CN201510017000 A CN 201510017000A CN 104676584 A CN104676584 A CN 104676584A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
fire grate
biomass
boiler
fuel
fluid bed
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN201510017000.7A
Other languages
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
楼波
邬思柯
王小聪
马括
李茂东
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
South China University of Technology SCUT
Guangzhou Special Pressure Equipment Inspection and Research Institute
Original Assignee
South China University of Technology SCUT
Guangzhou Special Pressure Equipment Inspection and Research Institute
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by South China University of Technology SCUT, Guangzhou Special Pressure Equipment Inspection and Research Institute filed Critical South China University of Technology SCUT
Priority to CN201510017000.7A priority Critical patent/CN104676584A/en
Publication of CN104676584A publication Critical patent/CN104676584A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23CMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C10/00Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23CMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C10/00Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
    • F23C10/18Details; Accessories
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23CMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C10/00Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
    • F23C10/18Details; Accessories
    • F23C10/20Inlets for fluidisation air, e.g. grids; Bottoms
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23CMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C10/00Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
    • F23C10/18Details; Accessories
    • F23C10/22Fuel feeders specially adapted for fluidised bed combustion apparatus

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Solid-Fuel Combustion (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a biomass boiler which comprises a feed hopper, an isolating door, a fire grate, a preposed furnace arch, an air supply opening, a fluidized bed, a cap, a reject valve, a heated face and a smoke outlet. The invention further discloses a method for using heat energy applied to the biomass boiler. The method comprises the following steps: 1, when the boiler is started, detecting whether the air supply opening is started or not, when the air supply opening is started, raising the isolating door and executing a step 2, otherwise, closing the isolating door and executing a step 5; 2, feeding a biomass fuel into the fire grate from the feed hopper, wherein chemical energy in volatile matters of the biomass fuel is converted into heat energy; 3, feeding the biomass fuel into a combustion region of the fluidized bed, wherein the chemical energy in fixed carbon is converted into heat energy, and residual ash is discharged from the reject valve, when the boiler needs to be stopped in operation, executing a step 4; 4, stopping supplying the fuel, closing the air supply opening and executing the step 1; and 5, stopping operation of the boiler. The biomass boiler disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the fuel burnout rate and the boiler combustion efficiency are improved.

Description

A kind of biomass boiler and utilize the method for heat energy
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of heat energy utilization, particularly a kind of biomass boiler and utilize the method for heat energy.
Background technology
China is large agricultural country, biomass source and extensively, and biomass fuel has CO 2clean discharge capacity is 0, sulfide, NO xlow with heavy metal contaminants discharge, lime-ash can environmental protection characteristic that also field etc. is excellent, is called green energy resource and low-carbon energy.Simultaneously biomass energy is again regenerative resource, and in today of energy worsening shortages, its utilization has great energy strategy meaning, more and more pay attention to by country.Biomass boiler be a kind of biomass energy utilize equipment, cardinal principle utilizes its heat energy by the burning of biomass fuel.Present stage, a lot of biomass layer burner was formed by previous coal-fired grate furnace transformation, and biomass fuel burns on the fire grate of movement, falls into deslagging device after burning, flowed out burner hearth after high-temperature flue gas heating heating surface.But, because biomass boiler has just started to carry out, the processes such as design, transformation and operation are also in the stage of fumbling, inadequate to the characteristic research of biomass fuel, living beings volatile content is high, moment a large amount of effusion burning can cause heat to concentrate release, there is Hong combustion phenomenon during some biomass boilers are run.In addition, if after boiler stops air feed, fuel continues fall into fire grate from feed hopper and travel forward thereupon, now the flue gas of burner hearth high temperature conducts heat and radiation heating charging, cause fugitive constituent to overflow, fugitive constituent is gathered in hearth region, and after reaching finite concentration and temperature, unexpected burning is even exploded, have a strong impact on safe and economical boiler to run, also bring very large potential safety hazard to production.In addition, biomass boiler meets fugitive constituent combustion requirements more, cannot provide and make enough burning times fixed carbon burn completely, so improve combustion system, the burnout rate improving biomass fuel also has certain practical significance.
Summary of the invention
Primary and foremost purpose of the present invention is that the shortcoming overcoming prior art is with not enough, and provide a kind of biomass boiler, this biomass boiler is furnished with isolating door at feed zone, after drying stage and fugitive constituent effusion combustion phases complete on fire grate, falls into fluidized bed combustion district.
Another object of the present invention is to overcome the shortcoming of prior art and deficiency, a kind of method utilizing heat energy of biomass boiler is provided, in the method, portion of air feeds bottom fire grate, another part air is sent into from fluidized-bed bottom, air feed distributes according to oxygen amount needed for combustion phases, and after burning completely, lime-ash is discharged by the residual cake valve of fluidized-bed bottom; High-temperature flue gas flows to back-end ductwork by burner hearth, and heats heating surface in the process.
Primary and foremost purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: a kind of biomass boiler, comprises with lower device: feed hopper 1-1, isolating door 1-2, fire grate 2-1, preposition chimney arch 2-2, confession air port 2-3, fluid bed 3-1, blast cap 3-2, residual cake valve 3-3, heating surface 4-1, exhanst gas outlet 4-2 etc.; And utilize the stage to arrange each device in order according to fuel thermal energy.
The burner hearth main body of described biomass boiler is fire grate 2-1, the top of described fire grate front end is provided with feed hopper 1-1, kept apart by furnace wall between described feed hopper 1-1 and burner hearth, isolating door 1-2 is provided with between described feed hopper and furnace wall, the top of described fire grate first half section is provided with preposition chimney arch 2-2, be provided with for air port 2-3 from the bottom in fire grate stage casing, fluid bed 3-1 is provided with below described fire grate end, the bottom of described fluid bed is provided with blast cap 3-2, and the metope of described fluid bed end is provided with residual cake valve 3-3; The top of described fire grate and fluid bed is provided with heating surface 4-1, and the gap between described heating surface and burner hearth metope is exhanst gas outlet 4-2.
Isolating door is furnished with between described feed hopper and burner hearth, the lowering or hoisting gear switch of isolating door is connected with for air switch, when burner hearth has air to supply, isolating door rises, now fuel falls into right bank fire grate from feed hopper and travels forward thereupon, when burner hearth supplies without air, isolating door is closed, and now fuel cannot travel forward with fire grate.
1/2 length of described preposition chimney arch length to be chimney arch length be fire grate, chimney arch endways have certain angle.
Described fire grate is chain furnace, and by feed hopper direction to burner hearth medial motion, fire grate to be built a wall load-bearing by refractory brick.
The length of described fire grate depends on that the fugitive constituent of biomass fuel burns position, and the biomass fuel after fugitive constituent burns falls into fluid bed, with prolonging burning time, increases gas-solid mixing, ensures efficiency of combustion.
The described air port that supplies is positioned at bottom fire grate, and air is up sent in biomass boiler bottom fire grate.
Described blast cap is positioned at fluidized-bed bottom, and the mean allocation through blast cap after air-supply enters fluid bed, plays a part to maintain fluidization and oxygen supply burning.For making liquid produce fluidization, fluid bed blast is greater than blast bottom fire grate.
Described exhanst gas outlet is anterior near boiler, and flue gas enters exhanst gas outlet and flows out burner hearth after each heating surface.
Another object of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: a kind of method utilizing heat energy of described biomass boiler, comprises the following steps:
Step 1, when boiler startup, detect and whether start for air port, if do not start for air port, then close isolating door, perform step 5; When starting for air port, isolating door being risen and performs step 2;
Step 2, biomass fuel fall into fire grate from feed hopper, and after fuel temperature raises, first moisture overflow, and after this fugitive constituent is overflowed and burnt, and the chemical energy in fugitive constituent is heat energy;
Step 3, biomass fuel enter fluidized bed combustion district, and now fixed carbon burns and discharges heat energy, and the chemical energy in fixed carbon is heat energy, and residual ash content will be discharged by residual cake valve, perform step 4 when boiler needs out of service;
The supply of step 4, stopping biomass fuel, closes for air port, and performs step 1;
Step 5, boiler are out of service.
Principle of the present invention: the efficient heat energy utilization that biomass boiler of the present invention is used for living beings has feed zone, fire grate combustion zone, fluidized bed combustion district and heat affected zone, and each district arranged successively by the heat energy utilization stage.Feed zone is provided with isolating door, automatically closes fuel supply when stopping air feed.Fire grate combustion zone is made up of fire grate, and for the drying of fuel and the burning of fugitive constituent, fluidized bed combustion district is made up of fluid bed, and for the burning of fixed carbon and the discharge of lime-ash, heat affected zone heating working medium is for heat energy utilization.After ventilation apparatus is opened, feed zone isolating door rises, and biomass fuel falls into fire grate from feed hopper, and with fire grate to burner hearth internal motion.Owing to being subject to ignition substance heating and the radiation of burner hearth residual temperature and the moisture that first loses in fuel, after this temperature rising starts to separate out fugitive constituent, and fugitive constituent lights the combustion process of rear beginning biomass fuel.In fuel, part fugitive constituent is separated out and burns, and falls into fluid bed at fire grate end.Fluidized-bed bottom has air feed, plays the effect of fluidization fuel particle simultaneously for the burning of fuel provides required oxygen.Fuel burns away, and the now burning of fixed carbon accounts for leading role, until all burnt, fuel combustion terminates, and then lime-ash can be discharged by residual cake valve.Compared with traditional biomass boiler, under the condition of identical burner hearth length, arrange that fire grate and fluid bed contribute to prolonging burning time, increase burning area simultaneously.After fugitive constituent effusion, the flowing space is large, can not assemble and cause the problems such as Hong combustion.For the feature of biomass fuel, fuel complete on fire grate dehydrate, process such as fugitive constituent effusion burning etc., in fluid bed, be then fixed the burning of carbon, after all burnt, ash content is discharged from slag-drip opening, can improve the burnout rate of fuel.Burner hearth is provided with preposition chimney arch, has gas flow guiding effect, makes gas to heating surface end parts.High-temperature flue gas flows to exhanst gas outlet after flowing through heating surface, completes heat energy utilization process in burner hearth.The present invention is directed to the combustion characteristics of heterogeneity in living beings, improve traditional grate furnace structure, increase and use fluidized combustion technology to use fixed carbon, in tight space more, the Thorough combustion of biomass fuel can be ensured, improve the utilization rate of fuel.
The present invention has following advantage and effect relative to prior art:
1, biomass boiler of the present invention arranges isolating door at feed zone, stops the supply stopping fuel after air feed, prevents the generation of Hong combustion, biomass boiler is safely and steadily run, effectively eliminates potential safety hazard during production.
2, add fluid-bed combustion furnace at the fire grate end of biomass boiler, strengthen the burning of burning segment, effectively improve the efficiency of combustion of biomass fuel.
3, compared with biomass boiler of the present invention changes biomass boiler with traditional coal, its compact conformation, reasonable air feed feeding, under the condition utilizing original grate furnace equipment, effectively expand burning area, with fluidisation method burning fixed carbon, improve fuel burnout rate, improve boiler combustion efficiency.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the overall schematic of biomass boiler of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the generalized section of biomass boiler of the present invention.
In fig. 1 and 2: 1-1 represents feed hopper, 1-2 represents isolating door, 2-1 represents fire grate, and 2-2 represents preposition chimney arch, and 2-3 represents for air port, 3-1 represents fluid bed, 3-2 represents blast cap, and 3-3 represents residual cake valve, and 4-1 represents heating surface, 4-2 represents exhanst gas outlet, and the arrow in figure represents that intake air flows to.
Fig. 3 is the procedure chart that biomass boiler of the present invention utilizes heat energy.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further detail, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, biomass fuel falls into fire grate by feed hopper 1-1 and with fire grate to stove chamber inner movement.After starting for air port, isolating door 1-2 rises thus isolating door is risen, and biomass fuel can travel forward and enter in burner hearth.When not starting for air port, isolating door declines under gravity thus closes isolating door, stops and continues to send into biomass fuel in burner hearth.If continue to carry biomass fuel in burner hearth when air feed deficiency, biomass fuel is overflowed fugitive constituent under the hyperthermia radiation of burner hearth, the fugitive constituent of effusion, owing to not burning or burning insufficient thus being gathered in burner hearth, is easy to the generation causing Hong combustion accident; Therefore, isolating door ensure that to only have when there being air feed in burner hearth just to be sent into biomass fuel in burner hearth, serves vital effect for what prevent Hong combustion accident.As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, the length of preposition chimney arch 2-2 is equal with the length of chimney arch, and preposition chimney arch 2-2 length is 1/2 of right bank fire grate 2-1 length, and end is inclined upwardly certain angle, and the setting of angle is for making flue gas to heating surface end parts.Fuel falls into fluid bed at fire grate end, fluidized-bed bottom has for air port, burning for biomass fuel while playing the effect of fluidization fuel particle provides required oxygen, uniform distribution is carried out by blast cap 3-2 for the air in air port, fuel mixes with bed matter quartz sand in fluid bed, within this stage, complete the burning of fixed carbon, until fuel combustion terminates, lime-ash is discharged from the slag-drip opening bottom fluid bed right-hand member.The heat smoke generated that burns on fire grate and in fluid bed 3-1 all flows toward exhanst gas outlet 4-2 direction, utilizes this heat smoke to heated heating surface 4-1, making heat smoke give heating surface 4-1 when getting rid of burner hearth heat transmission, heat energy being obtained and utilizes fully.
As shown in Figure 3, when boiler startup, detect and whether start for air port 2-3, if do not start, close isolating door, shutdown of boiler, start for air port and then isolating door is risen.Now biomass fuel falls into fire grate from feed hopper, and after fuel temperature raises, first moisture overflow, and after this fugitive constituent is overflowed and burnt, and the chemical energy in fugitive constituent is heat energy.Biomass fuel enters fluidized bed combustion district afterwards, and now fixed carbon burns and discharges heat energy, and the chemical energy in fixed carbon is heat energy, and residual ash content will be arranged 3-3 by residual cake valve and go out.When boiler needs out of service, first stop fuel supply, close for air port, isolating door falls closedown, and stop the supply of biomass fuel, boiler is out of service.
Above-described embodiment is the present invention's preferably embodiment; but embodiments of the present invention are not restricted to the described embodiments; change, the modification done under other any does not deviate from Spirit Essence of the present invention and principle, substitute, combine, simplify; all should be the substitute mode of equivalence, be included within protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. a biomass boiler, is characterized in that, comprising: feed zone, fire grate combustion zone, fluidized bed combustion district and heat affected zone; Feed zone comprises feed hopper (1-1) and isolating door (1-2), fire grate combustion zone comprises fire grate (2-1), preposition chimney arch (2-2) and supplies air port (2-3), fluidized bed combustion district comprises fluid bed (3-1), blast cap (3-2) and residual cake valve (3-3), and described heat affected zone comprises heating surface (4-1) and exhanst gas outlet (4-2); When described feed zone runs, described isolating door rises, and biomass fuel falls into fire grate from feed hopper and travels forward; When boiler stops air feed, isolating door declines, and blocks biomass fuel and advances with fire grate;
The top of described fire grate front end is provided with feed hopper (1-1), kept apart by furnace wall between described feed hopper (1-1) and burner hearth, isolating door (1-2) is provided with between described feed hopper and furnace wall, the top of described fire grate first half section is provided with preposition chimney arch (2-2), be provided with for air port (2-3) from the bottom in fire grate stage casing, fluid bed (3-1) is provided with below described fire grate end, the bottom of described fluid bed is provided with blast cap (3-2), the metope of described fluid bed end is provided with residual cake valve (3-3); The top of described fire grate and fluid bed is provided with heating surface (4-1), and the gap between described heating surface and burner hearth metope is exhanst gas outlet (4-2).
2. biomass boiler according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the length of described preposition chimney arch is 1/2 of fire grate, and described preposition chimney arch is inclined upwardly; Described exhanst gas outlet is arranged at the front portion of biomass boiler.
3. biomass boiler according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the end of described fire grate is provided with fluid bed, and described biomass fuel burns in fire grate, after the fugitive constituent of described biomass fuel burns, fall into fluid bed combustion again.
4. biomass boiler according to claim 1, is characterized in that, length setting required when the length of described fire grate burns according to the fugitive constituent of biomass fuel.
5. biomass boiler according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described fire grate is chain furnace, and by the upper direction of the lower direction fluid bed of feed hopper, described fire grate is built a wall with refractory brick and is connected, and described refractory brick is built a wall and is arranged at the below of fire grate.
6. biomass boiler according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, blast in described blast cap is greater than for the blast in air port, and the mean allocation through blast cap after described fluidized-bed bottom air-supply enters fluid bed, and the air bottom described fire grate is by sending into from the bottom up for air port.
7. be applied to the method utilizing heat energy of biomass boiler described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
Step 1, when boiler startup, detect and whether start for air port, when starting for air port, isolating door being risen, and performs step 2; Otherwise, close isolating door, perform step 5;
Step 2, biomass fuel fall into fire grate from feed hopper, and after fuel temperature raises, first moisture overflow, and after this fugitive constituent is overflowed and burnt, and the chemical energy in fugitive constituent is heat energy;
Step 3, biomass fuel enter fluidized bed combustion district, and now fixed carbon burns and discharges heat energy, and the chemical energy in fixed carbon is heat energy, and residual ash content will be discharged by residual cake valve, perform step 4 when boiler needs out of service;
The supply of step 4, stopping biomass fuel, closes for air port, and performs step 1;
Step 5, boiler are out of service.
CN201510017000.7A 2015-01-13 2015-01-13 Biomass boiler and method for using heat energy by biomass boiler Pending CN104676584A (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112815299A (en) * 2021-01-07 2021-05-18 西安热工研究院有限公司 Solid biomass combustion device and method
CN114321867A (en) * 2022-01-05 2022-04-12 湖北和泰生物能源有限公司 Biomass steam combustion boiler with heat conduction structure

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN202074511U (en) * 2011-04-21 2011-12-14 黄石市汇波防腐技术有限公司 Furnace capable of burning wet and low-calorie fuels
CN202546777U (en) * 2012-01-15 2012-11-21 无锡东马锅炉有限公司 Biomass combustion furnace
CN103468321A (en) * 2013-09-23 2013-12-25 浙江大学 Composite type solid-waste gasifying device
CN104266220A (en) * 2014-09-17 2015-01-07 广州特种承压设备检测研究院 Anti-flashover isolating device and anti-flashover isolating method of biomass layer-burning boiler

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN202074511U (en) * 2011-04-21 2011-12-14 黄石市汇波防腐技术有限公司 Furnace capable of burning wet and low-calorie fuels
CN202546777U (en) * 2012-01-15 2012-11-21 无锡东马锅炉有限公司 Biomass combustion furnace
CN103468321A (en) * 2013-09-23 2013-12-25 浙江大学 Composite type solid-waste gasifying device
CN104266220A (en) * 2014-09-17 2015-01-07 广州特种承压设备检测研究院 Anti-flashover isolating device and anti-flashover isolating method of biomass layer-burning boiler

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112815299A (en) * 2021-01-07 2021-05-18 西安热工研究院有限公司 Solid biomass combustion device and method
CN114321867A (en) * 2022-01-05 2022-04-12 湖北和泰生物能源有限公司 Biomass steam combustion boiler with heat conduction structure

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Application publication date: 20150603