CN104645989A - Heteroatom-doping porous carbon material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Heteroatom-doping porous carbon material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention aims at providing a heteroatom-doping porous carbon material. The heteroatom-doping porous carbon material is prepared by adopting nano porous inorganic oxide as a hard mold plate and a sublimable hybrid organic micromolecule material as a precursor through steps of heat treatment, carbonization and removal of the mold plate; the nano porous inorganic oxide is selected from one of silicon oxide, titanium oxide or natural zeolite; the sublimable hybrid organic micromolecule material is one or a mixture of several of metal phthalocyanine, metalloporphyrin, urea and melamine at a random ratio. The heteroatom-doping porouos carbon material is large in specific surface area, uniform in aperture diameter distribution, good in conductivity, good in electrochemical activity, good in stability, suitable for rapid mass synthesis, relatively low in cost, small in pollution and wide in application prospect in the fields such as super capacitors and electrochemical catalysis.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Heteroatom doping porous carbon material, oxygen reduction catalyst, electrode material for super capacitor can be widely used in.
Background technology
Fuel cell (Fuel Cell, FC) be a kind of clean, efficient electrochemical generating unit, in polytype fuel cell, Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (Proton exchange membrane fuel cell, PEMFC) is because of its power density and specific energy is high, start fast, running temperature is low, be subject to research the most extensive without electrolyte loss, the reliability of height and the portability of excellence.
The non-platinum catalysis of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells becomes the Some Questions To Be Researched of fuel cell field in recent years day by day, at USDOE (DOE) Hydrogen Energy project 2008-2011 about in the problem of catalyst, the research of non-Pt and low Pt alloy catalyst accounts for the over half of catalyst research problem always.The electrocatalytic reaction dominant dynamic conditioning step of fuel cell is hydrogen reduction (Oxygen Reduction Reaction, ORR) reactions steps.1964, Raymond Jasinski reported a kind of novel non-platinum-type ORR catalyst-phthalein mountain valley with clumps of trees and bamboo cobalt (CoPc), confirmed the possibility [Nature, 1964,201 (4925): 1212-1213] using non-platinum-type ORR catalyst.All the time, researchers have made a large amount of trial on the non-platinum-type catalyst of synthesis, Me (the Me=Fe of the Pintsch process of wide coverage in recent years, Co, Ni, Cu) the inorganic non-precious metal catalyst of-N-C class has better oxygen reducing ability, in the activation polarization district of >0.9V close to the performance level [Science of platinum catalyst, 2009,324 (5923): 71-74].Order mesoporous Me-N-C type catalyst has larger specific area, thus make catalyst loading under identical circumstances its utilization rate greatly improve; On the other hand, the order mesoporous diffusion for oxygen and ion provides effective mass transfer channel, accelerates the diffusion velocity of gas and ion, and this has facilitation for electrochemical catalysis course of reaction.
Ultracapacitor has the features such as capacitance is large, extra long life, power density are large, cryogenic property is superior, environmental protection, when the battery technology that it and other are emerging is combined, the demand of high-performance application of power can be met, be all widely used in the industry that the energy, automobile, wind-power electricity generation, aircraft, military affairs etc. are many.At present, micro super capacitor is used widely on small mechanical equipment, the auxiliary equipment of such as computer memory system, camera, audio frequency apparatus and intermittent electricity consumption.Large-sized column ultracapacitor then more to be used in automotive field and natural energy resources collection, and can predict on the future market in this two large field, and ultracapacitor has huge development potentiality.The specific area of Carbon Materials and pore-size distribution are two the most important factors affecting electrochemical capacitor performance, the active carbon that development has high-ratio surface sum senior middle school hole content is simultaneously key [the Nature materials that exploitation has high-energy-density and high power density electrochemical capacitor concurrently, 2008,7 (11): 845-854].This Heteroatom doping porous carbon material specific area prepared in the present invention is large, and even aperture distribution, can meet the demand of super capacitor material.
For the organic molecule as charcoal source, need certain molecular dimension and just can retain higher charcoal residual rate afterwards in charing, when there being Heteroatom doping, these organic molecules are generally difficult to dissolve, thus prepare Heteroatom doping Carbon Materials to soft template or hard template method to bring very large difficulty.A kind of common method of current preparation non-platinum-type catalyst utilizes mesoporous silicon oxide molecular sieve and the metal nitrogenous source precursor power inorganic non-precious metal catalyst of Me-N-C type [CN201210440582.6], and wherein the synthesis of mesoporous silicon oxide molecular sieve is divided into hard template (hard templating) method and soft template (softtemplating) method by template difference.Preparing the inorganic non-precious metal catalyst of this kind of Me-N-C type generally adopts liquid phase method to mix, and this makes operation comparatively complicated, pollutes comparatively large, and is subject to the restriction of the physical property of presoma own, not easily prepare this kind of catalyst rapidly.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is the deficiency that exists for above-mentioned prior art and provides a kind of Heteroatom doping porous carbon material and preparation method thereof, specific area is large, even aperture distribution, good conductivity, electro-chemical activity are good, good stability, and are easy to preparation fast in enormous quantities.
The technical scheme that the problem that the present invention is the above-mentioned proposition of solution adopts is:
A kind of Heteroatom doping porous carbon material, its be with nanoporous inorganic oxide be hard template, sublimable hydridization organic small molecule material for presoma, obtained by heat treatment, charing, removal template.
A preparation method for Heteroatom doping porous carbon material, comprises the steps:
1), under room temperature, by hard template nanoporous inorganic oxide and presoma sublimable hydridization organic small molecule material solid phase Homogeneous phase mixing, the mixture of nanoporous inorganic oxide and sublimable hydridization organic small molecule material is obtained;
2) by step 1) gained mixture heat temperature raising under inert gas shielding, when being warming up to the sublimation temperature T of sublimable hydridization organic small molecule material, namely form the structure that sublimable hydridization organic small molecule material fills nanoporous inorganic oxide; Then continue to heat up under inert gas shielding, sublimable hydridization organic small molecule material is carbonized, form the structure of the nanoporous inorganic oxide that Heteroatom doping charcoal is filled;
This step utilizes: in heating up process, sublimable hydridization organic small molecule material distillation forms steam, and gas saturated vapor pressure, lower than the feature of air, makes described steam generation capillary condensation and condenses in described nanoaperture in the nanoaperture of nanoporous inorganic oxide;
3) by step 2) products therefrom removal nanoporous inorganic oxide hard template, obtain Heteroatom doping porous carbon material after filtration, drying.
By such scheme, the aperture of described nanoporous inorganic oxide is 0.5-100nm.
By such scheme, described nanoporous inorganic oxide is selected from the one in silica, titanium oxide or natural zeolite etc.
By such scheme, described sublimable hydridization organic small molecule material is one or more mixtures in any proportion in metal phthalocyanine, metalloporphyrin, urea, three cyanamides.Wherein, metal phthalocyanine can chosen from Fe phthalocyanine, cobalt phthalocyanine, copper phthalocyanine, nickel phthalocyanine, ZnPc etc.; Metalloporphyrin can chosen from Fe porphyrin, Cob altporphyrin, copper porphyrin, nickel-porphyrin, zinc protoporphyrin etc.
By such scheme, step 1) described in nanoporous inorganic oxide and sublimable hydridization organic small molecule material mass ratio be 1:1 ~ 4:1.
By such scheme, step 2) in heating rate be 0.5 ~ 10 DEG C/min, carbonization temperature is 600 ~ 1000 DEG C, carbonization time is 3 ~ 6h.
By such scheme, step 3) middle removal nanoporous inorganic oxide hard template employing HF solution, its concentration is 10 ~ 40wt%.
The present invention adopts nanoporous inorganic oxide hard template to prepare Heteroatom doping porous carbon material with the hydridization organic small molecule material that can distil, utilize hydridization organic small molecule material to distil and form steam, and in the nanoaperture of hard template gas saturated vapor pressure lower than the feature of air, there is capillary condensation and make the devaporation of hydridization organic small molecule material in the nanoaperture of hard template, forming the structure that sublimable hydridization organic small molecule material fills nanoporous inorganic oxide hard template; Afterwards, continue to heat up, hydridization organic small molecule material is carbonized, form the nanoporous inorganic oxide structure that Heteroatom doping charcoal is filled; Finally, removing porous inorganic oxide hard template, obtains the Heteroatom doping porous carbon material of nanoporous.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
First, Heteroatom doping porous carbon material specific area of the present invention is large, even aperture distribution, two dimension in orderly regular arrangement or three-dimensional manometer duct structure, diameter is about 0.5-100nm, good conductivity, electro-chemical activity are good, good stability, have broad application prospects in the field such as ultracapacitor and electrochemical catalysis;
The second, the method that the present invention prepares Heteroatom doping porous carbon material is succinctly easy to operate, and be particularly useful for batch Fast back-projection algorithm, cost is lower, it is little to pollute.
Accompanying drawing explanation
In Fig. 1, left figure is that the transmission electron microscope TEM of hard template mesopore silicon oxide (SBA-15) in embodiment 1 schemes; Right figure is that the transmission electron microscope TEM of the Heteroatom doping porous carbon material that embodiment 1 obtains schemes.
Fig. 2 is the transmission electron microscope TEM High-Resolution Map of the Heteroatom doping porous carbon material that embodiment 1 obtains.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to understand the present invention better, illustrate content of the present invention further below in conjunction with embodiment, but the present invention is not only confined to the following examples.
Embodiment 1
A preparation method for Heteroatom doping porous carbon material, comprises the steps:
1), under room temperature, 1:1 takes the mesopore silicon oxide (SBA-15) and FePC that aperture is 0.5nm in mass ratio, and in agate mortar, ground and mixed is even;
2) under inert gas shielding, by step 1) gained mixed-powder is placed in aluminium oxide porcelain boat, put into tube furnace, first at room temperature with the high-purity Ar gas flow purging 2h of 200mL/min, then air-flow is decreased to 50mL/min, with the ramp to 600 DEG C of 1 DEG C/min, insulation 6h, cool to room temperature with the furnace, obtain black powder, be the nanoporous inorganic oxide that Heteroatom doping charcoal is filled;
3) by step 2) gained black powder is soaked in 24h in 40wt%HF solution, and centrifugation precipitates; By the washing of gained solids of sedimentation repeatedly to neutral, 80 DEG C of dried in vacuo overnight, obtain Heteroatom doping porous carbon material.
From Fig. 1,2: gained Heteroatom doping porous carbon material is the loose structure of orderly regular arrangement, the structure of this long-range order improves the mass-transfer efficiency of gas, ion and electronics in catalyst application.
Gained Heteroatom doping porous carbon material is tested its specific area is 987.9m through nitrogen adsorption-desorption
2/ g; Through electrochemical impedance test, calculating its electrical conductivity is 596S/m.
Gained Heteroatom doping porous carbon material is as oxidation reduction catalyst, and in three-electrode system, wherein working electrode is the platinum electrode of supported catalyst sample, and carrying capacity is 0.4mg/cm
2, reference electrode is standard hydrogen electrode, is platinum electrode to electrode, in 0.1M KOH solution, and O
21600rpm test under saturation conditions, playing spike potential is 0.962V, and carrying current is 5.54mA/cm
2, embody the redox active higher than noble metal catalyst Pt/C; After the acceleration circulation of 30000s, its current attenuation is to 83.5%, and noble metal catalyst Pt/C decays to 79.6% under the same conditions, embodies stability more better than noble metal catalyst Pt/C.
Embodiment 2
A preparation method for Heteroatom doping porous carbon material, comprises the steps:
1), under room temperature, 4:1 takes the meso-porous titanium oxide and PORPHYRIN IRON that aperture is 20nm in mass ratio, and in agate mortar, ground and mixed is even;
2) under inert gas shielding, by step 1) gained mixed-powder is placed in aluminium oxide porcelain boat, put into tube furnace, first at room temperature with the high-purity Ar gas flow purging 2h of 200mL/min, then air-flow is decreased to 50mL/min, with the ramp to 800 DEG C of 3 DEG C/min, insulation 3h, cool to room temperature with the furnace, obtain black powder, be the nanoporous inorganic oxide that Heteroatom doping charcoal is filled;
3) by step 2) gained black powder is soaked in 24h in 10wt%HF solution, and centrifugation precipitates; By the washing of gained solids of sedimentation repeatedly to neutral, 80 DEG C of dried in vacuo overnight, obtain Heteroatom doping porous carbon material.
Gained Heteroatom doping porous carbon material can turn out to be the loose structure of orderly regular arrangement, and the structure of this long-range order improves the mass-transfer efficiency of gas, ion and electronics in catalyst application.
Gained Heteroatom doping porous carbon material is tested its specific area is 1039.6m through nitrogen adsorption-desorption
2/ g; Through electrochemical impedance test, calculating its electrical conductivity is 687S/m.
Gained Heteroatom doping porous carbon material is as oxidation reduction catalyst, and in three-electrode system, wherein working electrode is the platinum electrode of supported catalyst sample, and carrying capacity is 0.4mg/cm
2, reference electrode is standard hydrogen electrode, is platinum electrode to electrode, in 0.1M KOH solution, and O
21600rpm test under saturation conditions, playing spike potential is 1.036V, and carrying current is 6.06mA/cm
2embody the redox active higher than noble metal catalyst Pt/C, after the acceleration circulation of 30000s, its current attenuation is to 81.9%, and noble metal catalyst Pt/C decays to 79.6% under the same conditions, embody stability more better than noble metal catalyst Pt/C.
Embodiment 3
A preparation method for Heteroatom doping porous carbon material, comprises the steps:
1), under room temperature, 3:1 takes the natural zeolite and three cyanamides that aperture is 100nm in mass ratio, and in agate mortar, ground and mixed is even;
2) under inert gas shielding, by step 1) gained mixed-powder is placed in aluminium oxide porcelain boat, put into tube furnace, first at room temperature with the high-purity Ar gas flow purging 2h of 200mL/min, then air-flow is decreased to 50mL/min, with the ramp to 1000 DEG C of 3 DEG C/min, insulation 4h, cool to room temperature with the furnace, obtain black powder, be the nanoporous inorganic oxide that Heteroatom doping charcoal is filled;
3) by step 2) gained black powder is soaked in 1h in 20wt%HF solution, and centrifugation precipitates; By the washing of gained solids of sedimentation repeatedly to neutral, 80 DEG C of dried in vacuo overnight, obtain Heteroatom doping porous carbon material.
Gained Heteroatom doping porous carbon material can turn out to be the loose structure of orderly regular arrangement, and the structure of this long-range order improves the mass-transfer efficiency of gas, ion and electronics in catalyst application.
Gained Heteroatom doping porous carbon material is tested its specific area is 1251.1m through nitrogen adsorption-desorption
2/ g; Through electrochemical impedance test, calculating its electrical conductivity is 702S/m.
Gained Heteroatom doping porous carbon material is as oxidation reduction catalyst, and in three-electrode system, wherein working electrode is the platinum electrode of supported catalyst sample, and carrying capacity is 0.4mg/cm
2, reference electrode is standard hydrogen electrode, is platinum electrode to electrode, and it is in 0.1M KOH solution, O
21600rpm test under saturation conditions, playing spike potential is 0.947V, and carrying current is 5.49mA/cm
2embody the redox active higher than noble metal catalyst Pt/C, after the acceleration circulation of 30000s, its current attenuation is to 82.7%, and noble metal catalyst Pt/C decays to 79.6% under the same conditions, embody stability more better than noble metal catalyst Pt/C.
Embodiment 4
A preparation method for Heteroatom doping porous carbon material, comprises the steps:
1), under room temperature, take mesopore silicon oxide and Cobalt Phthalocyanine, Cobalt Porphyrin, urea, three cyanamides of 30nm, in agate mortar, ground and mixed is even; Wherein, the mass ratio of sublimable hydridization organic small molecule material Cobalt Phthalocyanine, Cobalt Porphyrin, urea, three cyanamides is 1:1:1:1, and the mass ratio of mesopore silicon oxide and sublimable hydridization organic small molecule material total amount is 4:1;
2) under inert gas shielding, by step 1) gained mixed-powder is placed in aluminium oxide porcelain boat, put into tube furnace, first at room temperature with the high-purity Ar gas flow purging 2h of 200mL/min, then air-flow is decreased to 50mL/min, with the ramp to 900 DEG C of 3 DEG C/min, insulation 6h, cool to room temperature with the furnace, obtain black powder, be the nanoporous inorganic oxide that Heteroatom doping charcoal is filled;
3) by step 2) gained black powder is soaked in 1h in 10wt%HF solution, and centrifugation precipitates; By the washing of gained solids of sedimentation repeatedly to neutral, 80 DEG C of dried in vacuo overnight, obtain Heteroatom doping porous carbon material.
Gained Heteroatom doping porous carbon material can turn out to be the loose structure of orderly regular arrangement, and the structure of this long-range order improves the mass-transfer efficiency of gas, ion and electronics in catalyst application.
Gained Heteroatom doping porous carbon material is through nitrogen adsorption-desorption test, and obtaining its specific area is 1147.1m
2/ g; Through electrochemical impedance test, calculating its electrical conductivity is 659S/m.
Gained Heteroatom doping porous carbon material is as oxidation reduction catalyst, and in three-electrode system, wherein working electrode is the platinum electrode of supported catalyst sample, and carrying capacity is 0.4mg/cm
2, reference electrode is standard hydrogen electrode, is platinum electrode to electrode, in 0.1M KOH solution, and O
21600rpm test under saturation conditions, playing spike potential is 0.958V, and carrying current is 5.75mA/cm
2embody the redox active higher than noble metal catalyst Pt/C, after the acceleration circulation of 30000s, its current attenuation is to 80.8%, and noble metal catalyst Pt/C decays to 79.6% under the same conditions, embody stability more better than noble metal catalyst Pt/C.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it should be pointed out that for the person of ordinary skill of the art, and without departing from the concept of the premise of the invention, can also make some improvement and conversion, these all belong to protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a Heteroatom doping porous carbon material, it is characterized in that it be with nanoporous inorganic oxide be hard template, sublimable hydridization organic small molecule material for presoma, obtained by heat treatment, charing, removal template.
2. a kind of Heteroatom doping porous carbon material according to claim 1, is characterized in that described nanoporous inorganic oxide is selected from the one in silica, titanium oxide or natural zeolite.
3. a kind of Heteroatom doping porous carbon material according to claim 1, is characterized in that described sublimable hydridization organic small molecule material is one or more mixtures in any proportion in metal phthalocyanine, metalloporphyrin, urea, three cyanamides.
4. the preparation method of a kind of Heteroatom doping porous carbon material according to claim 1, is characterized in that it comprises the steps:
1), under room temperature, by hard template nanoporous inorganic oxide and presoma sublimable hydridization organic small molecule material solid phase Homogeneous phase mixing, the mixture of nanoporous inorganic oxide and sublimable hydridization organic small molecule material is obtained;
2) under inert gas shielding, by step 1) gained mixture heat temperature raising under inert gas shielding, when being warming up to the sublimation temperature of sublimable hydridization organic small molecule material, form the structure that sublimable hydridization organic small molecule material fills nanoporous inorganic oxide; Then continue to heat up under inert gas shielding, hydridization organic small molecule material is carbonized, form the structure of the nanoporous inorganic oxide that Heteroatom doping charcoal is filled;
3) by step 2) products therefrom removal nanoporous inorganic oxide hard template, obtain Heteroatom doping porous carbon material after filtration, drying.
5. the preparation method of a kind of Heteroatom doping porous carbon material according to claim 4, is characterized in that the aperture of described nanoporous inorganic oxide is 0.5-100nm.
6. the preparation method of a kind of Heteroatom doping porous carbon material according to claim 4, is characterized in that described nanoporous inorganic oxide is selected from the one in silica, titanium oxide or natural zeolite.
7. the preparation method of a kind of Heteroatom doping porous carbon material according to claim 4, is characterized in that described sublimable hydridization organic small molecule material is one or more mixtures in any proportion in metal phthalocyanine, metalloporphyrin, urea, three cyanamides.
8. the preparation method of a kind of Heteroatom doping porous carbon material according to claim 4, is characterized in that step 1) described in nanoporous inorganic oxide and sublimable hydridization organic small molecule material mass ratio be 1:1 ~ 4:1.
9. the preparation method of a kind of Heteroatom doping porous carbon material according to claim 4, is characterized in that step 2) in heating rate be 0.5 ~ 10 DEG C/min, carbonization temperature is 600 ~ 1000 DEG C, and carbonization time is 3 ~ 6h.
10. the preparation method of a kind of Heteroatom doping porous carbon material according to claim 4, is characterized in that step 3) middle removal nanoporous inorganic oxide hard template employing HF solution, its concentration is 10 ~ 40wt%.
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107051571A (en) * | 2017-06-13 | 2017-08-18 | 兰州理工大学 | A kind of preparation method of Heteroatom doping carbon load cobalt catalyst |
| CN107199044A (en) * | 2017-06-13 | 2017-09-26 | 兰州理工大学 | A kind of preparation method of nitrogen-doped carbon supported cobaltosic oxide catalyst |
| CN109847753A (en) * | 2019-01-31 | 2019-06-07 | 福州大学 | A kind of porous C o@C nano material and its preparation method and application |
| WO2019183820A1 (en) * | 2018-03-28 | 2019-10-03 | 中山大学 | Preparation method for nitrogen-doped porous carbon supported metal monoatomic material |
| CN112615015A (en) * | 2020-12-17 | 2021-04-06 | 河南师范大学 | Fe3Preparation method of C nano-particle loaded porous nitrogen-doped graphene oxygen reduction catalyst |
| CN113224335A (en) * | 2021-04-16 | 2021-08-06 | 华南理工大学 | Cobalt-nitrogen co-doped porous carbon material and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN113451591A (en) * | 2021-07-06 | 2021-09-28 | 广东省武理工氢能产业技术研究院 | Metal atom doped hierarchical pore structure catalyst, preparation method and application |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107051571A (en) * | 2017-06-13 | 2017-08-18 | 兰州理工大学 | A kind of preparation method of Heteroatom doping carbon load cobalt catalyst |
| CN107199044A (en) * | 2017-06-13 | 2017-09-26 | 兰州理工大学 | A kind of preparation method of nitrogen-doped carbon supported cobaltosic oxide catalyst |
| WO2019183820A1 (en) * | 2018-03-28 | 2019-10-03 | 中山大学 | Preparation method for nitrogen-doped porous carbon supported metal monoatomic material |
| CN109847753A (en) * | 2019-01-31 | 2019-06-07 | 福州大学 | A kind of porous C o@C nano material and its preparation method and application |
| CN109847753B (en) * | 2019-01-31 | 2021-08-31 | 福州大学 | Porous Co @ C nano material and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN112615015A (en) * | 2020-12-17 | 2021-04-06 | 河南师范大学 | Fe3Preparation method of C nano-particle loaded porous nitrogen-doped graphene oxygen reduction catalyst |
| CN112615015B (en) * | 2020-12-17 | 2022-07-29 | 河南师范大学 | Preparation method of Fe3C nanoparticle-supported porous nitrogen-doped graphene oxygen reduction catalyst |
| CN113224335A (en) * | 2021-04-16 | 2021-08-06 | 华南理工大学 | Cobalt-nitrogen co-doped porous carbon material and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN113451591A (en) * | 2021-07-06 | 2021-09-28 | 广东省武理工氢能产业技术研究院 | Metal atom doped hierarchical pore structure catalyst, preparation method and application |
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Application publication date: 20150527 |