CN104646846A - Silver, copper, palladium and gold alloy brazing wire and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Silver, copper, palladium and gold alloy brazing wire and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN104646846A CN104646846A CN201310588698.9A CN201310588698A CN104646846A CN 104646846 A CN104646846 A CN 104646846A CN 201310588698 A CN201310588698 A CN 201310588698A CN 104646846 A CN104646846 A CN 104646846A
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- polarium
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- bearing copper
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
- B23K35/3006—Ag as the principal constituent
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/40—Making wire or rods for soldering or welding
Abstract
The invention relates to a silver, copper, palladium and gold alloy brazing wire and a preparation method thereof. A silver, copper, palladium and gold alloy comprises, in weight percent, 25-35% of copper, 20-30% of palladium, 0.1-5% of gold and the balance silver. The preparation method includes the steps: selecting high-purity silver, oxygen-free copper, high-purity palladium and high-purity gold, calculating the demanded quantity of the silver, the copper, the palladium and the gold according to a matching range, and preparing materials; placing the matched furnace materials into a crucible of a vacuum melting furnace, heating the furnace materials in high vacuum, refining the materials after the furnace materials are completely molten, adjusting the temperature to reach 900 DEG C to 1000 DEG C, and casting the materials; performing multi-pass rotary forging and vacuum annealing for a cast ingot; further drawing the wire and performing vacuum annealing, scalping and washing, finally, drawing the wire to obtain the finished brazing wire after burning a head by the aid of hydrochloric acid and passing a die. The diameter of the cast ingot is rotatably forged from phi 15mm to phi 3.4mm, the diameter of the finished brazing wire is phi 0.5mm, the melting point of the brazing wire ranges from 870 DEG C to 880 DEG C, the flow point of the brazing wire ranges from 890 DEG C to 910 DEG C, the temperature difference between the melting point and the flow point is small, the brazing temperature approximately ranges from 910 DEG C to 930 DEG C and approaches that of AuCu20 (with the melting point of 910 DEG C), and the AuCu20 can be partially replaced when electric vacuum devices with base materials such as oxygen-free copper, nickel, stainless steel and a nickel alloy are welded.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of electron tube silver-alloy brazing material and preparation method thereof, particularly silver-bearing copper porpezite (AgCuPdAu) quaternary alloy brazing wire and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Vacuum electron device job requirement long term maintenance high vacuum, device carries out soldering usually in hydrogen furnace or vacuum drying oven.Therefore solder must meet following requirement: 1) general solder can not containing high-vapor-pressure elements such as Zn, Cd, Bi, Mg, Li; 2) oxygen content of solder more than 0.001%, must not ensure solder when hydrogen furnace brazing without splatter; 3) solder must clean, otherwise face of weld blackening during brazing filler metal melts, have a strong impact on the normal use of device; 4) fusing point is at least low than the fusing point of mother metal about 60 DEG C; 5) spreading character (ability etc. of wetability, spreadability, blind) of mother metal is met to the requirement of soldering processes.
In numerous electrovacuum solders, auri solder is applied in the welding of electron tube with exclusive welding advantage all the time.Auri solder has good spreading character (wetability and spreadability) to various metals, steam forces down, anti-oxidant, corrosion resistance is high, melt flow point is close, be usually used in copper, nickel, can cut down, the welding of the metal such as stainless steel and alloy, especially for the welding that welding point has anti-oxidant and elevated temperature strength to require.Such solder is except mother metal copper, little to the erosion degree of other mother metal, general suitable soldering thinner part.Gold-base alloy within the scope of current 900 DEG C ~ 1000 DEG C mainly contains: AuCu20(910 DEG C), AuCu37.5(930 DEG C ~ 940 DEG C), AuNi17.5(950 DEG C), AuCu50(955 DEG C ~ 975 DEG C), AuCu60(980 DEG C ~ 1000 DEG C) etc.
In the work of electron tube actual welding, often because welded complexity needs to carry out classification welding.This selects different solder with regard to needing according to different warm areas, to realize gradient welding.Particularly at 900 DEG C ~ 950 DEG C warm areas, AuCu20 is best gradient solder, its fusing point and flow point are 910 DEG C, there is not the melt flow temperature difference and affect the spreading character of solder, the advantage such as there is good welding performance, steam forces down, plasticity good, welding base metal is extensive, but relate to precious metals gold raw material due to AuCu20, cost of material and price higher, make electron tube welding cost expensive, the research therefore substituting auri solder seems particularly important.At present in electrovacuum industry, the comparatively low silver-base solder of price and palladium base solder is extensively adopted to carry out the application of alternative auri solder on electron tube.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of silver-bearing copper Polarium material, substitute AuCu20 solder, use cost is low compared with AuCu20, and during welding, spreading character is good, is widely used in the welding of electron tube.
Another object of the present invention is to the preparation method that described silver-bearing copper Polarium is provided.Prepare furnace charge by described silver-bearing copper Polarium composition by weight percent, the furnace charge prepared is put into smelting furnace and carries out melting, after load melting, be cast into required form.The present invention recommends fusion process to adopt vacuum argon shield, avoids producing oxidation in fine silver material fusion process and introduces the impurity such as oxide inclusions.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of silver-bearing copper Polarium brazing wire, and this solder is prepared by described silver-bearing copper Polarium, can meet the requirement to solder fusing point and welding performance when 900 DEG C ~ 950 DEG C warm areas weld.
Another object of the present invention is the preparation method providing a kind of described silver-bearing copper Polarium brazing wire, swaging with vacuum annealing to improve its processing characteristics by adopting, adopting surface treatment and the measures such as process that strip off the skin to solve a difficult problem for silver-bearing copper porpezite electrovacuum solder spatter property difference.Strip off the skin to be treated to and surface of the work oxide layer is removed, avoid follow-up deep processing to introduce the impurity such as oxide inclusion.
For realizing above object, the present invention takes following design:
A kind of silver-bearing copper Polarium, is characterized in that into and to be grouped into and mass percent is: copper, 25% ~ 35%; Palladium, 20% ~ 30; Gold, 0.1% ~ 5%; Silver, surplus.
[0011] the silver-bearing copper Polarium described in preferably becomes to be grouped into and mass percent is: copper, 30% ± 2%; Palladium, 25% ± 2%; Gold, 1% ± 0.7%; Silver, surplus.
A kind of silver-bearing copper Polarium solder, it is obtained by above-mentioned silver-bearing copper Polarium.
Preparation method's step of described silver-bearing copper Polarium solder is as follows:
A) become to be grouped into and proportioning selects furnace charge by the silver-bearing copper Polarium described in claim 1 or 2, the crucible furnace charge prepared being put into vacuum melting furnace carries out melting;
B) start after vacuum pumping pump vacuumizes and start to heat up, refining 5-20 minute after furnace charge all melts, pour argon gas, adjust the temperature to 900 DEG C ~ 1000 DEG C, leave standstill 2 ~ 5 minutes, start the ingot casting being cast into required size, the present invention is cast into the pole of Φ 15mm for ease of following process, vacuumizes and mechanical pump, lobe pump etc. can be adopted to vacuumize;
C), after ingot casting is come out of the stove, ingot casting is decaptitated and truncates until guarantee that ingot casting does not have defect.Above-mentioned steps has prepared silver-bearing copper palldium alloy solder bar-shaped cast ingot, and finished product brazing wire also needs further ingot casting machinery to be processed as brazing wire.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of preparation method of silver-bearing copper Polarium brazing wire, and finished product solder has that steam forces down, wetting mother metal is extensive and the welding advantage such as fillibility is good, can meet the welding requirements of high-performance electric vacuum device.Prepare silver-bearing copper Polarium brazing wire by the method, the working plasticity of solder can be improved further, ensure the spatter property of solder in machine-shaping process, in case oxidation simultaneously.
For realizing upper object, the present invention takes following design:
A kind of silver-bearing copper Polarium state brazing wire, is obtained by above-mentioned silver-bearing copper Polarium.
A preparation method for silver-bearing copper Polarium state brazing wire, the silver-bearing copper Polarium ingot casting first above-mentioned steps obtained, continues the following step:
D) silver-bearing copper Polarium ingot casting swager claim 4 obtained carries out multi-pass and swages, and diameter to be swaged to Φ 3.4mm by Φ 15mm, and vacuum annealing is carried out in centre, is incubated 1 hour ~ 3 hours and also cools with stove after being heated to 600 DEG C ~ 620 DEG C.
E) first silver-bearing copper Polarium state silk material obtained above is shut out tip for wearing mould, further wire drawing on vertical wire drawing machine with pointing machine;
F) carry out middle vacuum annealing in drawing process, be heated to 600 DEG C ~ 620 DEG C under argon shield after, be incubated 1 hour ~ 3 hours, with stove cooling under vacuum state, carry out strip off the skin process removal oxide layer and blemish after coming out of the stove, continue multi pass drawing afterwards;
H), during drawing Φ 0.5mm finished silk, dip in cotton the finished silk end that wire drawing die outlet side cleaned by absolute alcohol, carry out micronization processes; (burned tip problem)
Silver-bearing copper Polarium ingot casting is swaged by the swage detailed process of Φ 3.4mm of Φ 15mm: first to be swaged to Φ 11mm by Φ 15mm, in order to remove residual stress, and carry heavy alloyed working plasticity, vacuum annealing is carried out under argon shield, 1 hour ~ 3 hours are incubated, with stove Slow cooling under vacuum state after being heated to 600 DEG C ~ 620 DEG C; Proceed multi-pass afterwards to swage, diameter to be swaged to Φ 7.8mm by Φ 11mm, carries out vacuum annealing; To be swaged to Φ 5.6mm by Φ 7.8mm subsequently, carry out vacuum annealing; By Φ 5.6mm swage Φ 3.4mm final vacuum anneal, carry out the process that strips off the skin afterwards.Swage in process, avoid Surface of Rod Bar to occur little burr, need control passage processing capacity well, remove silk material surface oxide layer and little burr by the process that strips off the skin simultaneously.
The detailed process that silver-bearing copper Polarium brazing wire pulls to Φ 0.5mm by Φ 3.4mm is: carry out on vertical wire drawing machine, first move Φ 1.5mm to by Φ 3.4mm multi-pass die change, 1 hour ~ 3 hours are incubated after vacuum annealing is afterwards heated to 600 DEG C ~ 620 DEG C, with stove Slow cooling under vacuum state, carry out the process that strips off the skin afterwards, to ensure the spatter property of electrovacuum solder; The silk of Φ 1.0mm is obtained again through multiple tracks drawing; Finally carry out on water tank drawbench, wear the silk drawing one-shot forming to obtain Φ 0.5mm through multiple tracks mould.
Drawing process cake soap or hot liquid soap lubricate by the silver-bearing copper Polarium silk of drawing.
Need to carry out micronization processes (burned tip) to end before water tank drawbench wears mould, due to the restriction of gold content, electrochemical reaction burned tip must be carried out in hydrochloric acid.
Advantage of the present invention is:
(1) excellent by its welding performance of alloy state brazing wire that silver-bearing copper Polarium of the present invention is obtained, having the advantages such as wetting mother metal is extensive, steam forces down, fillibility is got well, is a kind of important electron tube solder.The interpolation of appropriate gold effectively improves the plasticity of alloy, also reduces the solid-liquid phase line temperature difference of solder simultaneously.
(2) the present invention adopt vacuum casting shaping-process of swaging, and carry out vacuum annealing process, these effectively improve the machine-shaping property of material; The spatter property of surface treatment after annealing to product is significantly increased, and the process that simultaneously strips off the skin decreases the adverse effect of oxide skin to finished product spatter property.
(3) brazing temperature of silver-bearing copper Polarium state brazing wire that the present invention obtains is 910 DEG C ~ 930 DEG C, with AuCu20(fusing point 910 DEG C) brazing temperature is close, can Some substitute AuCu20 when welding base metal is the electron tube of oxygen-free copper, nickel, stainless steel, nickel alloy etc., greatly reduce electron tube welding cost.
Detailed description of the invention
The one-tenth of silver-bearing copper Polarium of the present invention is grouped into and mass percent is: copper, 25% ~ 35%; Palladium, 20% ~ 30%; Gold, 0.1% ~ 5%; Silver, surplus.Preferred scheme is: copper, 30% ± 2%; Palladium, 25% ± 2%; Gold, 1% ± 0.7%; Silver, surplus.
Main innovate point of the present invention is: in the silver-bearing copper palldium alloy of mentioned component, add appropriate gold, to reduce the solid-liquid phase line temperature difference of solder, thus improves the welding performance of solder, also improves the working plasticity of alloy simultaneously.Through the shaping obtained alloy of vacuum casting in the silver-bearing copper Polarium composition range of said ratio, then to swage further-vacuum annealing-wire drawing-techniques such as process that strip off the skin obtain silver-bearing copper Polarium state brazing wire.
Here is that the present invention prepares the whole process of silver-bearing copper Polarium brazing wire, and concrete grammar technique is as follows:
One, founding
Smelting-casting equipment: vacuum casting furnace; High purity aluminium oxide crucible;
Founding auxiliary material: crucible tongs, high purity graphite mould, argon gas, temperature-measuring heat couple.
Founding process:
1., before melt, vacuum melting furnace inwall is first used test paper, then by alcohol or acetone wiped clean.
2. raw-material selection and proportioning: silver, 99.95% ~ 99.99%; Copper, the oxygen-free copper of more than 5N; Palladium, 99.95% ~ 99.99%; Gold, by electrolysis to golden 4N(99.99%) raw material purify, and make its purity reach more than 5N (> 99.999%).Calculate by standard-required composition and add furnace charge amount, be the accuracy ensureing burdening calculation and weigh, must review.
3. operate: crucible put into by the furnace charge prepared, mechanical pump, lobe pump are evacuated to 4Pa ~ more than 6Pa to start to heat up, after furnace charge all melts, be adjusted to 10KW, refining 5 minutes ~ 20 minutes, pours argon gas, adjusts the temperature to 900-1000 DEG C, leave standstill 2 minutes ~ 5 minutes, start casting.
Two, swage
Rotary swaging equipment: swager; Vacuum annealing furnace
To swage machining process: ingot casting is forged Φ 11mm by diameter of phi 15mm, vacuum annealing under argon shield through multiple tracks mould of swaging, be incubated 1 hour ~ 3 hours after being heated to 600 DEG C ~ 620 DEG C, with stove Slow cooling under vacuum state.Continue afterwards to swage again and forge Φ 7.8mm by diameter of phi 11mm, Φ 7.8mm Φ 5.6mm, the Φ 5.6mm that swages swages Φ 3.4mm, and centre carries out three vacuum annealings respectively.Working modulus 30% ~ 40%, pass reduction about 8%.If material surface has oxidative phenomena, the process that strips off the skin be carried out.
Three, wire drawing
Use equipment: vertical wire drawing machine; Water tank drawbench, pointing machine, vacuum annealing furnace, wire drawing die.
Drawing process process: silver-bearing copper Polarium silk is carried out pointing on pointing machine, for wearing mould, obtaining the annealing of Φ 1.5mm silk final vacuum through multiple tracks drawing, being incubated 1 hour ~ 3 hours, and carrying out the process that strips off the skin after being heated to 600 DEG C ~ 620 DEG C; After pulling to Φ 1.0mm, wear through water tank drawbench multiple tracks mould the silk drawing one-shot forming to obtain Φ 0.5mm, coil.Drawing process cake soap or hot liquid soap lubricate silver-bearing copper Polarium silk.Before water tank drawbench wears mould, need burned tip, due to the restriction of gold content, electrochemical reaction burned tip must be carried out in hydrochloric acid.
Four, finished product cleaning, packaging:
Dip in cotton the finished silk that wire drawing die outlet side cleaned by absolute alcohol, and coil packaging.
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is described further:
embodiment 1
A) by silver-bearing copper Polarium Alloy constituent percentages: copper, 35%; Palladium, 20%; Gold, 0.1%; Silver, surplus, carries out furnace charge and selects proportioning, and the crucible furnace charge prepared being put into vacuum melting furnace carries out melting;
B) start after vacuum pumping pump vacuumizes and start to heat up, after furnace charge all melts, refining 5-20 minute, pours argon gas, adjust the temperature to 900 DEG C ~ 1000 DEG C, leave standstill 2 minutes ~ 5 minutes, start the pole being cast into Φ 15mm, vacuumize and mechanical pump, lobe pump etc. can be adopted to vacuumize;
C), after ingot casting is come out of the stove, ingot casting is decaptitated and truncates, obtain alloy cast ingot.
D) ingot casting swager carries out multi-pass and swages, and diameter to be swaged to Φ 3.4mm by Φ 15mm, and vacuum annealing is carried out in centre, is incubated 1 hour ~ 3 hours and also cools with stove after being heated to 600 DEG C ~ 620 DEG C; Detailed process is: first to be swaged to Φ 11mm by Φ 15mm, carry out vacuum annealing, be incubated 1 hour ~ 3 hours, with stove Slow cooling under vacuum state after being heated to 600 DEG C ~ 620 DEG C under argon shield; Proceed multi-pass afterwards to swage, diameter to be swaged to Φ 7.8mm by Φ 11mm, carries out vacuum annealing; To be swaged to Φ 5.6mm by Φ 7.8mm subsequently, carry out vacuum annealing; Annealed by Φ 5.6mm Φ 3.4mm final vacuum of swaging, carry out the process that strips off the skin afterwards, swage in process, avoid Surface of Rod Bar to occur little burr, need control passage processing capacity well, simultaneously by process removal silk material surface oxide layer and the little burr of stripping off the skin.The specific process pulling to Φ 0.5mm by Φ 3.4mm is again: carry out on vertical wire drawing machine, first move Φ 1.5mm to by Φ 3.4mm multi-pass die change, 1 hour ~ 3 hours are incubated after vacuum annealing is afterwards heated to 600 DEG C ~ 620 DEG C, with stove Slow cooling under vacuum state, carry out the process that strips off the skin afterwards, to ensure the spatter property of electrovacuum solder; The silk of Φ 1.0mm is obtained again through multiple tracks drawing; Finally carry out on water tank drawbench, wear the silk drawing one-shot forming to obtain Φ 0.5mm through multiple tracks mould, during drawing Φ 0.5mm finished silk, dip in cotton the finished silk that wire drawing die outlet side cleaned by absolute alcohol.Drawing process cake soap or hot liquid soap lubricate by the silver-bearing copper Polarium silk of drawing.Before water tank drawbench wears mould, electrochemical reaction is carried out in silk material end in hydrochloric acid, do micronization processes.Finally obtain silver-bearing copper Polarium brazing wire finished product, its spatter property meets national standard and cleans I level.This solder Product jointing is functional, good wellability is had to copper, nickel, stainless steel, the silver-bearing copper Polarium brazing wire that the present invention simultaneously prepares, its brazing temperature and AuCu20(fusing point 910 DEG C) solder is close, can Some substitute AuCu20 when welding base metal is the electron tubes such as oxygen-free copper, nickel, stainless steel, thus greatly reduce electron tube welding cost.
embodiment 2by silver-bearing copper Polarium Alloy constituent percentages: copper, 25%; Palladium, 30%; Gold, 5%; Silver, surplus, carries out furnace charge and selects proportioning, and the crucible furnace charge prepared being put into vacuum melting furnace carries out melting and obtains ingot casting; Subsequently through swaging, vacuum annealing, drawing, obtain silver-bearing copper Polarium brazing wire finished product after the same subsequent technique process such as to strip off the skin, its spatter property meets national standard and cleans I level.This solder Product jointing is functional, good wellability is had to copper, nickel, stainless steel, the silver-bearing copper Polarium brazing wire that the present invention simultaneously prepares, its brazing temperature and AuCu20(fusing point 910 DEG C) solder is close, can Some substitute AuCu20 when welding base metal is the electron tubes such as oxygen-free copper, nickel, stainless steel, thus greatly reduce electron tube welding cost.
embodiment 3by silver-bearing copper Polarium Alloy constituent percentages: copper, 29%; Palladium, 26%; Gold, 1.5%; Silver, surplus; Carry out furnace charge and select proportioning, the crucible furnace charge prepared being put into vacuum melting furnace carries out melting; Subsequently through swaging, vacuum annealing, drawing, strip off the skin process after obtain silver-bearing copper Polarium brazing wire finished product, its spatter property meets national standard and cleans I level.This solder Product jointing is functional, good wellability is had to copper, nickel, stainless steel, the silver-bearing copper Polarium brazing wire that the present invention simultaneously prepares, its brazing temperature and AuCu20(fusing point 910 DEG C) solder is close, can Some substitute AuCu20 when welding base metal is the electron tubes such as oxygen-free copper, nickel, stainless steel, thus greatly reduce electron tube welding cost.
embodiment 4by silver-bearing copper Polarium Alloy constituent percentages: copper, 30%; Palladium, 25%; Gold, 1%; Silver, surplus; Carry out furnace charge and select proportioning, the crucible furnace charge prepared being put into vacuum melting furnace carries out melting; Subsequently through swaging, vacuum annealing, drawing, strip off the skin process after obtain silver-bearing copper Polarium brazing wire finished product, its spatter property meets national standard and cleans I level.This solder Product jointing is functional, good wellability is had to copper, nickel, stainless steel, the silver-bearing copper Polarium brazing wire that the present invention simultaneously prepares, its brazing temperature and AuCu20(fusing point 910 DEG C) solder is close, can Some substitute AuCu20 when welding base metal is the electron tubes such as oxygen-free copper, nickel, stainless steel, thus greatly reduce electron tube welding cost.
embodiment 5by silver-bearing copper Polarium Alloy constituent percentages: copper, 30.5%; Palladium, 24.5%; Gold, 0.5%; Silver, surplus; Carry out furnace charge and select proportioning, the crucible furnace charge prepared being put into vacuum melting furnace carries out melting; Through swaging, vacuum annealing, drawing, strip off the skin process after obtain silver-bearing copper Polarium brazing wire finished product, its spatter property meets national standard and cleans I level.This solder Product jointing is functional, good wellability is had to copper, nickel, stainless steel, the silver-bearing copper Polarium brazing wire that the present invention simultaneously prepares, its brazing temperature and AuCu20(fusing point 910 DEG C) solder is close, can Some substitute AuCu20 when welding base metal is the electron tubes such as oxygen-free copper, nickel, stainless steel, thus greatly reduce electron tube welding cost.
embodiment 6by silver-bearing copper Polarium Alloy constituent percentages: copper, 32%; Palladium, 24%; Gold, 0.4%; Silver, surplus; Carry out furnace charge and select proportioning, the crucible furnace charge prepared being put into vacuum melting furnace carries out melting; Through swaging, vacuum annealing, drawing, strip off the skin process after obtain silver-bearing copper Polarium brazing wire finished product, its spatter property meets national standard and cleans I level.This solder Product jointing is functional, good wellability is had to copper, nickel, stainless steel, the silver-bearing copper Polarium brazing wire that the present invention simultaneously prepares, its brazing temperature and AuCu20(fusing point 910 DEG C) solder is close, can Some substitute AuCu20 when welding base metal is the electron tubes such as oxygen-free copper, nickel, stainless steel, thus greatly reduce electron tube welding cost.
Claims (12)
1. a silver-bearing copper Polarium, is characterized in that in alloy, each composition by weight percent is: copper, 25% ~ 35%; Palladium, 20% ~ 30%; Gold, 0.1% ~ 5%; Silver, surplus.
2. silver-bearing copper Polarium according to claim 1, is characterized in that in alloy, each composition by weight percent is: copper, 30% ± 2%; Palladium, 25% ± 2%; Gold, 1% ± 0.7%; Silver, surplus.
3. a silver-bearing copper Polarium brazing wire, is characterized in that: adopt silver-bearing copper Polarium described in claim 1 or 2 to obtain.
4. a purposes for silver-bearing copper Polarium described in claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that the electrovacuum solder that described silver-bearing copper Polarium welds for electron tube.
5. the preparation method of silver-bearing copper Polarium described in a claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that method step is as follows: prepare furnace charge by the silver-bearing copper Polarium composition by weight percent described in claim 1 or 2, the furnace charge prepared is put into smelting furnace and carries out melting, after load melting, be cast into required form.
6., according to the silver-bearing copper palldium alloy preparation method described in claim 5, it is characterized in that method step is as follows:
A) by composition by weight percent each in silver-bearing copper Polarium: copper, 25% ~ 35%; Palladium, 20% ~ 30%; Gold, 0.1% ~ 5%; Silver, surplus; Carry out furnace charge and select proportioning, the crucible furnace charge prepared being put into vacuum melting furnace carries out melting;
B) start after vacuum pumping pump vacuumizes and start to heat up, after furnace charge all melts, refining 5 minutes ~ 20 minutes, pours argon gas, adjusts the temperature to 900 DEG C ~ 1000 DEG C, leaves standstill the ingot casting being cast into required size after 2 minutes ~ 5 minutes;
C), after ingot casting is come out of the stove, ingot casting is decaptitated and truncates.
7., according to the silver-bearing copper palldium alloy preparation method described in claim 5, it is characterized in that method step is as follows:
A) by composition by weight percent each in silver-bearing copper Polarium: copper, 30% ± 2%; Palladium, 25% ± 2%; Gold, 1% ± 0.7%; Silver, surplus; Carry out charge composition to select, the crucible that vacuum melting furnace put into by the furnace charge prepared is carried out melting;
B) start after vacuum pumping pump vacuumizes and start to heat up, after furnace charge all melts, refining 5 minutes ~ 20 minutes, pours argon gas, adjusts the temperature to 900 DEG C ~ 1000 DEG C, leaves standstill the ingot casting being cast into required size after 2 minutes ~ 5 minutes;
C), after ingot casting is come out of the stove, ingot casting is decaptitated and truncates.
8. adopt the Polarium of silver-bearing copper described in claim 1 or 2 to make a method for brazing wire, it is characterized in that method step is as follows:
A) silver-bearing copper Polarium ingot casting swager is carried out multi-pass to swage, diameter to be swaged to Φ 3.4mm by Φ 15mm, and vacuum annealing is carried out in centre, is incubated 1 hour ~ 3 hours and also cools with stove after being heated to 600 DEG C ~ 620 DEG C;
B) first with pointing machine, silver-bearing copper Polarium state silk material obtained above is shut out tip for wearing mould, on vertical wire drawing machine and water tank drawbench, further wire drawing, pulls to Φ 0.5mm by Φ 3.4mm;
C) carry out middle vacuum annealing in drawing process, be heated to 600 DEG C ~ 620 DEG C under argon shield after, be incubated 1 hour ~ 3 hours, with stove cooling under vacuum state, carry out strip off the skin process removal oxide layer and blemish after coming out of the stove, continue multi pass drawing afterwards;
D), during drawing Φ 0.5mm finished silk, dip in cotton the finished silk that wire drawing die outlet side cleaned by absolute alcohol.
9. the preparation method of silver-bearing copper Polarium brazing wire according to claim 8, is characterized in that:
Silver-bearing copper Polarium ingot casting is swaged by the swage detailed process of Φ 3.4mm of Φ 15mm: first to be swaged to Φ 11mm by Φ 15mm, vacuum annealing is carried out under argon shield, 1 hour ~ 3 hours are incubated, with stove Slow cooling under vacuum state after being heated to 600 DEG C ~ 620 DEG C; Proceed multi-pass afterwards to swage, diameter to be swaged to Φ 7.8mm by Φ 11mm, carries out vacuum annealing; To be swaged to Φ 5.6mm by Φ 7.8mm subsequently, carry out vacuum annealing; Annealed by Φ 5.6mm Φ 3.4mm final vacuum of swaging, carry out the process that strips off the skin afterwards, swage in process, avoid Surface of Rod Bar to occur little burr, need control passage processing capacity well, simultaneously by process removal silk material surface oxide layer and the little burr of stripping off the skin.
10. the preparation method of silver-bearing copper Polarium brazing wire according to claim 8, it is characterized in that: the detailed process that silver-bearing copper Polarium brazing wire pulls to Φ 0.5mm by Φ 3.4mm is: carry out on vertical wire drawing machine, first move Φ 1.5mm to by Φ 3.4mm multi-pass die change, 1 hour ~ 3 hours are incubated after vacuum annealing is afterwards heated to 600 DEG C ~ 620 DEG C, with stove Slow cooling under vacuum state, carry out the process that strips off the skin afterwards, to ensure the spatter property of electrovacuum solder; The silk of Φ 1.0mm is obtained again through multiple tracks drawing; Finally carry out on water tank drawbench, wear the silk drawing one-shot forming to obtain Φ 0.5mm through multiple tracks mould.
The preparation method of 11. silver-bearing copper Polarium brazing wires according to claim 10, is characterized in that: drawing process cake soap or hot liquid soap lubricate by the silver-bearing copper Polarium silk of drawing.
12., according to the preparation method of silver-bearing copper Polarium brazing wire described in claim 11, is characterized in that: before water tank drawbench wears mould, electrochemical reaction is carried out in silk material end in hydrochloric acid, do micronization processes.
Priority Applications (1)
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| CN113814608A (en) * | 2021-09-28 | 2021-12-21 | 中国原子能科学研究院 | Brazing filler metal, preparation method, sensor and brazing method |
| CN114393345A (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2022-04-26 | 无锡日月合金材料有限公司 | Low-silver vacuum solder with small temperature difference of melting point and flow point |
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| CN114393345A (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2022-04-26 | 无锡日月合金材料有限公司 | Low-silver vacuum solder with small temperature difference of melting point and flow point |
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