CN104655060B - Surface detection of steel ball device - Google Patents

Surface detection of steel ball device Download PDF

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CN104655060B
CN104655060B CN201510114023.XA CN201510114023A CN104655060B CN 104655060 B CN104655060 B CN 104655060B CN 201510114023 A CN201510114023 A CN 201510114023A CN 104655060 B CN104655060 B CN 104655060B
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steel ball
rotating disk
dispersion image
discrete scattering
unit
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CN104655060A (en
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杨海马
王光斌
马贤淑
黄凯
毕继耀
刘瑾
宋佳
陈鑫元
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University of Shanghai for Science and Technology
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University of Shanghai for Science and Technology
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Abstract

Steel ball surface defect detection apparatus involved in the present invention, because steel ball surface forms scattering light after being irradiated with a laser, scattering light forms dispersion image on thin curtain, because the dispersion image that the smooth steel ball in surface is formed on thin curtain is than more uniform, and shaggy steel ball, the dispersion image then formed on thin curtain is uneven, if steel ball surface has draw runner, scratch, pit, pit, the dispersion image then formed on thin curtain has speck, if steel ball surface has spot and iron rust, the dispersion image then formed on thin curtain has blackening, these specks and blackening are referred to as discrete scattering hot spot.After camera collection dispersion image, computing unit obtains the area of discrete scattering hot spot according to the gray value of speckle image based on certain rule, whether judging unit according to the area of discrete scattering hot spot based on certain rule judgment goes out steel ball qualified, therefore, reach and steel ball surface has been detected automatically, and the purpose that accuracy of detection is high, efficiency high and automation are high.

Description

Surface detection of steel ball device
Technical field
The invention belongs to mechanical field, and in particular to a kind of surface detection of steel ball device.
Background technology
Steel bearing balls are a kind of smooth mechanical fittings in mirror-reflection state in surface, the rolling as each class bearing Body, its defect level directly affect bearing accuracy, dynamic property and service life.The bearing examination that bearing net and enterprises are tested oneself Test and show:The surface quality of steel ball account for influence bearing whole factor 60%, and external best brand of product because of steel ball surface defect and The ratio of failure but accounts for 23.3%.Steel ball surface quality is as an important indicator for weighing bearing quality, it is necessary to which it is carried out Strict detection.
Developed countries maintain the leading position in terms of piano plate technology and detecting instrument, the U.S., Czech, Sweden, The states such as Japan all carried out the development and exploitation of coherent detection instrument, had there is the photoelectricity automatic detection that automaticity is higher The AVIKO series steel ball surface automatic testers of instrument, wherein practical effect preferably Czech SOMET companies, AVIKO Serial steel ball surface automatic tester mainly utilizes photoelectricity, and vibration and current vortex sensor are detected, wherein photodetection There are the steel ball of point defect, the uneven steel ball of finish and dirty steel ball for rejecting surface.Detected and used using vibrating sensor There is the steel ball of open defect to reject surface, as there is the steel ball of group's point and cut on surface.Whole apparatus structure is compact, operation side Just, detection efficiency is high, but it belongs to contact measurement, there is certain damage, and expensive, inspection to steel ball surface quality It is high to survey cost, core technology is blocked, not easy care.
Technology for steel ball surface defect detection has:Eddy current testing method, photoelectric detection method, ultrasonic testing, sound hair Penetrate method, earth's magnetic field detection method and artificial detection method.Wherein eddy current testing method carries out the detection of defect using electromagnetic induction principle. Steel ball is under action of alternating magnetic field, and because electromagnetic induction will produce vortex flow, the surface defect of steel ball influences the size of vortex flow And distribution, the change of vortex flow can be received according to sensor to judge that defect whether there is, this method is to crackle, burn and pin The steel ball processings such as hole and fault in material have higher sorting capability, and poor to Surface Defect Recognition, testing cost is high, typically It is only used for the high-accuracy steel ball sampling observation of aviation, it is impossible to which whole detections are carried out to the steel ball produced;Photoelectric detection method is to pass through photograph The change of luminous intensity in photo resistance judges whether steel ball is defective, when being detected with this method, it is necessary to assure steel Ball whole surface can be shone by luminous point, and steel ball is when high speed expansion rotates, and the centre of sphere, which has, up-down vibration and to be moved horizontally, and is caused The defects of sphere has drain sweep phenomenon, and accuracy in detection is not high, and defect size is required, and detection range is small, and ball is in addition By the frictional rotation that self gravitation is pressure, so detection efficiency is low;Other method is mostly in the experimental stage, does not open so far Send the steel ball surface defect automatic tester with independent intellectual property right.Therefore, surface matter of the domestic steel ball producer to steel ball Amount detection or artificial sampling observation, detection method is also traditional lamp inspection, i.e., promotes steel ball in small dustpan with push pedal under light Checked.This desk checking method undoubtedly needs a large amount of manpowers, and production efficiency is low, and detects quality and be difficult to ensure that, So as to reduce the reliability of steel ball.
The content of the invention
The present invention be carried out to solve above-mentioned problem, and it is an object of the present invention to provide a kind of Surface Defect Recognition ability compared with Steel ball surface defect detection apparatus good, accuracy of detection is high, automaticity is high.
Steel ball surface defect detection apparatus provided by the invention, it is characterised in that including:Drive division, comprising:For placing First rotating disk of steel ball, drive the first driver element that the first rotating disk rotates and for driving steel ball corresponding with the first rotating disk The rotating unit of one way or another rotation;Test section, comprising:For sending the laser of laser towards steel ball, receiving laser quilt The scattering light of steel ball scattering and form the thin curtain of dispersion image and be arranged on thin curtain top for gathering the photograph of dispersion image Camera;Processing unit, comprising:The calculating of discrete scattering facula area is obtained based on certain rule according to the gray value of dispersion image Unit and according to it is discrete scattering facula area based on the whether qualified judging unit of certain rule judgment steel ball surface;And Control unit, for controlling drive division and test section.
The surface detection of steel ball device of the present invention can also have the feature that:Wherein, the first rotating disk shape in a ring, etc. Spacing sets at least two to hold hole, holds hole and is used to place steel ball.
The surface detection of steel ball device of the present invention can also have the feature that:Also include sorting portion, it is single according to judging The different judged result of member separates steel ball, including:It will determine that unit judges release the first of the first rotating disk for qualified steel ball Sorting rod, the first collector unit for collecting qualified steel ball, it will determine that unit judges release first for underproof steel ball Second sorting rod of rotating disk, the second collector unit for collecting underproof steel ball and for driving the first sorting rod and the The sorting driver element of two sorting rods, control unit control sorting driver element.
The surface detection of steel ball device of the present invention can also have the feature that:Also include shell, driven for supporting Portion and test section, shell include cylindrical injection port, for the first rotating disk transporting steel balls, injection port to shell inner recess and It is corresponding with the axis for holding hole.
The surface detection of steel ball device of the present invention can also have the feature that:Wherein, rotating unit includes:Second turn Disk, driving the second rotating disk rotate the first motor, the 3rd rotating disk and be arranged on the second rotating disk drive the 3rd rotating disk rotate Second motor, the second rotating disk, which rotates, drives the second motor and the 3rd rotating disk unitary rotation, the unitary rotation of the 3rd rotating disk and itself Rotate the steel ball one way or another rotation for driving and being in contact with the 3rd rotating disk.
The surface detection of steel ball device of the present invention can also have the feature that:Wherein, camera is area array CCD phase Machine.
The effect of invention and effect
According to steel ball surface defect detection apparatus involved in the present invention, dissipated because steel ball surface is formed after being irradiated with a laser Penetrate light, scattering light forms dispersion image on thin curtain, because the dispersion image that the smooth steel ball in surface is formed on thin curtain compares Uniformly, shaggy steel ball, then the dispersion image formed on thin curtain is uneven, if steel ball surface have draw runner, scratch, Pit, pit, then the dispersion image formed on thin curtain has speck, if steel ball surface has spot and iron rust, in Bao Mushang The dispersion image of formation has blackening, and these specks and blackening are referred to as discrete scattering hot spot.After camera collection dispersion image, calculate Unit obtains the area of discrete scattering hot spot according to the gray value of speckle image based on certain rule, and judging unit is according to discrete Whether scattering the area of hot spot, based on certain rule judgment to go out steel ball qualified, therefore, has reached and steel ball surface is examined automatically Survey, and the purpose that accuracy of detection is high, efficiency high and automation are high.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the front view of steel ball surface defect detection apparatus in embodiments of the invention;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of steel ball surface defect detection apparatus processing procedure in embodiments of the invention;And
Fig. 3 is the partial enlarged drawing of steel ball surface defect detection apparatus in embodiments of the invention.
Case is embodied
In order that the technical means, the inventive features, the objects and the advantages of the present invention are easy to understand, it is real below Example combination accompanying drawing is applied to be specifically addressed the surface detection of steel ball device of the present invention.
Fig. 1 is the front view of surface detection of steel ball device in embodiments of the invention.
As shown in figure 1, steel ball surface defect detection apparatus 100 be used for detect steel ball surface roughness and by qualified steel ball with The steel ball for having surface defect separates, and steel ball surface defect detection apparatus 100 includes:Drive division, test section, processing unit are (in figure not Display), control unit (not shown), sorting portion and supporting part 140.Control unit is used to control drive division, test section and sorting Portion.
Drive division includes:For placing the first rotating disk 111 of steel ball, for driving and 111 corresponding steel ball of the first rotating disk The rotating unit 112 of one way or another rotation and the first driver element 113 for driving the first rotating disk 111 to rotate.
Wherein, the first rotating disk 111 is annular, and spaced set 16 holds hole on ring surface.
First driver element 112 includes:3rd motor 112a and the 4th rotating disk 112b, control unit control the 3rd motor 112a Operation, so as to drive the 4th rotating disk 112b to rotate, the 4th rotating disk 112b engages with the outward flange gear of the first rotating disk 111, and the 4th Rotating disk 112b, which is rotated, can drive the first rotating disk 111 to rotate clockwise.
Rotating unit 113 includes:Second rotating disk 113a, drive the second rotating disk 113a own rotations the first motor 113b, 3rd rotating disk 113c and be arranged on the second rotating disk 113a be used for drive the 3rd rotating disk 113c rotate the second motor 113d.The Two rotating disk 113a, which are rotated, drives the second motor 113d and the 3rd rotating disk 113c unitary rotations.
3rd rotating disk 113c is arranged on the lower section of the first rotating disk 111 and intersected with the first rotating disk 111, is placed on the 3rd rotating disk The steel ball for the part that 113c intersects with the first rotating disk 111 can contact with the 3rd rotating disk 113c, and the 3rd rotating disk 113c entirety turns Dynamic and own rotation can drive the steel ball one way or another contacted with the 3rd rotating disk 113c to rotate.Control unit controls the first motor 113b and the second motor 113d operations, so as to drive the 3rd rotating disk 113c unitary rotation and own rotation and then drive and the 3rd The steel ball one way or another rotation of rotating disk 113c contacts.
Control unit controls the first motor 113b, the second motor 112a, the 3rd motor 112a operation.
Test section includes:For the scattering light for the laser 121 of laser being sent towards steel ball, reception laser is scattered by steel ball And form the thin curtain 122 of dispersion image and be arranged on the area array CCD camera that the thin top of curtain 122 is used to gather dispersion image 123.Wherein, the pass of laser 121 and area array CCD camera 123 and closing controls by control unit.
Wherein, laser 121 is used to send laser, from the point of view of the direction in Fig. 1, is arranged on the center of the first rotating disk 111 The right, and laser can be irradiated on steel ball corresponding with the right at the center of the first rotating disk 111.
Thin curtain 122 is arranged on the first top for walking around disk 111, and laser can all be shone by the scattering light that steel ball scatters It is mapped on thin curtain 122, dispersion image is formed on thin curtain 122.
Area array CCD camera 123 gathers the dispersion image formed on thin curtain 122, and sends dispersion image to processing unit.
Because the dispersion image that the smooth steel ball in surface is formed on thin curtain 122 is than more uniform, and shaggy steel ball, The dispersion image then formed on thin curtain 122 is uneven, if steel ball surface has draw runner, scratch, pit, pit, in screen The dispersion image formed on 122 has speck, if steel ball surface has spot and iron rust, the scatter diagram that is formed on screen 122 As there is blackening.Speck and blackening in dispersion image are commonly referred to herein as discrete scattering hot spot.
Processing unit includes:The meter of discrete scattering facula area is obtained based on certain rule according to the gray value of dispersion image Calculate unit and according to discrete scattering facula area based on the whether qualified judging unit of certain rule judgment steel ball surface.
In order to reduce the various noise jammings that raw scattered image is subject in acquisition and transmitting procedure, computing unit is first Need to pre-process dispersion image, then handled to obtain the threshold value of examination point with local auto-adaptive binaryzation method.
Local auto-adaptive binaryzation investigates the field of point by defining, and the gray value in comparison reference point and its field determines The current threshold value for investigating point, although the intensity profile that inhomogeneous illumination condition etc. influences general image does not influence local image Property so that local thresholding method is used widely.Because the light that dispersion image is steel ball surface scattering is formed, each part light According to uneven, it is necessary to carry out binaryzation using the method for Niblack local auto-adaptives.Niblack methods are according in dispersion image Local mean value and Local standard deviation obtain different threshold values.Pixel (x, y) threshold value is calculated as follows:
T (x, y)=m (x, y)+ks (x, y) (1)
Wherein, T (x, y) is threshold value, and m (x, y) is sample average, and s (x, y) is standard deviation, and k is parameter.In addition, for examining Examining the selection in a field needs to meet the generation that can preserve the local detail noise of and can suppression simultaneously.
Then Morphological scale-space is carried out, the scattering after binaryzation is caused due to rough inside various interference or defect The hole of very little one by one is had inside image, hole need to be filled using morphology to eliminate these interference.Processing procedure is:It is false If have selected width mark image f, the gray value of the image border part is 1-f (x, y), and the value of remainder is 0, then has:
Utilize the f of dispersion image in formula (2)m(x, y) fills hole, omits (x, y) here and represents, obtains formula (3) It is shown below:
When the border of discrete scattering hot spot is taken by camera, border can turn into interference in processing, therefore, using border Remove algorithm to extract discrete scattering hot spot in dispersion image, this interference is eliminated by eliminating border object.
By the use of former discrete scattering hot spot as template, and the discrete scattering hot spot f markedm(x, y) is defined as:
Remove algorithm computation of morphology reconstruct R first in borderf(fm) (only comprising the object with borderless contact), then calculate Difference:
X=1-Rf(fm) (5)
A width is obtained only comprising the not object with borderless contact in former discrete scattering hot spot.
It will be calculated by the discrete scattering hot spot after Morphological scale-space using LabVIEW visions with motion module function To discrete scattering facula area, then given threshold area, judging unit is according to discrete scattering facula area and predetermined threshold value Contrast differentiates that steel ball surface whether there is defect, is then determined as rough surface when discrete scattering facula area is more than threshold area Unqualified steel ball, and by unqualified steel ball for record 1;Then it is determined as table when discrete scattering facula area is less than threshold area The smooth qualified steel ball in face, and qualified steel ball is recorded as 0.
Using in LabVIEW " IMAQ Particle Analysis " functions calculate defect roundness factor and elongation factor with Judge shaggy type.
Fig. 2 is surface detection of steel ball device processing procedure schematic diagram in embodiments of the invention.
As shown in Fig. 2 test section detects to steel ball steel ball to be measured first, then computing unit extracts area array CCD phase The dispersion image that machine 114 gathers, and dispersion image is pre-processed, feature extraction, last root then are carried out to dispersion image Judgement is identified with threshold values area according to discrete scattering facula area.
Sorting portion separates steel ball according to the different judged result of judging unit, comprising:It is qualified for will determine that unit judges Steel ball release the first rotating disk 111 first sorting rod 131, the first collector unit 132 for collecting qualified steel ball, will sentence Disconnected unit judges be underproof steel ball release the first rotating disk the second sorting rod 133, for collect underproof steel ball the Two collector units 134 and the sorting driving list for driving the first sorting rod 131, the 4th rotating disk 135 and the second sorting rod 133 Member 136, control unit control sorting driver element 136.
Sorting driver element 136 includes:3rd motor 136a and the 5th rotating disk 136b.3rd motor 136a drives the 5th turn Disk 136b is rotated.
Fig. 3 is the partial enlarged drawing of surface detection of steel ball device in embodiments of the invention.
As shown in figure 3, the 5th rotating disk 135 is annular, it is fixed on supporting part 140, the annular distance of the first rotating disk 111 is arranged on On the outward flange of 5th rotating disk 135, and the first rotating disk 111 can rotate around the 5th rotating disk 135, the annular distance set of the 5th rotating disk 135 On the 3rd motor 136a.The first guide rail 135a and the second guide rail 135b, the first sorting rod are provided with the plane of 5th rotating disk 135 131 are arranged in the first guide rail 135a and can be moved along the first guide rail 135a, and the second sorting rod 133 is arranged on the second guide rail It can move in 135b and along the second guide rail 135b.
First sorting rod 131 and second sorts rod 133 and engaged respectively with the 6th rotating disk 136b gears, and the 4th motor 136a drives When dynamic 6th rotating disk 136b is rotated counterclockwise, the 6th rotating disk 136b drives the first sorting rod 131 to move and steel ball is released into first turn Disk 111, subsequently into the first collector unit 132;When the 6th rotating disk 136b of 4th motor 136a drivings is rotated clockwise, the 6th turn Disk 136b drives the second sorting rod 133 to move and steel ball is released into the first rotating disk 111, subsequently into the second collector unit 134.
After the first rotating disk 111 rotates through test section with steel ball, control unit is according to mark control of the judging unit to steel ball Separation unit processed sorts to steel ball.When steel ball be judged unit record for 0 when, control unit controls the 4th motor 136a to make the Six rotating disk 136b are rotated counterclockwise, so as to which steel ball is released into the first rotating disk 111, into the first collector unit 132, so as to qualified steel Ball is collected by the first collector unit 132;When steel ball be judged unit record for 1 when, control unit controls the 4th motor 136a to make the Six rotating disk 136b are rotated clockwise, so as to which steel ball is released into the first rotating disk 111, into the second collector unit 134, so as to unqualified Steel ball is collected by the second collector unit 134.
Supporting part 140, for supporting drive division and test section, comprising cylindrical injection port 141, cylindrical injection port 141 For to the transporting steel balls of the first rotating disk 111, injection port 141 holds hole to the inner recess of supporting part 140 and with the first rotating disk 111 Axis it is corresponding.
The steel ball held on hole for being contained in the first rotating disk 111 passes through the detection of test section, the calculating and judgement of processing unit After be sorted unit and release the first rotating disk 111, occur on the first rotating disk 111 it is vacant hold hole, with turning for the first rotating disk 111 It is dynamic, when it is vacant hold hole and turn to 141 corresponding position of injection port when, control unit controls other steel balls to be measured to pass through sample introduction Mouthfuls 141 fall into it is vacant hold hole, so as to constantly be detected to steel ball.
The effect of embodiment and effect
Steel ball surface defect detection apparatus according to involved by the present embodiment, because steel ball surface is formed after being irradiated with a laser Light is scattered, scattering light forms dispersion image on thin curtain, because the dispersion image ratio that the smooth steel ball in surface is formed on thin curtain It is more uniform, and shaggy steel ball, the then dispersion image formed on thin curtain are uneven, if steel ball surface has draw runner, wiped Trace, pit, pit, then the dispersion image formed on thin curtain has speck, if steel ball surface has spot and iron rust, in thin curtain The dispersion image of upper formation has blackening, and these specks and blackening are referred to as discrete scattering hot spot.After camera collection dispersion image, meter Calculate unit and the area of discrete scattering hot spot obtained based on certain rule according to the gray value of speckle image, judging unit according to from Whether the area of scattering hot spot to go out steel ball qualified if being based on certain rule judgment, therefore, has reached automatically to steel ball surface progress Detection, and the purpose that accuracy of detection is high, efficiency high and automation are high.
In the present embodiment, sorting portion will determine that the steel ball surface of unit judges is qualified and be separated with underproof steel ball, enter One step improves efficiency and and is more suitable for automation mechanized operation.
Above-mentioned embodiment is the preferred case of the present invention, is not intended to limit protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (4)

  1. A kind of 1. surface detection of steel ball device, for detecting steel ball surface roughness, it is characterised in that including:
    Drive division, comprising:For the first driver element placed the first rotating disk of the steel ball, drive first rotating disk to rotate And for driving the rotating unit of steel ball one way or another rotation corresponding with first rotating disk;
    Test section, comprising:For sending the laser of laser towards the steel ball, receiving what the laser was scattered by the steel ball Scatter light and form the thin curtain of dispersion image and be arranged on the photograph that the thin curtain top is used to gather the dispersion image Machine;
    Processing unit, comprising:Discrete scattering facula area is obtained based on certain rule one according to the gray value of the dispersion image Computing unit and according to it is described it is discrete scattering facula area judge whether steel ball surface qualified based on certain rule two Judging unit;
    Control unit, for controlling the drive division and the test section;And
    Sorting portion, the steel ball is separated according to the judging unit different judged result, including:The judging unit is sentenced Break and release the first sorting rod of first rotating disk for qualified steel ball, collect list for collecting the first of the qualified steel ball Member, the judging unit being judged as to, underproof steel ball releases the second sorting rod, described for collecting of first rotating disk Second collector unit of underproof steel ball and the sorting driving list for driving the first sorting rod and the second sorting rod Member, the control unit control the sorting driver element,
    Wherein, the camera is area array CCD camera,
    Described regular one includes:
    Step 1, in order to reduce the original dispersion image in the various noise jammings for obtaining with being subject in transmitting procedure, institute State computing unit to pre-process firstly the need of to the dispersion image, then handled and examined with local auto-adaptive binaryzation method The threshold value made an inventory of;
    Step 2, Morphological scale-space is carried out, caused due to rough inside various interference or defect described in after binaryzation The hole of very little one by one is had inside dispersion image, hole need to be filled using morphology to eliminate these interference;
    Step 3, when the border of the discrete scattering hot spot is taken by the camera, the border can turn into processing Interference, therefore, algorithm is removed using border the discrete scattering hot spot in the dispersion image is extracted, pass through elimination The border eliminates this interference;
    Step 4, LabVIEW visions and motion module letter will be utilized by the discrete scattering hot spot after Morphological scale-space The discrete scattering facula area is calculated in number,
    Described regular two are:After the area for setting the threshold value, the judging unit according to it is described it is discrete scattering facula area with The contrast of the area of the threshold value differentiates that steel ball surface whether there is defect, when the discrete scattering facula area is more than the threshold Then it is determined as shaggy unqualified steel ball during the area of value;When the discrete scattering facula area is less than the face of the threshold value Then it is determined as the smooth qualified steel ball in surface during product.
  2. 2. surface detection of steel ball device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
    Wherein, first rotating disk shape in a ring, spaced set at least two hold hole, it is described hold hole be used to placing it is described Steel ball.
  3. 3. surface detection of steel ball device according to claim 2, it is characterised in that also include:
    Supporting part, for supporting the drive division and the test section, comprising cylindrical injection port, for first rotating disk Convey the steel ball, the injection port is to the inner recess of the supporting part and corresponding with the axis for holding hole.
  4. 4. surface detection of steel ball device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
    Wherein, the rotating unit includes:The first motor that second rotating disk, driving second rotating disk rotate, the 3rd rotating disk with And the second motor for driving the 3rd rotating disk to rotate on second rotating disk is arranged on,
    Second rotating disk, which rotates, drives second motor and the 3rd rotating disk unitary rotation, the entirety of the 3rd rotating disk Rotate and own rotation drives the steel ball one way or another rotation being in contact with the 3rd rotating disk.
CN201510114023.XA 2015-03-16 2015-03-16 Surface detection of steel ball device Active CN104655060B (en)

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CN107214102A (en) * 2017-06-08 2017-09-29 杭州乔戈里科技有限公司 The detection means and its detecting system of a kind of ball bead
CN108940926A (en) * 2018-07-26 2018-12-07 福建工程学院 The detection method and system of high reflection face cylindrical component surface blemish
CN110211120B (en) * 2019-06-04 2021-11-02 北京航天宏图信息技术股份有限公司 Method and device for determining corrosion degree of cultural relic and electronic equipment
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