CN104656335B - 聚合物稳定的电抑制螺旋铁电液晶盒 - Google Patents
聚合物稳定的电抑制螺旋铁电液晶盒 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种具有聚合物稳定的电抑制螺旋铁电液晶(ESHFLC)盒。该液晶盒具有的液晶(LC)材料是包括单体、光引发剂和铁电液晶(FLC)的混合物,其中在特定温度下建立了聚合物网络以实现了ESHFLC电光模式的约束。得到的混合物的特征是螺旋节距小于或可比于该液晶盒的FLC层的厚度,并且提供在UV区中的选择性反射。在FLC混合物中的该单体浓度也对于相图,散射和倾斜角进行了优化。得到的混合物,即聚合物稳定的ESHFLC盒,符合ESHFLC电光模式的所有要求,并显示出与通常的ESHFLC盒相似的电光特性。
Description
交叉引用相关申请
本申请要求2013年11月18日提交的序列号61/962,854的美国临时申请的权益,该临时申请公开的全部内容通过引用并入本申请中。
技术领域
本发明总体上涉及液晶(LC)显示器。更具体地说,本发明涉及基于与向列型LC具有相同级别的配向质量的快速响应的铁电液晶(FLC)盒的场序彩色(FSC)显示器,快速响应的铁电液晶盒包括单体,光引发剂和FLC,其中复合物的螺旋节距小于LC层的厚度。
背景技术
以下列出的参考文献在本说明书中有时引用。这些参考文件中的每一者所公开的内容通过全部引用而并入本申请中。
参考文献列表
[1]LEE,J.-H.,LIM,T.-K.,KWON,Y.-W.,和JIN,J.-I.(2005),“聚合物稳定的铁电液晶中的记忆效应,以及记忆效应对组成分子的形态的相依性(Memory effects inpolymer stabilized ferroelectric liquid crystals,and their dependence on themorphology of the constituent molecules)”,应用物理学杂志(Journal of AppliedPhysics),第97卷,第8期,第84907页,2005年4月。
[2]ARCHER,P.和DIERKING,I.(2009),“聚合物稳定的铁电液晶在光聚合之前,之中和之后的电光特性(Electro-optic properties of polymer stabilizedferroelectric liquid crystals before,during and after photo-polymerization)”,光学杂志A辑:理论光学和应用光学(Journal of Optics A:Pure and Applied Optics),第11卷,第2期(no.2),第024022页,2009年1月15日。
[3]GUYMON,C.A.等(1998),“聚合物稳定的铁电液晶的聚合条件和电光特性(Polymerization Conditions and Electrooptic Properties of Polymer-StabilizedFerroelectric Liquid Crystals)”,材料化学(Chem.Mater.),第10卷,第9期,第2378–2388页,1998年8月13日。
[4]FURUE,H.,YOKOYAMA,H.,和KOBAYASHI,S.(2001),“新开发的聚合物稳定的铁电液晶:微尺寸双稳域及单稳V型开关(Newly Developed Polymer-StabilizedFerroelectric Liquid Crystals:Microsized Bistable Domains and Monostable V-Shaped Switching)”,日本应用物理学杂志,第40卷,第1分册,第9B期,第5790页,2001年9月。
[5]ARCHER,P.,DIERKING,I.,和OSIPOV M.(2008),“聚合物稳定的铁电液晶的朗道模型:试验和理论(Landau model for polymer-stabilized ferroelectric liquidcrystals:experiment and theory)”,物理学评论E辑(Phys.Rev.E),第78卷,第051703页,2008年11月18日。
以下列出的专利和专利申请在本说明书中有时引用。
引用的专利和专利申请列表
[6]FUJISAWA,T.,TAKEUCHI,K.,HATSUSAKA,K.,NISHIYAMA,I.,和KOBAYASHI,S.(2010),“聚合物稳定的液晶合成物,液晶显示器件,液晶显示器件的制造方法(POLYMER-STABILIZED LIQUID CRYSTAL COMPOSITION,LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY DEVICE,METHODFOR PRODUCING LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY DEVICE)”,US2010149446(A1),2010年6月17日。
[7]ZHAO,Y.,和PAIEMENT,N.(2002),“使用含偶氮苯的二丙烯酸酯单体的光配向且网络稳定的铁电液晶(OPTICALLY ALIGNED AND NETWORK-STABILIZED FERROELECTRICLIQUID CRYSTALS USING AZOBENZENE-CONTAINING DIACRYLATE MONOMERS)”,CA2330894(A1),2002-07-12。
[8]KUMAR,S.(1995),“聚合物分散的铁电近晶型液晶(Polymer dispersedferroelectric smectic liquid crystal)”,EP0665279(A1),1995年8月2日。
[9]MOCHIZUKI,A.(2007),“液晶显示器件(LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY DEVICE)”,WO2007001088(A1),2007年1月4日。
[10]THOMAS,E.L.,和OBER,C.K.(2000),“微相稳定的铁电液晶(MICROPHASESTABILIZED FERROELECTRIC LIQUID CRYSTALS)”,EP1042428(A2),2000年10月11日。
[11]KORNFIELD,J.A.,和KEMPE,M.D.(2001),“用于控制液晶的配向和稳定性的聚合物(POLYMERS FOR CONTROL OF ORIENTATION AND STABILITY OF LIQUID CRYSTALS)”,WO/2001/077255(A2),2001年10月18日。
[12]KORNFIELD,J.A.,WAND,M.,和KURJI,Z.(2010)“铁电液晶(FLC)聚合物(FERROELECTRIC LIQUID CRYSTAL(FLC)POLYMERS)”,WO/2010/088333(A2),2010年8月5日。
具有快速响应、高分辨率和高对比度的LC盒的最重要的应用还可以包括快速响应的光电装置,例如调制器、滤波器、衰减器,以及高分辨率显示器,例如微型投影仪、3D显示器、微显示器以及高清晰度电视(HDTV),等等。
本发明涉及电抑制螺旋铁电液晶(ESHFLC)。在这些应用中,需要具有满足ESHFLC材料的约束的合适的材料参数的FLC材料。要找到或合成其所有材料参数都与需求完全匹配的FLC材料是很困难的。然而,对微调参数的某种稳定是一种为ESHFLC***寻求合适的材料参数的方法。在纯FLC中通过聚合物网络进行稳定是最简单的一种方法,在研究中吸引了本发明人的注意力,由此产生了本发明。
在本发明中,公开了一种聚合物稳定的ESHFLC盒。所公开的盒包括复合FLC,复合FLC由对形成聚合物网络的单体、光引发剂和纯铁电液晶进行混合的混合物形成。更具体地,在一定温度建立聚合物网络以取得ESHFLC电光模式的约束。本发明与[1]-[12]中提及的FLC盒或FLC材料的区别在于,本发明公开的ESHFLC盒的复合FLC具有其节距小于或可比于盒的FLC层厚度的螺旋,而且提供对紫外(UV)区域的选择性反射。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种聚合物稳定的ESHFLC盒,包括由对单体、光引发剂和纯FLC进行混合的混合物形成的复合FLC。单体进行聚合以形成盒中的聚合物网络。聚合物网络稳定了纯FLC,使得复合FLC具有这样的螺旋:螺旋的节距小于或可比于盒的FLC层厚度,而且提供对UV区域的选择性反射。通过这样的布置,螺旋的弹性能与盒的配向衬底的瞄定能相当。
优选地,通过在纯FLC中混合单体来制备盒,最优浓度为在纯FLC中的单体浓度小于10%。
单体可通过热亚胺化或光聚合而聚合。一种选择是,在提供接近22.5°的可接受倾斜角的最优温度、在加热经混合的混合物之后对单体进行聚合。另一种选择是,在提供可比于或小于FLC层厚度的螺旋节距的最优温度、在加热经混合的混合物之后对单体进行聚合。又有另一种选择是,在电场小于0.5V/μm时使得螺旋节距松弛的最优温度、在加热经混合的混合物之后对单体进行聚合。
可选择地,优化纯FLC中的单体的浓度使得对纯FLC的相图影响可忽略,因而提供了铁电相的宽温度范围。
在一种可选的布置中,单体和形成盒的配向层的材料的吸收波长的差至少为材料的吸收峰的带宽。
在另一种可选的布置中,盒还包括两个透明电流传导层,两个透明电流传导层中的每一个覆盖有配向层,其中,复合FLC形成为两个透明电流传导层之间的夹心层,并且盒位于提供电光调制的两个偏光器之间。
又在另一种可选的布置中,盒提供达1kHz的光饱和电光调制,其中,对比度大于10000:1,且响应时间小于30μs。
本发明的其他方面由下文描述实施方式公开。
附图的简要说明
图1描述了根据本发明第一实施方式的ESHFLC盒的示意图。
图2描述了垂直配向的纯的和混合有单体的FLC混合物的吸收谱。
图3示出了纯FLC和单体FLC混合物的倾斜角对温度的相依性。
图4示出了在亮状态和暗状态时单体FLC混合物的透过率与施加的电场的关系。
图5是纯的和水平配向FLC的单体FLC的施加电压与响应时间的关系图,其中Ec表示使螺旋松弛的临界电压。
具体实施方式
如以上提到的,在纯的FLC中通过聚合物网络进行稳定是最简单的方法之一。因此,为了达成本发明的目的,选择使用聚合物网络来进行稳定。
对于由纯的FLC和聚合物网络组成的这样的复合物,首先引起注意的是相变图和散射。为了避免散射,很重要的是聚合物和FLC的混合物的指数要匹配得很好。过去对掺杂***的相序已经研究过很多次。已经揭示了相图可以发生改变且其对纯的材料中客体的浓度有强烈的依赖性。根据这些限制,通过选择Merck的RMM257单体作为客体,以及DianipponInk and Chemical Ltd.的纯FLC FD4004N作为主体,本发明人进行了研究,得到了本发明。
如所预期的,转变温度,尤其是铁电到顺电的相变温度,随着纯FLC基质中单体的加入而降低,并且已经观察到对于较高的浓度散射也非常大。然而,对于小于5%wt/wt变化的浓度,转变温度和散射非常小并且在可接受的范围内。因而,在本发明中,发明人在纯FLC基质中混合单体的浓度在可接受的限度内。另外,纯FLC的参数是温度相依的,因此已经进行了对由RMM257和FLC构成的不同混合物的电光特性作为温度的函数的研究,以找到对于ESHFLC电光模式具有最合适的材料参数的温度。在确定纯FLC中单体的合适浓度和对ESHFLC模式具有合适的材料参数的温度之后,加热混合物至该温度,并且在这之后通过UV光曝光来稳定单体。因此,具有由聚合物网络处理过的FLC材料提供了对于ESHFLC电光模式的所有合适参数,因而成为基于ESHFLC的场序彩色显示的潜在候选材料。
最近,已经揭示,具有可比于或小于FLC层厚度的螺旋节距、并具有螺旋固性的弹性能大于配向层的归一化的锚定能的必要条件的FLC,呈现ESHFLC电光模式。ESHFLC电光模式的特征在于高对比度(相比于向列型LC),快速响应时间(比向列型LC少至少一个量级),以及低驱动电压。然而,简单的FLC不能满足ESHFLC的这些约束。那么,需要微调FLC参数的稳定。这种稳定可以通过在纯FLC材料中引入聚合物网络实现。
本发明公开了一种FLC盒,其中FLC材料由单体、光引发剂和纯FLC组成,其中在特定温度建立了聚合物网络以实现ESHFLC电光模式所需的约束。
图1描述了根据本发明第一实施方式的ESHFLC盒的示意图。聚合物稳定的ESHFLC盒100包括由单体、光引发剂和纯FLC105混合的混合物形成的复合FLC108。对单体进行聚合以在聚合物稳定的ESHFLC盒100中形成聚合物网络104。盒100的FLC参数通过稳定聚合物网络104获得稳定,其中,稳定聚合物网络104,通过,例如UV曝光,在纯FLC 105中的具体条件下,具体条件包括环境温度和存在电场。有利地,纯FLC通过聚合物网络获得稳定以使得复合FLC108具有的螺旋的节距p110小于或可比于盒100的FLC层的厚度d120,同时提供在UV区域中的选择性反射,由此螺旋的弹性能可比于盒100的配向衬底的锚定能。
优选的,通过在纯PLC 105中混合单体来制备盒100,最优浓度为在纯FLC 105中具有小于10%的单体。在一种选择中,优化纯FLC中的单体的浓度使该浓度对纯FLC的相图的影响可忽略,因而提供了铁电相的宽温度范围。
在聚合物稳定的ESHFLC盒100中,复合FLC 108设置在第一板107A和第二板107B之间。通常,第一板107A包括第一透明衬底101A,第一铟锡氧化物(ITO)层102A和第一配向层103A。类似地,第二板107B通常包括第二透明衬底101B,第二ITO层102和第二配向层103B。复合FLC 108夹在第一透明衬底101A和第二透明衬底101B之间。注意,第一ITO层102A和第二ITO层102B是电流传导层。通常,电流传导层中的每一个还与一个偏光器耦合使得盒100设置于两个偏光器之间以提供电光调制。
在一种选择中,盒100的单体和形成配向层(即,第一配向层103A或第二配向层103B)的材料的吸收波长的差至少为配向层材料的吸收峰的带宽。
单体可通过热亚胺化或光聚合而进行聚合。
在本发明的第二实施方式中,公开了在一定温度下进行了聚合物网络104的稳定,该温度下复合FLC108中的单体和混合的混合物的螺旋节距p110都小于FLC层厚度d120,以使在UV范围内发生选择性反射。图2描述了垂直配向的纯的和混合有单体的FLC混合物的吸收谱。显示出对于复合FLC 108,用于指示选择性反射波长的吸收峰发生蓝移。因此,聚合物稳定的ESHFLC盒100的选择性反射向UV区移动。在一种选择中,在提供螺旋节距p可比于或小于FLC层厚度d 120的最优温度对混合的混合物加热之后,对单体进行聚合以实现稳定。
在本发明的第三实施方式中,公开了聚合物稳定的ESHFLC盒100的倾斜角基本接近于纯FLC的倾斜角,如图3中所示,同时所公开的盒100和纯FLC显示出基本相同的温度相依特性。因此,以亮度而言,光学特性不受聚合物稳定的影响。如图4中显示的,图4描绘了透过率与施加的电压的关系,并且显示了具有纯FLC***的LC盒和具有不同浓度的单体的聚合物稳定的ESHFLC盒获得了基本相似的亮度水平。在一种选择中,在提供接近22.5°的可接受倾斜角的最优温度加热混合的混合物之后对单体进行聚合以实现稳定。
在本发明的第四实施方式中,公开了对于聚合物稳定的ESHFLC盒100,螺旋松弛的临界电场向较低的电压范围移动。图5是示出了响应时间与施加电压的关系的图。其示出了当存在聚合物稳定时,峰(其代表螺旋松弛的临界电场Ec)向较低的电压移动。因此,螺旋的弹性能减小并且因而得到的复合FLC 108的材料参数在ESHFLC模式的约束内。在一种选择中,在当电场小于0.5V/μm时使螺旋节距p 110松弛的最优温度加热混合的混合物之后对单体进行聚合以实现稳定。
在本发明的第五实施例中,公开了根据ESHFLC约束(即,FLC层厚度d 120大于FLC螺旋节距p110,并且配向层的归一化的锚定能可比于或固性小于FLC螺旋的弹性能)设计得到的具有盒100的聚合物稳定的ESHFLC具有的响应时间小于30μs,因而即使施加的频率达1kHz也支持光饱和的亮和暗状态。另外,由盒100提供的对比度大于10000:1。
在不背离本发明的精神和实质内容的情况下,本发明可以以其他具体形式实施。因而在所有方面上述的实施例仅仅是示意性的而不是限制性的。本发明的范围由附加的权利要求而不是前文的描述来表示,并且权利要求的等效含义和范围内的所有变化都因此应当包含在内。
Claims (11)
1.一种聚合物稳定的电抑制螺旋铁电液晶盒,包括复合铁电液晶,复合铁电液晶由单体、光引发剂和纯铁电液晶混合的混合物形成,单体被聚合以在盒中形成聚合物网络,其中:
纯铁电液晶通过聚合物网络而得以稳定,以使复合铁电液晶具有的螺旋的节距小于盒的铁电液晶层的厚度,并且复合铁电液晶提供在紫外光(UV)区中的选择性反射,由此螺旋的弹性能大于盒的配向衬底的锚定能。
2.根据权利要求1所述的盒,其中通过在纯铁电液晶中混合单体来制备盒,单体在纯铁电液晶中的最优浓度小于10%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的盒,其中在提供22.5°的可接受倾斜角的最优温度加热混合的混合物之后,单体被聚合。
4.根据权利要求1所述的盒,其中在提供小于铁电液晶层厚度的螺旋节距的最优温度加热混合的混合物之后,单体被聚合。
5.根据权利要求1所述的盒,其中在当电场小于0.5V/μm时使螺旋节距松弛的最优温度加热混合的混合物之后,单体被聚合。
6.根据权利要求1所述的盒,其中单体在纯铁电液晶中的浓度优化为对纯铁电液晶的相图的影响可忽略,从而提供了铁电相的宽温度范围。
7.根据权利要求1所述的盒,其中单体通过热亚胺化而被聚合。
8.根据权利要求1所述的盒,其中单体通过光聚合而被聚合。
9.根据权利要求1所述的盒,其中单体和形成盒的配向层的材料的吸收波长的差至少为材料的吸收峰的带宽。
10.根据权利要求1所述的盒,进一步包括:
两个透明电流传导层,两个透明电流传导层中的每一个都覆盖有配向层;
其中:
复合铁电液晶夹在两个透明电流传导层之间;以及
盒设置在两个偏光器之间以提供电光调制。
11.根据权利要求1所述的盒,其中所述盒提供高达1kHz的光饱和电光调制,其中,对比度大于10000:1,并且响应时间小于30μs。
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